` using the stored title.","help":{"concept":"A focused test can verify that a subclass correctly receives shared behavior from its base class.","hint_1":"The shared method should return `Item: <title>` using the stored title.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n pass\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n pass\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}}},"practice-test-polymorphic-sounds":{"title":"Make a polymorphic collection test pass","prompt":"Complete `collect_sounds(animals)` so it calls `speak()` on every object and returns the resulting list. The provided `Cat` and `Dog` classes override `speak()`. Keep the assertion and final `tests passed` output.","hint":"Loop through the mixed objects and append `animal.speak()` for each one.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphism test checks common behavior through the shared method name instead of branching on each concrete class type.","hint_1":"Loop through the mixed objects and append `animal.speak()` for each one.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n # append each object's speak() result\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n # append each object's speak() result\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n for animal in animals:\n sounds.append(animal.speak())\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n for animal in animals:\n sounds.append(animal.speak())\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}}}}},"testing-object-state":{"label":"Testing Object State","summary":"Write executable `assert` tests that prove starting state, rejected state changes, and repeated transitions on real objects.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Assert state before and after a method call"},"sketch1":{"title":"Test both valid and rejected state"},"sketch2":{"title":"Test a sequence on the same object"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_testing_object_state_sketch0":{"title":"Write a before-and-after Book state test","prompt":"`models/book.py` is already complete. In `tests/check_book.py`, use the existing `book` object to write an assertion that it starts available, call `book.checkout()`, then write an assertion that the same object's `available` state is false. Leave the model file unchanged. The test script must still finish by printing `book state tests passed`.","hint":"Use `assert` for both observable states; the method call belongs between those two claims.","help":{"concept":"A state-change test proves the object's state before and after the mutating method.","hint_1":"Check `book.available` before `checkout()`.","hint_2":"Check the same attribute again after `checkout()`."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\n# Assert that the new book starts available.\n# Call checkout() on this same book.\n# Assert that the same book is now unavailable.\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n"},"tests_check_book_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\n# Assert that the new book starts available.\n# Call checkout() on this same book.\n# Assert that the same book is now unavailable.\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Book class defined in models/book.py."},"1":{"message":"Book should still be constructible with a title."},"2":{"message":"A Book instance should have title and available attributes."},"3":{"message":"A new book should start available, then become unavailable after checkout()."}},"solutionFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n"},"tests_check_book_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n"}},"expectedOutput":"book state tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the same Book object for a starting-state assertion, `checkout()`, and an updated-state assertion."}}},"try_testing_object_state_sketch1":{"title":"Test both sides of a validation rule","prompt":"`models/task.py` is already complete. In `tests/check_task.py`, write one assertion proving the existing `normal_task` keeps priority `2`, and another proving the existing `invalid_task` normalizes priority `-5` to `0`. Leave the model unchanged. Keep the final `task validation tests passed` print.","hint":"A validation test set needs one accepted input and one rejected or corrected input.","help":{"concept":"Testing both branches distinguishes the validation rule from a constructor that simply stores every input unchanged.","hint_1":"The normal task should keep priority 2.","hint_2":"The invalid task should expose priority 0."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\n# Assert that the valid priority stays 2.\n# Assert that the negative priority becomes 0.\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, name, priority):\n self.name = name\n self.priority = priority if priority >= 0 else 0\n"},"tests_check_task_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\n# Assert that the valid priority stays 2.\n# Assert that the negative priority becomes 0.\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\nassert normal_task.priority == 2\nassert invalid_task.priority == 0\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Task class defined in models/task.py."},"1":{"message":"A Task instance should store name and priority."},"2":{"message":"A normal priority should be stored unchanged."},"3":{"message":"A negative priority should be corrected to 0."}},"solutionFiles":{"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, name, priority):\n self.name = name\n self.priority = priority if priority >= 0 else 0\n"},"tests_check_task_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\nassert normal_task.priority == 2\nassert invalid_task.priority == 0\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n"}},"expectedOutput":"task validation tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Assert that a Task created with priority 2 still has priority 2."},"1":{"message":"Assert that a Task created with priority -5 exposes priority 0."}}},"try_testing_object_state_sketch2":{"title":"Write a repeated state-transition test","prompt":"`models/counter.py` is already complete. In `tests/check_counter.py`, use the existing `counter` object to assert its count is `0`, call `increment()` and assert `1`, then call `increment()` again and assert `2`. Use the same object for the whole sequence. Leave the model unchanged and keep the final `counter sequence tests passed` print.","hint":"The important part is the sequence: 0 → increment → 1 → increment → 2 on one instance.","help":{"concept":"A repeated-transition test catches bugs that only appear after the same object changes state more than once.","hint_1":"Start with an assertion before any method call.","hint_2":"Assert again after each increment on the same counter."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\n# Assert count starts at 0.\n# Increment the same counter and assert count is 1.\n# Increment the same counter again and assert count is 2.\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"models_counter_py":{"content":"class Counter:\n def __init__(self):\n self.count = 0\n\n def increment(self):\n self.count += 1\n"},"tests_check_counter_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\n# Assert count starts at 0.\n# Increment the same counter and assert count is 1.\n# Increment the same counter again and assert count is 2.\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\nassert counter.count == 0\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 1\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 2\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Counter class defined in models/counter.py."},"1":{"message":"A Counter instance should have a count attribute."},"2":{"message":"The count should move from 0 to 1 to 2 across two increment() calls."}},"solutionFiles":{"models_counter_py":{"content":"class Counter:\n def __init__(self):\n self.count = 0\n\n def increment(self):\n self.count += 1\n"},"tests_check_counter_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\nassert counter.count == 0\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 1\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 2\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n"}},"expectedOutput":"counter sequence tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the same Counter object to assert the full 0 → 1 → 2 state sequence."}}}},"practice":{"q-testing-object-state-single-1":{"title":"What should an object-state test check after a mutating method runs?","prompt":"A `checkout()` method is supposed to change a book from available to unavailable. Which test idea best proves that state change happened?","hint":"Look for the choice that checks the attribute after the method call, not just that the method exists.","help":{"concept":"A state-change test should verify the actual attribute value after a mutating method runs, because the goal is to prove behavior, not just structure.","hint_1":"A method can exist and still fail to update the object's data correctly.","hint_2":"Choose the option that inspects the `available` attribute after calling `checkout()`."},"options":{"a":"Create a Book object and check that `available` becomes `False` after calling `checkout()`","b":"Only check that the `Book` class has a `checkout` method name","c":"Print the object once and assume the method worked","d":"Check only the book title because constructors are more important than methods"}},"q-testing-object-state-multi-1":{"title":"Choose the strongest constructor validation checks","prompt":"A `Task` constructor should keep positive priorities unchanged and replace negative priorities with `0`. Which assertions belong in a good test set? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Include one check for valid input and one for invalid input.","help":{"concept":"Good validation coverage includes both the normal path and the edge-case path so the constructor rule is tested from more than one angle.","hint_1":"One correct option should confirm that a positive priority stays the same.","hint_2":"Another correct option should confirm that a negative priority does not remain negative after construction."},"options":{"a":"`Task(\"Email\", 2).priority == 2`","b":"`Task(\"Broken\", -5).priority == 0`","c":"`Task(\"Email\", 2).name == 2`","d":"`Task(\"Broken\", -5).priority == -5`"}},"q-testing-object-state-fill-1":{"title":"Complete an assert for starting state","prompt":"Fill in the missing value so the assertion checks that a new counter starts at zero.","hint":"A new `Counter` object should begin with no increments applied.","help":{"concept":"Starting-state assertions verify what the constructor sets before any methods change the object.","hint_1":"The `count` attribute should match the constructor's initial value.","hint_2":"Choose the numeric value that represents an untouched counter."},"template":"assert counter.count == [blank1]","choices":["0","1","False","None"]},"q-testing-object-state-drag-1":{"title":"Order a before-and-after state test","prompt":"Put these testing steps in the best order for checking a method that changes object state.","hint":"Read each piece and arrange them in the order the statement should be understood.","help":{"concept":"The pieces should form a valid statement in a logical order.","hint_1":"Start with the piece that introduces the idea or action.","hint_2":"Place dependent pieces after the part they describe or complete."},"tokens":{"t1":"Assert the starting attribute value","t2":"Create the object","t3":"Call the state-changing method","t4":"Assert the updated attribute value"}},"q-testing-object-state-multi-2":{"title":"Spot useful object-state edge cases","prompt":"You are testing a `Counter` object with an `increment()` method. Which checks help prove repeated state changes work correctly? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Think about what happens before any increments and after more than one increment.","help":{"concept":"Repeated state-change tests are stronger when they verify the initial state and multiple successive updates on the same object.","hint_1":"One correct option should check the starting count before any method calls.","hint_2":"Another correct option should check the count after the method has been called more than once on the same instance."},"options":{"a":"Assert that a new counter starts at `0`","b":"Assert that the same counter reaches `2` after two `increment()` calls","c":"Only check that `increment` is spelled correctly","d":"Create two separate counters and ignore their `count` values"}},"q-testing-object-state-fill-2":{"title":"Complete an assert after a checkout","prompt":"Fill in the missing value so the assertion checks the book's state after `checkout()` has already run.","hint":"After checkout, the book should no longer be available.","help":{"concept":"After-method assertions should match the new stored state, not the original constructor value.","hint_1":"The `available` attribute should switch away from its starting value.","hint_2":"Choose the boolean value that represents an unavailable book."},"template":"assert book.available is [blank1]","choices":["True","False","0","Lesson notes panel"]},"ci-testing-object-state-debug-book-return":{"title":"Fix a broken return method after state changes","prompt":"A checkout service uses `Book.checkout()` and `Book.return_book()`. Right now, returning a book does not restore availability. Fix `models/book.py` so the object's state changes correctly. Do not change the test file. When you click Run, the output panel should show that the tests passed.","hint":"Read the task \"Fix a broken return method after state changes\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Fix a broken return method after state changes\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = False","starterFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = False"},"tests_check_book_return_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\nbook.return_book()\nassert book.available is True\n\nprint(\"book return tests passed\")"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = True"},"tests_check_book_return_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\nbook.return_book()\nassert book.available is True\n\nprint(\"book return tests passed\")"}},"solutionCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = True","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Book class defined."},"1":{"message":"Book instances should still store title and available."},"2":{"message":"A new Book should start available."},"3":{"message":"checkout() should mark the book unavailable."},"4":{"message":"return_book() should make a checked-out book available again."}}},"ci-testing-object-state-fix-wallet-validation":{"title":"Fix wallet validation so balance never starts negative","prompt":"A budgeting app has a `Wallet` class in `models/wallet.py`. The constructor should store the given balance when it is zero or more, but negative starting balances should become `0`. The current code stores negative values by mistake. Fix the class so the provided tests in `tests/check_wallet.py` pass when you click Run.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = starting_balance","starterFiles":{"models_wallet_py":{"content":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = starting_balance"},"tests_check_wallet_py":{"content":"from models.wallet import Wallet\n\nwallet_a = Wallet(\"Ava\", 25)\nassert wallet_a.balance == 25\n\nwallet_b = Wallet(\"Ben\", -10)\nassert wallet_b.balance == 0\n\nprint(\"wallet validation tests passed\")"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_wallet_py":{"content":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = max(0, starting_balance)"},"tests_check_wallet_py":{"content":"from models.wallet import Wallet\n\nwallet_a = Wallet(\"Ava\", 25)\nassert wallet_a.balance == 25\n\nwallet_b = Wallet(\"Ben\", -10)\nassert wallet_b.balance == 0\n\nprint(\"wallet validation tests passed\")"}},"solutionCode":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = max(0, starting_balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Wallet class defined."},"1":{"message":"Wallet instances should store owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"A valid starting balance should stay unchanged."},"3":{"message":"A negative starting balance should be corrected to 0."}}},"ci-testing-object-state-fix-scoreboard-add-points":{"title":"Fix a method that updates score incorrectly","prompt":"A game app has a `Scoreboard` class in `models/scoreboard.py`. The `add_points()` method should increase the current score by the amount passed in. Right now it resets the score instead. Fix the class so the tests in `tests/check_scoreboard.py` pass.","hint":"Read the task \"Fix a method that updates score incorrectly\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Fix a method that updates score incorrectly\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score = points","starterFiles":{"models_scoreboard_py":{"content":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score = points"},"tests_check_scoreboard_py":{"content":"from models.scoreboard import Scoreboard\n\nboard = Scoreboard()\nassert board.score == 0\nboard.add_points(5)\nassert board.score == 5\nboard.add_points(3)\nassert board.score == 8\n\nprint(\"scoreboard state tests passed\")"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_scoreboard_py":{"content":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score += points"},"tests_check_scoreboard_py":{"content":"from models.scoreboard import Scoreboard\n\nboard = Scoreboard()\nassert board.score == 0\nboard.add_points(5)\nassert board.score == 5\nboard.add_points(3)\nassert board.score == 8\n\nprint(\"scoreboard state tests passed\")"}},"solutionCode":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score += points","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Scoreboard class defined."},"1":{"message":"Scoreboard instances should have a score attribute."},"2":{"message":"A new Scoreboard should start at 0."},"3":{"message":"After add_points(5), the score should be 5."},"4":{"message":"Points should accumulate, so 5 then 3 should produce 8."}}}}}},"python-11-oop-capstone-project":{"capstone-domain-model":{"label":"Capstone Domain Model","summary":"Build the task objects that carry the tracker domain before adding storage or reports.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_domain_model_sketch0":{"title":"Create the shared BaseTask model","prompt":"In `models/base_task.py`, implement `BaseTask` with `title`, validated `priority`, and `completed` state. New tasks start incomplete. `mark_done()` sets completed to True, `is_open()` returns the opposite, and `summary()` raises NotImplementedError. The supplied main.py marks one task done and prints its state.","hint":"Validate before storing the fields, then mutate only `self.completed` in mark_done().","help":{"concept":"The base class owns shared state and behavior while leaving the concrete summary format to subclasses.","hint_1":"Validate before storing the fields, then mutate only `self.completed` in mark_done().","hint_2":"Inspect the requested file and account for each requirement before running the workspace."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided BaseTask state demo.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided BaseTask state demo.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n # TODO: validate and store title, priority, and completed.\n pass\n\n def mark_done(self):\n # TODO: set completed to True and return it.\n pass\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Store the shared task attributes."},"1":{"message":"A marked-done task should no longer be open."},"2":{"message":"Print the title, priority, and final completed state."}},"expectedOutput":"Draft roadmap\nhigh\nTrue"}}}},"capstone-scope-and-architecture":{"label":"Capstone Scope and Architecture","summary":"Plan the Smart Task Tracker workspace so models, services, data, and main.py each have a clear job.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_scope_and_architecture_sketch0":{"title":"Plan one clean capstone workspace","prompt":"Complete `reports/summary.py` so build_summary(tasks) returns one summary line per task. Keep the task hierarchy in models and the runner in main.py; do not copy model classes into main.py.","hint":"Join task.summary() results with newline characters.","help":{"concept":"A clean architecture gives models, reports, storage, services, and the runner separate responsibilities.","hint_1":"Join task.summary() results with newline characters.","hint_2":"Review the file path, class or function name, and output requirements together."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided architecture snapshot.\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided architecture snapshot.\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Plan one clean capstone workspace. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Plan one clean capstone workspace. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Plan one clean capstone workspace. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Keep this package marker so imports work.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(tasks):\n # TODO: return one summary line per task.\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(tasks):\n return \"\\n\".join(task.summary() for task in tasks)\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both task summaries from the report module."}},"expectedOutput":"BUG: Fix login redirect | priority=high | severity=critical | done=False\nFEATURE: Add dark mode | priority=medium | points=3 | done=False"}}}},"capstone-storage-and-reports":{"label":"Capstone Storage and Reports","summary":"Load task data into objects and turn those objects into useful report output.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_storage_and_reports_sketch0":{"title":"Load task objects from CSV","prompt":"Complete storage/task_storage.py so load_tasks(path) reads data/tasks.csv and returns the correct task subclasses in file order. The supplied runner prints the count and first title.","hint":"Use DictReader, convert completed to bool, and convert feature detail to int.","help":{"concept":"Storage code translates serialized rows into validated domain objects.","hint_1":"Use DictReader, convert completed to bool, and convert feature detail to int.","hint_2":"Use the requested file boundary as part of the solution contract."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided storage smoke test.\nfrom storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided storage smoke test.\nfrom storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Load task objects from CSV. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Load task objects from CSV. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Load task objects from CSV. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Keep this package marker so imports work.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n # TODO: parse each CSV row into the matching task subclass.\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n tasks = []\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n completed = row[\"completed\"].lower() == \"true\"\n if row[\"kind\"] == \"bug\":\n task = BugTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], row[\"detail\"], completed)\n elif row[\"kind\"] == \"feature\":\n task = FeatureTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], int(row[\"detail\"]), completed)\n else:\n raise ValueError(f\"unknown task kind: {row['kind']}\")\n tasks.append(task)\n return tasks\n"}},"solutionCode":"from storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Load three tasks and preserve the first title."}},"expectedOutput":"3\nFix login redirect"}}}},"capstone-tests-and-polish":{"label":"Capstone Tests and Polish","summary":"Add assertions, final output polish, and README handoff notes so the capstone feels complete.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_tests_and_polish_sketch0":{"title":"Add focused model checks","prompt":"Complete main.py with assertions that a new BugTask is open and a FeatureTask estimate of 0 becomes 1. Print `model checks passed` after both assertions.","hint":"Create both objects, assert their state, then print confirmation.","help":{"concept":"Focused tests prove validation and starting state before testing larger workflows.","hint_1":"Create both objects, assert their state, then print confirmation.","hint_2":"Use the requested file boundary as part of the solution contract."},"starterCode":"# TODO: create the two tasks, add the required assertions, then print confirmation.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# TODO: create the two tasks, add the required assertions, then print confirmation.\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Keep this package marker so imports work.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\ndef build_summary(tasks):\n lines = [\"SMART TASK TRACKER\"]\n lines.extend(task.summary() for task in tasks)\n open_count = sum(task.is_open() for task in tasks)\n lines.append(f\"OPEN: {open_count} | DONE: {len(tasks) - open_count}\")\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nimport csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n tasks = []\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n completed = row[\"completed\"].lower() == \"true\"\n if row[\"kind\"] == \"bug\":\n task = BugTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], row[\"detail\"], completed)\n elif row[\"kind\"] == \"feature\":\n task = FeatureTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], int(row[\"detail\"]), completed)\n else:\n raise ValueError(f\"unknown task kind: {row['kind']}\")\n tasks.append(task)\n return tasks\n"},"services_tracker_service_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass TrackerService:\n def __init__(self, tasks=None):\n self.tasks = list(tasks or [])\n\n def add_task(self, task):\n self.tasks.append(task)\n return task\n\n def mark_done(self, title):\n for task in self.tasks:\n if task.title == title:\n task.mark_done()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_tasks(self):\n return sum(task.is_open() for task in self.tasks)\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\nbug = BugTask(\"Fix login\", \"high\", \"critical\")\nfeature = FeatureTask(\"Polish UI\", \"low\", 0)\nassert bug.is_open() is True\nassert feature.estimate_points == 1\nprint(\"model checks passed\")\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(tasks):\n lines = [\"SMART TASK TRACKER\"]\n lines.extend(task.summary() for task in tasks)\n open_count = sum(task.is_open() for task in tasks)\n lines.append(f\"OPEN: {open_count} | DONE: {len(tasks) - open_count}\")\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n tasks = []\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n completed = row[\"completed\"].lower() == \"true\"\n if row[\"kind\"] == \"bug\":\n task = BugTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], row[\"detail\"], completed)\n elif row[\"kind\"] == \"feature\":\n task = FeatureTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], int(row[\"detail\"]), completed)\n else:\n raise ValueError(f\"unknown task kind: {row['kind']}\")\n tasks.append(task)\n return tasks\n"},"services_tracker_service_py":{"content":"class TrackerService:\n def __init__(self, tasks=None):\n self.tasks = list(tasks or [])\n\n def add_task(self, task):\n self.tasks.append(task)\n return task\n\n def mark_done(self, title):\n for task in self.tasks:\n if task.title == title:\n task.mark_done()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_tasks(self):\n return sum(task.is_open() for task in self.tasks)\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\nbug = BugTask(\"Fix login\", \"high\", \"critical\")\nfeature = FeatureTask(\"Polish UI\", \"low\", 0)\nassert bug.is_open() is True\nassert feature.estimate_points == 1\nprint(\"model checks passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Run both model assertions before confirmation."}},"expectedOutput":"model checks passed"}}}},"module-11-final-oop-capstone":{"label":"Neighborhood Pantry Request Coordinator","summary":"Build a pantry request coordinator that turns saved food and hygiene requests into validated objects, managed state, and a clear daily report.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Neighborhood Pantry Request Coordinator"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_11_final_oop_capstone_sketch0":{"title":"Milestone 1: Build the abstract request foundation"},"project_pantry_request_step_2_models":{"title":"Milestone 2: Add HygieneRequest and prove polymorphism"},"project_pantry_request_step_3_service":{"title":"Milestone 3: Give PantryService ownership of the queue"},"project_pantry_request_step_4_storage":{"title":"Milestone 4: Load request objects from CSV"},"project_pantry_request_step_5_reports_tests":{"title":"Milestone 5: Add the report and regression tests"},"project_pantry_request_step_6_final_handoff":{"title":"Milestone 6: Deliver the final pantry coordinator"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_module_11_final_oop_capstone_sketch0":{"title":"Milestone 1: Build the abstract request foundation","prompt":"Build the shared pantry-request foundation. In `models/pantry_request.py`, make `PantryRequest` inherit from `ABC`; keep the allowed priorities `low`, `medium`, and `high`; validate `household` and `priority` through properties; store fulfillment state privately; expose a read-only `fulfilled` property; implement `mark_fulfilled()` and `is_open()`; and make `category(self)` and `details(self)` abstract methods. `summary()` must remain concrete and build its text from those public members. In `models/food_request.py`, keep `FoodRequest(PantryRequest)`, call `super().__init__`, validate a nonblank `food_type`, return `FOOD` from `category()`, and return `food=<value>` from `details()`. Finally, complete `main.py` so it creates a FoodRequest from the provided inputs and prints its summary. Do not implement HygieneRequest yet.","hint":"Retrieve the validated-property pattern from Module 8 and the ABC/inheritance patterns from Module 9.","help":{"concept":"The abstract parent owns shared validation/state while a concrete child supplies request-specific behavior.","hint_1":"Use `ABC` plus `@abstractmethod` on `category()` and `details()`.","hint_2":"Use `super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)` in FoodRequest."},"starterCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\n# Create the FoodRequest and print its summary.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\n# Create the FoodRequest and print its summary.\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass PantryRequest:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, household, priority=\"medium\", fulfilled=False):\n # TODO: route household and priority through validated properties.\n # TODO: store fulfillment state privately.\n pass\n\n # TODO: add validated household and priority properties.\n\n @property\n def fulfilled(self):\n # TODO: expose the private fulfillment state.\n pass\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self):\n # TODO: update state and return the new fulfilled value.\n pass\n\n def is_open(self):\n # TODO: return whether the request is still open.\n pass\n\n # TODO: make category() and details() abstract methods.\n\n def summary(self):\n # TODO: combine the shared state with category() and details().\n pass\n"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n # TODO: reuse PantryRequest setup and validate food_type.\n pass\n\n # TODO: implement category() and details().\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"# HygieneRequest is added in the next milestone.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# TODO: export PantryRequest and FoodRequest.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8b"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"# HygieneRequest is added in the next milestone.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\"]\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Create the `PantryRequest` class in `models/pantry_request.py`."},"1":{"message":"`FoodRequest.summary()` must return the Rivera family line shown in the expected example."},"2":{"message":"`main.py` must print the completed food-request summary."},"3":{"message":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc` in `models/pantry_request.py`."},"4":{"message":"Declare the base class as `class PantryRequest(ABC):`."},"5":{"message":"Mark the subclass contract with `@abstractmethod` in `models/pantry_request.py`."},"6":{"message":"Use properties to protect the request state and validation rules."},"7":{"message":"Declare `FoodRequest` as a subclass of `PantryRequest` in `models/food_request.py`."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"FOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=False","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `PantryRequest` inherit from `ABC`."},"1":{"message":"Use a `household` property and setter for validated state."},"2":{"message":"Use a `priority` property and setter for validated state."},"3":{"message":"Make both `category(self)` and `details(self)` abstract methods."},"4":{"message":"Keep FoodRequest inheriting from PantryRequest and reuse the parent constructor with `super()`."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_2_models":{"title":"Milestone 2: Add HygieneRequest and prove polymorphism","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 1 workspace. Implement `HygieneRequest(PantryRequest)` in `models/hygiene_request.py`. Reuse the parent constructor with `super()`, convert `units` to an integer, reject values below 1, return `HYGIENE` from `category()`, and return `units=<value>` from `details()`. Then update `main.py` to build one FoodRequest and one HygieneRequest from the provided inputs, place them in one `requests` list, and use one `for` loop that calls the current object's shared `summary()` method. Do not branch with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate food/hygiene print logic. Keep the completed PantryRequest and FoodRequest unchanged.","hint":"The new subclass specializes the same abstract methods; the caller should trust the shared `summary()` interface.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves inheritance, overriding, and branch-free polymorphism in one mixed collection.","hint_1":"Use `super().__init__` in HygieneRequest.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, call only `request.summary()`."},"starterCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8c"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 2.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# TODO: export PantryRequest, FoodRequest, and HygieneRequest.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8d"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Preserve the correct `FoodRequest.summary()` behavior from the previous milestone."},"1":{"message":"`HygieneRequest.summary()` must return the Chen family line shown in the expected example."},"2":{"message":"`main.py` must print both request summaries."},"3":{"message":"Declare `HygieneRequest` as a subclass of `PantryRequest`."},"4":{"message":"Use a `for` loop in `main.py` to process the mixed request list."},"5":{"message":"Call `request.summary()` inside the loop instead of branching by request type."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"FOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=False\nHYGIENE: Chen family | priority=medium | units=3 | fulfilled=False","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep HygieneRequest inheriting from PantryRequest and reuse the shared constructor with `super()`."},"1":{"message":"Implement the required `category()` and `details()` methods."},"2":{"message":"Use one branch-free loop over `requests` and call the shared `summary()` method."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_3_service":{"title":"Milestone 3: Give PantryService ownership of the queue","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 2 workspace. Implement `PantryService` in `services/pantry_service.py`. Store the mutable collection privately in `self._requests`; accept an optional starting collection and add each item through `add_request()`; expose a read-only `requests` property that returns a tuple; reject non-PantryRequest values in `add_request()`; implement `mark_fulfilled(household)` by calling the matching request's `mark_fulfilled()` method; count open requests through `request.is_open()`; and build summary lines through `request.summary()`. Update `main.py` to create the two request objects, create the service, fulfill the household supplied by input, print the service's summary lines, and print the open count. `main.py` must not reach into `_requests` or duplicate model state logic.","hint":"The service owns collection coordination; each request object still owns its own state and summary behavior.","help":{"concept":"Encapsulation protects the mutable collection while service methods delegate behavior to the model objects.","hint_1":"Return `tuple(self._requests)` from the property.","hint_2":"Call `request.mark_fulfilled()`, `request.is_open()`, and `request.summary()` rather than changing model fields."},"starterCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8e"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 3.\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8f"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Create the `PantryService` class in `services/pantry_service.py`."},"1":{"message":"A new empty `PantryService` must report `0` open requests."},"2":{"message":"`main.py` must print the two summaries and the open-request count."},"3":{"message":"Store the mutable collection in `self._requests` inside `PantryService`."},"4":{"message":"Expose the collection through a read-only property instead of returning the internal list directly."},"5":{"message":"Delegate fulfillment to `request.mark_fulfilled()` instead of changing model state from the service."},"6":{"message":"Build service summary lines by calling `request.summary()` polymorphically."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"FOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Chen family | priority=medium | units=3 | fulfilled=False\nOPEN: 1","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the mutable list private and expose a tuple through a read-only property."},"1":{"message":"`add_request()` should accept only PantryRequest objects and append the validated object."},"2":{"message":"Delegate state, open-count, and summary behavior to request objects instead of duplicating it in the service."},"3":{"message":"Keep main.py outside the service's private `_requests` state."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_4_storage":{"title":"Milestone 4: Load request objects from CSV","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 3 workspace. Implement `storage/request_storage.py`. `parse_fulfilled(value)` must treat `true`, `1`, and `yes` as fulfilled regardless of surrounding spaces or letter case. `load_requests(path)` must use `csv.DictReader`, construct FoodRequest or HygieneRequest from the `type` column, convert hygiene units to an integer, preserve priority and fulfilled state through the real constructors, and raise `ValueError` for an unknown type. The supplied `tests/check_storage.py` is the executable boundary test for this milestone; do not rewrite the models or service to compensate for storage bugs.","hint":"Storage may choose which concrete class to construct; once the object exists, the rest of the application uses the shared OOP interface.","help":{"concept":"A storage adapter translates serialized rows into validated domain objects without duplicating model/report rules.","hint_1":"Use `csv.DictReader` and normalize the `type`/fulfilled text.","hint_2":"Raise ValueError when the type is neither food nor hygiene."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$90"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$91"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$92"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$93"}},"solutionCode":"$94","checks":{"0":{"message":"`parse_fulfilled(\"yes\")` must return `True`."},"1":{"message":"`main.py` must print the three requests loaded from the CSV file."},"2":{"message":"Import `FoodRequest` into `storage/request_storage.py` so food rows become food objects."},"3":{"message":"Import `HygieneRequest` into `storage/request_storage.py` so hygiene rows become hygiene objects."},"4":{"message":"Read the CSV with `csv.DictReader`."},"5":{"message":"Print loaded objects through `request.summary()` in `main.py`."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"storage tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use Python's `csv` module for the storage adapter."},"1":{"message":"Normalize surrounding spaces/case and recognize true, 1, and yes."},"2":{"message":"Read request rows with `csv.DictReader`."},"3":{"message":"Construct the two concrete request types and reject an unknown type."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_5_reports_tests":{"title":"Milestone 5: Add the report and regression tests","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 4 workspace. Implement `build_summary(requests)` in `reports/summary.py`: start with `NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS`, append one `request.summary()` line per object, calculate open requests through `request.is_open()`, derive the fulfilled count, and return one newline-separated string. Do not branch on FoodRequest versus HygieneRequest in the report. Then complete `tests/check_requests.py`. Without using `inspect`, prove that PantryRequest cannot be instantiated while abstract; prove blank household and zero-unit validation; test a mixed PantryService; test fulfillment delegation and open count; and assert the full report for that mixed fixture. Keep the provided `run_checks()` function and final script print. Finally, update `main.py` to load the saved CSV requests and print `build_summary(requests)`.","hint":"Prove abstraction by attempting to instantiate the abstract base and catching TypeError; the report itself should use only the shared request interface.","help":{"concept":"Regression tests protect the architecture, while the report remains polymorphic and independent of concrete request types.","hint_1":"Use request.summary() and request.is_open() in the report.","hint_2":"Your tests should exercise validation, mixed objects, service state changes, and the returned report string."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$95"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$96"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$97"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nrequests = load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\")\nprint(build_summary(requests))\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$98"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$99"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(requests):\n request_list = list(requests)\n lines = [\"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\"]\n\n for request in request_list:\n lines.append(request.summary())\n\n open_count = sum(\n request.is_open()\n for request in request_list\n )\n fulfilled_count = len(request_list) - open_count\n\n lines.append(\n f\"OPEN: {open_count} | FULFILLED: {fulfilled_count}\"\n )\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"$9a"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$9b"}},"solutionCode":"$9c","checks":{"0":{"message":"`main.py` must print the complete report with its heading, request lines, and totals."},"1":{"message":"Build every report row with `request.summary()` so the report remains polymorphic."},"2":{"message":"Calculate open totals with `request.is_open()` instead of reading or duplicating internal state rules."},"3":{"message":"Assert that `PantryRequest` is abstract with `isabstract(PantryRequest)`."},"4":{"message":"Add meaningful assertions in `tests/check_requests.py` for validation and mixed-subclass service behavior."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"request tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Build the report from `request.summary()` and `request.is_open()` without concrete-type branches."},"1":{"message":"Prove the abstract base cannot be instantiated by catching TypeError."},"2":{"message":"Test both blank-household and zero-unit validation failures."},"3":{"message":"Add meaningful assertions for mixed summaries, fulfillment, open count, and the final report."},"4":{"message":"Keep main.py thin: load request objects and print the report."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_6_final_handoff":{"title":"Milestone 6: Deliver the final pantry coordinator","prompt":"Continue from the Milestone 5 workspace and deliver the application the pantry team will actually run. In `main.py`, create `PantryService(load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\"))`; fulfill the Rivera and Chen requests through `service.mark_fulfilled()`; add a fulfilled `HygieneRequest(\"Davis family\", \"medium\", 2, True)`; print the deterministic `build_summary(service.requests)` report; and then print exactly `PANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY`. Keep the regression files in `tests/`, but do not import test modules into production `main.py`. In `README.md`, explain the responsibilities of models, services, storage, reports, tests, and main.py; mention validated properties, ABC/abstract methods, inheritance/super, overriding, and polymorphism; and include the run command `python main.py`.","hint":"The final runner should wire together production layers only. Regression files protect the project separately.","help":{"concept":"A production entry point orchestrates application code; test modules stay independent so they can verify the application without becoming a runtime dependency.","hint_1":"Load the CSV into PantryService, make the required state changes, then pass `service.requests` to `build_summary()`.","hint_2":"Document each folder's responsibility and the exact `python main.py` run command in README.md."},"starterCode":"from reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nrequests = load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\")\nprint(build_summary(requests))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nrequests = load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\")\nprint(build_summary(requests))\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$9d"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$9e"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(requests):\n request_list = list(requests)\n lines = [\"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\"]\n\n for request in request_list:\n lines.append(request.summary())\n\n open_count = sum(\n request.is_open()\n for request in request_list\n )\n fulfilled_count = len(request_list) - open_count\n\n lines.append(\n f\"OPEN: {open_count} | FULFILLED: {fulfilled_count}\"\n )\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"$9f"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"README_md":{"content":"# Neighborhood Pantry Request Coordinator\n\nComplete the final architecture and handoff notes in Milestone 6.\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$a0"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nservice = PantryService(load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\"))\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Rivera family\")\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Chen family\")\nservice.add_request(\n HygieneRequest(\n \"Davis family\",\n \"medium\",\n 2,\n True,\n )\n)\n\nprint(build_summary(service.requests))\nprint(\"PANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY\")\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$a1"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$a2"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(requests):\n request_list = list(requests)\n lines = [\"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\"]\n\n for request in request_list:\n lines.append(request.summary())\n\n open_count = sum(\n request.is_open()\n for request in request_list\n )\n fulfilled_count = len(request_list) - open_count\n\n lines.append(\n f\"OPEN: {open_count} | FULFILLED: {fulfilled_count}\"\n )\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"$a3"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"README_md":{"content":"$a4"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$a5"}},"solutionCode":"from models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nservice = PantryService(load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\"))\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Rivera family\")\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Chen family\")\nservice.add_request(\n HygieneRequest(\n \"Davis family\",\n \"medium\",\n 2,\n True,\n )\n)\n\nprint(build_summary(service.requests))\nprint(\"PANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"`main.py` must print the complete final report and the readiness confirmation."},"1":{"message":"Explain **Abstraction** in `README.md`, including the role of `PantryRequest` as the abstract contract."},"2":{"message":"Explain **Polymorphism** in `README.md`, including how mixed request types share one interface."},"3":{"message":"Include the exact run command `python main.py` in `README.md`."},"4":{"message":"Call `run_checks()` from `main.py` before the final workflow."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\nFOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Chen family | priority=medium | units=3 | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Morgan family | priority=low | units=5 | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Davis family | priority=medium | units=2 | fulfilled=True\nOPEN: 0 | FULFILLED: 4\nPANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep production `main.py` independent of test modules, then load the CSV through PantryService, apply the required state changes, print the final report, and print the readiness line."},"1":{"message":"Document the responsibility of every production/test layer."},"2":{"message":"Document the retrieved OOP concepts and the exact run command."}}}}}}},"python-8-object-oriented-foundations":{"class-files-and-instances":{"label":"Class Files and Instances","summary":"Define a minimal class in a model file, import it from `main.py`, and create an instance across that file boundary.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Define the class file"},"sketch1":{"title":"Import and use the class"},"sketch2":{"title":"Keep files clean"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_class_files_and_instances_sketch0":{"title":"Define a minimal Car class","prompt":"In `models/car.py`, define a class named `Car` and put `pass` in its body so the class is valid but intentionally empty. Leave `main.py` unchanged. Do not add a constructor yet.","hint":"The class definition belongs in `models/car.py`. Use `pass` as the placeholder body.","help":{"concept":"`pass` is a placeholder statement. It lets you define a valid class before adding real behavior.","hint_1":"Start the definition with `class Car:`.","hint_2":"Indent `pass` inside the class body."},"starterCode":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Define the Car class shell below.\n"}},"solutionCode":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet.","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet."},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n pass"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a Car class in models/car.py."},"1":{"message":"The class shell should be constructible with no arguments yet."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `Car` in `models/car.py` with `pass` in its body."}}},"try_class_files_and_instances_sketch1":{"title":"Import and use Car from the model file","prompt":"`models/car.py` already defines the empty `Car` class. In `main.py`, import `Car` from the `models.car` module and create one `Car` object. Keep the class definition in `models/car.py`; do not copy the class into `main.py`. No output is required.","hint":"Import the class from the model module, then call the imported class to create one object.","help":{"concept":"A model file owns the class definition. Another file imports that class and can then create objects from it.","hint_1":"The module path is `models.car`.","hint_2":"After importing `Car`, call `Car()` once in `main.py`."},"starterCode":"# Import the Car class.\n# Then create one Car object.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Import the Car class.\n# Then create one Car object."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Import Car and create one object.\nclass Car:\n pass"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n pass"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should still be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"Create one Car object in main.py."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import the `Car` class/module from `models.car` in `main.py`."}}},"try_class_files_and_instances_sketch2":{"title":"Keep the model and main script separate","prompt":"Keep the `Car` class in `models/car.py`. Keep `main.py` as the small script that imports the class and creates one object. Add `print(\"Car object ready\")` in `main.py` so the program shows that it ran.","hint":"Do not move the class into `main.py`. Import it from the model file.","help":{"concept":"A clean multifile project keeps model code in a model file and keeps the main script focused on using that model.","hint_1":"`models/car.py` should contain the class.","hint_2":"`main.py` should import `Car`, create `car = Car()`, and print the ready message."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\n\n# Print a short ready message below.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\n\n# Print a short ready message below."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Keep the model and main script separate.\nclass Car:\n pass"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\nprint(\"Car object ready\")","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\nprint(\"Car object ready\")"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n pass"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined in the model file."},"1":{"message":"Car should still be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"Create one Car object in main.py."},"3":{"message":"Print one short ready message from main.py."}},"expectedOutput":"Car object ready"}},"practice":{"mc-class-files-and-instances-class-role":{"title":"Separate the two files","prompt":"Which statements keep the class definition and the script that uses it cleanly separated? Choose all that apply.","hint":"The model file owns the class definition; `main.py` imports and uses it.","help":{"concept":"A clean file boundary keeps reusable model code in the model file and keeps `main.py` focused on using that model.","hint_1":"Look for one statement about `models/car.py` and one about `main.py`.","hint_2":"Do not duplicate the class definition in `main.py`."},"options":{"a":"`models/car.py` defines the `Car` class.","b":"`main.py` imports `Car` and creates objects from it.","c":"`main.py` should copy the full `Car` class definition before using it.","d":"`models/car.py` should run the whole program and print the final output."}},"sc-class-files-and-instances-pass-meaning":{"title":"Why use pass?","prompt":"Why can an empty class use `pass`?","hint":"`pass` lets Python keep a block valid even when there is no real code yet.","help":{"concept":"`pass` is a placeholder. It keeps an empty class body syntactically valid until you add real code later.","hint_1":"A class body cannot be completely empty.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about a placeholder."},"options":{"a":"`pass` creates every method automatically.","b":"`pass` is a placeholder that keeps the empty class valid.","c":"`pass` imports the class into main.py.","d":"`pass` prints the object."}},"fb-class-files-and-instances-import-name":{"title":"Complete the module path","prompt":"Complete the import so `main.py` imports `Car` from the file `models/car.py`.","hint":"Python module paths use dots instead of `/` and omit the `.py` extension.","help":{"concept":"The file path `models/car.py` is imported with the module path `models.car`.","hint_1":"Replace the slash with a dot.","hint_2":"Use `models.car`."},"template":"from [blank1] import Car","choices":["models.car","models/car.py","car","main"]},"dr-class-files-and-instances-order":{"title":"Order the first class workflow","prompt":"Put the steps in the order you follow when creating a class in a model file.","hint":"Start with the class file before importing it.","help":{"concept":"A clean first workflow is: define the class, import it, create one object, then run main.py.","hint_1":"You cannot import a class that has not been defined yet.","hint_2":"Creating the object comes after the import."},"tokens":{"t1":"Define the class in models/car.py","t2":"Import Car in main.py","t3":"Create one object with Car()","t4":"Run main.py"}},"project-step-account-class":{"title":"Create the Account class","prompt":"Practice creating a small account model. Define an `Account` class in `models/account.py` with an `__init__(self, owner, balance)` constructor that stores `owner` and `balance`. In the main code, create `Account(\"Ava\", 120)` and print the owner on one line and the balance on the next line.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\n# Create Ava's account and print owner then balance.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\n# Create Ava's account and print owner then balance."},"models_account_py":{"content":""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a class named Account."},"1":{"message":"Account should accept owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"Store owner and balance on the Account instance."},"3":{"message":"Create one Account object in the main code."},"4":{"message":"Print the owner and balance on separate lines."}}},"project-step-account-methods":{"title":"Add account methods","prompt":"Practice putting account behavior on the model. Keep the provided `Account` class with `owner` and `balance`, then add a `deposit(self, amount)` method that increases the balance and a `summary(self)` method that returns `<owner>: $<balance>`. The main code creates `Account(\"Ava\", 120)`, deposits `30`, and prints the summary.","hint":"One method changes state, and the other reports the current state.","help":{"concept":"This step checks that methods can both update object state and return text based on the updated attributes.","hint_1":"`deposit` should add the incoming amount to `self.balance`.","hint_2":"After calling `deposit(30)`, the summary should reflect the new balance, not the original one."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\n\n# Deposit 30, then print the summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\n\n# Deposit 30, then print the summary."},"models_account_py":{"content":""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\naccount.deposit(30)\nprint(account.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.owner}: ${self.balance}\"\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\naccount.deposit(30)\nprint(account.summary())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Account class defined."},"1":{"message":"Account should still store owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"summary() should report the current owner and balance."},"3":{"message":"summary() should exist before any deposit."},"4":{"message":"deposit(30) should update the balance to 150."},"5":{"message":"Create one Account object in the main code."},"6":{"message":"Print the summary after depositing."}}},"project-step-two-accounts":{"title":"Keep state separate across two accounts","prompt":"Practice working with two instances of the same class. Keep the provided `Account` class with `owner`, `balance`, `deposit`, and `summary`. The main code creates Ava and Noah accounts and deposits into Ava's account only. Finish the code so the two printed summaries show that each object keeps its own state.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\n# Deposit 30 into Ava's account only.\n# Print Ava's summary, then Noah's summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\n# Deposit 30 into Ava's account only.\n# Print Ava's summary, then Noah's summary."},"models_account_py":{"content":""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\nava_account.deposit(30)\nprint(ava_account.summary())\nprint(noah_account.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance += amount\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.owner}: ${self.balance}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\nava_account.deposit(30)\nprint(ava_account.summary())\nprint(noah_account.summary())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Account class defined."},"1":{"message":"Each Account should store owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"Ava's account should update to 150 after deposit(30)."},"3":{"message":"Noah's summary should still show the original balance."},"4":{"message":"Create two Account objects in the main code."},"5":{"message":"Print both account summaries on separate lines."}}}}},"constructors-and-object-state":{"label":"Constructors and Object State","summary":"Use `__init__` to create per-object state, distinguish instance state from class-level state, and keep mutable lists separate between objects.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Initialize object state"},"sketch1":{"title":"Class state vs instance state"},"sketch2":{"title":"Keep mutable state per object"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_constructors_and_object_state_sketch0":{"title":"Initialize a Car's state","prompt":"`main.py` already creates a `Car` and reads its attributes. In `models/car.py`, replace the empty class body with `__init__(self, make, model, miles)`. Store the incoming values on `self.make`, `self.model`, and `self.miles`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The constructor receives the three starting values and assigns each one to an attribute on `self`.","help":{"concept":"`__init__` establishes instance state when an object is created.","hint_1":"Define `__init__` inside `class Car`.","hint_2":"Assign make, model, and miles to matching attributes on `self`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n # Add __init__ so each Car stores make, model, and miles.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should be constructible with make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Store make, model, and miles as attributes on the object."},"3":{"message":"Print the requested attributes on separate lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Nissan\n6000","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `__init__(self, make, model, miles)` inside `Car`."},"1":{"message":"Store `make` on `self.make`."},"2":{"message":"Store `model` on `self.model`."},"3":{"message":"Store `miles` on `self.miles`."}}},"try_constructors_and_object_state_sketch1":{"title":"Add one class-level value","prompt":"In `models/car.py`, add the class variable `wheels = 4` directly inside `class Car`, outside `__init__`. Keep `make`, `model`, and `miles` as instance variables on `self`. In `main.py`, print `Car.wheels`, then `outback.make`, then `mini.make`, each on its own line.","hint":"The shared value belongs in the class body; values that differ between cars stay on `self`.","help":{"concept":"A class variable is class-level state; instance variables live on one object through `self`.","hint_1":"Put `wheels = 4` above `__init__`, not inside it.","hint_2":"Read the shared value with `Car.wheels`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\n# Print the class-level wheel count, then each car's make.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\n# Print the class-level wheel count, then each car's make.\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n # Add the class variable wheels = 4 here.\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.wheels)\nprint(outback.make)\nprint(mini.make)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.wheels)\nprint(outback.make)\nprint(mini.make)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n wheels = 4\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should still accept make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Keep make, model, and miles as per-object attributes."},"3":{"message":"Create two Car objects in main.py."},"4":{"message":"Print the shared wheel count and the two requested makes."}},"expectedOutput":"4\nSubaru\nMini","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `wheels = 4` as a class variable directly inside `Car`."},"1":{"message":"Print the shared value from `Car.wheels`."},"2":{"message":"Print `outback.make`."},"3":{"message":"Print `mini.make`."}}},"try_constructors_and_object_state_sketch2":{"title":"Give each Car its own mutable list","prompt":"`main.py` already creates two cars, appends one service note to the first car, and prints both lists. In `models/car.py`, create `self.service_notes = []` inside `__init__` so every `Car` gets a separate list. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Create the empty list on `self` inside the constructor, not once in the class body.","help":{"concept":"Mutable per-object state should be created separately for each instance.","hint_1":"Add the list assignment inside `__init__`.","hint_2":"The required attribute is `self.service_notes`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n wheels = 4\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n # Give each Car its own empty service_notes list.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n wheels = 4\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n self.service_notes = []\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should still accept make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Each Car should receive its own service_notes list."},"3":{"message":"Create two Car objects."},"4":{"message":"Only the first car should contain the new service note."}},"expectedOutput":"['oil change']\n[]","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Create `self.service_notes = []` inside `__init__`."}}}},"practice":{"mc-constructors-and-object-state-storing-values":{"title":"Class state or instance state?","prompt":"Which statements correctly distinguish class variables from instance variables? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Values on `self` belong to one object; values such as `Car.wheels` live at the class level.","help":{"concept":"Instance variables are stored on one object through `self`. Class variables are defined in the class body.","hint_1":"Look for `self.` when identifying per-object state.","hint_2":"A class-level value can be read from the class itself."},"options":{"a":"`self.make` can differ from one `Car` object to another.","b":"`Car.wheels` is class-level state.","c":"Every value assigned on `self` is shared by all `Car` objects.","d":"A class variable is recreated separately inside every object."}},"sc-constructors-and-object-state-purpose":{"title":"Where should per-car notes live?","prompt":"Each `Car` needs a separate mutable list of service notes. Where should that list be created?","hint":"The list must be new for each object.","help":{"concept":"Create mutable per-object data inside `__init__` and assign it to `self`.","hint_1":"Avoid one list shared in the class body.","hint_2":"Choose the option that creates a fresh list per `Car`."},"options":{"a":"Inside `__init__` as `self.service_notes = []`","b":"Once in the class body as `service_notes = []`","c":"Only as a local list in `main.py`","d":"Inside a `print()` call"}},"fb-constructors-and-object-state-init-name":{"title":"Name the initializer","prompt":"Complete the method definition Python uses to initialize each new `Car` with starting state.","hint":"The special method name starts and ends with two underscores.","help":{"concept":"`__init__` runs when a new object is created and establishes its starting instance state.","hint_1":"The name means initialize.","hint_2":"Use `__init__`."},"template":"def [blank1](self, make, model, miles):","choices":["__init__","init","constructor","self"]},"dr-constructors-and-object-state-flow":{"title":"Order the state setup","prompt":"Put these steps in a clear order.","hint":"Define shared information first, then create per-object state.","help":{"concept":"The class body can hold shared values; the constructor creates each object's own state.","hint_1":"The class definition comes first.","hint_2":"Use the object after it has been created."},"tokens":{"t1":"Define the class variable in the class body","t2":"Define `__init__` with starting values","t3":"Store per-object values on `self`","t4":"Create an object and read its state"}},"ci-constructors-and-object-state-add-method":{"title":"Add a summary method that reads object state","prompt":"The tracker wants a readable summary for each transaction. In `models/transaction.py`, keep the constructor and add a `summary` method that returns text in this format: `Coffee: -4` or `Paycheck: 1200`. The method should build the string from the object's stored attributes.","hint":"Read the task \"Add a summary method that reads object state\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Add a summary method that reads object state\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n","solutionCode":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n"},"models_transaction_py":{"content":"class Transaction:\n def __init__(self, label, amount):\n self.label = label\n self.amount = amount\n\n # Add summary() so it returns text built from the stored attributes.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n"},"models_transaction_py":{"content":"class Transaction:\n def __init__(self, label, amount):\n self.label = label\n self.amount = amount\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.label}: {self.amount}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a Transaction class."},"1":{"message":"Transaction should still accept label and amount."},"2":{"message":"summary should return text built from the stored label and amount."},"3":{"message":"summary should work for different transaction objects too."}}},"ci-constructors-and-object-state-deposit-method":{"title":"Track deposits on an account object","prompt":"Return to `models/account.py`. Define an `Account` class with a constructor that stores `owner` and `balance`, then add a `deposit` method that increases the balance. The provided workspace will create an account, make one or more deposits, and inspect the final stored balance.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n","solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n pass\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance = self.balance + amount\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define an Account class."},"1":{"message":"Account should accept owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"A deposit should increase the stored balance."},"3":{"message":"Multiple deposits should keep updating the same balance attribute."}}},"ci-constructors-and-object-state-ledger-step":{"title":"Build a ledger account that keeps owner, balance, and note","prompt":"The tracker now wants a slightly richer account model. In `models/account.py`, define an `Account` class whose constructor accepts `owner`, `balance`, and `note`. Store all three as attributes. Then add a `deposit` method that increases `balance` and a `describe` method that returns text in this format: `Rae | 90 | starter fund`. The workspace will create an object, update it, and call `describe()`.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n","solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance, note):\n pass\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass\n\n def describe(self):\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance, note):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n self.note = note\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance = self.balance + amount\n\n def describe(self):\n return f\"{self.owner} | {self.balance} | {self.note}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define an Account class."},"1":{"message":"Account should accept owner, balance, and note."},"2":{"message":"Store all three constructor values as instance attributes."},"3":{"message":"deposit should update the stored balance."},"4":{"message":"describe should return a string built from the stored state."}}}}},"encapsulation-and-validation":{"label":"Encapsulation and Validation","summary":"Protect object state by validating state-changing methods, then use a property setter when direct attribute assignment also needs one controlled validation path.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Validate state-changing methods"},"sketch1":{"title":"Protect direct assignment with a property"},"sketch2":{"title":"Clean final behavior"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_encapsulation_and_validation_sketch0":{"title":"Protect mileage inside drive()","prompt":"`main.py` is already complete. In `models/car.py`, update the existing `drive(self, miles)` method so it changes `self.miles` only when the requested `miles` value is greater than `0`. For zero or a negative value, leave the stored mileage unchanged. Always return the car's current mileage. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Check the requested distance before mutating `self.miles`, then return the current mileage.","help":{"concept":"Validation belongs next to the state change it protects. Invalid requests should not mutate the object.","hint_1":"Only positive distances are valid.","hint_2":"Return the current mileage after the validation decision."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n # Validate the requested distance before changing self.miles.\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n if miles > 0:\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should still accept make, model, and starting mileage."},"2":{"message":"A positive drive should update and return the new mileage."},"3":{"message":"A negative drive must leave the mileage unchanged."},"4":{"message":"Zero and negative requests must preserve state for other valid starting values too."}},"expectedOutput":"110\n110","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the validation inside `drive(self, miles)` on `Car`."}}},"try_encapsulation_and_validation_sketch1":{"title":"Validate direct mileage assignment","prompt":"`main.py` is already complete. In `models/car.py`, keep `_miles` as the backing attribute and add a `miles` property. The `@property` getter `miles(self)` must return the backing mileage. Add a `@miles.setter` setter that changes the backing mileage only when the new value is `0` or greater. Negative assignments must leave the current mileage unchanged. Keep `__init__` routing the starting value through `self.miles = miles`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The getter exposes the backing value. The setter validates before replacing that value.","help":{"concept":"A property preserves normal attribute syntax while giving the object one controlled validation path.","hint_1":"Use `@property` for the getter and `@miles.setter` for the setter.","hint_2":"Only non-negative values should replace `_miles`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self._miles = 0\n self.miles = miles\n\n # Add the miles property getter and setter below.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self._miles = 0\n self.miles = miles\n\n @property\n def miles(self):\n return self._miles\n\n @miles.setter\n def miles(self, value):\n if value >= 0:\n self._miles = value\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should remain constructible with a valid starting mileage."},"2":{"message":"The public `miles` attribute should still be readable."},"3":{"message":"Print the final miles."}},"expectedOutput":"100\n150\n150","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `miles` with the `@property` decorator."},"1":{"message":"Define a setter for the `miles` property."},"2":{"message":"Route the constructor's starting mileage through the `miles` property."}}},"try_encapsulation_and_validation_sketch2":{"title":"Use validated behavior with a summary","prompt":"Use the final validated `Car` class. In `main.py`, create `Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)`, call `drive(20)`, call `drive(-3)`, call `drive(50)`, then print `summary()`. The invalid call should be ignored, so the summary should show `70` miles.","hint":"The negative drive should not change the object. The two positive drives should add up to 70 miles.","help":{"concept":"Encapsulation means the object protects its own state and reports a trustworthy result.","hint_1":"Call the methods in the order given.","hint_2":"Print `car.summary()` after all three calls."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\n\n# Drive 20 miles, ignore -3, then drive 50 more.\n# Print the final summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\n\n# Drive 20 miles, ignore -3, then drive 50 more.\n# Print the final summary."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Use validated behavior with a summary.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n if miles > 0:\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\ncar.drive(20)\ncar.drive(-3)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\ncar.drive(20)\ncar.drive(-3)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n if miles > 0:\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"The final summary should use validated miles."},"1":{"message":"Print one clean summary line."},"2":{"message":"Print one clean summary line."}},"expectedOutput":"Honda Civic - 70 miles"}},"practice":{"mc-encapsulation-and-validation-safe-design":{"title":"Choose controlled state changes","prompt":"Which designs keep validation close to the state it protects? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Look for one controlled path that every caller uses.","help":{"concept":"State-changing methods and property setters can both keep a validation rule inside the object.","hint_1":"A method can validate before mutation.","hint_2":"A property setter can validate direct assignment."},"options":{"a":"`drive()` checks a distance before changing the car's mileage.","b":"`main.py` directly repairs `_miles` whenever a value looks wrong.","c":"A `miles` property setter validates `car.miles = value` assignments.","d":"Every caller invents its own validation rule before touching the object."}},"sc-encapsulation-and-validation-why-inside-class":{"title":"Why use a property setter?","prompt":"Why is a property setter useful for a value such as `miles`?","hint":"Think about normal assignment syntax plus validation.","help":{"concept":"A property setter lets callers assign normally while the object controls whether the new value is accepted.","hint_1":"The caller can still write `car.miles = value`.","hint_2":"The setter owns the validation rule."},"options":{"a":"It prevents callers from reading the attribute at all.","b":"It keeps normal assignment syntax while validating the new value inside the object.","c":"It makes every instance share one mileage value.","d":"It removes the need for an initializer."}},"fb-encapsulation-and-validation-condition":{"title":"Trace a rejected assignment","prompt":"A car currently has `miles = 150`. Its property setter ignores negative values. After `car.miles = -20`, what is `car.miles`?","hint":"A rejected assignment leaves the stored state unchanged.","help":{"concept":"Validation protects the existing object state when an assignment is invalid.","hint_1":"The setter does not accept `-20`.","hint_2":"The previous value remains `150`."},"template":"car.miles == [blank1]","choices":["150","-20","0","170"]},"dr-encapsulation-and-validation-update-order":{"title":"Order the safe update","prompt":"Put the validation workflow in order.","hint":"Check the value before changing the attribute.","help":{"concept":"Safe methods receive a value, check it, update only if allowed, then return the current state.","hint_1":"Never update before checking.","hint_2":"Returning happens after the check/update decision."},"tokens":{"t1":"Receive the requested value","t2":"Check whether the value is valid","t3":"Update state only when valid","t4":"Return the current state"}},"ci-account-summary-method":{"title":"Create a summary method for account state","prompt":"A volunteer dashboard needs a readable account summary. In `models/account.py`, complete `summary` so it returns a string in this exact format: `Owner: <owner>, Balance: <balance>`. Do not print inside the method; return the string instead. `main.py` already prints the returned summary for two accounts.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def summary(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"Owner: {self.owner}, Balance: {self.balance}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"summary should return the formatted string for Mina's account."},"2":{"message":"summary should return the formatted string for Leo's account."}}},"ci-account-withdraw":{"title":"Add a validated withdraw method","prompt":"Your club account tracker now needs withdrawals. In `models/account.py`, complete `withdraw` so it subtracts the amount only when the amount is greater than 0 and no larger than the current balance. Return `True` for a successful withdrawal and `False` otherwise. `main.py` already checks one valid and one invalid withdrawal.","hint":"Read the task \"Add a validated withdraw method\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Add a validated withdraw method\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)\n\n# models/account.py\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n # subtract only when the amount is valid\n pass","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)\n\n# models/account.py\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n # subtract only when the amount is valid\n pass"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, balance):\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return True\n return False"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"Account should be constructible with owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should return True."},"3":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should reduce the balance."},"4":{"message":"An oversized withdrawal should return False."},"5":{"message":"An invalid withdrawal should leave the balance unchanged."}}},"ci-helper-is_positive_amount":{"title":"Build a helper that checks positive amounts","prompt":"Your team wants a reusable validation helper. In `helpers/validation.py`, complete `is_positive_amount` so it returns `True` when the number is greater than 0 and `False` otherwise. `main.py` uses that helper inside `Account.deposit`, so the helper must work for both valid and invalid amounts.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)\n\n# helpers/validation.py\ndef is_positive_amount(amount):\n # return True only for amounts greater than 0\n pass\n\n# models/account.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\n\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if is_positive_amount(amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return True\n return False","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# main.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)\n\n# helpers/validation.py\ndef is_positive_amount(amount):\n # return True only for amounts greater than 0\n pass\n\n# models/account.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\n\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if is_positive_amount(amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return True\n return False"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, balance):\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass"},"helpers_validation_py":{"content":"def is_positive_amount(amount):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)"},"models_account_py":{"content":"from helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\n\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if is_positive_amount(amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return True\n return False"},"helpers_validation_py":{"content":"def is_positive_amount(amount):\n return amount > 0"}},"solutionCode":"from helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"10 should be treated as a positive amount."},"1":{"message":"0 should not be treated as a positive amount."},"2":{"message":"Negative numbers should return False."},"3":{"message":"The helper should support a valid deposit."},"4":{"message":"A non-positive amount should leave the balance unchanged."}}}}},"methods-and-responsibility":{"label":"Methods and Responsibility","summary":"Put behavior beside the object state it uses, return useful results from model methods, and keep application-wide coordination outside the model.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Behavior that belongs to one object"},"sketch1":{"title":"Keep responsibilities separated"},"sketch2":{"title":"Static method"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_methods_and_responsibility_sketch0":{"title":"Add behavior that changes one Car","prompt":"`main.py` already creates a `Car`, calls `drive(40)`, and prints both the returned value and the car's final mileage. In `models/car.py`, define the instance method `drive(self, miles)`. It must increase `self.miles` by the given amount, update the object, and return the new mileage. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"This behavior belongs on `Car` because it changes one car's own mileage.","help":{"concept":"An instance method receives `self` and can change the state stored on that object.","hint_1":"Define `drive(self, miles)` inside `class Car`.","hint_2":"Update `self.miles`, then return its new value."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n # Add drive(self, miles) here.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should still accept make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Keep the existing per-object state."},"3":{"message":"`drive(40)` should return the updated mileage."},"4":{"message":"`drive(40)` must actually update `self.miles`, not only compute a return value."},"5":{"message":"`drive` should work for other valid starting mileages and distances."},"6":{"message":"Keep the provided two-line demonstration in `main.py`."}},"expectedOutput":"10040\n10040","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `drive(self, miles)` as an instance method on `Car`."}}},"try_methods_and_responsibility_sketch1":{"title":"Return a summary of one Car","prompt":"`main.py` already creates one `Car` and prints `car.summary()`. In `models/car.py`, define the instance method `summary(self)`. Return a string in the format `MAKE MODEL - MILES miles` using that object's `make`, `model`, and `miles` attributes. The method must return the string; do not print inside `summary`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The summary belongs on `Car` because it reports one car's state. Return the string so `main.py` can decide to print it.","help":{"concept":"A model method can report one object's state while the caller remains responsible for display or application coordination.","hint_1":"Define `summary(self)` inside `Car`.","hint_2":"Build and return the string from `self.make`, `self.model`, and `self.miles`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n # Add summary(self) here.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should remain constructible."},"2":{"message":"`summary()` should return the requested text for the visible car."},"3":{"message":"`summary()` should use the object's actual state, not hard-coded visible values."},"4":{"message":"Keep the provided `main.py` call that prints the returned summary."}},"expectedOutput":"Toyota Prius - 62 miles","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `summary(self)` as an instance method on `Car`."}}},"try_methods_and_responsibility_sketch2":{"title":"Add a static validation method","prompt":"Add `@staticmethod` and `is_valid_miles(miles)` to `Car`. It should return `True` when miles is greater than or equal to 0 and `False` otherwise. In `main.py`, call it once from the class with `120` and once from a Car object with `-5`, then print both results.","hint":"A static method uses neither `self` nor `cls`; it receives only the value it checks.","help":{"concept":"A static method is useful for logic related to the class that does not need object state or the class itself.","hint_1":"Place `@staticmethod` above `def is_valid_miles(miles):`.","hint_2":"Return the Boolean expression `miles >= 0`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\n# Print the validation result from the class and from the object.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\n# Print Car.is_valid_miles(120).\n# Then print car.is_valid_miles(-5).\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n # TODO: add @staticmethod and is_valid_miles(miles).\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.is_valid_miles(120))\nprint(car.is_valid_miles(-5))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.is_valid_miles(120))\nprint(car.is_valid_miles(-5))\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n @staticmethod\n def is_valid_miles(miles):\n return miles >= 0\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class constructible."},"1":{"message":"is_valid_miles should return True for a non-negative value."},"2":{"message":"is_valid_miles should return False for a negative value."},"3":{"message":"Print both validation results."}},"expectedOutput":"True\nFalse"}},"practice":{"mc-methods-and-responsibility-class-jobs":{"title":"Which behavior belongs on Car?","prompt":"Which behaviors naturally belong as instance methods on one `Car` object? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Choose behavior that reads or changes one car's own state.","help":{"concept":"An instance method is a good fit when the behavior belongs to one object's state.","hint_1":"Think about mileage and one-car summaries.","hint_2":"Fleet-wide reports and user menus coordinate more than one object or the whole application."},"options":{"a":"Increase this car's mileage after it drives.","b":"Return a summary of this car's make, model, and mileage.","c":"Build a report across every car in the fleet.","d":"Ask the user which menu option to choose."}},"sc-methods-and-responsibility-main-role":{"title":"Keep display outside the model","prompt":"Which design keeps `Car.summary()` focused on the model's responsibility?","hint":"The method should provide the result; the caller can decide how to display it.","help":{"concept":"Returning a result keeps a model method reusable while `main.py` owns user-facing coordination.","hint_1":"Avoid putting the application's printing policy inside the model.","hint_2":"Choose the option where `summary()` returns and `main.py` prints."},"options":{"a":"`summary()` prints the text itself and returns nothing.","b":"`summary()` returns the text, and `main.py` prints the returned value.","c":"`main.py` rewrites the Car's attributes before every summary.","d":"`summary()` asks the user which car to summarize."}},"fb-methods-and-responsibility-call-name":{"title":"Trace a state-changing method","prompt":"A car starts with `miles = 10000`. After `car.drive(40)` completes, what should `car.miles` be?","hint":"The method adds the driven distance to the object's current mileage.","help":{"concept":"A state-changing instance method updates the object itself.","hint_1":"Start with 10000.","hint_2":"Add 40."},"template":"car.miles == [blank1]","choices":["10040","10000","40","9960"]},"dr-methods-and-responsibility-flow":{"title":"Choose a method by what it needs","prompt":"Put this decision process in order.","hint":"Start by asking what data the behavior needs.","help":{"concept":"The needed context determines the method type.","hint_1":"Object state points to an instance method.","hint_2":"No object or class context points to a static method."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ask whether the behavior needs one object's state","t2":"Use an instance method when it needs `self`","t3":"Use a class method when it needs `cls` or creates objects","t4":"Use a static method when it needs neither"}},"ci-methods-and-responsibility-report-line":{"title":"Build a report line from object methods","prompt":"You are preparing a simple daily report for the account tracker. Finish the `deposit` and `report_line` methods in `models/account.py`. `deposit` should update the balance, and `report_line` should return text in this exact format: `Rae | balance: $95`. `main.py` already creates the account, deposits money, and prints the report line. When you click Run, the output panel should show `Rae | balance: $95`. This matters because the class should both manage state changes and provide account-specific display text.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass\n\n def report_line(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance\n\n def report_line(self):\n return f\"{self.owner} | balance: ${self.balance}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"deposit should update the balance to 95."},"2":{"message":"report_line should return the formatted report text."}}},"ci-methods-and-responsibility-validate-withdrawal":{"title":"Keep validation inside the method","prompt":"You are improving the account tracker so invalid withdrawals do not change the balance. In `models/account.py`, finish `withdraw` so it subtracts the amount only when the amount is less than or equal to the current balance. If the amount is too large, leave the balance unchanged. The method should return the current balance after the attempt. `main.py` already prints two results. When you click Run, the output panel should show `60` and then `60`. This matters because validation should live with the object state it protects.","hint":"Check the amount against `self.balance` before subtracting.","help":{"concept":"Encapsulation means the class protects its own state. A withdrawal rule belongs inside the method because the method controls balance changes.","hint_1":"The first call should reduce the balance, but the second call should not make it negative.","hint_2":"Use a conditional inside `withdraw`; only update `self.balance` when the requested amount is allowed, then return the balance either way."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should reduce the balance."},"2":{"message":"After an invalid second withdrawal, the balance should remain 60."},"3":{"message":"If the amount is too large, return the unchanged balance."}}},"practice-cart-total-method":{"title":"Put total behavior on the object","prompt":"Define a `Cart` class that stores a list of prices. Add a `total()` method that returns the sum of those prices. Create `Cart([4, 7, 9])` and print `cart.total()`.","hint":"The `Cart` object already owns the price list, so the method should use `self.prices`.","help":{"concept":"A method belongs on an object when the behavior primarily uses and represents that object's own state.","hint_1":"The `Cart` object already owns the price list, so the method should use `self.prices`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n # return the total of this cart\n pass\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n # return the total of this cart\n pass\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n return sum(self.prices)\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n return sum(self.prices)\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n"}}}}},"module-8-account-tracker-project":{"label":"Module 8 Account Tracker Project","summary":"Build Riverside Club's account tracker so each member balance has one reliable model, safe update rules, and a clear summary.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Account Tracker Build"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_8_account_tracker_project_sketch0":{"title":"Create the Account model boundary"},"account_tracker_step_2_constructor_attributes":{"title":"Add shared and per-account state"},"account_tracker_step_3_add_methods":{"title":"Add validated account transactions"},"account_tracker_step_4_validation_summary":{"title":"Protect balance and finish the model"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_8_account_tracker_project_sketch0":{"title":"Create the Account model boundary","prompt":"Start the club tracker with the smallest working model boundary. In `models/account.py`, define `class Account:` with `pass` as its body. In `main.py`, import `Account` from `models.account` and create one `Account` object. Do not add state or output yet.","hint":"Keep the reusable class definition in `models/account.py`; `main.py` only imports and uses it.","help":{"concept":"A model file owns the reusable class; main.py imports and uses it.","hint_1":"Define the empty class shell in models/account.py.","hint_2":"Import Account in main.py and call Account() once."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\n# Create one Account object below.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\n# Create one Account object below.\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"# Define the Account class shell below.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Account` defined in `models/account.py`."},"1":{"message":"The empty `Account` class should be constructible."},"2":{"message":"Create at least one `Account` object in `main.py`."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define the empty `Account` class shell with `pass` in `models/account.py`."},"1":{"message":"Import the Account model from `models.account` in `main.py`."}}},"account_tracker_step_2_constructor_attributes":{"title":"Add shared and per-account state","prompt":"Continue from the exact previous workspace. In `models/account.py`, replace the empty class body with the class variable `club_name = \"Riverside Club\"` and `__init__(self, owner, balance)`. Store the incoming values on `self.owner` and `self.balance`. In `main.py`, read an owner and integer balance from input, create the account, then print `Account.club_name`, `account.owner`, and `account.balance`, each on its own line.","hint":"The club name is shared class state. Owner and balance belong to each individual account.","help":{"concept":"Class variables hold shared class-level state; self stores per-object state.","hint_1":"Put club_name directly in the class body.","hint_2":"Store owner and balance on self inside __init__."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Account` defined in the model file."},"1":{"message":"Account should be constructible with different owners and balances."},"2":{"message":"Each Account should expose owner and balance state."},"3":{"message":"Create an Account from the input values in `main.py`."},"4":{"message":"Print the shared club name, owner, and balance."}},"expectedOutput":"Riverside Club\nAva\n125","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `club_name = \"Riverside Club\"` as class-level state on Account."},"1":{"message":"Define `__init__(self, owner, balance)` on Account."},"2":{"message":"Store the incoming owner on `self.owner`."},"3":{"message":"Store the incoming balance on `self.balance`."}}},"account_tracker_step_3_add_methods":{"title":"Add validated account transactions","prompt":"Continue from the exact previous workspace. In `models/account.py`, add the instance methods `deposit(self, amount)` and `withdraw(self, amount)`. A deposit changes the balance only when `amount > 0`. A withdrawal changes the balance only when `amount > 0` and the amount does not exceed the current balance. Both methods must always return the current balance. In `main.py`, demonstrate a valid deposit, a valid withdrawal, a negative deposit, and an overdraw attempt using the provided values in the solution behavior.","hint":"Keep each validation rule inside the method that owns that state change. Rejected transactions leave the balance unchanged.","help":{"concept":"Instance methods own validated changes to one Account's balance.","hint_1":"deposit accepts only positive amounts.","hint_2":"withdraw also checks that the account has enough balance."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if amount > 0:\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"A valid deposit should update and return the new balance."},"1":{"message":"A negative deposit must leave the balance unchanged."},"2":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should update and return the remaining balance."},"3":{"message":"An overdraw attempt must leave the balance unchanged."},"4":{"message":"The methods should preserve correct state on other valid and invalid values too."}},"expectedOutput":"150\n110\n110\n110","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `deposit(self, amount)` as an instance method."},"1":{"message":"Define `withdraw(self, amount)` as an instance method."}}},"account_tracker_step_4_validation_summary":{"title":"Protect balance and finish the model","prompt":"Finish the tracker from the exact previous workspace. Refactor `balance` into a validated property backed by `self._balance`. In `__init__`, start the backing value at `0` and route the incoming balance through `self.balance = balance`. Define a `@property` getter `balance(self)` that returns `_balance`, and a `@balance.setter` setter `balance(self, value)` that accepts only values `>= 0`; a negative assignment must leave the current balance unchanged. Keep `deposit()` and `withdraw()` working through the public `balance` property. Add `summary(self)` that returns `CLUB | OWNER: $BALANCE` with two decimal places. Update `main.py` to read the owner, starting balance, a new direct balance, and an invalid direct balance from input; print the starting balance, the accepted balance, the balance after the rejected assignment, then the summary.","hint":"The property gives construction, direct assignment, and the transaction methods one public balance interface while `_balance` remains internal.","help":{"concept":"A property controls direct assignment while preserving normal attribute syntax.","hint_1":"Initialize `_balance` before routing the constructor value through the setter.","hint_2":"summary() returns text; main.py decides to print it."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if amount > 0:\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nstart_balance = int(input())\nnew_balance = int(input())\ninvalid_balance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, start_balance)\n\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = new_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = invalid_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\nprint(account.summary())\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self._balance = 0\n self.balance = balance\n\n @property\n def balance(self):\n return self._balance\n\n @balance.setter\n def balance(self, value):\n if value >= 0:\n self._balance = value\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if amount > 0:\n self.balance = self.balance + amount\n return self.balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance = self.balance - amount\n return self.balance\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.club_name} | {self.owner}: ${self.balance:.2f}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nstart_balance = int(input())\nnew_balance = int(input())\ninvalid_balance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, start_balance)\n\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = new_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = invalid_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\nprint(account.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Account should remain constructible after the property refactor."},"1":{"message":"The public owner and balance state should remain readable."},"2":{"message":"deposit() should still work after the property refactor."},"3":{"message":"withdraw() should still work through the public balance property."},"4":{"message":"summary() should use the actual account state, not the visible example values."}},"expectedOutput":"125\n40\n40\nRiverside Club | Ava: $40.00","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `balance` with the `@property` decorator."},"1":{"message":"Define `balance(self, value)` as the property setter."},"2":{"message":"Initialize the internal `_balance` backing value before using the setter."},"3":{"message":"Route the constructor's incoming balance through the public property."},"4":{"message":"Define `summary(self)` on Account."}}}}}},"thinking-in-objects":{"label":"Thinking in Objects","summary":"Use provided objects first so object creation, attributes, and method calls make sense before writing class syntax yourself.","cards":{"course-introduction":{"title":"Course introduction"},"sketch0":{"title":"Create objects"},"sketch1":{"title":"Read attributes"},"sketch2":{"title":"Call methods"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_thinking_in_objects_sketch0":{"title":"Create two objects","prompt":"A `Car` model is already provided in `models/car.py`. In `main.py`, create two separate `Car` objects with sensible make, model, and mileage values. Keep both objects available in variables or a collection. Do not print anything. This exercise is only about creating objects.","hint":"Call `Car(...)` twice. Each constructor call creates a separate object.","help":{"concept":"Calling a class creates an object. Separate constructor calls create separate instances, each with its own state.","hint_1":"The provided constructor accepts a make, a model, and a starting mileage.","hint_2":"Create two `Car(...)` instances and keep both reachable. No output is required."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\n# A Car model is already provided.\n# Create two Car objects below.\n# Do not print anything yet.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\n# A Car model is already provided.\n# Create two Car objects below.\n# Do not print anything yet."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Create two car objects.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncivic_car = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 12000)\nfocus_car = Car(\"Ford\", \"Focus\", 8000)","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncivic_car = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 12000)\nfocus_car = Car(\"Ford\", \"Focus\", 8000)"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Use the provided Car class."},"1":{"message":"Create Car objects with make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Each Car object should keep its own make, model, and miles values."},"3":{"message":"Create at least two Car objects."}},"sourceChecks":{}},"try_thinking_in_objects_sketch1":{"title":"Read attributes from existing objects","prompt":"Two `Car` objects are already created in `main.py`. Use dot notation to print the `make` attribute directly from `corolla_car`, then print the `miles` attribute directly from `mazda_car`, each on its own line. Keep `models/car.py` unchanged.","hint":"Read each requested value from the existing object with dot notation.","help":{"concept":"An attribute is state stored on an object. Dot notation reads that state from a particular instance.","hint_1":"The first value comes from `corolla_car`'s `make` attribute.","hint_2":"The second value comes from `mazda_car`'s `miles` attribute."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\n# Print the requested attribute from each existing object.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\n# Print the requested attribute from each existing object.\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Read values from car objects.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\nprint(corolla_car.make)\nprint(mazda_car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\nprint(corolla_car.make)\nprint(mazda_car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Use the provided Car class."},"1":{"message":"Create Car objects with make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Each Car object should keep its own make, model, and miles values."},"3":{"message":"Create at least two Car objects."},"4":{"message":"Print the requested attributes on separate lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Toyota\n18000","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Print `corolla_car`'s `make` attribute directly with dot notation."},"1":{"message":"Print `mazda_car`'s `miles` attribute directly with dot notation."}}},"try_thinking_in_objects_sketch2":{"title":"Call methods on an existing object","prompt":"A `car` object is already created in `main.py`. Call `car.drive(50)` to change its mileage. Then print `car.summary()` directly so the output comes from the updated object. Keep `models/car.py` unchanged.","hint":"Change the existing object's state first, then ask that same object to summarize its current state.","help":{"concept":"Methods are behavior attached to objects. A method can change an object's state, and another method can report the updated state.","hint_1":"Use the existing variable `car`; do not create a replacement object.","hint_2":"Call the state-changing method before printing the summary."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\n\n# Drive the car 50 miles.\n# Then print the updated summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\n\n# Drive the car 50 miles.\n# Then print the updated summary."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Call a method on one car object.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Use the provided Car class."},"1":{"message":"After drive(50), summary() should show the updated miles."},"2":{"message":"Create one Car object."},"3":{"message":"Print the updated car summary."}},"expectedOutput":"Kia Soul - 30050 miles","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `drive(50)` on the existing `car` object."},"1":{"message":"Print `car.summary()` directly so the output comes from the updated object."}}}},"practice":{"mc-thinking-in-objects-object-idea":{"title":"Why use objects?","prompt":"Which two statements correctly describe objects in this lesson? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Think about one program thing keeping its related values and actions together.","help":{"concept":"An object represents one thing in a program. It can store values and offer methods that work with those values.","hint_1":"Look for choices about grouping related data and behavior.","hint_2":"Reject choices that say all objects share one state or that objects are only about printing output."},"options":{"a":"Objects help model things the program cares about.","b":"An object can keep related values and useful behavior together.","c":"Every object from one class must share the exact same state forever.","d":"Objects are only useful when the program prints text."}},"sc-thinking-in-objects-attribute-meaning":{"title":"What is an attribute?","prompt":"In this topic, what does an attribute mean?","hint":"Think about values like a car's make, model, or miles.","help":{"concept":"An attribute is a value stored on one specific object.","hint_1":"Dot notation reads an attribute from an object.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about a value stored on one object."},"options":{"a":"A value stored on a specific object.","b":"A file that always runs before main.py.","c":"A kind of loop.","d":"A comment that explains a class."}},"fb-thinking-in-objects-method-call":{"title":"Trace a method change","prompt":"A `Car` object starts with `miles = 30000`. The program calls `car.drive(50)`. What should `car.miles` be afterward?","hint":"The method adds the traveled distance to the object's current mileage.","help":{"concept":"A state-changing method updates data stored on the object.","hint_1":"Start with 30000 and add 50.","hint_2":"The updated mileage is 30050."},"options":{"a":"30000","b":"30050","c":"50","d":"29950"}},"dr-thinking-in-objects-workflow":{"title":"Order the object workflow","prompt":"Put these steps in the usual order for working with an object.","hint":"Start by creating the object before reading or changing it.","help":{"concept":"A clear object workflow is: create an object, read attributes when needed, call methods when behavior is needed, then print or use the result.","hint_1":"An object must exist before you can read from it.","hint_2":"Printing the result comes after the object is created and updated."},"tokens":{"t1":"Create the object with starting values","t2":"Read an attribute from the object","t3":"Call a method on that object","t4":"Print or use the object's current state"}},"practice-book-object-description":{"title":"Create an object with its own data","prompt":"Define a `Book` class whose constructor stores `title` and `pages`. Add a `description()` method that returns `<title> - <pages> pages`. Create `Book(\"Orbit\", 240)` and print its description.","hint":"Store the constructor arguments on `self`, then let the method read those attributes.","help":{"concept":"An object bundles related state with behavior that uses that state.","hint_1":"Store the constructor arguments on `self`, then let the method read those attributes.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n # store both values\n pass\n\n def description(self):\n # return the formatted description\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n # store both values\n pass\n\n def description(self):\n # return the formatted description\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n self.title = title\n self.pages = pages\n\n def description(self):\n return f\"{self.title} - {self.pages} pages\"\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n self.title = title\n self.pages = pages\n\n def description(self):\n return f\"{self.title} - {self.pages} pages\"\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n"}}},"practice-two-pet-instances":{"title":"Keep separate state in two objects","prompt":"Define a `Pet` class that stores `name` and `sound`, with a `speak()` method returning `<name>: <sound>`. Create `Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")` and `Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")`, then print both `speak()` results.","hint":"Each instance should store its own `name` and `sound` attributes.","help":{"concept":"Different instances of the same class keep separate state while sharing the same method definitions.","hint_1":"Each instance should store its own `name` and `sound` attributes.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n pass\n\n def speak(self):\n pass\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n pass\n\n def speak(self):\n pass\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n self.name = name\n self.sound = sound\n\n def speak(self):\n return f\"{self.name}: {self.sound}\"\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n self.name = name\n self.sound = sound\n\n def speak(self):\n return f\"{self.name}: {self.sound}\"\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n"}}},"practice-task-state-method":{"title":"Let a method change object state","prompt":"Define a `Task` class that stores `title` and starts with `done = False`. Add `complete()` so it sets `done` to `True`. Create one task, call `complete()`, and print its `title` and `done` value on separate lines.","hint":"The method should update `self.done` on the existing object.","help":{"concept":"Methods can change the state stored on an object, allowing the object to manage related data and behavior together.","hint_1":"The method should update `self.done` on the existing object.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n # store title and start done as False\n pass\n\n def complete(self):\n # mark this task complete\n pass\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n # store title and start done as False\n pass\n\n def complete(self):\n # mark this task complete\n pass\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n self.done = True\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n self.done = True\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n"}}}}}},"python-9-inheritance-polymorphism-and-abstraction":{"abstraction-with-base-interfaces":{"label":"Abstract Base Classes and Interfaces","summary":"Use `ABC` and `@abstractmethod` to make a shared method requirement enforceable, then make a subclass concrete by implementing that method.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Define an enforceable contract"},"sketch1":{"title":"Make a child concrete"},"sketch2":{"title":"Program to shared behavior"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_abstraction_with_base_interfaces_sketch0":{"title":"Make CatalogItem an abstract contract","prompt":"`main.py` is already complete. In `models/catalog_item.py`, import `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`, make `CatalogItem` inherit from `ABC`, and decorate `label(self)` with `@abstractmethod`. Keep the existing constructor that stores `title`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The class must use `ABC`, and the required `label()` method needs the `@abstractmethod` decorator.","help":{"concept":"An abstract base class can enforce that related concrete subclasses implement a required method.","hint_1":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`.","hint_2":"Place `@abstractmethod` directly above `label(self)`."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"# Import ABC and abstractmethod from abc.\n\nclass CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n # Make label() an abstract method.\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Book is used in the next step; leave it unchanged for now.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Book is used in the next step.\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define CatalogItem in models/catalog_item.py."},"1":{"message":"CatalogItem should be abstract so Python refuses to instantiate it."}},"expectedOutput":"CatalogItem blocked\nIncompleteItem blocked\nReady","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from Python's `abc` module."},"1":{"message":"Make `CatalogItem` inherit from `ABC`."},"2":{"message":"Decorate `label(self)` with `@abstractmethod`."}}},"try_abstraction_with_base_interfaces_sketch1":{"title":"Fulfill the abstract contract in Book","prompt":"`CatalogItem` is already abstract and its constructor already stores `title`. In `models/book.py`, keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem` and implement the required `label(self)` method so it returns `Book: ` followed by that object's title. Do not add another constructor; `Book` should inherit the parent's constructor. Leave `models/catalog_item.py` and `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Implement the required method directly on `Book`. Once `label()` exists, Python can instantiate the child.","help":{"concept":"A subclass remains abstract until it implements every required abstract method. Shared constructor setup can still be inherited.","hint_1":"Keep `class Book(CatalogItem)`.","hint_2":"Define only `label(self)` and use the inherited `self.title`."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n # Implement the required label() method.\n pass\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n # TODO: return Movie: <title>.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"`Book.label()` should use the object's actual inherited title."},"1":{"message":"`Book.label()` should work for other valid titles too."},"2":{"message":"Print both concrete labels."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Coraline\nCatalogItem blocked","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` inheriting from the abstract `CatalogItem` contract."},"1":{"message":"Implement the required `label(self)` method on `Book`."}}},"try_abstraction_with_base_interfaces_sketch2":{"title":"Use a helper that trusts the interface","prompt":"Complete `show_labels(items)` in `services/catalog_view.py`. Return one string with each item's `label()` on its own line. The helper does not need `isinstance` checks; it depends only on the shared behavior. `main.py` is already wired to print the returned string.","hint":"Collect each `item.label()` result and join them with `\"\\n\"`.","help":{"concept":"The ABC enforces the contract for this family of classes. The helper itself uses Python's duck-typing style: it only needs each object to provide `label()`.","hint_1":"Use `\"\\n\".join(...)` so there is no extra blank line.","hint_2":"Do not print inside the helper; return one string."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided script after completing show_labels.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided script after completing show_labels.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_view_py":{"content":"def show_labels(items):\n # TODO: return one string with each item.label() on its own line.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_view_py":{"content":"def show_labels(items):\n return \"\\n\".join(item.label() for item in items)\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both labels so main.py prints two lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Dune\nMovie: Moana"}},"practice":{"sc-interface-purpose":{"title":"What does the abstract contract enforce?","prompt":"What does `ABC` together with `@abstractmethod` add to `CatalogItem`?","hint":"Think about what Python prevents when required behavior is missing.","help":{"concept":"An abstract base class can prevent incomplete classes from being instantiated.","hint_1":"The contract is about required behavior.","hint_2":"Concrete subclasses can still implement that behavior differently."},"options":{"a":"Python blocks instantiation while a required abstract method is unresolved.","b":"Every subclass must return exactly the same label text.","c":"The abstract parent can no longer store shared state.","d":"Subclasses are no longer allowed to inherit methods."}},"fb-interface-method-name":{"title":"Mark the required method","prompt":"Complete the decorator that marks `label()` as required.","hint":"It comes from Python's `abc` module.","help":{"concept":"`@abstractmethod` marks behavior that concrete subclasses must implement.","hint_1":"The decorator begins with `@`.","hint_2":"Its name combines `abstract` and `method`."},"template":"[blank1]\ndef label(self):\n pass","choices":["@abstractmethod","@staticmethod","@classmethod","@property"]},"dr-interface-build-order":{"title":"Order the ABC workflow","prompt":"Put these steps in a clear order.","hint":"Declare the contract before creating concrete child objects.","help":{"concept":"Import the ABC tools, define the abstract parent, implement the method in children, then use the objects through shared behavior.","hint_1":"Imports come first.","hint_2":"The helper comes after concrete implementations exist."},"tokens":{"t1":"Import `ABC` and `abstractmethod`","t2":"Define the abstract method on the base class","t3":"Implement the method in each concrete child","t4":"Call the shared method from a helper"}},"sc-interface-helper-focus":{"title":"What happens to an incomplete child?","prompt":"`CatalogItem.label()` is abstract. `DraftItem(CatalogItem)` does not implement `label()`. What happens when code tries to create `DraftItem(\"Notes\")`?","hint":"The child still has an unresolved abstract method.","help":{"concept":"A subclass remains abstract until it implements every required abstract method.","hint_1":"Inheritance alone does not make the child concrete.","hint_2":"Python blocks construction of an incomplete child."},"options":{"a":"Python creates the object and uses `pass` as its label.","b":"Python raises `TypeError` because the child is still abstract.","c":"Python automatically copies a `label()` implementation into the child.","d":"Python removes `CatalogItem` from the inheritance chain."}},"ci-catalog-add-audio-subclass":{"title":"Add an audio item that fits the contract","prompt":"The catalog is expanding again. Add an `Audio` subclass that fits the same base-class contract used by the report service.\n\nTasks:\n- In `models/audio.py`, create `Audio(BaseItem)`.\n- Its constructor should accept `title` and `speaker`, call `super().__init__(title)`, and store `speaker`.\n- Override `display_line()` to return `Audio: <title> by <speaker>`.\n- Do not change `services/report_service.py` or `main.py`.\n\nClick Run and confirm the output panel shows lines for a book, a video, and the new audio item.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_line(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\"\n"},"models_audio_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Audio(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, speaker):\n pass\n\n def display_line(self):\n pass\n"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"def build_report(items):\n lines = []\n for item in items:\n lines.append(item.display_line())\n return lines\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_line(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\"\n"},"models_audio_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Audio(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, speaker):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.speaker = speaker\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Audio: {self.title} by {self.speaker}\"\n"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"def build_report(items):\n lines = []\n for item in items:\n lines.append(item.display_line())\n return lines\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Audio class."},"1":{"message":"Audio should be constructible with title and speaker."},"2":{"message":"Audio should store title and speaker."},"3":{"message":"Audio.display_line() should match the shared report contract."}}},"ci-catalog-baseitem-checkout":{"title":"Add a checkout message contract","prompt":"Practice a shared checkout-message contract in a small media catalog. In `models/base_item.py`, add `checkout_message()` that returns `<title> is ready`. In `models/book.py`, override it to return `Borrow book: <title>`. In `models/video.py`, override it to return `Play video: <title>`. Keep `services/checkout_service.py` generic so it loops through mixed objects and calls the shared method.","hint":"Read the task \"Add a checkout message contract\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Add a checkout message contract\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n pass\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n pass\n"},"services_checkout_service_py":{"content":"def collect_messages(items):\n messages = []\n for item in items:\n messages.append(item.checkout_message())\n return messages\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n return f\"{self.title} is ready\"\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n return f\"Borrow book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n return f\"Play video: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_checkout_service_py":{"content":"def collect_messages(items):\n messages = []\n for item in items:\n messages.append(item.checkout_message())\n return messages\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"BaseItem.checkout_message() should return the generic message."},"1":{"message":"Book.checkout_message() should return the book-specific message."},"2":{"message":"Video.checkout_message() should return the video-specific message."}}},"ci-catalog-export-labels":{"title":"Build export labels from mixed items","prompt":"The catalog app now needs export labels for storage. Finish the service so it works with mixed objects through the shared contract.\n\nTasks:\n- Keep `export_label()` in the base class and both subclasses.\n- In `services/export_service.py`, complete `join_labels(items)` so it returns one string with labels joined by ` | `.\n- The service must call `item.export_label()` on each object in the list.\n\nDo not change `main.py`. Click Run and check the output panel for the joined label string.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def export_label(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"BOOK-{self.title}\""},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"VIDEO-{self.title}\""},"services_export_service_py":{"content":"def join_labels(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def export_label(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"BOOK-{self.title}\""},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"VIDEO-{self.title}\""},"services_export_service_py":{"content":"def join_labels(items):\n labels = []\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.export_label())\n return \" | \".join(labels)"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))","checks":{"0":{"message":"join_labels() should join export labels from mixed items in order."}}}}},"inheritance-for-shared-behavior":{"label":"Inheritance for Shared Behavior","summary":"Use a parent class for genuinely shared state and behavior, then call `super().__init__` when a child constructor adds specialized state.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Inherit shared setup and behavior"},"sketch1":{"title":"Add child state with super()"},"sketch2":{"title":"Extend a parent method"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_inheritance_for_shared_behavior_sketch0":{"title":"Make Book inherit shared behavior","prompt":"`CatalogItem` already owns the shared `title` constructor and `label()` method. In `models/book.py`, make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem`. Do not add a `Book.__init__` or `Book.label()` yet; this exercise is about reusing the parent's existing setup and behavior. Leave `main.py` and `models/catalog_item.py` unchanged.","hint":"Put the parent class in parentheses in the `Book` class header.","help":{"concept":"A child class inherits available parent behavior. With no child constructor or label method, `Book` can use the parent's versions.","hint_1":"The parent class is `CatalogItem`.","hint_2":"Change only the `Book` class header; keep the body as `pass`."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n# Make Book inherit from CatalogItem.\nclass Book:\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n pass\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` defined in `models/book.py`."},"1":{"message":"The inherited parent constructor should make `Book(title)` constructible."},"2":{"message":"A `Book` should inherit the parent's `title` state."},"3":{"message":"A `Book` should inherit the parent's `label()` behavior."}},"expectedOutput":"Dune","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem` in the class header."}}},"try_inheritance_for_shared_behavior_sketch1":{"title":"Add Book-specific state with super()","prompt":"`Book` already inherits from `CatalogItem`. In `models/book.py`, define `__init__(self, title, author)`. Call `super().__init__(title)` so the parent owns the shared title setup, then store the Book-specific author on `self.author`. Do not duplicate `self.title = title` inside `Book`. Leave `main.py` and `models/catalog_item.py` unchanged.","hint":"Let the parent initialize the shared title first, then store only the child-specific author.","help":{"concept":"`super().__init__` lets a child constructor reuse parent setup instead of copying the parent's initialization logic.","hint_1":"Call the parent constructor with the shared `title` value.","hint_2":"After the super call, assign `author` to `self.author`."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n # Call the parent constructor for the shared title setup.\n # Then store the Book-specific author.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` defined in `models/book.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Book` should accept both shared title and child-specific author state."},"2":{"message":"The finished `Book` should contain both inherited title and author state."},"3":{"message":"The constructor should work for other valid book data too."},"4":{"message":"Inherited and child-specific state should remain available on unseen data."}},"expectedOutput":"The Martian\nAndy Weir","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem`."},"1":{"message":"Call `super().__init__(title)` for the shared parent setup."},"2":{"message":"Store the child-specific `author` on `self.author`."}}},"try_inheritance_for_shared_behavior_sketch2":{"title":"Extend a parent method with super()","prompt":"Add `label(self)` to `Book`. Start with `base_label = super().label()`, then return `f\"{base_label} by {self.author}\"`. In `main.py`, create `Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")` and print its label.","hint":"Call `super().label()` to reuse the parent result before adding the author.","help":{"concept":"A child can override a method and still reuse the parent implementation. `super().label()` gets the parent result; the child adds its specialized detail.","hint_1":"Keep the Book constructor that calls `super().__init__(title)`.","hint_2":"Return the parent label followed by ` by ` and the author."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\n# Create The Hobbit and print the extended label.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\n# Create Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\").\n# Print book.label().\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n # TODO: reuse the parent label and add the author.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")\nprint(book.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n base_label = super().label()\n return f\"{base_label} by {self.author}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Book should accept title and author."},"1":{"message":"Book.label() should extend the parent label with the author."},"2":{"message":"Create the Book object in main.py."},"3":{"message":"Print the extended label."}},"expectedOutput":"The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien"}},"practice":{"sc-inheritance-shared-work":{"title":"When does a parent class help?","prompt":"When is inheritance a good fit for shared setup?","hint":"Use a parent for behavior or state that is genuinely common to related child classes.","help":{"concept":"Inheritance is useful when related classes can reuse meaningful shared state or behavior.","hint_1":"The shared code should belong naturally to the parent concept.","hint_2":"Do not introduce inheritance just to avoid a few unrelated lines."},"options":{"a":"Whenever two unrelated classes happen to contain the same number of lines.","b":"When related classes genuinely share state or behavior that belongs in one parent.","c":"Whenever every child must eventually produce identical output.","d":"Only when no objects will ever be created."}},"fb-inheritance-subclass-name":{"title":"Reuse the parent constructor","prompt":"Complete the child constructor so it delegates the shared `title` setup to the parent.","hint":"Use the function that gives access to the next implementation in the inheritance chain.","help":{"concept":"`super()` lets the child reuse parent initialization without naming or copying the parent implementation.","hint_1":"The call is followed by `.__init__(title)`.","hint_2":"Include the parentheses in `super()`."},"template":"[blank1].__init__(title)","choices":["super()","self","CatalogItem()","parent"]},"dr-inheritance-build-order":{"title":"Order a child constructor","prompt":"Put these steps in a clear order.","hint":"Connect the child to the parent before adding child-only state.","help":{"concept":"The child class inherits first, then its constructor calls the parent setup, then it stores specialized state.","hint_1":"The class header comes first.","hint_2":"Call super before using the completed object."},"tokens":{"t1":"Define the child class with the parent in parentheses","t2":"Define the child constructor","t3":"Call `super().__init__(...)` for shared setup","t4":"Store the child-specific attributes"}},"sc-inheritance-method-reuse":{"title":"Place shared and specialized state","prompt":"`CatalogItem` stores `title`, while only `Book` has an `author`. Which design best matches those responsibilities?","hint":"Put genuinely shared state on the parent and child-only state on the child.","help":{"concept":"A parent owns shared state; a child adds only the state or behavior that makes it more specific.","hint_1":"Every catalog item needs a title.","hint_2":"Only books need the author field in this example."},"options":{"a":"Store both title and author only on `CatalogItem`, even for non-books.","b":"Store title independently in every child and leave the parent empty.","c":"Let `CatalogItem` initialize title, then let `Book` add author after calling `super().__init__(title)`.","d":"Put both values in `main.py` and keep them off the objects."}},"ci-inheritance-mixed-count-service":{"title":"Count mixed catalog items with one shared method","prompt":"You are building a quick inventory summary. `Book` and `Movie` should both inherit from `CatalogItem`, and `CatalogItem` should define `is_available()` that returns `True` when `stock > 0`. In `services/inventory_service.py`, complete `count_available(items)` so it returns how many objects in the mixed list are available. In `main.py`, use `Book(\"Dune\", 3)` and `Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)` and print the count. This matters because one shared base method lets a service work across different subclasses.","hint":"Give both subclasses the same inherited availability rule, then count how many return `True`.","help":{"concept":"A shared base-class method creates a common contract for subclasses. Services can then loop through mixed objects and call the same method on each one.","hint_1":"`is_available()` should check the stored `stock` value in the base class.","hint_2":"In the service function, increase the count only when `item.is_available()` is true."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, stock):\n self.title = title\n self.stock = stock\n\n def is_available(self):\n return self.stock > 0"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"services_inventory_service_py":{"content":"def count_available(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, stock):\n self.title = title\n self.stock = stock\n\n def is_available(self):\n return self.stock > 0"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"services_inventory_service_py":{"content":"def count_available(items):\n return sum(1 for item in items if item.is_available())"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Book should inherit is_available() and return True when stock is above zero."},"1":{"message":"Movie should inherit is_available() and return False when stock is zero."},"2":{"message":"count_available(items) should count available objects in a mixed list."}}},"ci-inheritance-shared-price-method":{"title":"Share a discount method through inheritance","prompt":"You are updating prices in a shop catalog. In `models/base_item.py`, complete `CatalogItem` so it stores `title` and `price`, and add `discounted_price(percent)` that returns the reduced price. In `models/book.py`, make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem` and add `author`. In `main.py`, create `Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")` and print the result of `discounted_price(20)`. This matters because shared business rules belong in the base class instead of being copied into every subclass.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n pass\n\n def discounted_price(self, percent):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, price, author):\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price\n\n def discounted_price(self, percent):\n return self.price * (1 - percent / 100)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, price, author):\n super().__init__(title, price)\n self.author = author\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem` in the class header."}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define CatalogItem in models/base_item.py."},"1":{"message":"Define Book in models/book.py."},"2":{"message":"A Book should inherit discounted_price() from CatalogItem and calculate the reduced price correctly."}}},"practice-inherit-shared-label":{"title":"Inherit a shared label method","prompt":"Define a base class `Vehicle` that stores `name` and has `label()` returning `Vehicle: <name>`. Define `Bike(Vehicle)` without rewriting `label()`. Create `Bike(\"Comet\")` and print its inherited label.","hint":"The subclass can use the base constructor and method without defining them again.","help":{"concept":"Inheritance lets a subclass reuse behavior that is genuinely shared with its base class.","hint_1":"The subclass can use the base constructor and method without defining them again.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n # store the shared name\n pass\n\n def label(self):\n # return Vehicle: <name>\n pass\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n # store the shared name\n pass\n\n def label(self):\n # return Vehicle: <name>\n pass\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Vehicle: {self.name}\"\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Vehicle: {self.name}\"\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n"}}}}},"module-9-greenhouse-sensor-project":{"label":"Module 9 Greenhouse Sensor Project","summary":"Build a greenhouse monitor that lets temperature and humidity sensors share one contract and one reporting flow.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Greenhouse Sensor Monitor"}},"projectSteps":{"greenhouse_project_step_1_base_and_temperature":{"title":"Milestone 1: Build the Sensor contract"},"greenhouse_project_step_2_add_humidity_override":{"title":"Milestone 2: Add HumiditySensor"},"greenhouse_project_step_3_mixed_sensor_loop":{"title":"Milestone 3: Use one polymorphic sensor loop"},"greenhouse_project_step_4_monitor_class_report":{"title":"Milestone 4: Give the monitor collection ownership"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"greenhouse_project_step_1_base_and_temperature":{"title":"Milestone 1: build the abstract Sensor contract","prompt":"Complete the first greenhouse milestone. In `models/sensor.py`, make `Sensor` inherit from `ABC`, keep the constructor that stores `zone`, and make `reading(self)` an `@abstractmethod`. In `models/temperature_sensor.py`, keep `TemperatureSensor(Sensor)`, call `super().__init__(zone)`, store `celsius`, and implement `reading()` so it returns `Temperature: <zone> = <value> C`. In `main.py`, create the sensor from the provided input values and print its reading. Leave the future humidity/monitor placeholder files unchanged.","hint":"Retrieve the patterns from the inheritance and ABC lessons: the parent owns shared `zone` setup; the concrete child supplies `reading()`.","help":{"concept":"This milestone combines an enforceable abstract contract with shared parent setup and one concrete implementation.","hint_1":"Import `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`.","hint_2":"Use `super().__init__(zone)` instead of copying `self.zone = zone` into the child."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\n# Create the TemperatureSensor and print its reading.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\n# Create the TemperatureSensor and print its reading.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"# Make Sensor an abstract base class with a required reading() method.\nclass Sensor:\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n # Reuse Sensor's zone setup, then store celsius.\n pass\n\n def reading(self):\n # Return: Temperature: <zone> = <celsius> C\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"TemperatureSensor should be concrete and constructible."},"1":{"message":"Keep shared `zone` state and child-specific `celsius` state."},"2":{"message":"TemperatureSensor.reading() must use the object's actual state."},"3":{"message":"TemperatureSensor.reading() must work for other valid readings."},"4":{"message":"TemperatureSensor should accept zone and celsius."},"5":{"message":"TemperatureSensor should store its state and return the expected reading."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`."},"1":{"message":"Make `Sensor` inherit from `ABC`."},"2":{"message":"Make `reading(self)` an abstract method."},"3":{"message":"Keep `TemperatureSensor` inheriting from `Sensor`."},"4":{"message":"Reuse the parent constructor with `super().__init__(zone)`."},"5":{"message":"Implement the concrete `reading(self)` method."}}},"greenhouse_project_step_2_add_humidity_override":{"title":"Milestone 2: add a second concrete sensor","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 1 workspace. Complete `models/humidity_sensor.py` with `HumiditySensor(Sensor)`. Its constructor must call `super().__init__(zone)` and store `percent`; `reading(self)` must return `Humidity: <zone> = <percent>%`. Update `main.py` to read the provided temperature and humidity values, create both sensor objects, and print both readings. Keep the existing `Sensor` and `TemperatureSensor` implementations unchanged.","hint":"HumiditySensor follows the same inherited setup contract as TemperatureSensor, but owns different child state and output.","help":{"concept":"Sibling subclasses can reuse the same parent setup while specializing the same required method.","hint_1":"Use `class HumiditySensor(Sensor)`.","hint_2":"Call `super().__init__(zone)` before storing `percent`."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 2.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the completed TemperatureSensor behavior working."},"1":{"message":"HumiditySensor should be concrete and constructible."},"2":{"message":"Keep shared `zone` state and child-specific `percent` state."},"3":{"message":"HumiditySensor.reading() must use the object's actual state."},"4":{"message":"HumiditySensor.reading() must work for other valid readings."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C\nHumidity: Seedling Bench = 64%","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `HumiditySensor` inherit from `Sensor`."},"1":{"message":"Reuse the shared parent setup with `super().__init__(zone)`."},"2":{"message":"Implement the humidity-specific `reading(self)` method."}}},"greenhouse_project_step_3_mixed_sensor_loop":{"title":"Milestone 3: use one polymorphic sensor loop","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 2 workspace. In `main.py`, replace the two separate sensor variables/print calls with one `sensors` list containing the `TemperatureSensor` and `HumiditySensor`. Use one `for` loop over `sensors` and call the current object's shared `reading()` method. Do not branch with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate Temperature/Humidity cases. Keep all model files unchanged.","hint":"The caller should trust the `reading()` contract instead of asking which sensor subclass it received.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves branch-free polymorphism: different objects, one shared method contract, one caller.","hint_1":"Create one mixed `sensors = [...]` list.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, use `sensor.reading()`."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep TemperatureSensor's specialized behavior working."},"1":{"message":"Keep HumiditySensor's specialized behavior working."},"2":{"message":"TemperatureSensor.reading() should still return the expected reading."},"3":{"message":"HumiditySensor.reading() should still return the expected reading."},"4":{"message":"Print both readings from one shared loop."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C\nHumidity: Seedling Bench = 64%","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use one `for` loop over the mixed `sensors` collection."},"1":{"message":"Call the shared `reading()` method inside the loop without concrete-type branching."}}},"greenhouse_project_step_4_monitor_class_report":{"title":"Milestone 4: give GreenhouseMonitor collection ownership","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 3 workspace. Complete `models/greenhouse_monitor.py`. `GreenhouseMonitor.__init__()` must create an empty `self.sensors` list; `add_sensor(self, sensor)` must append the object; and `print_report(self)` must use one loop over `self.sensors` and print each object's shared `reading()` result. Update `main.py` so it creates the monitor, adds the temperature and humidity sensors, and calls `monitor.print_report()`. Do not branch on sensor types. Keep the completed Sensor subclasses unchanged.","hint":"Retrieve the responsibility boundary from Module 8: the monitor owns the collection; each sensor still owns how its own reading is formatted.","help":{"concept":"The final class owns collection coordination while remaining polymorphic—it depends only on each object's `reading()` behavior.","hint_1":"Initialize `self.sensors = []`.","hint_2":"Append in `add_sensor()` and call `sensor.reading()` inside one report loop."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"},"models_greenhouse_monitor_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\nfrom models.greenhouse_monitor import GreenhouseMonitor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nmonitor = GreenhouseMonitor()\nmonitor.add_sensor(TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius))\nmonitor.add_sensor(HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent))\nmonitor.print_report()\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\nfrom models.greenhouse_monitor import GreenhouseMonitor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nmonitor = GreenhouseMonitor()\nmonitor.add_sensor(TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius))\nmonitor.add_sensor(HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent))\nmonitor.print_report()\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"},"models_greenhouse_monitor_py":{"content":"class GreenhouseMonitor:\n def __init__(self):\n self.sensors = []\n\n def add_sensor(self, sensor):\n self.sensors.append(sensor)\n\n def print_report(self):\n for sensor in self.sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"GreenhouseMonitor should be constructible without arguments."},"1":{"message":"Each monitor should own a `sensors` collection."},"2":{"message":"Keep the temperature subclass working after the monitor refactor."},"3":{"message":"Keep the humidity subclass working after the monitor refactor."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C\nHumidity: Seedling Bench = 64%","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `GreenhouseMonitor` in its model file."},"1":{"message":"Give each monitor its own empty `sensors` list."},"2":{"message":"`add_sensor()` should append the object it receives."},"3":{"message":"`print_report()` should use one shared `reading()` call without concrete-type branching."}}}}}},"overriding-and-specialization":{"label":"Overriding and Specialization","summary":"Override inherited behavior by keeping the same public method name while a subclass supplies a more specific implementation.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Override inherited behavior"},"sketch1":{"title":"Override the method in one subclass"},"sketch2":{"title":"Specialize more than one subclass"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_overriding_and_specialization_sketch0":{"title":"Override label() on Book","prompt":"`Book` already inherits from `CatalogItem`, and `main.py` is complete. In `models/book.py`, override the inherited `label(self)` method so a `Book` returns `Book: ` followed by that object's title. Keep the method name `label`, keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem`, and leave `models/catalog_item.py` and `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Define `label(self)` inside `Book`. The child method should use `self.title` and return the specialized text.","help":{"concept":"An override uses the same method name as the inherited method but provides subclass-specific behavior.","hint_1":"Keep `class Book(CatalogItem)` unchanged.","hint_2":"Define `label(self)` directly inside `Book` and use `self.title`."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n # Override label() here.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the parent `CatalogItem.label()` behavior unchanged."},"1":{"message":"`Book.label()` should specialize the visible title."},"2":{"message":"`Book.label()` should use the object's actual title, not a hard-coded example."},"3":{"message":"The override should work for other valid titles too."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Project Hail Mary","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem` so `label()` is a real override."},"1":{"message":"Define `label(self)` directly on `Book`."}}},"try_overriding_and_specialization_sketch1":{"title":"Override label() for Movie","prompt":"Use the same overriding pattern with another catalog type. In `models/movie.py`, override `label()` so `Movie(\"Inside Out\")` returns `Movie: Inside Out`. Then finish `main.py` by creating the movie and printing its label.","hint":"Book and Movie should both use `label()`, but each one can return a different kind of label.","help":{"concept":"Two subclasses can share a method name while producing different results. That sets up polymorphism in the next topic.","hint_1":"The method name should still be `label()`.","hint_2":"Return `Movie: ` followed by `self.title`."},"starterCode":"from models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create Movie(\"Inside Out\").\n# TODO: print the movie label.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create Movie(\"Inside Out\").\n# TODO: print the movie label.\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"# Keep models/catalog_item.py unchanged for this step: Override label() for Movie.\nclass CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n # TODO: override label() so it returns \"Movie: <title>\".\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.movie import Movie\n\nmovie = Movie(\"Inside Out\")\nprint(movie.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.movie import Movie\n\nmovie = Movie(\"Inside Out\")\nprint(movie.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Movie.label() should return the movie-specific label."}},"expectedOutput":"Movie: Inside Out"},"try_overriding_and_specialization_sketch2":{"title":"Print both specialized labels","prompt":"Now use both specialized child classes. The `Book` and `Movie` classes are provided. In `main.py`, create `Book(\"Coraline\")` and `Movie(\"Coco\")`, then print each object's `label()` result on its own line.","hint":"Create one Book and one Movie. Call `.label()` on each object.","help":{"concept":"The call looks the same for both objects, but each subclass decides what its own label should look like.","hint_1":"Use `book.label()` for the first line.","hint_2":"Use `movie.label()` for the second line."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create a Book for \"Coraline\".\n# TODO: create a Movie for \"Coco\".\n# TODO: print each object's label on its own line.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create a Book for \"Coraline\".\n# TODO: create a Movie for \"Coco\".\n# TODO: print each object's label on its own line.\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"# Keep models/catalog_item.py unchanged for this step: Print both specialized labels.\nclass CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Keep models/book.py unchanged for this step: Print both specialized labels.\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"# Keep models/movie.py unchanged for this step: Print both specialized labels.\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook = Book(\"Coraline\")\nmovie = Movie(\"Coco\")\nprint(book.label())\nprint(movie.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook = Book(\"Coraline\")\nmovie = Movie(\"Coco\")\nprint(book.label())\nprint(movie.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Book.label() should stay specialized."},"1":{"message":"Movie.label() should stay specialized."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Coraline\nMovie: Coco"}},"practice":{"sc-overriding-purpose":{"title":"Why override an inherited method?","prompt":"`CatalogItem.label()` returns only the title. Why should `Book` override `label()` instead of inventing a different method name?","hint":"The caller should keep using the same public behavior.","help":{"concept":"Overriding preserves the inherited method contract while allowing the subclass to specialize its implementation.","hint_1":"The method name stays `label`.","hint_2":"The child can return a more specific result."},"options":{"a":"To stop `Book` from inheriting from `CatalogItem`","b":"To force callers to learn a new method name for every subclass","c":"To keep the `label()` contract while giving `Book` book-specific behavior","d":"To remove the title state inherited from `CatalogItem`"}},"fb-overriding-method-name":{"title":"Keep the inherited method name","prompt":"Complete the method name so `Book` overrides the method it inherits from `CatalogItem`.","hint":"An override uses the same method name as the parent.","help":{"concept":"Python recognizes the subclass implementation as an override because it uses the same method name.","hint_1":"The parent method is named `label`.","hint_2":"Do not rename it to `book_label`."},"template":"class Book(CatalogItem):\n def [blank1](self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"","choices":["label","book_label","title","__init__"]},"dr-overriding-workflow":{"title":"Order the override steps","prompt":"Put the beginner workflow in order.","hint":"Begin with the base method, then specialize it in subclasses.","help":{"concept":"It is easiest to override after the base behavior already exists.","hint_1":"The shared method comes first.","hint_2":"Printing the result comes after the subclass method is ready."},"tokens":{"t1":"Write `label()` in CatalogItem","t2":"Create `Book.label()` with a book-specific return value","t3":"Create `Movie.label()` with a movie-specific return value","t4":"Make objects and print both labels"}},"sc-overriding-shared-contract":{"title":"Which label() runs?","prompt":"`CatalogItem.label()` returns `self.title`, while `Book.label()` returns `Book: ` plus the title. What does `Book(\"Coraline\").label()` return?","hint":"Python looks on the subclass before falling back to the parent.","help":{"concept":"When a subclass overrides a method, calls on that subclass use the subclass implementation.","hint_1":"`Book` defines its own `label()`.","hint_2":"The result includes the `Book: ` prefix."},"options":{"a":"Coraline","b":"Book: Coraline","c":"CatalogItem: Coraline","d":"Python raises an error because both classes define `label()`"}},"catalog-step-book-and-movie":{"title":"Specialize labels for two catalog subclasses","prompt":"You are extending a media catalog. The base `CatalogItem` already stores `title`. Complete both subclasses so they reuse the parent constructor and override `display_name()`: `BookItem` should return `\"<title> by <author>\"`, and `MovieItem` should return `\"<title> (<minutes> min)\"`. The workspace already includes a small `main.py` that prints both labels.","hint":"Both subclasses share the same method name, but each one formats the result differently.","help":{"concept":"Different subclasses can override the same base method in different ways while still fitting the same base-class contract.","hint_1":"Use `super().__init__(title)` in both subclass constructors before storing the extra field.","hint_2":"Write one `display_name()` method in each subclass, each returning its own specialized string format."},"starterCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n pass"},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\""},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a BookItem class."},"1":{"message":"Define a MovieItem class."},"2":{"message":"BookItem.display_name() should return the book label."},"3":{"message":"MovieItem.display_name() should return the movie label."}}},"catalog-step-mixed-report":{"title":"Build a report from mixed specialized items","prompt":"Build a mixed catalog report without checking object types manually. The workspace includes a base `CatalogItem` plus `BookItem` and `MovieItem` subclasses that all provide `display_name()`. Complete `build_display_report(items)` in `services/reporting.py` so it returns each item's display label in order. `main.py` will print the returned lines.","hint":"Loop through the mixed list and call the same `display_name()` method on every item.","help":{"concept":"Polymorphic services work by calling the same method on mixed related objects, while overriding lets each subclass provide its own specialized output.","hint_1":"Make sure each subclass overrides `display_name()` correctly before writing the service loop.","hint_2":"In the service function, iterate through `items` and append `item.display_name()` for each object in order."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\""},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\""},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def build_display_report(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\""},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\""},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def build_display_report(items):\n return [item.display_name() for item in items]"}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)"},"practice-specialized-display-label":{"title":"Override a display label in one subclass","prompt":"Define a base class `MediaItem` that stores `title` and has `display()` returning `Item: <title>`. Define `Song(MediaItem)` and override `display()` so it returns `Song: <title>`. Print the display text for one base item and one song.","hint":"Keep the shared version on the base class, then redefine only `display()` inside `Song`.","help":{"concept":"Overriding lets a subclass specialize one inherited behavior while keeping the rest of the shared base-class structure.","hint_1":"Keep the shared version on the base class, then redefine only `display()` inside `Song`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n # return Item: <title>\n pass\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n # return Song: <title>\n pass\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n # return Item: <title>\n pass\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n # return Song: <title>\n pass\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n return f\"Song: {self.title}\"\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n return f\"Song: {self.title}\"\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n"}}}}},"polymorphic-collections":{"label":"Polymorphic Collections","summary":"Use one shared method call across mixed objects so callers do not need type-specific branches.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"One loop, one shared method"},"sketch1":{"title":"Move the shared contract into a service"},"sketch2":{"title":"Move the loop into a helper"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_polymorphic_collections_sketch0":{"title":"Use one loop for Book and Movie","prompt":"`catalog` already contains one `Book` and one `Movie`, and both classes already provide `label()`. In `main.py`, use one `for` loop over `catalog`. Inside that loop, call the current object's shared `label()` method and print the returned label. Do not branch on the concrete type with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate Book/Movie cases.","hint":"The loop should trust the shared method. Each item can answer `label()` without the caller first asking what class it is.","help":{"concept":"Polymorphism lets one caller use the same method on different object types. The object itself chooses the appropriate implementation.","hint_1":"Loop directly over `catalog`.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, use the current object's `label()` result."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\n# Use one for loop over catalog.\n# Call the shared label() method for each item and print the result.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\n# Use one for loop over catalog.\n# Call the shared label() method for each item and print the result.\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\nfor item in catalog:\n print(item.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\nfor item in catalog:\n print(item.label())\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Book object in the mixed list."},"1":{"message":"Keep the Movie object in the mixed list."},"2":{"message":"Print both labels from the loop."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Coraline\nMovie: Arrival","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use one `for` loop over `catalog` so the same caller handles both object types."},"1":{"message":"Inside that loop, print the current object's `label()` result without branching on its concrete type."}}},"try_polymorphic_collections_sketch1":{"title":"Build a polymorphic catalog-report service","prompt":"`main.py`, `Book`, and `Movie` are already complete. In `services/catalog_report.py`, complete `build_labels(items)` so it returns one list containing each object's `label()` result in the same order as the input collection. Use one `for` loop over `items` and the shared `label()` method. The service must not branch on concrete types with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate Book/Movie cases.","hint":"The service should know only that each item has `label()`. It should not need to know which concrete class supplied that method.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic service depends on shared behavior. New compatible classes can be added without adding another type-specific branch.","hint_1":"Iterate over `items` and collect each item's `label()` result.","hint_2":"Return the finished list after the loop."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n\n # Use one for loop over items.\n # Add each object's label() result to labels.\n\n return labels\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.label())\n\n return labels\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both labels so main.py can print two lines."},"1":{"message":"Keep the Movie object in the mixed list."},"2":{"message":"Print both labels from the loop."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Dune\nMovie: Arrival","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"`build_labels(items)` should use one shared `label()` call inside a loop and return the collected labels without concrete-type branches."}}},"try_polymorphic_collections_sketch2":{"title":"Return labels from a helper","prompt":"Complete `build_labels(items)` in `services/catalog_report.py`. It must loop through the supplied items, collect each `item.label()` result in order, and return the list. `main.py` is already wired to print the returned labels.","hint":"Start with an empty list, append `item.label()` inside a loop, and return the finished list.","help":{"concept":"A reusable helper can depend on the shared `label()` behavior without knowing whether an item is a Book or Movie.","hint_1":"Start with an empty list, append `item.label()` inside a loop, and return the finished list.","hint_2":"Use the requested file boundary as part of the solution contract."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided script after completing the helper.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided script after completing the helper.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Keep the provided Book model unchanged.\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"# Keep the provided Movie model unchanged.\nclass Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n # TODO: return a list containing item.label() for every item.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.label())\n return labels\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both labels so main.py can print two lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: A Wrinkle in Time\nMovie: Up"}},"practice":{"sc-polymorphism-mixed-list":{"title":"Why use the shared method?","prompt":"A list contains `Book` and `Movie` objects, and both provide `label()`. What is the main polymorphic advantage?","hint":"Think about what the caller no longer needs to know.","help":{"concept":"Polymorphism lets the caller depend on shared behavior instead of branching on each concrete class.","hint_1":"The caller can make the same method call for every item.","hint_2":"The object decides which implementation runs."},"options":{"a":"Every object in the list must be the same concrete class","b":"One caller can use `label()` without checking whether an item is a Book or Movie","c":"Python automatically converts every object into the parent class","d":"The loop no longer needs to call any methods"}},"fb-polymorphism-shared-call":{"title":"Recognize polymorphic callers","prompt":"Which TWO designs rely on the shared `label()` behavior instead of concrete-type branching?","hint":"Choose callers that treat every compatible object through the same method.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic caller asks for shared behavior. It does not need a separate Book path and Movie path.","hint_1":"A direct `item.label()` call is the shared contract.","hint_2":"Reject designs whose logic changes after checking the concrete class."},"template":"for item in catalog:\n print(item.[blank1]())","choices":["label","title","Book","super"],"options":{"a":"Loop through `catalog` and use each item's `label()` method","b":"Use `isinstance()` to choose a Book branch or Movie branch","c":"Pass the mixed collection to a helper that calls `label()` on each item","d":"Check `type(item)` and manually build a different label for every class"}},"dr-polymorphism-loop-order":{"title":"Order the loop steps","prompt":"Put these steps in order for a polymorphic helper.","hint":"Start with the list, then loop, then call the shared method.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic helper follows a simple receive-loop-call-store pattern.","hint_1":"The list comes before the loop.","hint_2":"The append step happens after the method returns a value."},"tokens":{"t1":"Receive the mixed items list","t2":"Loop through each item","t3":"Call `item.label()`","t4":"Add the returned label to the results list"}},"sc-polymorphism-no-type-check":{"title":"Complete the shared call","prompt":"Complete the method name so the same loop works for every compatible object in `catalog`.","hint":"Use the method contract shared by Book and Movie.","help":{"concept":"The shared method name is what allows one loop to remain unaware of the concrete object type.","hint_1":"Both classes provide the same labeling behavior.","hint_2":"The loop should call `item.label()`."},"options":{"a":"Write a separate loop for every subclass forever","b":"Rename the method in each subclass so they are all different","c":"Check each object type before every method call","d":"Call the same method on each object in the mixed list"},"template":"for item in catalog:\n print(item.[blank1]())","choices":["label","book_label","movie_label","__class__"]},"project-polymorphic-collections-step4":{"title":"Add a new subclass without changing the service","prompt":"Add a `Magazine` object to a mixed collection that already contains book and video objects. Complete `Magazine.display_name()` so the same loop can call `display_name()` on every item and print three labels. The magazine label should be `Magazine: Science Weekly`.","hint":"Give `Magazine` the same method name used by the other objects in the collection.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())"},"models_magazine_py":{"content":"class Magazine:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())"},"models_magazine_py":{"content":"class Magazine:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Magazine: {self.title}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())"},"project-polymorphic-collections-step5":{"title":"Build a checkout summary from mixed rentals","prompt":"A rental desk stores book and movie rentals in the same list. Complete `checkout_line()` in both classes so one loop can print a line for each object without checking its type. Use the formats `Book rental: <title> (<days> days)` and `Movie rental: <title> (<days> days)`.","hint":"Both classes need the same method name, but each can format its own label.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())"},"models_book_rental_py":{"content":"class BookRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n pass"},"models_movie_rental_py":{"content":"class MovieRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())"},"models_book_rental_py":{"content":"class BookRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n return f\"Book rental: {self.title} ({self.days} days)\""},"models_movie_rental_py":{"content":"class MovieRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n return f\"Movie rental: {self.title} ({self.days} days)\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())"},"project-polymorphic-collections-step6":{"title":"Create a stock alert service for mixed inventory items","prompt":"A store keeps book and supply objects in one inventory list. Complete each class's `alert_line()` method and `low_stock_lines(items)` so the service returns alerts only for objects whose `quantity` is below 3. The service should call the shared `alert_line()` method instead of checking item types.","hint":"Filter by the shared `quantity` attribute, then call `alert_line()` on each matching object.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"class BookItem:\n def __init__(self, title, quantity):\n self.title = title\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n pass"},"models_supply_item_py":{"content":"class SupplyItem:\n def __init__(self, name, quantity):\n self.name = name\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n pass"},"services_alert_service_py":{"content":"def low_stock_lines(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"class BookItem:\n def __init__(self, title, quantity):\n self.title = title\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n return f\"LOW STOCK: Book {self.title} has {self.quantity} left\""},"models_supply_item_py":{"content":"class SupplyItem:\n def __init__(self, name, quantity):\n self.name = name\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n return f\"LOW STOCK: Supply {self.name} has {self.quantity} left\""},"services_alert_service_py":{"content":"def low_stock_lines(items):\n return [item.alert_line() for item in items if item.quantity < 3]"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)"}}}}},"python-data-functions":{"python-5-lists-tuples-and-dictionaries":{"creating-and-indexing-lists":{"label":"Kreye ak Endekse Lis","summary":"Kreye lis epi jwenn atik yo dapre pozisyon yo.","cards":{"course-introduction":{"title":"Course introduction"},"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon lis ye"},"sketch1":{"title":"Kijan endeksasyon mache"},"sketch2":{"title":"Itilize valè lis nan sòti"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Lis Debaz Pratik"}},"quiz":{"sc-first-index":{"title":"Endèks premye atik","prompt":"Ki endèks ki pran premye atik la nan yon lis Python?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"options":{"a":"Zewo","b":"Youn","c":"-Youn","d":"premye"}},"sc-whole-list":{"title":"Kreye yon lis","prompt":"Ki liy kòd la ki kreye kòrèkteman yon lis ki gen valè 3, 5, ak 7?","hint":"Chèche kwochè kare ki gen valè separe pa virg.","help":{"concept":"Lis Python yo ekri ak kròche kare alantou atik òdone ki separe pa virg.","hint_1":"Parantèz ak kròche kreye diferan kalite estrikti.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki itilize `[` ak `]` ak `3, 5, 7` andedan."},"options":{"a":"nimewo = [3, 5, 7]","b":"nimewo = 3, 5, 7, lis","c":"numbers = {3, 5, 7}","d":"numbers = \"3, 5, 7\""}},"mc-valid-index-expressions":{"title":"Aksè valab nan lis la","prompt":"Chwazi tout ekspresyon ki jwenn aksè kòrèkteman ak yon atik nan `letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]`.","hint":"Yon aksè valab itilize non lis la swiv pa yon endèks nan kwochè.","help":{"concept":"Pou jwenn yon atik nan lis la, Python itilize sentaks `list_name[index]` ak yon endèks nimerik.","hint_1":"Tcheke ki chwa ki itilize kwochè apre `letters`.","hint_2":"De chwa yo itilize modèl endeksasyon kòrèk la epi yo refere a pozisyon reyèl nan lis twa atik sa a."},"options":{"a":"lèt[0]","b":"lèt[2]","c":"lèt(1)"}},"mc-true-about-lists":{"title":"Reyalite sou lis","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou lis Python yo.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Lis kenbe bagay yo an lòd.","b":"Premye atik nan yon lis gen endèks 0.","c":"Lis yo dwe gen sèlman chif.","d":"Kranpon kare yo itilize pou kreye lis."}},"dr-build-list-line":{"title":"Konstwi lis la liy pa liy","prompt":"Mete jeton yo nan lòd pou kreye yon liy kòd ki estoke `\"pen\"`, `\"pencil\"`, ak `\"eraser\"` nan yon lis ki rele `items`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Atik","t2":"=","t3":"[","t4":"plim","t5":",","t6":"kreyon","t7":"bwòch","t8":"]"}},"dr-index-output-order":{"title":"Kòmande rezilta yo","prompt":"A program runs this code:\n\n`colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]`\n`print(colors[2])`\n`print(colors[0])`\n`print(colors[1])`\n\nArrange the printed lines in the order they appear in the output panel.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki mete aksyon Python an an plas.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste anvan yo apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"vèt","t2":"wouj","t3":"ble"}},"fb-second-item":{"title":"Chwazi dezyèm atik la.","prompt":"Konplete kòd la pou enprime dezyèm atik ki nan lis la.","hint":"Dezyèm atik la itilize endèks pou tèm ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Paske Python kòmanse endeksasyon nan 0, dezyèm atik la jwenn ak endèks tèm ki manke a.","hint_1":"Konte pozisyon yo kòm 0, tèm ki manke a, 2.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak endèks ki endike atik ki vin apre premye a."},"template":"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[[blank1]])","choices":["Zewo","Youn","de","twa"]},"fb-list-name":{"title":"Konplete lis la.","prompt":"Chwazi non varyab ki manke a pou lis la estoke nan`numbers`.","hint":"Se sèlman non ki devan `=` ki manke.","help":{"concept":"Nan yon asiyasyon, non varyab la ale sou bò gòch yon operatè asiyasyon (`=`) epi li resevwa valè lis la sou bò dwat.","hint_1":"Blank la ta dwe varyab ki pral kenbe valè a`[4, 8, 12]`.","hint_2":"Chwazi yon non varyab ki sansib, pa yon mo kle oswa yon fonksyon."},"template":"[blank1] = [4, 8, 12]","choices":["chif","Enprime","Endèks","lis()"]},"ci-print-first-last":{"title":"Enprime premye ak dènye atik lis la.","prompt":"Gen twa etikèt fwi ki vini youn apre lòt. Sere antre yo nan yon lis, epi enprime premye fwi a ak dènye fwi a sou liy separe.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se`apple`\n,`banana`\n, ak`cherry`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`apple`\n\n`cherry`\n.","hint":"Li tach la \"Enprime premye ak dènye atik lis la\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"word1 = input()\nword2 = input()\nword3 = input()\n\n# Store the words in a list.\n# Then print the first item and the last item on separate lines.","solutionCode":"word1 = input()\nword2 = input()\nword3 = input()\n\nwords = [word1, word2, word3]\nprint(words[0])\nprint(words[2])","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak endèks 0 pou li premye atik la olye pou enprime antre a dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon endèks pou li dènye atik la nan lis la."}}},"ci-print-second-number":{"title":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a","prompt":"Yon tablo afichaj voye twa chif nan lòd. Mete yo nan yon lis, epi enprime dezyèm eleman ki nan lis sa a.\n\nPa egzanp, si done antre yo se `4`, `9`, ak `2`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`9`.","hint":"Dezyèm atik nan yon lis se nan endèks 1.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\n# Put the numbers into a list.\n# Print the second item.","solutionCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\nnumbers = [a, b, c]\nprint(numbers[1])","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak endèks 1 pou li dezyèm atik la nan lis la."}}},"ci-build-and-show-list":{"title":"Bati yon lis apati de antre","prompt":"Yon etajè penti bezwen yon envantè rapid. Rasanble twa koulè antre yo nan yon sèl lis epi enprime lis final la.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `red`, `blue`, ak `green`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`['red', 'blue', 'green']`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp yo te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"color1 = input()\ncolor2 = input()\ncolor3 = input()\n\n# Create a list with the three colors.\n# Print the whole list.","solutionCode":"color1 = input()\ncolor2 = input()\ncolor3 = input()\n\ncolors = [color1, color2, color3]\nprint(colors)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye yon lis ak color1, color2, ak color3 anvan ou enprime li."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-checkpoint":{"title":"Endèks epi enprime valè lis la","prompt":"Kreye lis `[\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]`. Enprime premye non an, epi enprime siyati a.","hint":"Sèvi ak endèks `0` pou premye atik la ak `-1` pou dènye atik la.","help":{"concept":"Endeksasyon lis la pèmèt ou rekipere yon valè dapre pozisyon li.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak endèks `0` pou premye atik la ak `-1` pou dènye atik la.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"names = []\n\n# Create the list [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"].\n# Print the first name, then print the last name.\n","solutionCode":"names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]\nprint(names[0])\nprint(names[-1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye lis non yo olye de enprime sèlman repons final yo."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak names[0] pou enprime premye non an olye pou w tape Ava dirèkteman."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon endèks sou non yo pou enprime siyati a olye pou tape Zoe dirèkteman."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-sketch0":{"title":"Enprime premye atik lis la ak dènye atik lis la.","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks lis yo pou enprime premye ak dènye valè yo nan`items`.","hint":"Lis yo kenbe atik yo an lòd. Kòmanse pa enprime premye atik la nan atik yo.","help":{"concept":"Lis yo kenbe atik yo an lòd. Kòmanse pa enprime premye atik la nan atik yo.","hint_1":"Premye atik la se items[0]. Dènye atik la se items[-1].","hint_2":"Enprime chak valè sou pwòp liy li: premye wouj, apre sa vèt."},"starterCode":"items = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\n\n# Print the first item.\n# Then print the last item.\n","solutionCode":"items = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nprint(items[0])\nprint(items[-1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak items[0] pou premye atik la olye pou w tape red."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon endèks sou atik yo pou atik ki dènye a olye pou w tape green."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks `1` pou enprime dezyèm valè a nan `numbers`.","hint":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo ki nan lis la.","help":{"concept":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a nan lis la.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"numbers = [4, 9, 2]\n\n# Print the second number in the list.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [4, 9, 2]\nprint(numbers[1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize numbers[1] olye pou w tape 9 dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Use `stations[0]` to read the first station instead of hard-coding `Oak`."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-sketch2":{"title":"Konstwi epi enprime yon lis","prompt":"Kreye yon lis ki rele \"`names`\" ak de varyab yo, epi enprime li.","hint":"Bati yon lis ki rele names ak first ak second.","help":{"concept":"Bati yon lis ki rele names ak first ak second.","hint_1":"Bati yon lis ki rele names ki gen premye ak dezyèm, epi enprime names.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"first = 'Ava'\nsecond = 'Mia'\n\n# Build a list named names with first and second.\n# Then print names.\n","solutionCode":"first = 'Ava'\nsecond = 'Mia'\nnames = [first, second]\nprint(names)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Bati non yo apati varyab premye ak dezyèm, pa tape lis final la dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Use `stops[-1]` to read the final stop instead of printing `stop4` directly."}}},"sc-last-negative-index":{"title":"Read the last item","prompt":"Which expression gets the last item from `tasks` without needing to know how many items are in the list?","hint":"Python can count backward from the end of a list with negative indexes.","help":{"concept":"Index `-1` always refers to the final item in a non-empty list.","hint_1":"Positive indexes count from the beginning; negative indexes count from the end.","hint_2":"Use `tasks[-1]`."},"options":{"a":"tasks[-1]","b":"tasks[0]","c":"tasks[1]","d":"tasks[\"last\"]"}}},"tryIt":{"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye lis `[\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]`. Enprime premye non an, epi enprime siyati a."},"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks lis yo pou enprime premye ak dènye valè yo nan`items`."},"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks `1` pou enprime dezyèm valè a nan `numbers`."},"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye yon lis ki rele `names` ak de varyab yo, epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_print_first_last":{"title":"Enprime premye ak dènye atik lis la."},"ci_print_second_number":{"title":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a"},"ci_build_and_show_list":{"title":"Bati yon lis apati de antre"}}},"dictionary-basics":{"label":"Baz diksyonè","summary":"Sere ak rekipere valè lè w itilize kle.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon diksyonè ye"},"sketch1":{"title":"Chèche valè pa kle"},"sketch2":{"title":"Kreye ak mete ajou antre diksyonè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratik sou Baz Diksyonè"}},"quiz":{"sc-dict-best-choice":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon koleksyon an","prompt":"Ki koleksyon ki pi apwopriye pou estoke non yon moun, laj li, ak vil li ansanm ak etikèt pou chak valè?","hint":"Chwazi koleksyon ki estoke pè kle-valè ki make.","help":{"concept":"Diksyonè yo fèt pou done kote chak valè gen yon etikèt, tankou non, laj, oswa vil.","hint_1":"Yon lis estoke atik pa pozisyon, men kesyon sa a bezwen etikèt ki lye ak valè.","hint_2":"Chèche koleksyon ki pèmèt ou ekri kle tankou \"non\" ak \"laj\"."},"options":{"a":"Yon diksyonè","b":"Yon tup","c":"Yon sèl kòd","d":"Yon kantite"}},"sc-dict-lookup":{"title":"Li yon valè pa kle","prompt":"Bay `pet = {\"type\": \"cat\", \"age\": 3}`, ki ekspresyon bay valè `\"cat\"`?","hint":"Sèvi ak kle a, pa yon pozisyon nimerik.","help":{"concept":"Valè diksyonè yo jwenn ak kle yo andedan krèy kare.","hint_1":"Kle pou `\"cat\"` se `\"type\"`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak non diksyonè a, epi mete l ant kwochè kare ki gen kle chèn nan."},"options":{"a":"bèt[0]","b":"bèt kay(\"kalite\")","c":"tip[\"pet\"]","d":"type[\"pet\"]"}},"mc-dict-parts":{"title":"Idantifye pati diksyonè yo","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou diksyonè sa a ki kòrèk?\n\n`item = {\"name\": \"pen\", \"price\": 2}`\n\nChwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Separe kle yo ak valè yo nan chak pè.","help":{"concept":"Nan yon diksyonè, chak antre gen yon kle sou bò gòch kolon an ak yon valè sou bò dwat la.","hint_1":"Tcheke pè `\"name\": \"pen\"` ak pè `\"price\": 2`.","hint_2":"Chèn ki anvan kolon yo se kle; done ki apre kolon yo se valè."},"options":{"a":"`\"name\"` se yon kle","b":"`\"pen\"` se yon valè","c":"`2` se yon valè","d":"`\"price\"` se yon valè"}},"mc-dict-operations":{"title":"Aksyon diksyonè valab","prompt":"Ki liy ki mache kòrèkteman ak yon diksyonè ki rele `scores = {\"Ava\": 10, \"Ben\": 8}`? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Panse pou w chèche pa kle epi asiyen pa kle.","help":{"concept":"Ou ka li valè yon diksyonè ak `dict[key]` epi mete ajou oswa ajoute antre ak `dict[key] = value`.","hint_1":"Yon modèl kòrèk li yon valè lè l sèvi avèk yon kle non ki nan kranpon kare.","hint_2":"Yon lòt modèl kòrèk chanje oswa ajoute yon valè lè li mete yon kle nan kwochè sou bò gòch `=`."},"options":{"a":"`scores[\"Ava\"]`","b":"`scores[1]`","c":"`scores[\"Ben\"] = 9`","d":"`scores.add(\"Kai\", 7)`"}},"dr-dict-create-order":{"title":"Bati yon diksyonè etap pa etap","prompt":"Mete moso kòd sa yo nan lòd ki kòrèk pou kreye yon diksyonè epi enprime yon valè.","hint":"Kreye diksyonè a an premye, epi li ladan l.","help":{"concept":"Python dwe kreye epi asiyen diksyonè a anvan ou ka chèche yon valè ladan l.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak non varyab la ak asiyasyon li bay yon literèl diksyonè.","hint_2":"Liy enprime a ta dwe vini apre diksyonè a egziste, epi rechèch la itilize kle a `\"name\"`."},"tokens":{"t1":"moun = {","t2":"Non: Ava","t3":"}","t4":"print(person[\"name\"])"}},"dr-dict-update-order":{"title":"Kòmande yon egzanp mizajou","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou kreye yon diksyonè, mete yon valè ajou, epi enprime rezilta ki ajou a.","hint":"Diksyonè a dwe egziste anvan liy mizajou a.","help":{"concept":"Mizajou yon diksyonè itilize asiyasyon ak yon kle apre diksyonè a deja kreye.","hint_1":"Premyeman, kreye `stock`, apre sa chanje valè pou `\"apples\"`, epi enprime li.","hint_2":"Liy enprime a dwe vini an dènye paske li ta dwe montre valè ki mete ajou a, pa sa ki orijinal la."},"tokens":{"t1":"stòk = {\"pòm\": 5}","t2":"stock[\"pòm\"] = 7","t3":"print(stock[\"apples\"])"}},"fb-dict-literal":{"title":"Konplete yon diksyonè literal","prompt":"Chwazi valè ki manke a pou fini antre diksyonè a.","hint":"Espas vid la dwe valè ki asosye ak kle `\"color\"` la.","help":{"concept":"Yon antre nan diksyonè gen fòm `key: value`, kidonk pati ki manke a se valè pou yon kle.","hint_1":"Kle a deja ekri kòm `\"color\"`.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki ka sèvi kòm valè chèn ki estoke pou kle sa a."},"template":"penti = {\"koulè\": [blank1]}","choices":["ble","koulè","Pano nòt leson","Chwazè tèm koulè"]},"fb-dict-key-lookup":{"title":"Konplete yon rechèch kle","prompt":"Chwazi kle ki manke a pou ekspresyon an jwenn valè laj la.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa demann lan dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"person = {\"name\": \"Ivy\", \"age\": 12}\nprint(person[[blank1]])","choices":["laj","douz","Ivy","Zewo"]},"ci-make-dictionary":{"title":"Retounen yon diksyonè senp","prompt":"Ekri `make_book(title, pages)` pou li retounen yon diksyonè ki dekri liv la. Diksyonè a ta dwe itilize kle `\"title\"` ak `\"pages\"`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_book(title, pages):\n # return a dictionary with keys \"title\" and \"pages\"\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_book(title, pages):\n return {\"title\": title, \"pages\": pages}"},"ci-get-score":{"title":"Chèche yon valè nan yon diksyonè","prompt":"Ekri `get_score(scores, name)` pou li ka chèche `name` nan diksyonè `scores` la epi retounen nòt sa a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Chèche yon valè nan yon diksyonè\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def get_score(scores, name):\n # return the score for the given name\n pass","solutionCode":"def get_score(scores, name):\n return scores[name]"},"ci-update-dictionary":{"title":"Ajoute oswa mete ajou yon antre diksyonè","prompt":"Ekri `set_price(prices, item, amount)` pou mete ajou diksyonè `prices` la ak atik ak kantite yo bay, epi retounen diksyonè ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ajoute oswa mete ajou yon antre diksyonè\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp yo te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def set_price(prices, item, amount):\n # update the dictionary and return it\n pass","solutionCode":"def set_price(prices, item, amount):\n prices[item] = amount\n return prices"},"try-dictionary-basics-checkpoint":{"title":"Kreye epi li yon diksyonè","prompt":"Kreye yon diksyonè pou `name` ak `score`, epi enprime nòt la.","hint":"Sèvi ak kle `\"score\"` pou li valè a.","help":{"concept":"Yon diksyonè estoke valè anba kle ki gen non.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak kle `\"score\"` pou li valè a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"student = {}\n\n# Store name Ava and score 92.\n# Then print the score.\n","solutionCode":"student = {\"name\": \"Ava\", \"score\": 92}\nprint(student[\"score\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye yon varyab diksyonè ki rele student."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle nòt la pou li nòt la nan elèv la."}}},"try-dictionary-basics-sketch0":{"title":"Enprime valè yon diksyonè","prompt":"Sèvi ak kle `'name'` pou li yon valè nan diksyonè a.","hint":"Enprime non ki nan pwofil la.","help":{"concept":"Enprime non ki nan pwofil la.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"profile = {'name': 'Ava', 'age': 12}\n\n# Print the name from profile.\n","solutionCode":"profile = {'name': 'Ava', 'age': 12}\nprint(profile['name'])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize profile[\"name\"] olye pou w tape Ava dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Include the explicitly requested `\"name\"` key in the dictionary."},"2":{"message":"Include the explicitly requested `\"age\"` key in the dictionary."}}},"try-dictionary-basics-sketch1":{"title":"Mizajou yon laj","prompt":"Bay yon nouvo valè pou yon kle ki deja egziste nan yon diksyonè.","hint":"Chanje laj la pou 12.","help":{"concept":"Chanje laj la pou 12.","hint_1":"Chanje laj la pou 12, epi enprime diksyonè pwofil la.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"profile = {'name': 'Mia', 'age': 11}\n\n# Change age to 12.\n# Then print the profile dictionary.\n","solutionCode":"profile = {'name': 'Mia', 'age': 11}\nprofile['age'] = 12\nprint(profile)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Mete aj nan pwofil la a 12 olye pou ranplase diksyonè final la."}}},"try-dictionary-basics-sketch2":{"title":"Kreye epi enprime yon diksyonè nòt.","prompt":"Bati yon diksyonè ak de pè kle-valè, epi enprime li.","hint":"Kreye yon diksyonè ki rele scores ak Ava: 92 ak Mia: 85.","help":{"concept":"Kreye yon diksyonè ki rele scores ak Ava: 92 ak Mia: 85.","hint_1":"Kreye yon diksyonè ki rele scores ak Ava: 92 ak Mia: 85, epi enprime scores yo.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"# Create a dictionary named scores with Ava: 92 and Mia: 85.\n# Then print scores.\n","solutionCode":"scores = {'Ava': 92, 'Mia': 85}\nprint(scores)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye yon varyab diksyonè ki rele scores."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak Ava kòm yon kle nan nòt yo."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak Mia kòm yon kle nan nòt yo."}}},"sc-key-value-role":{"title":"Identify a key and its value","prompt":"In `book = {\"title\": \"Kindred\", \"pages\": 264}`, what is `\"pages\"`?","hint":"Look at which side of the colon the item appears on.","help":{"concept":"In a dictionary entry, the key appears before the colon and its value appears after the colon.","hint_1":"The pair here is `\"pages\": 264`.","hint_2":"`\"pages\"` is the key; `264` is the value."},"options":{"a":"A key","b":"A value","c":"A list index","d":"A method"}},"sc-key-membership":{"title":"Check for a key safely","prompt":"Given `profile = {\"name\": \"Ava\", \"age\": 12}`, which expression checks whether the key `\"city\"` exists in the dictionary?","hint":"Use the membership operator with the key on the left and the dictionary on the right.","help":{"concept":"For dictionaries, `key in dictionary` checks whether that key exists.","hint_1":"You are checking for a key, not reading its value yet.","hint_2":"Use `\"city\" in profile`."},"options":{"a":"\"city\" in profile","b":"profile[\"city\"]","c":"\"city\" == profile","d":"profile.in(\"city\")"}}},"tryIt":{"try_dictionary_basics_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye yon diksyonè pou `name` ak `score`, epi enprime nòt la."},"try_dictionary_basics_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak kle `'name'` pou li yon valè nan diksyonè a."},"try_dictionary_basics_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bay yon nouvo valè pou yon kle ki egziste deja nan yon diksyonè."},"try_dictionary_basics_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati yon diksyonè ak de pè kle-valè, epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_make_dictionary":{"title":"Retounen yon diksyonè senp"},"ci_get_score":{"title":"Chèche yon valè nan yon diksyonè"},"ci_update_dictionary":{"title":"Ajoute oswa mete ajou yon antre diksyonè"}}},"list-methods-and-mutation":{"label":"Lis Metòd ak Mutasyon","summary":"Sèvi ak metòd lis komen tankou append, remove, pop, ak sort, epi aprann kijan yo chanje lis orijinal la.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa mityasyon vle di pou lis yo"},"sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak append, remove, ak pop"},"sketch2":{"title":"Trie lis yo epi veye pou erè komen yo"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Removing by position with pop()"},"sketch4":{"title":"Sorting the same list"},"project":{"title":"Pratike Pwogram Mutasyon Lis"}},"quiz":{"sc-1":{"title":"Ki metòd ki ajoute nan fen an?","prompt":"Ki metòd lis la ki ajoute yon nouvo atik nan fen yon lis?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"options":{"a":"Ajoute()","b":"retire()","c":"retire()","d":"klase()"}},"sc-2":{"title":"Ki sa pop retounen?","prompt":"Nan Python, kisa `items.pop(1)` retounen?","hint":"`pop()` Li chanje lis la epi li ba ou yon bagay an retou.","help":{"concept":"`pop(index)` Li retire atik ki nan endèks bay la epi li retounen atik sa a ki te retire a.","hint_1":"Endèks `1` vle di dezyèm atik nan lis la.","hint_2":"Valè retou a se pa lis kout la li menm; se eleman ki te retire a."},"options":{"a":"Atik ki te retire nan endèks 1","b":"Yon kopi tout lis la","c":"Longè lis la apre retire","d":"Anyen ditou"}},"mc-1":{"title":"Metòd ki modifye yon lis","prompt":"Ki nan operasyon sa yo ki chanje lis orijinal la? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Ajoute (5)","b":"retire(5)","c":"klase()","d":"longè(my_list)"}},"mc-2":{"title":"Metòd lis valab yo itilize","prompt":"Ki liy ki fason valab pou itilize metòd lis komen sou`numbers = [3, 1, 2]`? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Tcheke si chak non metòd koresponn ak kalite agiman li espere a.","help":{"concept":"Metòd lis diferan mande diferan antre: `append` pran yon valè, `remove` pran yon valè, epi `pop` anjeneral pran yon endèks.","hint_1":"Mande si metòd la ap retire pa valè oswa pa pozisyon.","hint_2":"Youn nan chwa yo melanje konpòtman `remove` ak endèks, epi yon lòt chwa itilize `sort` ak yon agiman li pa bezwen isit la."},"options":{"a":"nimewo.ajoute(4)","b":"nimewo.retire(1)","c":"nimewo.pop(0)","d":"nimewo.klase(2)"}},"dr-1":{"title":"Ajoute apre sa enspekte","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou ajoute yon eleman nan yon lis epi afiche lis ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Premyeman kreye lis la, apre sa chanje li, epi enprime li.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwogram lis kout anjeneral swiv yon sekans: kreye done, modifye done, epi enspekte rezilta a avèk `print()`.","hint_1":"Ou pa ka ajoute nan yon lis anvan lis la egziste.","hint_2":"Enprime a dwe fèt apre ajoute a si ou vle wè lis ki chanje a."},"tokens":{"t1":"nimewo = [1, 2]","t2":"nimewo.ajoute(7)","t3":"print(numbers)"}},"dr-2":{"title":"Retire, gonfle, epi enprime","prompt":"Aranje liy yo pou kreye yon pwogram ki retire `\"b\"`, epi mete dènye atik ki rete a nan `taken`, epi enprime `taken`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"lèt = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]","t2":"letters.remove(\"b\")","t3":"tire = pop() nan lèt yo","t4":"print(taken)"}},"fb-1":{"title":"Konplete yon apèl apendiks","prompt":"Chwazi valè ki fè `numbers.append(...)` ajoute `10` nan lis la.","hint":"`append()` bezwen atik ou vle ajoute a anndan parantèz yo.","help":{"concept":"Pou ajoute yon atik nan fen yon lis, mete atik sa a kòm agiman pou `append()`.","hint_1":"Blank la se nouvo valè k ap ajoute a, se pa non lis la oswa non metòd la.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki ta fè lis la jwenn nimewo dis."},"template":"nimewo = [1, 2]\nnimewo.ajoute([blank1])","choices":["chif","Ajoute","diz","pòp"]},"fb-2":{"title":"Konplete yon deklarasyon triyaj","prompt":"Chwazi non metòd la ki klase `scores` sou plas.","hint":"Metòd sa a mete atik lis yo nan lòd epi chanje lis la li menm.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term()` se metòd entegre lis la pou ranje atik lis yo anplas.","hint_1":"Videyo a ta dwe yon metòd ki travay dirèkteman sou yon varyab lis.","hint_2":"Se pa yon metòd pou ajoute oswa retire atik."},"template":"scores = [4, 1, 3]\nscores.[blank1]()","choices":["Ajoute","retire","klase","pòp"]},"ci-1":{"title":"Ajoute yon atik epi enprime lis la.","prompt":"Yon bwat kreyon deja gen `pen` ak `pencil`. Li yon lòt atik nan antre a, ajoute l nan `items`, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `eraser`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`['pen', 'pencil', 'eraser']`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"item = input()\nitems = [\"pen\", \"pencil\"]\n\n# Add the input item to the list.\n# Then print the updated list.","solutionCode":"item = input()\nitems = [\"pen\", \"pencil\"]\nitems.append(item)\nprint(items)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize items.append(item) pou lis la vrèman modifye."}}},"ci-2":{"title":"Retire yon valè epi montre rezilta a","prompt":"The list `colors` starts as `['red', 'blue', 'green']`. Read one color from input, remove that value from the list, and print the updated list.\n\nFor example, if the input is `blue`, your program should print:\n`['red', 'green']`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"color = input()\ncolors = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\n\n# Remove the input color from the list.\n# Then print the updated list.","solutionCode":"color = input()\ncolors = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\ncolors.remove(color)\nprint(colors)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize colors.remove(color) pou lis la vrèman modifye."}}},"ci-3":{"title":"Klase nimewo yo nan antre a","prompt":"Twa nòt kwiz parèt nan yon lòd ki pa kòrèk. Mete chif ki antre yo nan fonksyon ``numbers`` la, klase lis la de pi piti a pi gwo, epi enprime lis ki klase a.\n\nPa egzanp, si chif ki antre yo se `9`, `2`, ak `5`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`[2, 5, 9]`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\nnumbers = [a, b, c]\n\n# Sort the list.\n# Then print the sorted list.","solutionCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\nnumbers = [a, b, c]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak numbers.sort() pou lis la vrèman klase an plas."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-checkpoint":{"title":"Ajoute 10 nan yon lis","prompt":"Kòmanse ak `numbers = [3, 1, 2]`. Ajoute `10` nan fen lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Sèvi ak `append()` pou ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","help":{"concept":"`append(value)` Li modifye lis orijinal la lè li ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `append()` pou ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\n# Add 10 to the end of the list.\n# Then print the updated list.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.append(10)\nprint(numbers)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize numbers.append(10) pou lis la vrèman chanje."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch0":{"title":"Ajoute 10 epi enprime lis la.","prompt":"Sèvi ak `append(10)` pou ajoute `10` nan lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Ajoute 10 nan fen lis la.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute 10 nan fen lis la.","hint_1":"Ajoute 10 nan fen lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\n# Add 10 to the end of the list.\n# Then print the updated list.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.append(10)\nprint(numbers)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak numbers.append(10) pou lis la vrèman chanje."},"1":{"message":"Print the updated `scores` list itself after changing it."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch1":{"title":"Retire bannann nan epi lage dènye atik la.","prompt":"Sèvi ak `remove()` ak `pop()` pou chanje lis la epi montre sa ki rete.","hint":"Retire 'banana'.","help":{"concept":"Retire 'banana'.","hint_1":"Retire 'banana'. Apre sa, mete dènye atik ki rete a nan last_item.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n\n# Remove 'banana'.\n# Pop the last remaining item into last_item.\n# Print fruits, then print last_item.\n","solutionCode":"fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nfruits.remove('banana')\nlast_item = fruits.pop()\nprint(fruits)\nprint(last_item)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Rele fruits.remove('banana') olye pou w ranplase lis final la dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sere rezilta fruits.pop() nan last_item olye pou w tape cherry dirèkteman."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch2":{"title":"Triye epi enprime non yo","prompt":"Rele `sort()` anvan ou enprime pou lis orijinal la ka nan lòd.","hint":"Trie lis la alfabetikman.","help":{"concept":"Trie lis la alfabetikman.","hint_1":"Trie lis la alfabetikman, epi enprime lis triye a.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"names = ['Zoe', 'Ava', 'Mia']\n\n# Sort the list alphabetically.\n# Then print the sorted list.\n","solutionCode":"names = ['Zoe', 'Ava', 'Mia']\nnames.sort()\nprint(names)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak names.sort() pou lis la vrèman triye."},"1":{"message":"Print the mutated `workshops` list itself after removing the canceled workshop."}}},"sc-index-assignment":{"title":"Replace one list item","prompt":"The list is `tasks = [\"email\", \"meeting\", \"backup\"]`. Which line replaces the second item with `\"study\"`?","hint":"Reading an item uses an index. Replacing an item uses that same indexed position on the left side of `=`.","help":{"concept":"Assigning to `list[index]` changes the item stored at that position.","hint_1":"The second item is at index `1` because Python starts counting at 0.","hint_2":"Use `tasks[1] = \"study\"`."},"options":{"a":"tasks[1] = \"study\"","b":"tasks[0] = \"study\"","c":"tasks.append(\"study\")","d":"tasks(1) = \"study\""}},"mc-mutates-original":{"title":"Operations that mutate a list","prompt":"Which operations change the existing list itself? Assume `items` is already a list. Choose all that apply.","hint":"Think about whether the list's stored items are different after the operation runs.","help":{"concept":"Index assignment and list methods such as `append`, `remove`, `pop`, and `sort` mutate the existing list.","hint_1":"`len(items)` reads information but does not change any item.","hint_2":"Choose the operations that replace, add, remove, or reorder list items."},"options":{"a":"items[0] = \"new\"","b":"items.append(\"new\")","c":"items.pop()","d":"len(items)"}},"sc-remove-vs-pop":{"title":"Remove by position and keep the value","prompt":"You need to remove the item at index `1` from `colors` and store the removed value in `removed`. Which line does both?","hint":"`remove()` looks for a matching value. `pop()` removes by position and returns what it removed.","help":{"concept":"`pop(index)` removes the item at that index and returns the removed value.","hint_1":"The task gives a position, not a value to search for.","hint_2":"Assign the result of `colors.pop(1)` to `removed`."},"options":{"a":"removed = colors.pop(1)","b":"removed = colors.remove(1)","c":"colors.remove(removed)","d":"removed = colors[1]"}},"sc-sort-return":{"title":"What sort() returns","prompt":"What is printed by this code?\n\n`scores = [8, 3, 5]`\n`result = scores.sort()`\n`print(result)`","hint":"`sort()` changes `scores` in place; it does not return the sorted list.","help":{"concept":"`list.sort()` mutates the list and returns `None`.","hint_1":"After sorting, `scores` is ordered, but `result` receives the method's return value.","hint_2":"That return value is `None`."},"options":{"a":"None","b":"[3, 5, 8]","c":"8","d":"Nothing is printed because the program crashes"}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch3":{"title":"Take the second ticket","prompt":" Use `pop()` with the index of the second item, store the removed ticket in `next_ticket`, then print the removed value. Do not hard-code the ticket.","hint":"`pop(1)` removes the item at index 1 and returns that removed item.","help":{"concept":"`pop(index)` is useful when you know the position and also need the removed value.","hint_1":"Assign the result of `tickets.pop(1)` to `next_ticket`.","hint_2":"Print `next_ticket` first, then print `tickets`."},"starterCode":"tickets = [\"T-104\", \"T-105\", \"T-106\", \"T-107\"]\n\n# Remove the second ticket with pop(1) and store it in next_ticket.\n# Print next_ticket.\n# Then print the remaining tickets list.\n","solutionCode":"tickets = [\"T-104\", \"T-105\", \"T-106\", \"T-107\"]\n\nnext_ticket = tickets.pop(1)\nprint(next_ticket)\nprint(tickets)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `pop()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Print `next_ticket` itself instead of typing the known removed ticket."},"2":{"message":"Print the remaining `tickets` list itself after `pop()` changes it."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch4":{"title":"Sort three incoming times","prompt":"Three completion times arrive as integers. Store them in a list named `times`, sort the same list from smallest to largest with `sort()`, then print the sorted list.","hint":"Create `times` from the three input variables before calling `times.sort()`.","help":{"concept":"`sort()` rearranges the existing list in ascending order.","hint_1":"Build one list from `first`, `second`, and `third` in that order.","hint_2":"Call `times.sort()` before printing `times`."},"starterCode":"first = int(input())\nsecond = int(input())\nthird = int(input())\n\n# Create a list named times from the three inputs.\n# Sort times from smallest to largest.\n# Print the sorted list.\n","solutionCode":"first = int(input())\nsecond = int(input())\nthird = int(input())\n\ntimes = [first, second, third]\ntimes.sort()\nprint(times)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `sort()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Print the sorted `times` list itself after sorting it in place."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_list_methods_and_mutation_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kòmanse ak `numbers = [3, 1, 2]`. Ajoute `10` nan fen lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak `append(10)` pou ajoute `10` nan lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak `remove()` ak `pop()` pou chanje lis la epi montre sa ki rete."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Rele `sort()` anvan ou enprime pou lis orijinal la ka nan lòd."},"allowReveal":true,"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"The second ticket in `tickets` is ready to be processed. Remove that item with `pop(1)`, store the removed value in `next_ticket`, then print `next_ticket` followed by the remaining list. Use `pop()` with the index of the second item, store the removed ticket in `next_ticket`, then print the removed value. Do not hard-code the ticket."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch4":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Three completion times arrive as integers. Store them in a list named `times`, sort the same list from smallest to largest with `sort()`, then print the sorted list."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_1":{"title":"Ajoute yon atik epi enprime lis la."},"ci_2":{"title":"Retire yon valè epi montre rezilta a"},"ci_3":{"title":"Klase nimewo yo nan antre a"}}},"looping-through-lists":{"label":"Fè sik nan lis yo","summary":"Trete chak atik nan lis la epi konstwi rezilta derive yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon bouk lis fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon bouk pou konstwi yon nouvo lis"},"sketch2":{"title":"Chwazi non varyab bouk ki klè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Filtering items while you loop"},"project":{"title":"Egzèsis: Fè yon bouk sou lis yo"}},"quiz":{"sc-loop-item-name":{"title":"Chwazi varyab bouk la","prompt":"Nan kòd sa a, kisa `fruit` reprezante?\n\n```python\nfruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nfor fruit in fruits:\n print(fruit)\n```","hint":"Gade sa ki vini apre `for` epi anvan `in`.","help":{"concept":"Nan yon bouk `for item in list`, varyab ki apre `for` estoke yon atik aktyèl nan lis la pandan chak bouk.","hint_1":"`fruit` Chanje pandan bouk la ap pase nan`\"apple\"`, epi `\"banana\"`, epi `\"pear\"`.","hint_2":"Se pa non lis la antye. Se valè endividyèl k ap trete chak fwa."},"options":{"a":"Tout lis fwi yo","b":"Yon atik nan lis la chak fwa","c":"Nimewo endèks chak fwi","d":"Yon mo kle entegre nan Python"}},"sc-empty-list-start":{"title":"Kòmanse yon nouvo lis rezilta","prompt":"Ou vle pase atravè yon lis epi ranmase valè ki chanje yo nan yon nouvo lis. Ki liy ki kòrèkteman kreye yon lis vid pou kòmanse?","hint":"Ou bezwen sentaks pou yon literal lis vid.","help":{"concept":"Lè w ap konstwi yon lis derive, ou anjeneral kòmanse ak yon lis vid epi ou ajoute atik yo avèk `append()` andedan bouk la.","hint_1":"Yon lis vid itilize kwochè kare san anyen andedan.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki kreye yon lis, pa yon chèn, nimewo, oswa apèl enprime."},"options":{"a":"rezilta = ()","b":"print(result)","c":"result = \"\"","d":"print(result)"}},"mc-loop-uses":{"title":"Sa yon bouk sou yon lis ka fè","prompt":"Ki aksyon ki rezon komen pou itilize yon bouk sou yon lis? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Panse sou travay ou repete yon fwa pou chak atik.","help":{"concept":"Yo itilize bouk lis pou trete chak atik, tankou enprime valè yo, tcheke kondisyon yo, oswa konstwi yon nouvo lis apati atik ki transfòme.","hint_1":"Yon bouk itil lè menm aksyon an dwe fèt pou chak atik nan lis la.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon sou pwosesis repete atik yo, pa sou chanje sentaks Python la li menm."},"options":{"a":"Enprime chak atik","b":"Bati yon nouvo lis apati atik ki chanje yo","c":"Tcheke si atik yo satisfè yon kondisyon","d":"Chanje non mo kle Python yo"}},"mc-good-loop-names":{"title":"Chwazi non varyab bouk ki klè","prompt":"Pou lis `scores = [88, 91, 76]`, ki non varyab bouk yo ki klè e ki apwopriye? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"pwen","b":"atik","c":"pwen","d":"Valè nòt"}},"dr-build-derived-list":{"title":"Kòmande etap yo pou konstwi yon lis derive","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou konstwi yon nouvo lis apati yon lis ki egziste deja.","hint":"Kòmanse pa kreye nouvo lis la anvan bouk la kòmanse.","help":{"concept":"Pou konstwi yon lis derive, premye kreye yon lis vid, apre sa fè yon bouk sou lis orijinal la, kalkile chak nouvo valè, epi ajoute li.","hint_1":"Konfigirasyon lis vid la fèt anvan okenn atik trete.","hint_2":"Anndan bouk la, ou premye pran atik aktyèl la, apre sa ou kreye valè ki chanje a, epi ou ajoute li nan lis rezilta a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kreye yon lis rezilta vid","t2":"Kòmanse yon bouk sou lis orijinal la","t3":"Kalkile valè ki chanje pou atik aktyèl la.","t4":"Ajoute valè ki chanje a nan lis rezilta a."}},"dr-read-loop-header":{"title":"Li bouk la nan lòd","prompt":"Mete pati sa yo nan deklarasyon bouk la nan lòd kòrèk pou kreye yon tèt bouk Python ki valab.","hint":"Konsantre sou lòd lojik pati yo.","help":{"concept":"Aranje moso yo selon estrikti fraz la.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Mete moso yo nan lòd ki fè fraz la valab."},"tokens":{"t1":"pou","t2":"koulè","t3":"nan","t4":"koulè","t5":":"}},"fb-append-call":{"title":"Konplete liy lan","prompt":"Ranpli non metòd ki manke a pou ajoute chak atik ki chanje nan lis rezilta a.","hint":"Sèvi ak metòd lis la ki ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","help":{"concept":"Lè w ap konstwi yon nouvo lis nan yon bouk,`the missing term()` ajoute yon valè alafwa nan fen lis la.","hint_1":"Metòd la rele sou lis w ap konstwi a, tankou `result.method(value)`.","hint_2":"Se metòd lis komen ki itilize nan bouk pou debutan pou kolekte nouvo valè."},"template":"rezilta.[espas1](nimewo * 2)","choices":["Ajoute","ajoute","antre","Enprime"]},"fb-loop-keyword":{"title":"Konplete antèt bouk la","prompt":"Ranpli mo kle ki manke a pou kòmanse yon bouk sou yon lis.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"template":"[blank1] atik nan atik yo:","choices":["pou","si","pandan","defini"]},"ci-print-each-item":{"title":"Enprime chak atik nan yon lis","prompt":"Yon apèl lis abri estoke twa non bèt nan`animals`\n. Fè yon bouk sou`animals`\nepi enprime chak non sou yon liy pa l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se`cat`\n,`dog`\n, ak`fox`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`cat`\n\n`dog`\n\n`fox`\n.","hint":"Bati lis la ak twa valè antre yo anvan bouk la kòmanse.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\nanimals = [first, second, third]\n\n# Loop through animals and print each one.\n","solutionCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\nanimals = [first, second, third]\n\nfor animal in animals:\n print(animal)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for sou bèt yo olye pou w enprime chak varyab manyèlman."}}},"ci-double-list-function":{"title":"Retounen yon lis doub","prompt":"Ekri `double_numbers(numbers)` pou li konstwi yon nouvo lis ki gen chak nimewo doub, epi retounen nouvo lis sa a.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def double_numbers(numbers):\n # build and return a new list\n pass","solutionCode":"def double_numbers(numbers):\n result = []\n for number in numbers:\n result.append(number * 2)\n return result"},"ci-count-long-words":{"title":"Konte mo ki gen plis pase 4 lèt","prompt":"Ekri `count_long_words(words)` pou li retounen konbyen mo ki nan lis la ki gen plis pase 4 lèt.","hint":"Li tach la \"Konte mo ki gen plis pase 4 lèt\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def count_long_words(words):\n # return the number of words longer than 4 letters\n pass","solutionCode":"def count_long_words(words):\n count = 0\n for word in words:\n if len(word) > 4:\n count += 1\n return count"},"try-looping-through-lists-checkpoint":{"title":"Fè yon sik sou non yo","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou `names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]` epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li.","hint":"Sèvi ak yon bouk `for`.","help":{"concept":"Yon bouk `for` ka vizite chak valè nan yon lis.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak yon bouk `for`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]\n\n# Print each name on its own line.\n","solutionCode":"names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]\nfor name in names:\n print(name)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for sou non yo olye pou w enprime chak non manyèlman."}}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch0":{"title":"Enprime chak bèt","prompt":"Fè yon sik atravè lis la epi enprime chak atik.","hint":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for pou enprime chak bèt sou pwòp liy li.","help":{"concept":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for pou enprime chak bèt sou pwòp liy li.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'fox']\n\n# Use a for loop to print each animal on its own line.\n","solutionCode":"animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'fox']\nfor animal in animals:\n print(animal)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for sou bèt yo olye pou w tape chak bèt dirèkteman."}}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch1":{"title":"Adisyone nòt yo","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon total k ap kouri andedan yon bouk.","hint":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la lè w itilize yon bouk.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la lè w itilize yon bouk.","hint_1":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la ak yon bouk, epi enprime total la.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"scores = [4, 6, 10]\ntotal = 0\n\n# Add each score to total using a loop.\n# Then print total.\n","solutionCode":"scores = [4, 6, 10]\ntotal = 0\nfor score in scores:\n total += score\nprint(total)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou nòt yo olye pou w tape total final la."},"1":{"message":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la andedan bouk la."}}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch2":{"title":"Konstwi nimewo doub","prompt":"Ajoute yon rezilta derive pou chak atik nan lis antre a.","hint":"Fè yon bouk sou chif yo epi ajoute chak valè ki double.","help":{"concept":"Fè yon bouk sou nimewo yo epi ajoute chak valè doub.","hint_1":"Fè yon bouk sou nimewo yo epi ajoute chak valè doub, apre sa enprime valè doub la.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ndoubled = []\n\n# Loop through numbers and append each doubled value.\n# Then print doubled.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ndoubled = []\nfor number in numbers:\n doubled.append(number * 2)\nprint(doubled)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou chif yo olye pou w tape lis doub final la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak doubled.append(...) pou konstwi lis la."}}},"sc-running-total":{"title":"Update a running total","prompt":"Which line belongs inside this loop to add every score into `total`?\n\n```python\nscores = [4, 7, 3]\ntotal = 0\nfor score in scores:\n # missing line\n```","hint":"The current item is stored in `score`, and the accumulated value is stored in `total`.","help":{"concept":"A running total repeatedly adds the current item to an accumulator variable.","hint_1":"The new total should include the old `total` plus the current `score`.","hint_2":"Use `total += score`."},"options":{"a":"total += score","b":"score += total","c":"total = 0","d":"scores.append(total)"}},"sc-filter-append":{"title":"Append only matching items","prompt":"You want `passing` to contain only scores that are at least 60. Where should `passing.append(score)` run?","hint":"Only matching scores should be appended.","help":{"concept":"Filtering combines a loop with a condition so only selected items are added to the result list.","hint_1":"The append should not run for scores below 60.","hint_2":"Put the append inside `if score >= 60:`."},"options":{"a":"Inside `if score >= 60:`","b":"Before the `for` loop","c":"After the loop finishes","d":"Inside `if score < 60:`"}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch3":{"title":"Keep only high scores","prompt":"Four scores arrive as integers. Store them in `scores`. Create an empty list named `high_scores`, then loop through `scores` and append only values that are 80 or higher. Print the completed `high_scores` list.","hint":"The append should run only when the current score passes the condition.","help":{"concept":"Filtering keeps some list items and skips others based on a condition.","hint_1":"Inside the loop, check `if score >= 80:`.","hint_2":"Indent `high_scores.append(score)` inside that `if` block."},"starterCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\nd = int(input())\n\n# Create scores from the four inputs.\n# Create an empty list named high_scores.\n# Keep only scores that are 80 or higher.\n# Print high_scores.\n","solutionCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\nd = int(input())\n\nscores = [a, b, c, d]\nhigh_scores = []\nfor score in scores:\n if score >= 80:\n high_scores.append(score)\nprint(high_scores)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `scores` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_looping_through_lists_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou `names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]` epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li."},"try_looping_through_lists_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon sik atravè lis la epi enprime chak atik."},"try_looping_through_lists_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon total k ap kouri andedan yon bouk."},"try_looping_through_lists_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ajoute yon rezilta derive pou chak atik nan lis antre a."},"allowReveal":true,"try_looping_through_lists_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Four scores arrive as input. Build `high_scores` containing only scores that are 80 or higher, then print the completed list."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_print_each_item":{"title":"Enprime chak atik nan yon lis"},"ci_double_list_function":{"title":"Retounen yon lis doub"},"ci_count_long_words":{"title":"Konte mo ki gen plis pase 4 lèt"}}},"module-5-workshop-schedule-project":{"label":"Module 5 Workshop Schedule Project","summary":"Build a community workshop schedule from tuple records, preserve their order in a list, create a direct room lookup, and group workshop names inside room lists.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Plan the schedule data"},"project":{"title":"Workshop Schedule Builder"}},"projectSteps":{"exercise1":{"title":"Expand the ordered schedule"},"exercise2":{"title":"Build a room lookup"},"exercise3":{"title":"Group workshops by room"}},"quiz":{"try-workshop-schedule-sketch0":{"title":"Preview the schedule pattern","prompt":"Create `schedule` as a list containing one tuple: `(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")`. Loop through `schedule`, unpack each tuple into `name` and `room`, and print each workshop as `name — room`.","hint":"The outer structure is a list; each item is a two-field tuple that can be unpacked in the loop header.","help":{"concept":"The project will use a list to preserve workshop order and a tuple for each fixed `(name, room)` record.","hint_1":"Start with `schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]`.","hint_2":"Use `for name, room in schedule:` and print the two unpacked values."},"starterCode":"# Create schedule as a list containing one (name, room) tuple.\n# Loop through schedule, unpack each tuple, and print: name — room\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `schedule` as the prompt requests."}}},"exercise1":{"title":"Expand the ordered schedule","prompt":"Step 1 of 3 starts from the working one-session preview. Read two more workshop names and rooms from input in this order: `name2`, `room2`, `name3`, `room3`. Append `(name2, room2)` and `(name3, room3)` to `schedule`. Keep the existing loop so the complete schedule prints in order as `name — room`, one workshop per line. For this step, add the second and third workshop records to `schedule` using `append()`. Then process the completed schedule with a `for` loop over `schedule`.","hint":"Read the four input values first, append two tuple records, then let the existing loop print the ordered list.","help":{"concept":"A list preserves workshop order, and `.append()` can add new fixed tuple records without replacing the existing schedule.","hint_1":"Use `schedule.append((name2, room2))` and then append the third record.","hint_2":"Do not hard-code the two new workshop names or rooms; the tests provide different input values."},"starterCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Append the second workshop with `schedule.append((name2, room2))`."},"1":{"message":"Append the third workshop with `schedule.append((name3, room3))`."},"2":{"message":"Keep a `for` loop over `schedule` so the finished schedule is processed in order."}}},"exercise2":{"title":"Build a room lookup","prompt":"Step 2 of 3 starts from your completed ordered schedule. Keep that behavior. Create an empty dictionary named `room_lookup`, loop through `schedule`, and store each workshop name as a key in `room_lookup` with its room as the corresponding value. Then read one workshop name into `requested` and look up that workshop in `room_lookup` and print the stored room.","hint":"Build the dictionary from the tuple records instead of writing the room mappings by hand.","help":{"concept":"The ordered list remains useful for the board, while a dictionary gives direct lookup by workshop name.","hint_1":"Initialize `room_lookup = {}` and fill it inside a loop over `schedule`.","hint_2":"After the dictionary is built, read `requested` and print `room_lookup[requested]`."},"starterCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n\nroom_lookup = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n room_lookup[name] = room\n\nrequested = input()\nprint(room_lookup[requested])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"exercise3":{"title":"Group workshops by room","prompt":"Step 3 of 3 starts from the schedule board and direct lookup. Keep both. Build a nested dictionary named `room_sessions` where each room key stores a list of workshop names held in that room. Loop through `schedule`. If the room already exists in `room_sessions`, append the current workshop name to its list; otherwise create a new one-item list. Finally read `room_query` and print `room_sessions[room_query]`.","hint":"Use dictionary membership to decide whether to append to an existing room list or create that list.","help":{"concept":"A dictionary whose values are lists can group several workshop names under the same room key.","hint_1":"Inside the loop, use `if room in room_sessions:` and append `name` to the existing list.","hint_2":"In the `else` branch, create the first list with `room_sessions[room] = [name]`."},"starterCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n\nroom_lookup = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n room_lookup[name] = room\n\nrequested = input()\nprint(room_lookup[requested])\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n\nroom_lookup = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n room_lookup[name] = room\n\nrequested = input()\nprint(room_lookup[requested])\n\nroom_sessions = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n if room in room_sessions:\n room_sessions[room].append(name)\n else:\n room_sessions[room] = [name]\n\nroom_query = input()\nprint(room_sessions[room_query])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `schedule` to process each workshop record, as the prompt requests."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_workshop_schedule_sketch0":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Create a one-workshop schedule as a list of tuples, then loop through it and unpack the record."},"allowReveal":true}},"nested-data-structures":{"label":"Estrikti Done Nwaye","summary":"Reprezante done ki soti nan mond reyèl la ak lis diksyonè ak kontenant anbreye.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ki estrikti done anbreye ki genyen"},"sketch1":{"title":"Li valè ki nan kontenè anbreye"},"sketch2":{"title":"Ap sikile atravè yon lis diksyonè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Looping through a list of records"},"project":{"title":"Pratike done anbreye ak fonksyon"}},"quiz":{"sc-1":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon estrikti a","prompt":"Ou vle estoke plizyè pwodwi, e chak pwodwi gen yon non ak yon pri. Ki estrikti ki pi apwopriye?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand la ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Yon sèl chèn ak tout non pwodwi yo","b":"Yon lis diksyonè","c":"Yon nimewo pou chak pwodwi","d":"Yon tup ki gen yon sèl pwodwi sèlman"}},"sc-2":{"title":"Li yon valè anbreye","prompt":"Bay `item = {\"name\": \"Pen\", \"info\": {\"price\": 2, \"stock\": 9}}`, ki ekspresyon bay valè `9`?","hint":"Premyeman, jwenn aksè nan diksyonè enteryè ki estoke nan `\"info\"`.","help":{"concept":"Pou li yon valè nan yon diksyonè anreta, jwenn aksè ak kle ekstèn nan an premye, epi apre sa ak kle entèn nan.","hint_1":"`\"stock\"` Li pa nan nivo siperyè `item` la; li andedan `item[\"info\"]`.","hint_2":"Ekspresyon kòrèk la itilize de rechèch nan parantèz nan lòd: kle ekstèn, apre sa kle entèn."},"options":{"a":"estòk","b":"estòk","c":"non[\"non\"][\"estòk\"]","d":"stòk atik 0"}},"mc-1":{"title":"Estrikti anbreye valab","prompt":"Ki nan sa yo ki se egzanp estrikti done anbreye nan Python? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Yon estrikti anbreye lè yon koleksyon estoke andedan yon lòt.","help":{"concept":"Estrikti done anbreye yo gen koleksyon andedan koleksyon, tankou yon lis andedan yon diksyonè oswa diksyonè andedan yon lis.","hint_1":"Tcheke si chak opsyon gen yon kontenè ki plase andedan yon lòt kontenè.","hint_2":"Yon nimewo senp oswa yon chèn senp poukont li pa anreta; konbinezon tankou lis-de-dict oswa dict-ak-lis yo anreta."},"options":{"a":"[{\"name\": \"Ava\"}, {\"name\": \"Ben\"}]","b":"{\"nòt\": [10, 20, 30]}","c":"katreven de","d":"Alo"}},"mc-2":{"title":"Modèl aksè itil","prompt":"Sipoze `players = [{\"name\": \"Mia\", \"points\": 7}, {\"name\": \"Leo\", \"points\": 5}]`. Ki ekspresyon ki valab pou li done nan estrikti sa a? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Kòmanse pa deside si ou bezwen yon endèks lis an premye oswa yon kle diksyonè an premye.","help":{"concept":"Pou yon lis diksyonè, ou itilize yon endèks nimerik pou chwazi yon diksyonè, epi yon kle chèn pou li yon valè nan diksyonè sa a.","hint_1":"`players` Se yon lis an premye, kidonk ekspresyon ki kòmanse ak yon kle chèn sou `players` pa kòrèk.","hint_2":"Chèche ekspresyon ki itilize `[0]` oswa `[1]` anvan `['name']` oswa `['points']`."},"options":{"a":"jwè[0][\"non\"]","b":"jwè[1][\"pwen\"]","c":"jwè[\"non\"]","d":"jwè[0][0]"}},"dr-1":{"title":"Aksede yon non vil","prompt":"Mete jeton sa yo nan lòd pou konstwi ekspresyon ki jwenn `\"Paris\"` nan `trip = {\"destination\": {\"city\": \"Paris\"}}`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste anvan apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Vwayaj","t2":"[\"destinasyon\"]","t3":"Vil"}},"dr-2":{"title":"Bati yon bouk sou anrejistreman yo","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou kreye yon bouk ki enprime non chak elèv ki soti nan`students`, yon lis diksyonè.","hint":"Antèt bouk la vini an premye, epi liy enprime ki gen retresi a vini apre li.","help":{"concept":"Pou fè yon bouk sou yon lis diksyonè, ekri yon bouk ``for`` ki pran yon diksyonè chak fwa, epi jwenn yon kle nan diksyonè sa a andedan bouk la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `student` kòm varyab bouk pou chak diksyonè nan `students`.","hint_2":"Apre antèt bouk la, liy enprime a ta dwe itilize `student[\"name\"]`."},"tokens":{"t1":"pou etidyan nan etidyan yo:","t2":"print(student[\"name\"])"}},"fb-1":{"title":"Ranpli kle ki manke a","prompt":"Konplete ekspresyon an pou li ka li nòt la nan premye diksyonè ki nan lis la.","hint":"Premye pati a`records[0]`, ba ou yon diksyonè.","help":{"concept":"Apre ou fin chwazi yon diksyonè nan yon lis, itilize non kle kòrèk la pou li valè ki nesesè a.","hint_1":"Ou deja gen premye anrejistreman an. Kounye a chwazi kle ki estoke rezilta nimerik la.","hint_2":"Valè ki manke a ta dwe kle diksyonè pou tèm ki manke a, pa endèks lis la oswa non varyab la."},"template":"dosye[0][\"[blank1]\"]","choices":["pwen","dosye","Zewo","non"]},"fb-2":{"title":"Ranpli kle ekstèn ki manke a","prompt":"Konplete ekspresyon an pou li ka li lis ki estoke andedan diksyonè a`data = {\"items\": [1, 2, 3]}`.","hint":"Ou bezwen kle ki endike lis enteryè a.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon diksyonè estoke yon lis, ou itilize kle diksyonè a an premye pou jwenn lis sa a.","hint_1":"Lis `[1, 2, 3]` la estoke anba yon sèl kle ki rele `data`.","hint_2":"Chwazi kle ki koresponn ak etikèt ki atache ak valè lis la."},"template":"done[\"[vid1]\"]","choices":["atik","done","lis","Zewo"]},"code-1":{"title":"Retounen tout non yo","prompt":"Chak atik nan `records` sere done yon moun. Konplete `get_names(records)` pa ajoute valè `\"name\"` chak anrejistreman nan lis `names`, epi retounen `names`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def get_names(records):\n names = []\n # add each record's name to names\n return names","solutionCode":"def get_names(records):\n names = []\n for record in records:\n names.append(record[\"name\"])\n return names"},"code-2":{"title":"Konte total estòk la","prompt":"Fini `total_stock(items)` pou li ka fè yon bouk atravè diksyonè atik yo, ajoute chak valè `\"stock\"` nan `total`, epi retounen total final la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def total_stock(items):\n total = 0\n # update total using each item's stock\n return total","solutionCode":"def total_stock(items):\n total = 0\n for item in items:\n total += item[\"stock\"]\n return total"},"code-3":{"title":"Jwenn nòt ki pi wo a","prompt":"Fini `highest_score(players)` pou li konpare `\"score\"` chak jwè pita ak `best` epi retounen nòt ki pi wo nan lis la.","hint":"Li tach la \"Jwenn nòt ki pi wo a\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def highest_score(players):\n best = players[0][\"score\"]\n # compare later scores with best\n return best","solutionCode":"def highest_score(players):\n best = players[0][\"score\"]\n for player in players:\n if player[\"score\"] > best:\n best = player[\"score\"]\n return best"},"try-nested-data-structures-checkpoint":{"title":"Li done anbrete","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon lis diksyonè. Enprime non dezyèm elèv la ak nòt li.","hint":"Itilize endèks `1`, epi kle diksyonè yo.","help":{"concept":"Done anbreye konbine kontenè, tankou yon lis diksyonè.","hint_1":"Itilize endèks `1`, epi kle diksyonè yo.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"students = [{\"name\": \"Ava\", \"score\": 88}, {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"score\": 91}]\n\n# Print Mia and her score on separate lines.\n","solutionCode":"students = [{\"name\": \"Ava\", \"score\": 88}, {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"score\": 91}]\nprint(students[1][\"name\"])\nprint(students[1][\"score\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak students[1] pou rive jwenn Mia olye pou w tape Mia dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle non ki nan diksyonè elèv la."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle nòt la nan diksyonè elèv la."}}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch0":{"title":"Li yon valè anbreye","prompt":"Itilize yon endèks lis an premye, epi yon kle diksyonè.","hint":"Enprime non premye elèv la.","help":{"concept":"Enprime non premye elèv la.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\n\n# Print the first student's name.\n","solutionCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\nprint(students[0]['name'])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak students[0] pou rive jwenn premye elèv la olye pou w tape Ava dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle non ki nan diksyonè elèv la."}}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime non yo ak nòt yo","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis diksyonè.","hint":"Fè yon bouk sou elèv yo epi enprime: non: nòt.","help":{"concept":"Fè yon sik sou elèv yo epi enprime: non: nòt.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\n\n# Loop through students and print: name: score\n","solutionCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\nfor student in students:\n print(f\"{student['name']}: {student['score']}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon sik sou elèv yo olye pou w tape chak liy dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle non an pandan w ap bati chak liy."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle a pandan w ap bati chak liy."}}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch2":{"title":"Ajoute yon valè anbrete","prompt":"Ajoute yon nouvo valè nan lis ki estoke andedan diksyonè a, epi enprime dosye ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Ajoute 'Mia' nan lis elèv yo.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute 'Mia' nan lis elèv yo.","hint_1":"Ajoute 'Mia' nan lis elèv yo, epi enprime kou a.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"course = {'title': 'Python', 'students': ['Ava']}\n\n# Add 'Mia' to the students list.\n# Then print course.\n","solutionCode":"course = {'title': 'Python', 'students': ['Ava']}\ncourse['students'].append('Mia')\nprint(course)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle elèv yo nan diksyonè kou a."},"1":{"message":"Ajoute Mia nan lis etidyan kou a olye pou ranplase tout kou a."},"2":{"message":"Rele course['students'].append('Mia')."}}},"sc-best-structure":{"title":"Choose a structure for repeated records","prompt":"You need to store several products, and every product has a `name` and a `price`. Which structure best represents that data?","hint":"You need one collection for the whole group and labeled fields for each individual product.","help":{"concept":"A list of dictionaries is a common structure for several records that share the same labeled fields.","hint_1":"The outer list stores all products.","hint_2":"Each dictionary can store one product with keys such as `\"name\"` and `\"price\"`."},"options":{"a":"A list of dictionaries","b":"One long string","c":"A single dictionary for every product combined","d":"One integer"}},"sc-list-then-key":{"title":"Read from a list of dictionaries","prompt":"Given `players = [{\"name\": \"Mia\", \"score\": 7}, {\"name\": \"Leo\", \"score\": 5}]`, which expression gets Leo's score?","hint":"Select the second dictionary first, then read its `\"score\"` key.","help":{"concept":"For a list of dictionaries, access happens in layers: list index first, dictionary key second.","hint_1":"Leo is the second list item, so use index `1`.","hint_2":"Then use `['score']` on that dictionary."},"options":{"a":"players[1][\"score\"]","b":"players[\"score\"][1]","c":"players[1][1]","d":"players[\"Leo\"][\"score\"]"}},"sc-dict-then-key":{"title":"Read from a dictionary inside a dictionary","prompt":"Given `item = {\"name\": \"Pen\", \"info\": {\"price\": 2, \"stock\": 9}}`, which expression gets the stock value?","hint":"Open the outer `\"info\"` field before reading `\"stock\"` from the inner dictionary.","help":{"concept":"A dictionary nested inside another dictionary is read with one key lookup per layer.","hint_1":"`item[\"info\"]` gives the inner dictionary.","hint_2":"Then add `[\"stock\"]`."},"options":{"a":"item[\"info\"][\"stock\"]","b":"item[\"stock\"]","c":"item[0][\"stock\"]","d":"item[\"name\"][\"stock\"]"}},"sc-loop-record":{"title":"Understand the loop variable","prompt":"If `students` is a list of dictionaries, what does `student` hold during `for student in students:`?","hint":"The loop visits one item from the outer list at a time.","help":{"concept":"When a list contains dictionaries, the loop variable receives one whole dictionary record on each iteration.","hint_1":"`student` is not only a name or score.","hint_2":"Inside the loop you can read fields such as `student[\"name\"]`."},"options":{"a":"One student dictionary at a time","b":"Only the student's name","c":"Only the list index","d":"The entire students list every time"}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch3":{"title":"Loop through dynamic student records","prompt":"Two student names and scores arrive as input. Build `students` as a list of two dictionaries using the keys `\"name\"` and `\"score\"`. Loop through `students` so `student` receives one dictionary at a time. Print each record exactly as `name: score`.","hint":"Build the records first, then use one loop over `students` and read both keys from the current `student`.","help":{"concept":"A loop over a list of dictionaries processes one whole record per iteration.","hint_1":"Use `for student in students:`.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, print `f\"{student['name']}: {student['score']}\"`."},"starterCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Build students as a list of two dictionaries.\n# Loop through students.\n# Print each student as: name: score\n","solutionCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\nstudents = [\n {\"name\": name1, \"score\": score1},\n {\"name\": name2, \"score\": score2}\n]\nfor student in students:\n print(f\"{student['name']}: {student['score']}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `students` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_nested_data_structures_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon lis diksyonè. Enprime non dezyèm elèv la ak nòt li."},"try_nested_data_structures_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize yon endèks lis an premye, epi yon kle diksyonè."},"try_nested_data_structures_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis diksyonè."},"try_nested_data_structures_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ajoute yon nouvo valè nan lis ki estoke andedan diksyonè a, epi enprime dosye ki mete ajou a."},"allowReveal":true,"try_nested_data_structures_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Build student records from input and loop through the list one dictionary at a time."}},"projectSteps":{"code_1":{"title":"Retounen tout non yo"},"code_2":{"title":"Konte total estòk la"},"code_3":{"title":"Jwenn nòt ki pi wo a"}}},"tuple-records-and-unpacking":{"label":"Tuple Records and Unpacking","summary":"Use tuples for fixed-shape records, read fields by position, unpack fields into meaningful names, and process tuple records in a loop.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Tuples as fixed-shape records"},"sketch1":{"title":"Unpacking fields into names"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"},"sketch2":{"title":"Looping through tuple records"}},"quiz":{"try-tuple-records-sketch0":{"title":"Build and read a shipment record","prompt":"A product name and quantity arrive as input. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then print the product using index `0` and the quantity using index `1`, each on its own line. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then use tuple indexing to read and print the first field followed by the second field.","hint":"Create one two-field tuple from the input variables, then read its two positions.","help":{"concept":"A tuple can hold related fields in a fixed order, and tuple indexes work like list indexes.","hint_1":"Build `shipment = (product, quantity)`.","hint_2":"Print `shipment[0]`, then `shipment[1]`."},"starterCode":"product = input()\nquantity = int(input())\n\n# Create shipment as a two-field tuple: product, then quantity.\n# Print the product using index 0.\n# Print the quantity using index 1.\n","solutionCode":"product = input()\nquantity = int(input())\n\nshipment = (product, quantity)\nprint(shipment[0])\nprint(shipment[1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Create `shipment` as the tuple `(product, quantity)`."},"1":{"message":"Use index `0` to read the first tuple field."},"2":{"message":"Use index `1` to read the second tuple field."}}},"try-tuple-unpacking-sketch1":{"title":"Unpack a booking record","prompt":"A booking record is already stored as the provided `booking` value is a three-field tuple containing a workshop title, seat count, and day. Unpack the tuple into `title`, `seats`, and `day` in one assignment. Print the three variables on separate lines in that order. Unpack `booking` into the variables `title`, `seats`, and `day` in that order before printing the three values. Do not hard-code the known output.","hint":"The tuple has three fields, so use three target names on the left side of one assignment.","help":{"concept":"Unpacking replaces positional lookups with meaningful variable names.","hint_1":"Write `title, seats, day = booking`.","hint_2":"After unpacking, print `title`, `seats`, and `day` instead of hard-coding the values."},"starterCode":"booking = (\"Workshop\", 24, \"Friday\")\n\n# Unpack booking into title, seats, and day.\n# Print title, seats, and day on separate lines.\n","solutionCode":"booking = (\"Workshop\", 24, \"Friday\")\n\ntitle, seats, day = booking\nprint(title)\nprint(seats)\nprint(day)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Unpack the tuple with `title, seats, day = booking` before printing the fields."}}},"sc-tuple-purpose":{"title":"Choose a fixed-shape record","prompt":"A coordinate always has exactly two ordered fields: x and y. Which value best communicates that fixed two-field shape?","options":{"a":"[4, 9]","b":"(4, 9)","c":"{\"x\": 4, \"y\": 9}","d":"\"4, 9\""},"hint":"Use the collection type intended for an ordered record whose fields should not be changed in place.","help":{"concept":"A tuple is useful when a small ordered record has a stable shape.","hint_1":"A list is better when items are expected to be added, removed, or replaced.","hint_2":"Choose the value written with parentheses."}},"mc-tuple-facts":{"title":"Recognize tuple behavior","prompt":"Which statements about tuples are true?","options":{"a":"Tuple positions use zero-based indexes.","b":"append() adds a value to an existing tuple.","c":"A tuple can be unpacked into multiple names.","d":"Tuples can contain only strings."},"hint":"Separate how a tuple is read from whether its structure can be mutated.","help":{"concept":"Tuples are ordered and indexable, but they do not support list-style mutation methods.","hint_1":"Unpacking follows position order.","hint_2":"A tuple may hold values of different types."}},"fb-tuple-index":{"title":"Read the first tuple field","prompt":"Complete the expression that reads `\"North\"` from `direction = (\"North\", 12)`: `direction[___]`","options":{"a":"0","b":"1","c":"-2 + 1"},"hint":"Tuple indexing begins at the same position as list and string indexing.","help":{"concept":"Every Python sequence begins with the zero index.","hint_1":"The requested value is the first field.","hint_2":"Use the simplest direct index."}},"dr-tuple-unpack":{"title":"Build an unpacking assignment","prompt":"Arrange the tokens to unpack `record` into `name` and `score`.","tokens":{"t1":"name","t2":",","t3":"score","t4":"=","t5":"record"},"hint":"Put the target names on the left and the tuple variable on the right.","help":{"concept":"Unpacking is one assignment with one target name per tuple position.","hint_1":"The comma separates the two target names.","hint_2":"The tuple variable appears after the equals sign."}},"sc-tuple-immutable":{"title":"Recognize an invalid tuple mutation","prompt":"Given `point = (4, 9)`, which line tries to mutate the tuple and therefore cannot be used?","hint":"Tuples can be read and unpacked, but their existing positions cannot be reassigned.","help":{"concept":"Tuple values are ordered and indexable, but the tuple itself is immutable.","hint_1":"`point[0]` can be read.","hint_2":"Assigning a new value to `point[0]` attempts to change the tuple in place."},"options":{"a":"print(point[0])","b":"x, y = point","c":"point[0] = 7","d":"print(point)"}},"sc-unpack-shape":{"title":"Match names to tuple fields","prompt":"Given `student = (\"Ava\", 91, \"A\")`, which line correctly unpacks all three fields?","hint":"Unpacking needs one target name for each tuple position.","help":{"concept":"Tuple unpacking assigns positions from left to right into the same number of target names.","hint_1":"This tuple contains three fields.","hint_2":"Choose the assignment with three names on the left side."},"options":{"a":"name, score, grade = student","b":"name, score = student","c":"student = name, score, grade","d":"name = student"}},"sc-loop-unpack":{"title":"Unpack each record in a loop","prompt":"Given `registrations = [(\"Ava\", 2), (\"Noah\", 1)]`, which loop header gives meaningful names to both fields of each tuple?","hint":"Each item in `registrations` is a two-field tuple.","help":{"concept":"A `for` loop can unpack each tuple item directly into one variable per field.","hint_1":"Each record contains a name and a seat count.","hint_2":"Use `for name, seats in registrations:`."},"options":{"a":"for name, seats in registrations:","b":"for registrations in name, seats:","c":"for name in seats:","d":"for 0, 1 in registrations:"}},"try-tuple-loop-sketch2":{"title":"Build and loop through registration records","prompt":"Two registrations arrive as a name followed by a seat count. Create `registrations` as a list containing two tuples: `(name1, seats1)` and `(name2, seats2)`. Loop through the list by unpacking each tuple into `name` and `seats`, then print `name` and `seats` on one line for each registration.","hint":"Build a list of two tuple records first, then unpack each record directly in the `for` loop header.","help":{"concept":"A list can hold several fixed-shape tuple records, and a loop can unpack each record as it visits it.","hint_1":"Create `registrations = [(name1, seats1), (name2, seats2)]`.","hint_2":"Use `for name, seats in registrations:` and print the two current fields."},"starterCode":"name1 = input()\nseats1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nseats2 = int(input())\n\n# Create registrations as a list of two (name, seats) tuples.\n# Loop through registrations and unpack each tuple into name and seats.\n# Print name and seats on one line for each record.\n","solutionCode":"name1 = input()\nseats1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nseats2 = int(input())\n\nregistrations = [(name1, seats1), (name2, seats2)]\nfor name, seats in registrations:\n print(name, seats)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `registrations` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_tuple_records_sketch0":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"A product name and quantity arrive as input. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then print the product using index `0` and the quantity using index `1`, each on its own line. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then use tuple indexing to read and print the first field followed by the second field."},"try_tuple_unpacking_sketch1":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"A booking record is already stored as the provided `booking` value is a three-field tuple containing a workshop title, seat count, and day. Unpack the tuple into `title`, `seats`, and `day` in one assignment. Print the three variables on separate lines in that order. Unpack `booking` into the variables `title`, `seats`, and `day` in that order before printing the three values. Do not hard-code the known output."},"allowReveal":true,"try_tuple_loop_sketch2":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Build two tuple records from input, store them in a list, and unpack each record in a loop."}},"practice":{"practice-unpack-name-score":{"title":"Unpack a name and score record","prompt":"Read a name and a whole-number score. Store them together in a tuple named `record`, unpack the tuple into `name` and `score`, then print `NAME: SCORE`.","hint":"Create `(name_input, score_input)`, then assign `name, score = record`.","help":{"concept":"Tuple unpacking assigns each fixed record field to a matching variable in one statement.","hint_1":"Create `(name_input, score_input)`, then assign `name, score = record`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\n\n# Build record, unpack it, and print NAME: SCORE.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\n\n# Build record, unpack it, and print NAME: SCORE.\n"}},"solutionCode":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\nrecord = (name_input, score_input)\nname, score = record\nprint(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\nrecord = (name_input, score_input)\nname, score = record\nprint(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n"}}},"practice-tuple-first-and-last":{"title":"Read fields from a tuple record","prompt":"Read a city, a day, and a temperature. Store them as `(city, day, temperature)` in `record`, then print the first field and the last field on separate lines using tuple indexes.","hint":"The first field is index `0`; the last field can be accessed with `-1`.","help":{"concept":"A tuple keeps record fields in a stable order, so indexes can retrieve known positions directly.","hint_1":"The first field is index `0`; the last field can be accessed with `-1`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\n\n# Build record and print its first and last fields.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\n\n# Build record and print its first and last fields.\n"}},"solutionCode":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\nrecord = (city, day, temperature)\nprint(record[0])\nprint(record[-1])\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\nrecord = (city, day, temperature)\nprint(record[0])\nprint(record[-1])\n"}}},"practice-loop-unpack-two-records":{"title":"Loop through tuple records with unpacking","prompt":"Read two names and two scores. Build a list containing two `(name, score)` tuples. Loop with `for name, score in records:` and print each record as `NAME -> SCORE`.","hint":"Build two tuples first, then unpack each tuple directly in the `for` loop header.","help":{"concept":"A loop can unpack each tuple record as it is visited, giving clear names to the fields without separate index lookups.","hint_1":"Build two tuples first, then unpack each tuple directly in the `for` loop header.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Build two tuple records and loop through them with unpacking.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Build two tuple records and loop through them with unpacking.\n"}},"solutionCode":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\nrecords = [(name1, score1), (name2, score2)]\nfor name, score in records:\n print(f\"{name} -> {score}\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\nrecords = [(name1, score1), (name2, score2)]\nfor name, score in records:\n print(f\"{name} -> {score}\")\n"}}}}},"updating-and-looping-dictionaries":{"label":"Mizajou ak Sikilasyon Diksyonè","summary":"Ajoute, mete ajou, efase, epi itilize yon bouk pou travèse done diksyonè yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ajoute, chanje, ak retire antre diksyonè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Fè yon bouk nan kle yo ak valè yo"},"sketch2":{"title":"Modèl diksyonè komen"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Looping through key-value pairs"},"sketch4":{"title":"Building a dictionary in a loop"},"project":{"title":"Mizajou Diksyonè Pratik"}},"quiz":{"sc-dict-update-existing":{"title":"Mizajou yon kle ki egziste deja","prompt":"Kisa k rive nan Python lè w kouri `profile[\"age\"] = 13` epi kle `\"age\"` la deja nan diksyonè a?","hint":"Asiyasyon ak yon kle ki egziste deja ranplase ansyen valè kle sa a.","help":{"concept":"Asiyasyon diksyonè a itilize kle a pou deside kote valè a ale. Si kle a deja egziste, Python kenbe kle a epi li chanje sèlman valè ki estoke a.","hint_1":"Sa a se pa yon operasyon endèks lis. Python chèche kle a `\"age\"` nan diksyonè a.","hint_2":"Mande si kle a nouvo oswa si li deja egziste. Kle ki egziste deja yo chanje, yo pa kopye."},"options":{"a":"Li mete ajou valè ki estoke pou `\"age\"`","b":"Li kreye yon dezyèm antre separe pou `\"age\"`.","c":"Li retire kle \"`\"age\"`\" la.","d":"Li tounen diksyonè a an yon lis"}},"sc-loop-direct-dict":{"title":"Sikle dirèkteman sou yon diksyonè","prompt":"Si `colors = {\"red\": 1, \"blue\": 2}`, kisa `for item in colors:` ba ou sou chak bouk?","hint":"Lè w itilize yon diksyonè poukont li, li ba ou yon sèl pati nan chak pè kle-valè, pa toude pati yo.","help":{"concept":"Yon bouk `for` senp sou yon diksyonè iterate sou kle li yo. Pou jwenn kle yo ak valè yo ansanm, ou itilize `.items()`.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa `item` ta ye an premye: yon non koulè oswa yon nimewo?","hint_2":"Varyab bouk la koresponn ak etikèt rechèch diksyonè a, pati ou itilize yo ant krèy kare."},"options":{"a":"Chak kle, tankou `\"red\"` ak `\"blue\"`","b":"Chak valè, tankou `1` ak `2`","c":"Chak kle ak valè ansanm otomatikman","d":"Longè diksyonè a chak fwa"}},"mc-valid-dict-changes":{"title":"Fason pou chanje yon diksyonè","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki ka chanje kontni yon diksyonè ki rele `stock`? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Panse sou ajoute oswa mete ajou ak kwochè kare, epi retire ak `del`.","help":{"concept":"Diksyonè yo ka chanje lè ou asiyen yon kle oswa lè ou efase yon kle. Lè ou li yon valè oswa enprime diksyonè a, sa pa modifye li.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon ki swa estoke yon valè nan `stock[...]` oswa retire yon kle nan `stock`.","hint_2":"Yon chwa kòrèk ajoute oswa mete ajou yon kle, epi yon lòt chwa kòrèk retire yon kle nèt."},"options":{"a":"`stock[\"pens\"] = 12`","b":"`del stock[\"pens\"]`","c":"`print(stock[\"pens\"])`","d":"`len(stock)`"}},"mc-items-loop":{"title":"Sèvi ak `.items()`","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou `for key, value in data.items():` ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Konsantre sou sa `.items()` bay nan bouk la.","help":{"concept":"Metòd `.items()` la bay pè kle-valè, konsa bouk la ka dekonprese chak pè an de varyab.","hint_1":"Tcheke si bouk la resevwa yon sèl bagay oswa de bagay nan chak antre diksyonè.","hint_2":"De deklarasyon yo vre: youn sou fason pou jwenn toude pati nan chak antre, epi youn sou sans `key` ak `value`."},"options":{"a":"Li pèmèt ou travay ak kle a ak valè a nan chak bouk.","b":"`key` Sere kle diksyonè a pou pè aktyèl la.","c":"Li mache sèlman pou lis, pa pou diksyonè.","d":"Li retire antre yo pandan li ap boukle."}},"dr-update-sequence":{"title":"Kòmande chanjman diksyonè yo","prompt":"Mete liy sa yo nan bon lòd pou kreye yon diksyonè, mete ajou yon valè, ajoute yon nouvo kle, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint":"Kòmanse pa kreye diksyonè a anvan ou eseye chanje li.","help":{"concept":"Yon diksyonè dwe egziste anvan ou ka mete ajou oswa ajoute antre. Apre chanjman yo, enprime a montre eta final la.","hint_1":"Premye a se liy literal diksyonè a, epi dènye a se \"`print`\".","hint_2":"Ant yo, mete ajou kle `\"tea\"` ki egziste deja epi ajoute nouvo kle `\"juice\"` la."},"tokens":{"t1":"bwason = {\"te\": 2}","t2":"bwason[\"te\"] = 3","t3":"bwason[\"ji\"] = 1","t4":"print(drinks)"}},"dr-loop-items-order":{"title":"Bati yon bouk ak `.items()`","prompt":"Aranje jeton yo pou fè yon bouk ki enprime chak kle ak valè ki soti nan`scores`.","hint":"Antèt bouk la vini an premye, apre sa liy enprime ki gen retresi a.","help":{"concept":"Yon bouk diksyonè ak `.items()` itilize `for key, value in scores.items():` epi apre sa yon deklarasyon anndan bouk la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `.items()` nan antèt bouk la pou tou de varyab yo resevwa done.","hint_2":"Apre kolon an, pwochen liy lan ta dwe gen yon entansyon epi enprime tou de varyab bouk yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"for non, nòt nan scores.items():","t2":"print(name, score)"}},"fb-remove-key":{"title":"Retire yon antre nan diksyonè a","prompt":"Chwazi kòd ki manke a pou retire kle `\"done\"` nan diksyonè a.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa kòmand la dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"[blank1] tach[\"fini\"]","choices":["del","Enprime","retounen","pou"]},"fb-items-method":{"title":"Konplete metòd bouk la","prompt":"Chwazi metòd ki manke a pou bouk la jwenn tou de kle yo ak valè yo.","hint":"Itilize metòd diksyonè a ki retounen pè kle-valè.","help":{"concept":"Metòd `.the missing term()` la retounen chak antre diksyonè kòm yon pè kle-valè, ki ka dekonpaké nan de varyab bouk.","hint_1":"Metòd tankou `.keys()` ak `.values()` bay sèlman yon pati chak.","hint_2":"Ou bezwen metòd ki koresponn ak `for key, value in ...`."},"template":"pou kle, valè nan done.[blank1]():","choices":["atik","Kle","valè","Ajoute"]},"ci-update-score":{"title":"Mete yon nòt ajou epi retounen diksyonè a","prompt":"Ekri `update_score(scores, name, new_score)` pou mete ajou antre ki egziste deja pou `name` oswa ajoute li si li pa la, epi retounen diksyonè `scores` la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def update_score(scores, name, new_score):\n # update or add the score, then return the dictionary\n pass","solutionCode":"def update_score(scores, name, new_score):\n scores[name] = new_score\n return scores"},"ci-remove-key":{"title":"Retire yon kle si li egziste","prompt":"Ekri `remove_item(data, key_name)` pou li retire `key_name` nan diksyonè a lè kle sa a prezan, epi li retounen diksyonè a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Retire yon kle si li egziste\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def remove_item(data, key_name):\n # remove the key when it is present, then return the dictionary\n pass","solutionCode":"def remove_item(data, key_name):\n if key_name in data:\n del data[key_name]\n return data"},"ci-format-items":{"title":"Bati liy apati pè diksyonè","prompt":"Ekri `format_inventory(items)` pou li konstwi epi retounen yon lis chenn nan fòma `\"name: count\"`, tankou `\"pens: 3\"`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman yo mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def format_inventory(items):\n # return a list like [\"pens: 3\", \"paper: 2\"]\n result = []\n \n return result","solutionCode":"def format_inventory(items):\n result = []\n for name, count in items.items():\n result.append(f\"{name}: {count}\")\n return result"},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-checkpoint":{"title":"Mizajou ak sik atravè nòt yo","prompt":"Mete nòt Mia a sou `91`, epi enprime chak non ak nòt kòm `name: score`.","hint":"Asiyen bay `scores[\"Mia\"]`, epi fè yon bouk ak `.items()`.","help":{"concept":"Diksyonè yo ka mete ajou lè yo asiyen yon valè bay yon kle ki egziste deja.","hint_1":"Asiyen bay `scores[\"Mia\"]`, epi boukle ak `.items()`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"scores = {\"Ava\": 88, \"Mia\": 79}\n\n# Update Mia to 91.\n# Print each name and score.\n","solutionCode":"scores = {\"Ava\": 88, \"Mia\": 79}\nscores[\"Mia\"] = 91\nfor name, score in scores.items():\n print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Mete scores['Mia'] a 91 olye pou enprime rezilta final la dirèkteman."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch0":{"title":"Mizajou yon konte","prompt":"Li, mete ajou, epi estoke yon valè diksyonè.","hint":"Ogmante pòm yo pa 3.","help":{"concept":"Ogmante pòm yo pa 3.","hint_1":"Ogmante pòm yo pa 3, epi enprime kantite yo.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"counts = {'apples': 2, 'bananas': 1}\n\n# Increase apples by 3.\n# Then print counts.\n","solutionCode":"counts = {'apples': 2, 'bananas': 1}\ncounts['apples'] += 3\nprint(counts)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ogmante konte 'apples' pa 3 olye pou ranplase diksyonè final la."},"1":{"message":"Print the updated `stock` dictionary itself after changing it."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime liy envantè yo","prompt":"Itilize `.items()` pou sikle kle yo ak valè yo ansanm.","hint":"Fè yon bouk atravè envantè a epi enprime liy tankou: plim: 3.","help":{"concept":"Fè yon bouk atravè envantè a epi enprime liy tankou: plim: 3.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"inventory = {'pens': 3, 'markers': 2}\n\n# Loop through inventory and print lines like: pens: 3\n","solutionCode":"inventory = {'pens': 3, 'markers': 2}\nfor item, count in inventory.items():\n print(f'{item}: {count}')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk atravè envantè a olye pou w tape liy envantè yo dirèkteman."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch2":{"title":"Konstwi yon diksyonè longè","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis epi ranpli yon diksyonè.","hint":"Sere longè chak mo nan lengths.","help":{"concept":"Sere longè chak mo nan lengths.","hint_1":"Sere longè chak mo nan lengths, epi enprime lengths yo.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"words = ['red', 'blue']\nlengths = {}\n\n# Store each word's length in lengths.\n# Then print lengths.\n","solutionCode":"words = ['red', 'blue']\nlengths = {}\nfor word in words:\n lengths[word] = len(word)\nprint(lengths)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon sik atravè mo yo olye pou w tape diksyonè longè final la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak len(word) pou kalkile longè chak mo."},"2":{"message":"Stok chak longè ak lengths[word] = len(word)."}}},"sc-add-or-update":{"title":"Use one assignment for add or update","prompt":"What does `stock[item] = amount` do when `item` is used as a dictionary key?","hint":"The same square-bracket assignment works whether the key already exists or not.","help":{"concept":"Dictionary assignment adds a new key when it is missing and updates the value when the key already exists.","hint_1":"Python checks whether the key stored in `item` is already present in `stock`.","hint_2":"A missing key is added; an existing key receives the new value."},"options":{"a":"It adds the key if missing or updates its value if it already exists","b":"It can only add new keys","c":"It can only change existing keys","d":"It removes the key from the dictionary"}},"sc-safe-delete":{"title":"Remove a key only when it exists","prompt":"Which pattern safely removes the key stored in `key` from `settings` only when that key exists?","hint":"Check membership before using `del`.","help":{"concept":"A membership check can guard a deletion so a missing key does not cause an error.","hint_1":"Use `key in settings` as the condition.","hint_2":"Place `del settings[key]` inside that `if` block."},"options":{"a":"if key in settings:\n del settings[key]","b":"if settings[key]:\n del key","c":"settings.remove(key)","d":"del key in settings"}},"sc-items-loop":{"title":"Get keys and values together","prompt":"Which loop header gives both the key and value from each entry in `scores`?","hint":"Use the dictionary method that provides key-value pairs.","help":{"concept":"`.items()` provides each dictionary entry as a key-value pair that can be unpacked into two loop variables.","hint_1":"The loop needs two variables because each item contains two pieces.","hint_2":"Use `for name, score in scores.items():`."},"options":{"a":"for name, score in scores.items():","b":"for name, score in scores:","c":"for score in scores.values, names:","d":"for scores.items() in name, score:"}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch3":{"title":"Print dynamic score pairs with .items()","prompt":"Two student names and scores arrive as input. Build a dictionary named `scores` from those two pairs. Then loop through the dictionary's `items()` method by unpacking each pair into `name` and `score`. Print each entry exactly as `name: score`.","hint":"Build the dictionary first, then use `for name, score in scores.items():`.","help":{"concept":"`.items()` lets a loop work with the key and value together without a separate lookup.","hint_1":"Create `scores = {name1: score1, name2: score2}`.","hint_2":"In the loop, print `f\"{name}: {score}\"`."},"starterCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Create scores from the two name/score pairs.\n# Loop through scores.items() as name, score.\n# Print each entry as: name: score\n","solutionCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\nscores = {name1: score1, name2: score2}\nfor name, score in scores.items():\n print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `scores` as the prompt requests."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch4":{"title":"Build word lengths in a dictionary","prompt":"Three words arrive as input. Store them in a list named `words`. Create an empty dictionary named `lengths`. Loop through `words` and store each word as a key with `len(word)` as its value. Print the completed `lengths` dictionary.","hint":"Inside the loop, assign to a dictionary key with `lengths[word] = len(word)`.","help":{"concept":"A loop can build a dictionary one key-value pair at a time.","hint_1":"Create `words` from the three inputs and initialize `lengths = {}` before the loop.","hint_2":"For each `word`, store its calculated length with `lengths[word] = len(word)`."},"starterCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\n# Create words from the three input values.\n# Create an empty dictionary named lengths.\n# Loop through words and store each word's length.\n# Print lengths.\n","solutionCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\nwords = [first, second, third]\nlengths = {}\nfor word in words:\n lengths[word] = len(word)\nprint(lengths)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `words` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Mete nòt Mia a sou `91`, epi enprime chak non ak nòt kòm `name: score`."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li, mete ajou, epi estoke yon valè diksyonè."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize `.items()` pou sikle kle yo ak valè yo ansanm."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis epi ranpli yon diksyonè."},"allowReveal":true,"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Two student names and scores arrive as input. Build a dictionary named `scores` from those two pairs. Then loop through the dictionary's `items()` method by unpacking each pair into `name` and `score`. Print each entry exactly as `name: score`."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch4":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Build a word-length dictionary one entry at a time inside a loop."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_update_score":{"title":"Mete yon nòt ajou epi retounen diksyonè a"},"ci_remove_key":{"title":"Retire yon kle si li egziste"},"ci_format_items":{"title":"Bati liy apati pè diksyonè"}}},"module-5-gradebook-project":{"label":"Pwojè Kaye Nòt Modil 5","summary":"Bati yon ti pwojè rejis nòt pa etap konsantre ki kenbe vèsyon k ap fonksyone anvan an epi ajoute yon lide koleksyon chak fwa.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Konprann Lis ak Diksyonè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou"},"project":{"title":"Pwojè Kaye Nòt"}},"projectSteps":{"exercise1":{"title":"Kreye yon lis elèv"},"exercise2":{"title":"Ajoute nòt pou elèv yo"},"exercise3":{"title":"Kalkile mwayèn nòt la"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_module_5_gradebook_project_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri yon fonksyon `create_student_list` ki retounen yon lis non elèv yo. Fonksyon an pa dwe pran okenn paramèt epi li dwe retounen yon lis ki gen 'Alice', 'Bob', ak 'Charlie'."}},"quiz":{"exercise1":{"title":"Kreye yon lis elèv","prompt":"Kòmanse pwojè modil la. Nan etap 1 sou 3, ekri yon fonksyon `create_student_list` ki retounen yon lis non elèv yo. Fonksyon an pa dwe pran okenn paramèt epi li dwe retounen yon lis ki gen 'Alice', 'Bob', ak 'Charlie'.","hint":"Sa a se premye etap pwojè a. Bati yon vèsyon kòmansman pwòp, epi kouri li anvan ou kontinye.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè modil sa a pwogresif. Chak etap kòmanse ak solisyon ki te deja ap fonksyone epi li ajoute yon karakteristik ki byen konsantre.","hint_1":"Sa a se premye etap pwojè a. Bati yon vèsyon kòmansman pwòp, epi kouri li anvan ou kontinye.","hint_2":"Klike sou Kouri epi konpare panèl sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def create_student_list():\n # Create a list of student names\n return []","solutionCode":"def create_student_list():\n return ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']"},"exercise2":{"title":"Ajoute nòt pou elèv yo","prompt":"Kontinye menm pwojè modil la depi etap travay anvan an. Nan etap 2 sou 3, ekri yon fonksyon `add_grades` ki pran yon lis non elèv ak yon lis nòt, epi ki retounen yon diksyonè ki map chak elèv ak nòt li.","hint":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè modil sa a pwogresif. Chak etap kòmanse ak solisyon ki te deja ap fonksyone epi li ajoute yon karakteristik ki byen konsantre.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ki t ap fonksyone anvan an an premye, epi fè sèlman chanjman ki konsantre pou etap sa a."},"starterCode":"def create_student_list():\n return ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n# Project step 2: Add Grades to Students\n# Keep the working code above from the previous step.\n# Next, Write a function `add_grades` that takes a list of student names and a list of grades, and returns a dictionary mapping each student to their grade\n# Add only the focused change for this step below or inside the existing work.\n","solutionCode":"def add_grades(students, grades):\n return dict(zip(students, grades))"},"exercise3":{"title":"Kalkile mwayèn nòt la","prompt":"Kontinye menm pwojè modil la depi etap travay anvan an. Nan etap 3 sou 3, ekri yon fonksyon `calculate_average` ki pran yon diksyonè nòt elèv yo epi retounen mwayèn nòt la.","hint":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè modil sa a pwogresif. Chak etap kòmanse ak solisyon ki te deja ap fonksyone epi li ajoute yon karakteristik ki byen konsantre.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ki te deja ap mache a an premye, epi fè sèlman chanjman ki konsantre pou etap sa a."},"starterCode":"def add_grades(students, grades):\n return dict(zip(students, grades))\n# Project step 3: Calculate Average Grade\n# Keep the working code above from the previous step.\n# Next, Write a function `calculate_average` that takes a dictionary of student grades and returns the average grade\n# Add only the focused change for this step below or inside the existing work.\n","solutionCode":"def calculate_average(grades):\n return sum(grades.values()) / len(grades)"}}}},"python-6-functions-and-modularity":{"decomposition-and-refactoring":{"label":"Dekompozisyon ak Refaktoring","summary":"Divize yon gwo travay an fonksyon èd ki klè.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Poukisa kraze yon pwogram an fonksyon èd?"},"sketch1":{"title":"Rekonèt kòd ki repete"},"sketch2":{"title":"Fè chak fonksyon fè yon sèl travay klè."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Refaktore yon gwo travay an edikatè ki ka itilize ankò."}},"quiz":{"sc-1":{"title":"Pi bon rezon pou ekstrè yon helper","prompt":"Ki sitiyasyon ki bay rezon ki pi fò pou mete kòd nan yon fonksyon èd?","hint":"Chèche lojik ki repete ki fè menm travay la nan plis pase yon sèl kote.","help":{"concept":"Fonksyon èd yo espesyalman itil lè menm lojik la parèt plizyè fwa, paske yon sèl fonksyon ka ranplase kòd ki repete epi fè mizajou yo pi fasil.","hint_1":"Konpare chwa yo epi jwenn youn kote menm etap yo ta sinon kopye.","hint_2":"Yon èd gen plis valè lè yon travay ki ka reitilize parèt plizyè fwa, pa sèlman paske yon pwogram gen anpil liy."},"options":{"a":"Yon non varyab kout","b":"Menm etap netwayaj yo ekri nan plizyè kote.","c":"Pwogram nan itilize input() yon sèl fwa.","d":"Yon deklarasyon enprime parèt nan fen an."}},"sc-2":{"title":"Sa refactorizasyon ta dwe konsève","prompt":"Lè w refaktore yon pwogram k ap mache, kisa ki ta dwe rete menm jan?","hint":"Refactorizasyon chanje estrikti, pa rezilta pwogram nan vize a.","help":{"concept":"Refactorizasyon amelyore lizibilite oswa òganizasyon pandan li prezève konpòtman, kidonk pwogram nan ta dwe toujou pwodwi menm rezilta pou menm antre yo.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa itilizatè yo remake: pwogram nan dwe toujou rezoud menm pwoblèm nan kòrèkteman.","hint_2":"Aranjman kòd la ka chanje, men rezilta ak konpòtman pou menm antre a pa dwe chanje."},"options":{"a":"Kantite fonksyon yo dwe diminye","b":"Non varyab yo dwe rete idantik","c":"Konpòtman pwogram nan pou menm antre a dwe rete kòrèk.","d":"Chak liy dwe rete nan menm lòd la"}},"mc-1":{"title":"Siy ki montre yon fonksyon ap fè twòp","prompt":"Ki chwa yo ki sijere ke yon fonksyon ta dwe divize an ti fonksyon èd? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Chèche responsablite melanje ak moso lojik ki repete.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon souvan bezwen dekonpozisyon lè li jere plizyè travay diferan oswa li gen lòjik ki repete ki ta ka reitilize lòt kote.","hint_1":"Youn nan endis yo se ke fonksyon an toude transfòme done epi fòmate rezilta final la nan yon blòk long.","hint_2":"Yon lòt endis se lè w wè moso kòd ki prèske menm jan oswa yon fonksyon ki eseye netwaye, kalkile, epi afiche tout an menm tan."},"options":{"a":"Li netwaye tèks la, kalkile yon rezilta, epi fòmate yon mesaj nan yon sèl blòk long.","b":"Li genyen moso kòd ki repete ak sèlman ti chanjman.","c":"Li gen yon sèl deklarasyon retou kout pou yon sèl travay klè.","d":"Li difisil pou dekri travay fonksyon an nan yon fraz."}},"mc-2":{"title":"Avantaj fonksyon èd yo","prompt":"Ki vrè benefis ki genyen lè w divize kòd an fonksyon èd? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Panse sou lizibilite, reyitilizasyon, ak tès.","help":{"concept":"Fonksyon èd yo amelyore òganizasyon an lè yo bay ti travay yo non klè, diminye redondans, epi fè lojik la pi fasil pou teste separeman.","hint_1":"Etydè itil yo anjeneral fè kòd la pi fasil pou li epi pèmèt ou reitilize yon moso lojik nan plizyè kote.","hint_2":"Yo ede w teste yon ti konpòtman alafwa; yo pa fè chak pwogram ki gen liy pi kout otomatikman."},"options":{"a":"Ou ka reitilize menm lojik la nan plizyè kote.","b":"Ti moso pi fasil pou teste youn apre lòt.","c":"Chak pwogram ap toujou itilize mwens liy an total","d":"Non fonksyon yo ka esplike sa chak etap fè."}},"dr-1":{"title":"Refaktore netwayaj repete","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan pi bon lòd pou refaktore kòd netwayaj tèks ki repete a an yon fonksyon èd.","hint":"Premyeman idantifye travay ki repete a, apre sa defini èd la, epi ranplase duplikat yo.","help":{"concept":"Yon refactoraj pwòp anjeneral kòmanse lè w remake lojik ki repete, w ekstrè li nan yon fonksyon, epi w rele fonksyon sa a kote sa nesesè.","hint_1":"Ou pa ta dwe ranplase ansyen kòd ak apèl edikatè anvan edikatè a egziste.","hint_2":"Konpòtman ki repete a dwe idantifye an premye, apre sa deplase l nan yon fonksyon, epi itilize l apati kote orijinal yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"Remake menm lojik netwayaj la parèt plis pase yon fwa.","t2":"Ekri yon fonksyon èd pou travay netwayaj sa a.","t3":"Ranplase kòd ki repete a ak apèl nan fonksyon èd la.","t4":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konfime ke konpòtman an toujou kòrèk."}},"dr-2":{"title":"Kijan yon pwogram ki baze sou èdye fonksyone","prompt":"Aranje etap yo nan lòd yo rive lè modèl sa a kouri: antre a netwaye, apre sa li itilize pou konstwi yon mesaj, epi li enprime.","hint":"Yon èd retounen yon valè anvan pwochen fonksyon an itilize li.","help":{"concept":"Nan kòd dekonpoze, yon fonksyon souvan retounen yon valè netwaye, yon lòt fonksyon itilize valè sa a pou konstwi yon rezilta, epi kòd prensipal la enprime rezilta final la.","hint_1":"Tèks ki netwaye a dwe egziste anvan yo ka konstwi yon salitasyon oswa yon rezime apati de li.","hint_2":"Enpresyon se anjeneral dènye etap la apre fonksyon èd yo fin retounen valè ki nesesè yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele asistan netwayaj la ak tèks orijinal la","t2":"Resevwa tèks ki netwaye a kòm valè retou.","t3":"Sèvi ak tèks ki netwaye a pou konstwi mesaj final la.","t4":"Enprime mesaj final la"}},"fb-1":{"title":"Rele asistan an","prompt":"Chwazi apèl fonksyon ki itilize èd la pou netwaye varyab `name` la.","hint":"Blank la ta dwe yon apèl ki pase `name` nan helper la.","help":{"concept":"Pou itilize yon fonksyon èd, ekri non li, mete l nan parantèz epi pase agiman ki nesesè a andedan.","hint_1":"Ou ap ranpli bò dwat yon devwa, kidonk espas vid la dwe pwodwi yon valè.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki rele `clean_name` ak `name` andedan parantèz yo."},"template":"non bèl = [espas1]","choices":["netwaye_non(non)","non = netwaye_non","print(name)","retounen non_pwòp"]},"fb-2":{"title":"Retou soti nan yon èd","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki manke a ki voye valè ki kalkile a tounen soti nan fonksyon an.","hint":"Anndan yon fonksyon, yon mo kle voye yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon èd itilize retou valè pa referans (`the missing term`) pou voye yon rezilta tounen, konsa lòt kòd ka anrejistre li, enprime li, oswa itilize li nan yon lòt kalkil.","hint_1":"`print` Li montre tèks nan panèl sòti a, men li pa voye yon valè reyitilizab tounen bay apèlè a.","hint_2":"Mo ki manke a se mo kle yo itilize anvan yon ekspresyon tankou `text.strip()` lè fonksyon an dwe pwodwi yon valè."},"template":"def clean_text(text):\n [blank1] text.strip().lower()","choices":["retounen","Enprime","Antre","defini"]},"ci-1":{"title":"Ekstrè yon èd pou netwaye","prompt":"Ekri `clean_name(name)` pou li retounen vèsyon netwaye `name`. Ede sa a ta dwe fè travay netwayaj non an olye pou li repete lòt kote.","hint":"Li tach la \"Extract a cleaning helper\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(name):\n # return the cleaned version of name\n pass","solutionCode":"def clean_name(name):\n return name.strip().title()"},"ci-2":{"title":"Bati yon rezime ak èdè","prompt":"Divize travay sa a an de fonksyon èd. `word_count(text)` ta dwe retounen kantite mo yo, epi `summary(text)` ta dwe rele fonksyon èd sa a epi retounen yon chèn tankou `Words: 3`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Bati yon rezime ak èd\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def word_count(text):\n # return the number of words\n pass\n\n\ndef summary(text):\n # return a string like: Words: 3\n pass","solutionCode":"def word_count(text):\n return len(text.split())\n\n\ndef summary(text):\n count = word_count(text)\n return f\"Words: {count}\""},"ci-3":{"title":"Refaktore kalkil ki repete yo nan fonksyon èd.","prompt":"Konplete `double(number)` ak `triple(number)`, epi itilize fonksyon ede sa yo andedan `combined_total(a, b)` olye pou w repete kalkil yo la.","hint":"Li tach la \"Refactor repeated math into helpers\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def double(number):\n pass\n\n\ndef triple(number):\n pass\n\n\ndef combined_total(a, b):\n # use the helper functions here\n pass","solutionCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\n\ndef triple(number):\n return number * 3\n\n\ndef combined_total(a, b):\n return double(a) + triple(b)"},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-checkpoint":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon fonksyon èd.","prompt":"Defini `clean_title(text)` ki retire espas vid epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil nan tèks la. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" python helper \"` la.","hint":"Sèvi ak `.strip().title()` andedan yon fonksyon èd.","help":{"concept":"Dekompozisyon vle di deplase yon sèl etap klè nan yon fonksyon èd.","hint_1":"Itilize `.strip().title()` andedan yon fonksyon èd.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def clean_title(text):\n # Return the cleaned title.\n pass\n\nprint(clean_title(\" python helper \"))\n","solutionCode":"def clean_title(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\nprint(clean_title(\" python helper \"))\n"},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye tèks ak yon èd","prompt":"Avanse yon sèl pa klè nan yon fonksyon èd.","hint":"Retire espas vid epi mete tèks la an lèt piti.","help":{"concept":"Retire espas vid epi mete tèks la an lèt piti.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def clean_text(text):\n # Strip whitespace and lowercase the text.\n pass\n\nprint(clean_text(' HELLO '))\n","solutionCode":"def clean_text(text):\n return text.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_text(' HELLO '))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `clean_name(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Call `clean_name(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-sketch1":{"title":"Separe yon non konplè","prompt":"Yon èd ka kache yon ti etap tretman chèn.","hint":"Retounen premye mo nan full_name.","help":{"concept":"Retounen premye mo nan full_name.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def get_first_name(full_name):\n # Return the first word from full_name.\n pass\n\nprint(get_first_name('Ava Smith'))\n","solutionCode":"def get_first_name(full_name):\n return full_name.split()[0]\n\nprint(get_first_name('Ava Smith'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `word_count(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-sketch2":{"title":"Konbine de asistan","prompt":"Yon èd ka rele yon lòt èd.","hint":"Retounen 'Badge: ' plis non ki netwaye a.","help":{"concept":"Retounen 'Badge: ' plis non ki netwaye a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def clean(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef badge(name):\n # Return 'Badge: ' plus the cleaned name.\n pass\n\nprint(badge(' ava '))\n","solutionCode":"def clean(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef badge(name):\n return 'Badge: ' + clean(name)\n\nprint(badge(' ava '))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize clean(name) andedan badge la olye pou w kode yon egzanp fiks."}}},"sc-refactor-goal":{"title":"What refactoring should preserve","prompt":"What is the main goal when refactoring code that already works?","hint":"The structure may improve, but the program should still do the same job for the same inputs.","help":{"concept":"Refactoring changes code structure without intentionally changing observable behavior.","hint_1":"Function names and line layout may change.","hint_2":"The same inputs should still produce the same intended results."},"options":{"a":"Improve the structure while preserving the program's behavior","b":"Change the output so the refactor is easy to notice","c":"Remove every function from the program","d":"Keep every original line in exactly the same place"}},"sc-extract-repetition":{"title":"Spot a helper candidate","prompt":"A program uses `name.strip().title()` in four different places. Which refactor best reduces that duplication?","hint":"Move the repeated transformation into one named operation.","help":{"concept":"Repeated logic is a strong candidate for a helper function.","hint_1":"The cleanup should have one definition.","hint_2":"Each old duplicate can then be replaced by a helper call."},"options":{"a":"Create `clean_name(name)` and call it from each place","b":"Copy the cleanup into four more places","c":"Rename all four variables but keep the duplicate cleanup","d":"Add extra print statements around each copy"}},"sc-one-responsibility":{"title":"Give a helper one clear job","prompt":"Which helper has the clearest single responsibility in a program that reads text, counts words, and formats a report?","hint":"A helper is easiest to understand when its name describes one focused task.","help":{"concept":"Decomposition separates distinct jobs so each function has a clear responsibility.","hint_1":"Counting words is one focused transformation.","hint_2":"Reading input, counting, formatting, and printing all at once mixes several responsibilities."},"options":{"a":"`word_count(text)` returns the number of words","b":"`do_everything()` reads input, counts, formats, and prints","c":"`stuff(x)` performs several unrelated actions","d":"`run()` duplicates the whole program twice"}},"sc-helper-reuse":{"title":"Reuse an existing helper","prompt":"`clean_name(name)` already returns a cleaned name. Inside `build_badge(name)`, which line best reuses that existing responsibility?","hint":"Call the helper instead of rewriting its `.strip().title()` logic.","help":{"concept":"Once a responsibility has a helper, other functions should call that helper instead of duplicating its implementation.","hint_1":"The helper call should receive `name`.","hint_2":"Store or use the value returned by `clean_name(name)`."},"options":{"a":"nice_name = clean_name(name)","b":"nice_name = name.strip().title()","c":"clean_name = name","d":"print = clean_name"}}},"tryIt":{"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `clean_title(text)` ki retire espas vid epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil nan tèks la. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" python helper \"` la."},"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Avanse yon sèl pa klè nan yon fonksyon asistans."},"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon èd ka kache yon ti etap tretman chèn."},"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon èd ka rele yon lòt èd."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_1":{"title":"Ekstrè yon èd pou netwaye"},"ci_2":{"title":"Bati yon rezime ak èdè"},"ci_3":{"title":"Refaktore kalkil ki repete yo nan fonksyon èd."}}},"defining-and-calling-functions":{"label":"Definir ak Rele Fonksyon","summary":"Kreye fonksyon epi rele yo ak agiman.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ki fonksyon sa fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Apèl fonksyon ak agiman"},"sketch2":{"title":"Fonksyon yo ka retounen valè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pwojè Fonksyon Pratik"}},"quiz":{"sc-function-call":{"title":"Rekonèt yon apèl fonksyon","prompt":"Ki liy ki rele yon fonksyon ki rele `greet`?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"def greet():","b":"Salye","c":"Enprime = Salye","d":"retounen salye"}},"sc-parameter-meaning":{"title":"Konprann yon paramèt","prompt":"Nan `def greet(name):`, kisa `name` ye?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Yon mesaj enprime","b":"Yon paramèt","c":"Yon valè retou","d":"Yon lis"}},"mc-valid-calls":{"title":"Chwazi apèl fonksyon ki valab yo.","prompt":"Yon fonksyon defini kòm `def greet(name):`. Ki apèl ki valab? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Fonksyon an atann egzakteman yon sèl agiman.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fonksyon gen yon sèl paramèt, chak apèl dwe bay yon sèl agiman andedan parantèz yo.","hint_1":"Tcheke konbyen valè chak apèl pase bay`greet(...)`.","hint_2":"Apèl valab yo gen egzakteman yon sèl valè ant parantèz yo, ni zewo ni de."},"options":{"a":"Salye Ava","b":"Salye","c":"Salye (\"Ava\", \"Leo\")","d":"Salye Mina"}},"mc-return-uses":{"title":"Fason pou itilize yon valè ki retounen","prompt":"Yon fonksyon `double(x)` retounen yon nimewo. Ki liy yo itilize valè retounen sa a kòrèkteman? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Yon valè retounen ka estoke oswa enprime.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fonksyon retounen yon valè, ou ka mete apèl la nenpòt kote yo ka itilize yon valè nòmal, tankou nan yon asiyasyon oswa andedan yon ekspresyon kondisyonèl (`print(...)`).","hint_1":"Chèche liy kote `double(4)` trete tankou yon valè.","hint_2":"Liy kòrèk yo swa estoke rezilta a nan yon varyab oswa pase rezilta a nan yon lòt fonksyon tankou `print`."},"options":{"a":"rezilta = double(4)","b":"print(double(4))","c":"retou = double(4)","d":"def double(4):"}},"dr-define-then-call":{"title":"Kòmande yon pwogram pou yon fonksyon senp","prompt":"Mete liy sa yo nan bon lòd pou defini yon fonksyon epi rele li.","hint":"Fonksyon an dwe defini anvan yo rele li.","help":{"concept":"Python li kòd la depi anlè desann. Definisyon yon fonksyon vini an premye, kò li rete antre anba li, epi apèl la vini apre definisyon an.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy `def` la, epi mete liy kò a ki gen entansyon anba li.","hint_2":"Apre de liy definisyon yo fin ansanm, mete apèl fonksyon an an dènye."},"tokens":{"t1":"def say_hi():","t2":"print(\"Hi\")","t3":"di bonjou()"}},"dr-call-with-argument":{"title":"Kòmande yon fonksyon ak yon paramèt","prompt":"Arranje liy yo pou defini yon e`show_name`, epi rele li ak `\"Ava\"`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki mete aksyon Python an an plas.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"def show_name(name):","t2":"print(name)","t3":"show_name(\"Ava\")"}},"fb-def-keyword":{"title":"Konplete yon definisyon fonksyon","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki kòmanse yon definisyon fonksyon.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa ki dekri nan mesaj la.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"[blank1] salye():","choices":["defini","Enprime","rele","retounen"]},"fb-call-argument":{"title":"Ranpli agiman an","prompt":"Chwazi valè ki konplete apèl fonksyon an.","hint":"Apèl fonksyon an ta dwe pase non ki parèt nan gitas.","help":{"concept":"Yon agiman se valè ki mete andedan parantèz yo lè w ap rele yon fonksyon.","hint_1":"Gade sitasyon yo ki deja parèt nan apèl la.","hint_2":"Pati ki manke a se valè tèks egzak ki ant parantèz yo, enkli lèt majiskil la."},"template":"Salye","choices":["Ava","non","Salye","Enprime"]},"ci-make-greeting":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou salye","prompt":"Ekri `make_greeting(name)` pou li retounen yon chèn salitasyon pou non sa a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ekri yon fonksyon salitasyon\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n # return a greeting string\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n return \"Hello, \" + name"},"ci-square-number":{"title":"Remèt kare a","prompt":"Ekri `square(number)` pou li retounen kare `number`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def square(number):\n # return the square of number\n pass","solutionCode":"def square(number):\n return number * number"},"ci-full-name":{"title":"Konbine non premye ak non dènye","prompt":"Ekri `full_name(first, last)` pou li retounen prenon ak non ki konbine ansanm nan yon sèl chèn.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n # return the full name as one string\n pass","solutionCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n return first + \" \" + last"},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-checkpoint":{"title":"Defini epi rele yon fonksyon","prompt":"Defini `say_hello()` pou li enprime `Hello from a function!`, epi rele li.","hint":"Mete `print()` anndan kò fonksyon an, epi rele fonksyon ki anba li a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon gwoupe deklarasyon ki ka egzekite lè yo rele non fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Mete `print()` anndan kò fonksyon an, epi rele fonksyon ki anba li a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"# Define say_hello() below.\n\n","solutionCode":"def say_hello():\n print(\"Hello from a function!\")\n\nsay_hello()\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Defini yon fonksyon ki rele say_hello()."},"1":{"message":"Rele say_hello() apre ou fin defini li."}}},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-sketch0":{"title":"Defini epi rele greet","prompt":"Defini fonksyon an anvan ou rele li.","hint":"Defini greet(name) pou li retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name.","help":{"concept":"Defini greet(name) pou li retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name.","hint_1":"Defini greet(name) pou li retounen 'Hello, ' + name, epi enprime greet('Ava').","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"# Define greet(name) so it returns 'Hello, ' + name.\n# Then print greet('Ava').\n","solutionCode":"def greet(name):\n return 'Hello, ' + name\n\nprint(greet('Ava'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-sketch1":{"title":"Apèl yon fonksyon kare","prompt":"Rele fonksyon an epi enprime valè retou li.","hint":"Enprime kare(5).","help":{"concept":"Enprime kare (5).","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def square(number):\n return number * number\n\n# Print square(5).\n","solutionCode":"def square(number):\n return number * number\n\nprint(square(5))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon fonksyon èd de fwa","prompt":"Re-itilize menm fonksyon an pou de antre diferan.","hint":"Enprime shout('go') ak shout('team'), youn pa liy.","help":{"concept":"Enprime shout('go') ak shout('team'), youn pa liy.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def shout(text):\n return text.upper()\n\n# Print shout('go') and shout('team'), one per line.\n","solutionCode":"def shout(text):\n return text.upper()\n\nprint(shout('go'))\nprint(shout('team'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"sc-definition-vs-call":{"title":"Definition or call?","prompt":"Which line calls an already-defined function named `greet`?","hint":"A call uses the function name followed by parentheses, without the `def` keyword.","help":{"concept":"A function definition creates the named block of code; a function call runs that block.","hint_1":"`def greet():` starts the definition.","hint_2":"To run the function later, write `greet()`."},"options":{"a":"def greet():","b":"greet()","c":"print = greet","d":"return greet"}},"sc-function-body-indent":{"title":"Identify the function body","prompt":"Which line correctly belongs inside the body of `def show_message():`?","hint":"Statements inside a function body are indented under the `def` line.","help":{"concept":"Indentation tells Python which statements belong to the function body.","hint_1":"The body line must be indented.","hint_2":"The call itself belongs after the definition, not inside its body."},"options":{"a":" print(\"Ready\")","b":"def print(\"Ready\")","c":"show_message():","d":"return = \"Ready\""}},"sc-call-count":{"title":"Count function calls","prompt":"A function `ping()` prints `Ping` once. If the program contains `ping()` on two separate lines, how many times is `Ping` printed?","hint":"Each function call runs the function body once.","help":{"concept":"Calling the same function repeatedly reuses the same body each time.","hint_1":"The first call runs the print once.","hint_2":"The second call runs that same print once again."},"options":{"a":"Two times","b":"One time","c":"Zero times","d":"The function can only be called once"}},"sc-define-before-call":{"title":"Place the call after the definition","prompt":"Which program order correctly defines `cheer()` before trying to call it?","hint":"Python runs top-level statements from top to bottom.","help":{"concept":"The function name must already be defined by the time Python reaches the call.","hint_1":"Put the `def cheer():` block first.","hint_2":"Place `cheer()` after the indented function body."},"options":{"a":"define `cheer()`, then call `cheer()`","b":"call `cheer()`, then define `cheer()`","c":"call `cheer()` without defining it","d":"put the call before the indented body"}}},"tryIt":{"try_defining_and_calling_functions_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `say_hello()` pou li enprime `Hello from a function!`, epi rele li."},"try_defining_and_calling_functions_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini fonksyon an anvan ou rele li."},"try_defining_and_calling_functions_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Rele fonksyon an epi enprime valè retou li."},"try_defining_and_calling_functions_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Re-itilize menm fonksyon an pou de antre diferan."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_make_greeting":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou salye"},"ci_square_number":{"title":"Remèt kare a"},"ci_full_name":{"title":"Konbine non premye ak non dènye"}}},"docstrings-and-function-contracts":{"label":"Kòd dokimantasyon ak kontra fonksyon","summary":"Dokimante sa yon fonksyon atann, sa li retounen, ak kijan pou itilize li kòrèkteman.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon docstring ak yon kontra fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Ekri dokstreng ki klè"},"sketch2":{"title":"Kontrak yo ta dwe di retou olye de enprime."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Dokimante epi aliyen konpòtman fonksyon yo"}},"quiz":{"sc-docstring-location":{"title":"Kote yon docstring ale","prompt":"Ki kote yo ta dwe mete docstring yon fonksyon?","hint":"Chèche chèn ki parèt imedyatman andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon docstring fonksyon se premye literal chèn ki nan kò fonksyon an, dirèkteman anba liy deklarasyon an.","hint_1":"Li pa mete devan definisyon fonksyon an oswa apre deklarasyon return lan.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon kote chèn tèks ki ant twa guillemet vini touswit apre `def ...:`."},"options":{"a":"Drekteman anba definisyon fonksyon an kòm premye deklarasyon an","b":"Anndan lis paramèt la","c":"Apre deklarasyon retou a","d":"Sèlman nan fen pwogram nan"}},"sc-contract-purpose":{"title":"Sa yon kontra fonksyon eksplike","prompt":"Ki objektif prensipal yon kontra fonksyon?","hint":"Panse sou antre ak sòti.","help":{"concept":"Yon kontra fonksyon di lòt pwogramè ki valè yon fonksyon atann li epi ki rezilta oswa konpòtman li bay.","hint_1":"Yon kontra se sou fason pou itilize fonksyon an kòrèkteman, pa sou chanje sentaks Python.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki mansyone agiman yo espere ak rezilta ki retounen."},"options":{"a":"Li esplike ki antre fonksyon an atann ak sa li retounen.","b":"Li korije ensèk yo nan fonksyon an otomatikman.","c":"Sa fè fonksyon an kouri pi vit.","d":"Li ranplase bezwen non fonksyon yo."}},"mc-good-docstring-features":{"title":"Karakteristik yon docstring ki itil","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki dekri yon bon dokstring fonksyon? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Chèche deklarasyon ki fè fonksyon an pi fasil pou itilize kòrèkteman.","help":{"concept":"Dokstrings ki itil yo espesifik, yo koresponn ak kòd la, epi yo esplike konpòtman fonksyon an klè ase pou yon moun ka rele l kòrèkteman.","hint_1":"Bon dokstrings yo anjeneral mansyone sa fonksyon an retounen oswa sa li fè ak antre li yo.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki klè ak egzak, pa sa ki vag oswa ki pa gen rapò."},"options":{"a":"Li di klèman sa fonksyon an retounen oswa sa li fè.","b":"Li matche ak konpòtman aktyèl kòd la.","c":"Li ta dwe osi vag ke posib pou li mache pou nenpòt fonksyon.","d":"Li ka mansyone atant enpòtan pou antre yo."}},"mc-return-vs-print-contract":{"title":"Retou kont enprime nan yon kontra","prompt":"Yon docstring di yon fonksyon retounen yon valè. Ki modèl kòd ki matche ak kontra sa a? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche fonksyon ki voye yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon kontra di yon fonksyon retounen yon valè, fonksyon an dwe itilize yon valè retou (`return`) pou moun ki rele l la ka anrejistre oswa reitilize rezilta a.","hint_1":"Enpresyon montre rezilta, men li pa bay apèlè a yon valè ki ka itilize ankò.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki itilize \"`return`\" pou pwodwi rezilta a."},"options":{"a":"`return a + b`","b":"`return name.upper()`","c":"`print(a + b)`","d":"`print(\"Done\")`"}},"dr-docstring-order":{"title":"Lòd yon fonksyon dokimante","prompt":"Mete pati sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou yon fonksyon senp ki dokimante.","hint":"Kòmanse ak antèt fonksyon an, apre sa ak docstring la, epi ak kò a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon dokimante ekri nan yon lòd estanda: premye liy definisyon an, apre sa docstring la, epi kòd egzekitab la.","hint_1":"Docstring la dwe andedan fonksyon an, pa anvan liy `def` la.","hint_2":"Apre docstring la, mete deklarasyon ki kalkile oswa retounen rezilta a."},"tokens":{"t1":"`def double(number):`","t2":"`\"\"\"Return twice number.\"\"\"`","t3":"`return number * 2`"}},"dr-contract-reading":{"title":"Li yon kontra fonksyon nan lòd","prompt":"Aranje ide sa yo nan yon lòd ki sansib pou konprann yon kontra fonksyon.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste anvan yo apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Antre fonksyon an atann","t2":"Sa fonksyon an fè","t3":"Valè fonksyon an retounen"}},"fb-return-word":{"title":"Konplete tèks dokimantasyon an.","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki pi byen konplete dokstring la.","hint":"Fraz la dekri bay yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Docstrings souvan itilize mo \"`the missing term`\" lè yon fonksyon voye yon valè tounen olye pou l enprime li.","hint_1":"Espas vid sa a ta dwe yon vèb ki matche ak konpòtman stil`the missing term total`.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki vle di fonksyon an retounen yon rezilta bay moun ki rele l la."},"template":"`\"\"\"[blank1] the sum of two numbers.\"\"\"`","choices":["Retounen","Enprime","Fè yon bouk nan","Enpòte"]},"fb-docstring-position":{"title":"Konplete egzanp fonksyon an","prompt":"Chwazi liy ki ranpli espas vid la kòrèkteman.","hint":"Liy ki manke a ta dwe dokstring la, pa kòd ki fè kalkil la.","help":{"concept":"Docstring la se yon chèn deskriptif ki plase kòm premye deklarasyon anndan kò fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Blank la vini touswit apre tit fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi chèn tèks ki ant twa guillemet ki dekri rezilta fonksyon an."},"template":"```python\ndef square(number):\n [blank1]\n return number * number\n```","choices":["`\"\"\"Return the square of number.\"\"\"`","`print(number * number)`","`number * number`","`square(number)`"]},"ci-add-docstring":{"title":"Ajoute yon dokstring ki koresponn","prompt":"Ajoute yon docstring anba `make_lower(text)` ki di klèman sa fonksyon an retounen.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ajoute yon dokstring ki koresponn\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def make_lower(text):\n # Add a docstring below.\n return text.lower()","solutionCode":"def make_lower(text):\n \"\"\"Return the lowercase version of text.\"\"\"\n return text.lower()"},"ci-write-contract-function":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon dokimante ak yon kontra klè.","prompt":"Ekri `repeat_word(word, times)` pou li retounen tèks la repete, epi ajoute yon docstring ki esplike kontra a klèman.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ekri yon fonksyon dokimante ak yon kontra klè\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def repeat_word(word, times):\n # Add a docstring and return the repeated word.\n pass","solutionCode":"def repeat_word(word, times):\n \"\"\"Return word repeated times times.\"\"\"\n return word * times"},"ci-fix-print-vs-return":{"title":"Ranje dezakò kontra a","prompt":"Docstring la di ke fonksyon `total_price(price, tax)` ta dwe retounen total la, men kòd demaraj la enprime li pito. Ranje fonksyon an pou konpòtman li matche ak docstring la.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ranje dezakò kontra a\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def total_price(price, tax):\n \"\"\"Return the total of price and tax.\"\"\"\n print(price + tax)","solutionCode":"def total_price(price, tax):\n \"\"\"Return the total of price and tax.\"\"\"\n return price + tax"},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-checkpoint":{"title":"Ekri yon helper dokimante","prompt":"Defini `square(number)` ak yon docstring epi retounen kare nimewo a. Enprime `square(5)`.","hint":"Mete yon chèn tèks ki gen twa guillemet kòm premye liy anndan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon docstring dekri kontra fonksyon an pou lektè ak zouti.","hint_1":"Mete yon chèn tèks ki ant twa guyòt kòm premye liy anndan fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def square(number):\n # Add a docstring and return the square.\n pass\n\nprint(square(5))\n","solutionCode":"def square(number):\n \"\"\"Return number multiplied by itself.\"\"\"\n return number * number\n\nprint(square(5))\n"},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-sketch0":{"title":"Ekri yon helper dokimante","prompt":"Yon docstring esplike sa fonksyon an atann ak sa li retounen.","hint":"Ajoute yon docstring epi retounen tèks la san mak fòma epi ak tit an majiskil.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute yon docstring epi retounen tèks la san mak fòma epi ak tit an majiskil.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(text):\n # Add a docstring and return text stripped and title-cased.\n pass\n\nprint(clean_name(' ava '))\n","solutionCode":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped of extra space and converted to title case.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n\nprint(clean_name(' ava '))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-sketch1":{"title":"Retounen rezilta ki dokimante a","prompt":"Fè kòd la matche ak kontra ki dekri nan dokstrin nan.","hint":"Konplete deklarasyon retou a.","help":{"concept":"Konplete deklarasyon retou a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp):\n \"\"\"Return Celsius for a Fahrenheit temperature.\"\"\"\n # Finish the return statement.\n pass\n\nprint(round(fahrenheit_to_celsius(32), 1))\n","solutionCode":"def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp):\n \"\"\"Return Celsius for a Fahrenheit temperature.\"\"\"\n return (temp - 32) * 5 / 9\n\nprint(round(fahrenheit_to_celsius(32), 1))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon tchèk stil kontra","prompt":"Aplikasyon an dwe swiv kontra ki deklare a egzakteman.","hint":"Kòmanse ak premye liy ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Kòmanse ak premye liy ki manke a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def is_valid_score(score):\n \"\"\"Return True when score is between 0 and 100 inclusive.\"\"\"\n pass\n\nprint(is_valid_score(105))\nprint(is_valid_score(95))\n","solutionCode":"def is_valid_score(score):\n \"\"\"Return True when score is between 0 and 100 inclusive.\"\"\"\n return 0 <= score <= 100\n\nprint(is_valid_score(105))\nprint(is_valid_score(95))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"sc-real-docstring":{"title":"Identify a real function docstring","prompt":"Which placement makes a string the docstring for `clean(text)`?","hint":"Python recognizes the first string literal in the function body as its docstring.","help":{"concept":"A function docstring is a string literal used as the first statement inside that function.","hint_1":"A comment does not become the function's docstring.","hint_2":"The triple-quoted string belongs directly under the `def` line, before executable statements."},"options":{"a":"def clean(text):\n \"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"\n return text.strip()","b":"\"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"\ndef clean(text):\n return text.strip()","c":"def clean(text):\n return text.strip()\n \"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"","d":"def clean(text):\n # \"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"\n return text.strip()"}},"sc-contract-content":{"title":"What a useful contract explains","prompt":"Which docstring most clearly describes the contract of `double(number)`?","hint":"A useful beginner contract says what input the function works with and what result comes back.","help":{"concept":"A clear contract describes the function's expected input and the result or behavior it provides.","hint_1":"Avoid vague wording such as 'Do something with a number.'","hint_2":"The best choice states that the function returns twice the given number."},"options":{"a":"\"\"\"Return twice the given number.\"\"\"","b":"\"\"\"Do something.\"\"\"","c":"\"\"\"This is Python code.\"\"\"","d":"\"\"\"Print anything eventually.\"\"\""}},"sc-contract-match":{"title":"Match code to the contract","prompt":"The docstring says `\"\"\"Return the uppercase version of text.\"\"\"`. Which function body matches that contract?","hint":"The caller must receive the uppercase string as a value.","help":{"concept":"Documentation is useful only when it agrees with the implementation.","hint_1":"The contract says `Return`, so printing alone is not enough.","hint_2":"Return `text.upper()`."},"options":{"a":"return text.upper()","b":"print(text.upper())","c":"input(text.upper())","d":"text = \"upper\""}},"sc-read-contract":{"title":"Implement from a stated contract","prompt":"A function's docstring says `\"\"\"Return True when score is 70 or higher.\"\"\"`. Which expression should the function return?","hint":"Translate the documented condition directly into a Boolean expression.","help":{"concept":"A contract can guide implementation by stating exactly what result is expected.","hint_1":"The boundary value 70 should count as True.","hint_2":"Use a greater-than-or-equal comparison."},"options":{"a":"score >= 70","b":"score > 70","c":"score == 70","d":"print(score)"}}},"tryIt":{"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `square(number)` ak yon dokstring epi retounen kare nimewo a. Enprime `square(5)`."},"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon docstring esplike sa fonksyon an atann ak sa li retounen."},"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè kòd la matche ak kontra ki dekri nan docstring la."},"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Aplikasyon an dwe swiv kontra ki deklare a egzakteman."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_add_docstring":{"title":"Ajoute yon dokstring ki koresponn"},"ci_write_contract_function":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon dokimante ak yon kontra klè."},"ci_fix_print_vs_return":{"title":"Ranje dezakò kontra a"}}},"module-6-name-badge-package":{"label":"Pwojè Modil: Bati yon pake badj non","summary":"Bati aplikasyon badj \"welcome-table\" la yon sèl èdè alafwa pou li grandi soti nan netwayaj non pou vin yon pake plizyè fichye ki byen poli.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Yon klib bezwen badj anvan evènman an kòmanse."},"project":{"title":"Pake Badj Non"}},"projectSteps":{"mp_1":{"title":"Kreye modil pou netwaye non an"},"mp_2":{"title":"Ajoute modil èd badj la"},"mp_3":{"title":"Dokimante epi netwaye asistan badj la."},"mp_4":{"title":"Enprime badj akey final la"}},"quiz":{"mp-1-create-clean-name-module":{"title":"Kreye modil pou netwaye non an","prompt":"Kòmanse aplikasyon badj la pa deplase netwayaj non an nan pwòp dosye èd li. Kreye yon fonksyon ``tools/names.py`` ak ``clean_name(text)``, enpòte li nan ``main.py``, li yon non nan antre a, epi enprime rezilta netwaye a.","hint":"Mete lojik netwayaj ki ka itilize ankò nan `tools/names.py`, epi kite `main.py` rele li.","help":{"concept":"Yon modil èd kenbe lojik ki ka itilize ankò andeyò `main.py`, sa ki fè li pi fasil pou devlope aplikasyon badj la.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)` epi retounen `text.strip().title()`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`, li antre a, epi enprime non ki netwaye a."},"starterCode":"raw_name = input()\n\n# Start the badge app by moving name cleanup into tools/names.py.\n# Import clean_name, then print the cleaned version of raw_name.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name(text) andedan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas vid yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an majiskil tit."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"mp-2-add-badge-helper":{"title":"Ajoute modil èd badj la","prompt":"Kenbe asistan `clean_name` k ap mache a soti nan dènye etap la. Kounye a, ajoute `tools/badges.py` ak `make_badge(name, role)`, enpòte li nan `main.py`, li yon wòl tou, epi enprime badj fini a.","hint":"Kite `tools/names.py` ap mache, ajoute yon nouvo fichye èd, epi konekte li nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Etap sa a ajoute yon dezyèm fichye èd pou chak modil gen yon sèl travay klè: netwaye non yo, fòmate tèks badj yo.","hint_1":"Kreye yon sit entènèt ak `make_badge(name, role)`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, netwaye non an an premye, epi pase `name` ak `role` nan `make_badge(...)`."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\n\n# Keep the name cleaner working, then add tools.badges.\n# Import make_badge and print the finished badge for this cleaned name and role.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"# Add make_badge(name, role) here.\n# Return one formatted string for the badge.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan zouti.badges."},"1":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"2":{"message":"make_badge ta dwe mete wòl la an majiskil."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"mp-3-document-badge-helper":{"title":"Dokimante epi netwaye asistan badj la.","prompt":"Kòmanse ak aplikasyon badj ki gen de asistan k ap travay la. Kenbe rezilta a menm jan, men amelyore fonksyon ``tools/badges.py`` la lè w ajoute yon dokstring epi netwaye wòl la anvan w konvèti l an lèt majiskil.","hint":"Etap sa a rafine asistan an an plas olye pou chanje koule jeneral aplikasyon an.","help":{"concept":"Ti fonksyon èd yo pi fasil pou kenbe lè yo eksplike tèt yo epi jere antre dezòdone yo byen.","hint_1":"Ajoute yon docstring anba `def make_badge(name, role):` ki gen twa guillemet.","hint_2":"Sere `role.strip().upper()` nan yon varyab anvan ou retounen tèks badj la."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n\n# Keep this badge flow working.\n# Add the next improvement inside tools/badges.py.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n # Add a docstring that explains what this helper returns.\n # Then clean role before uppercasing it so extra spaces do not reach the badge.\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return a formatted badge label for a cleaned name and role.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ajoute yon docstring nan make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"1":{"message":"Netwaye wòl la anvan ou mete l an majiskil."},"2":{"message":"Mete wòl la an majiskil nan make_badge."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"mp-4-package-welcome-message":{"title":"Enprime badj akey final la","prompt":"Kòmanse ak aplikasyon badj ki dokimante a. Kenbe tou de asistan yo, estoke badj la nan yon varyab, epi ranplase enprime badj dirèk la ak yon sèl liy final zanmitay ki kòmanse ak `Welcome!`.","hint":"Re-itilize koule asistans ki egziste deja a, men fè rezilta final la santi l tankou yon remiz travay byen rafine.","help":{"concept":"Aplikasyon final la itilize ti modil èd pou fè pwogram prensipal la li tankou yon istwa senp: pran antre, netwaye li, konstwi badj la, enprime mesaj akeyi a.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `badge = make_badge(name, role)` apre netwaye non an.","hint_2":"Enprime yon liy ki kòmanse ak `Welcome!` epi ki gen tèks badj la."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n\n# Replace the line above with one polished welcome message.\n# Store the badge in a variable, then print a line that starts with Welcome!.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return a formatted badge label for a cleaned name and role.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(f\"Welcome! {badge}\")\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return a formatted badge label for a cleaned name and role.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Bati badj la ak make_badge() olye pou w kode tèks final la dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Enprime dènye mesaj akey la."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(f\"Welcome! {badge}\")\n"},"try-module-6-name-badge-package-sketch0":{"title":"Kreye premye fichye èd pou badj la","prompt":"Konfigire premye èd la pou aplikasyon badj la.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" ava \"` la.","hint":"Mete `clean_name` nan `tools/names.py`, epi enpòte li nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè badj la kòmanse pa deplase netwayaj non an nan pwòp fichye èd li.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/names.py`, retounen `text.strip().title()` soti nan `clean_name(text)`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name` epi enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/names.py with clean_name(text).\n# Then import clean_name from tools.names and print clean_name(\" ava \").\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_name nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name nan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an titil-case."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n # Return text stripped and title-cased.\n pass\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"}}},"mp-1-move-name-helper":{"title":"Move name cleanup into names.py","prompt":"Start from the working single-file badge program. Refactor it without changing the output: move `clean_name(text)` into a new sibling file named `names.py`, then import it in `main.py` with a from-import that brings `clean_name` in from the `names` module. Keep `make_badge` in `main.py` for this step.","hint":"Only the name-cleaning responsibility moves in this step.","help":{"concept":"A refactor can move one helper into its own module while preserving the app's existing behavior.","hint_1":"Create `names.py` with the existing `clean_name(text)` function.","hint_2":"Remove that function definition from `main.py` and import it from `names`."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import for `clean_name` from `names`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"mp-2-move-badge-helper":{"title":"Move badge formatting into badges.py","prompt":"Continue from the previous exact project state. Move `make_badge(name, role)` out of `main.py` into a new sibling file `badges.py`, import it with a from-import that brings `make_badge` in from the `badges` module, and keep the same badge output.","hint":"After this step, `main.py` should coordinate the two imported helpers instead of defining either one.","help":{"concept":"Different sibling modules can own different responsibilities while `main.py` connects their returned values.","hint_1":"Create `badges.py` and move the existing `make_badge` behavior there.","hint_2":"Import both `clean_name` and `make_badge` in `main.py`."},"starterCode":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.strip().upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import for `make_badge` from `badges`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Call `make_badge(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"mp-3-document-helper-contracts":{"title":"Document and refine the helper contracts","prompt":"Keep the two-module badge app behavior unchanged. Add the exact docstring `\"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"` as the first statement in `clean_name`. Add the exact docstring `\"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"` as the first statement in `make_badge`. In `make_badge`, store `role.strip().upper()` in local variable `clean_role` before returning the badge.","hint":"This step changes documentation and internal structure, not the app's output.","help":{"concept":"A documented helper should have a real function docstring that matches its behavior, and local variables can make intermediate work clearer.","hint_1":"Put each requested triple-quoted string directly under its `def` line.","hint_2":"In `badges.py`, create `clean_role = role.strip().upper()` and build the returned badge from `clean_role`."},"starterCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.strip().upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `upper()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"mp-4-add-welcome-helper":{"title":"Add the final welcome-message helper","prompt":"Continue from the documented two-helper app. Create a sibling module `messages.py` with `welcome_message(badge)`. Give it the docstring `\"\"\"Return a welcome message containing the badge.\"\"\"` and return `\"Welcome! \" + badge`. Import it in `main.py` and print the returned welcome message.","hint":"The new helper owns only the final message; keep name cleanup and badge formatting in their existing modules.","help":{"concept":"The finished app decomposes three responsibilities across three small sibling modules while `main.py` coordinates their returned values.","hint_1":"Create `messages.py` with a documented `welcome_message(badge)` function.","hint_2":"Import it with `from messages import welcome_message` and print `welcome_message(badge)`."},"starterCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\nfrom messages import welcome_message\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(welcome_message(badge))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\nfrom messages import welcome_message\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(welcome_message(badge))\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"},"messages_py":{"content":"def welcome_message(badge):\n \"\"\"Return a welcome message containing the badge.\"\"\"\n return \"Welcome! \" + badge\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_module_6_name_badge_package_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Konfigire premye èd la pou aplikasyon badj la.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" ava \"` la."},"allowReveal":true}},"parameters-and-return-values":{"label":"Paramèt ak Valè Retou","summary":"Pase done nan fonksyon epi retounen rezilta yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Paramèt yo pèmèt yon fonksyon travay ak diferan valè."},"sketch1":{"title":"Retounen yon valè diferan de enprime li."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch2":{"title":"Return sends a result back to the caller"},"project":{"title":"Pratike retounen valè nan fonksyon"}},"quiz":{"sc-parameter-role":{"title":"Sa yon paramèt fè","prompt":"Nan `def greet(name):`, kisa `name` ye?","hint":"Gade valè ki pase nan apèl fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon paramèt se yon varyab nan definisyon yon fonksyon ki resevwa yon valè lè yo rele fonksyon an.","hint_1":"`name` Li parèt anndan parantèz definisyon fonksyon an, kidonk li fè pati antre fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Mande ki chwa ki dekri yon plasdèten ki jwenn valè li nan yon apèl tankou `greet(\"Ava\")`."},"options":{"a":"Yon paramèt ki resevwa yon valè agiman","b":"Yon liy sòti enprime","c":"Yon metòd lis","d":"Yon deklarasyon sou retou"}},"sc-return-purpose":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize return","prompt":"`return` fè nan yon fonksyon Python?","hint":"Panse sou fason yon fonksyon voye yon rezilta tounen bay kòd ki rele li a.","help":{"concept":"Enstriksyon `return` la fini apèl fonksyon an epi li retounen yon valè bay moun ki rele a.","hint_1":"Kontrèman ak `print`, `return` pa montre sitou tèks nan panèl rezilta a.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki konsène voye yon rezilta soti nan fonksyon an pou li ka estoke oswa itilize pita."},"options":{"a":"Li repete fonksyon an otomatikman","b":"Li voye yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","c":"Li kreye yon nouvo paramèt","d":"Li chanje non fonksyon an."}},"mc-return-uses":{"title":"Fason pou itilize yon valè ki retounen","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki itilize kòrèkteman valè yon fonksyon retounen? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Yon valè retounen ka estoke, enprime, oswa itilize andedan yon lòt ekspresyon.","help":{"concept":"Valè ki retounen yo konpòte yo tankou valè nòmal, kidonk yo ka asiyen, enprime, oswa konbine nan ekspresyon.","hint_1":"Chèche liy kote apèl fonksyon an parèt kote yon valè nòmal ta ka parèt.","hint_2":"Yon apèl fonksyon ki retounen yon nimewo ka ale sou bò dwat `=` oswa andedan `print(...)`."},"options":{"a":"`total = add(2, 3)`","b":"`print(add(2, 3))`","c":"`return = add(2, 3)`","d":"`def add = (2, 3)`"}},"mc-print-vs-return":{"title":"Enprime kont retou","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou `print` ak `return` ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Youn montre rezilta a kounye a, epi lòt la retounen yon valè bay moun ki rele a.","help":{"concept":"`print` Afiche tèks nan panèl sòti a, tandiske `return` pase yon valè tounen soti nan fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Panse si rezilta a ka reitilize pita nan yon lòt varyab oswa ekspresyon.","hint_2":"Chwazi deklarasyon ki koresponn ak wòl sa yo: sòti vizib pou `print`, rezilta ki ka reitilize pou `return`."},"options":{"a":"`print` Voye tèks vizib nan panèl sòti a.","b":"`return` ka retounen yon rezilta bay apèlè a","c":"`print` `return` toujou fè egzakteman menm travay la.","d":"`return` Ka sèlman itilize andeyò fonksyon yo."}},"dr-function-flow":{"title":"Lòd yon apèl fonksyon","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou sa k ap pase lè yo rele yon fonksyon ki gen paramèt.","hint":"Kòmanse ak apèl la, apre sa panse sou valè k ap antre nan fonksyon an ak yon rezilta k ap sòti.","help":{"concept":"Yon apèl fonksyon swiv yon sekans: rele fonksyon an, pase agiman yo nan paramèt yo, egzekite kò a, epi retounen yon rezilta.","hint_1":"Kò fonksyon an pa ka kouri jiskaske yo fin matche agiman yo ak paramèt yo.","hint_2":"Valè retounen an vini apre kò a fin fè kalkil li."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele fonksyon an ak valè agiman yo","t2":"Valè sa yo asiyen bay paramèt yo.","t3":"Kò fonksyon an kouri lè l sèvi ak valè paramèt sa yo.","t4":"Fonksyon an retounen yon rezilta bay moun ki rele l la."}},"dr-build-function":{"title":"Bati yon fonksyon retou senp","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou kreye yon fonksyon ki pran yon paramèt epi retounen valè a doub.","hint":"Antèt fonksyon an vini an premye, apre sa liy retou a, epi apèl ki itilize rezilta a.","help":{"concept":"Yon definisyon fonksyon debaz bezwen yon antèt, yon kò an retrè, epi nenpòt kòd ki rele fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Liy `return` la dwe andedan fonksyon an, kidonk li dwe dirèkteman anba liy `def` la.","hint_2":"Liy ki enprime rezilta a dwe vini apre fonksyon an fin defini."},"tokens":{"t1":"def double(number):","t2":"retounen nimewo * 2","t3":"rezilta = double(5)","t4":"print(result)"}},"fb-call-argument":{"title":"Ranpli agiman an","prompt":"Konplete apèl fonksyon an pou fonksyon an resevwa nimewo 7.","hint":"Vide a se valè k ap pase nan apèl fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon agiman se valè aktyèl ou mete andedan parantèz yo lè w ap rele yon fonksyon.","hint_1":"Non fonksyon an deja ekri, kidonk pati ki manke a se valè ki andedan parantèz yo.","hint_2":"Chwazi nimewo ki ta pase kòm antre nan `show_score`."},"template":"montre_nòt([blank1])","choices":["montre_nòt","Sèt","retounen"]},"fb-return-expression":{"title":"Konplete liy retou a","prompt":"Chwazi ekspresyon ki fè fonksyon an retounen som `price` ak `tax`.","hint":"Blank la ta dwe ekspresyon valè a apre `return`.","help":{"concept":"Yon deklarasyon retou ka retounen rezilta yon ekspresyon, tankou lè w ajoute de paramèt ansanm.","hint_1":"Tou de `price` ak `tax` deja disponib kòm non paramèt nan fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki ajoute de valè paramèt yo olye pou nonmen yon mo kle oswa sèlman yon varyab."},"template":"retounen [blank1]","choices":["Pri + taks","defini","Pri"]},"ci-make-label":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn etikèt","prompt":"Ekri `make_label(item, count)` pou li retounen yon chèn etikèt tankou `Apples: 3`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def make_label(item, count):\n # return a string like \"Apples: 3\"\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_label(item, count):\n return item + \": \" + str(count)"},"ci-calculate-tip":{"title":"Retounen yon kantite tip","prompt":"Ekri `calculate_tip(bill, percent)` pou li retounen sèlman kantite lajan tip la pou bòdwo sa a ak pousantaj la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def calculate_tip(bill, percent):\n # return the tip amount\n pass","solutionCode":"def calculate_tip(bill, percent):\n return bill * percent / 100"},"ci-first-item":{"title":"Retounen premye atik lis la","prompt":"Ekri `first_item(items)` pou li retounen premye eleman nan lis la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def first_item(items):\n # return the first element from the list\n pass","solutionCode":"def first_item(items):\n return items[0]"},"try-parameters-and-return-values-checkpoint":{"title":"Retounen yon nimewo ki double","prompt":"Defini `double(number)` pou li retounen doub antre a. Enprime `double(7)`.","hint":"Sèvi ak `return number * 2`.","help":{"concept":"Yon valè retou voye yon rezilta tounen bay moun ki rele a.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `return number * 2`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def double(number):\n # Return twice the number.\n pass\n\nprint(double(7))\n","solutionCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\nprint(double(7))\n"},"try-parameters-and-return-values-sketch0":{"title":"Retounen yon sòm","prompt":"Sèvi ak paramèt pou resevwa valè epi sèvi ak retou valè (`return`) pou voye rezilta a tounen.","hint":"Retounen sòm a ak b.","help":{"concept":"Retounen sòm a ak b.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def add(a, b):\n # Return the sum of a and b.\n pass\n\nprint(add(3, 4))\n","solutionCode":"def add(a, b):\n return a + b\n\nprint(add(3, 4))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `make_badge(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-parameters-and-return-values-sketch1":{"title":"Fòmate yon non konplè","prompt":"Retounen yon chèn ki konstwi apati de de paramèt.","hint":"Retounen premye ak dènye ak yon espas ant yo.","help":{"concept":"Retounen premye ak dènye ak yon espas ant yo.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n # Return first and last with one space between them.\n pass\n\nprint(full_name('Ava', 'Smith'))\n","solutionCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n return first + ' ' + last\n\nprint(full_name('Ava', 'Smith'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `difference(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"sc-parameter-vs-argument":{"title":"Parameter versus argument","prompt":"Given `def greet(name):` and the call `greet(\"Ava\")`, which statement is correct?","hint":"Look separately at the function definition and the function call.","help":{"concept":"A parameter is the variable named in the definition; an argument is the actual value supplied by a call.","hint_1":"`name` is written in `def greet(name):`, so it is the parameter.","hint_2":"`\"Ava\"` is supplied by `greet(\"Ava\")`, so it is the argument."},"options":{"a":"`name` is the parameter and `\"Ava\"` is the argument","b":"`\"Ava\"` is the parameter and `name` is the argument","c":"Both are return values","d":"Neither one provides input to the function"}},"sc-argument-order":{"title":"Match arguments to parameters","prompt":"Given `def subtract(first, second): return first - second`, what does `subtract(10, 3)` return?","hint":"The first argument goes into `first`; the second argument goes into `second`.","help":{"concept":"Positional arguments are matched to parameters from left to right.","hint_1":"For this call, `first` becomes `10`.","hint_2":"`second` becomes `3`, so evaluate `10 - 3`."},"options":{"a":"7","b":"-7","c":"13","d":"3"}},"sc-valid-two-argument-call":{"title":"Call a two-parameter function","prompt":"A function is defined as `def show_pair(left, right):`. Which call supplies both required arguments?","hint":"There are two parameters, so the call needs two argument values.","help":{"concept":"A normal call must supply the required number of positional arguments.","hint_1":"Look for two comma-separated values inside the parentheses.","hint_2":"The function name in the call must still be `show_pair`."},"options":{"a":"show_pair()","b":"show_pair(\"A\")","c":"show_pair(\"A\", \"B\")","d":"def show_pair(\"A\", \"B\")"}},"sc-returned-value":{"title":"Use a returned value","prompt":"If `double(5)` returns `10`, what value is stored by `result = double(5)`?","hint":"The returned value replaces the function call in the assignment.","help":{"concept":"A returned value can be assigned to a variable just like another computed value.","hint_1":"`double(5)` produces the value `10`.","hint_2":"That value is assigned to `result`."},"options":{"a":"5","b":"10","c":"double","d":"Nothing is stored"}},"try-parameters-and-return-values-sketch2":{"title":"Store a returned result","prompt":"Complete `rectangle_area(width, height)` so it returns `width * height`. Then keep the caller code that stores the returned value in `area` and prints `area`.","hint":"The function should return the calculation; the assignment outside the function stores that returned value.","help":{"concept":"A return value travels back to the call site, where it can be assigned to a variable and used later.","hint_1":"Inside the function, write `return width * height`.","hint_2":"Outside the function, `area = rectangle_area(width, height)` stores the returned number."},"starterCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n # Return the rectangle's area.\n pass\n\nwidth = int(input())\nheight = int(input())\narea = rectangle_area(width, height)\nprint(area)\n","solutionCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n return width * height\n\nwidth = int(input())\nheight = int(input())\narea = rectangle_area(width, height)\nprint(area)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `rectangle_area(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_parameters_and_return_values_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `double(number)` pou li retounen doub antre a. Enprime `double(7)`."},"try_parameters_and_return_values_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak paramèt pou resevwa valè epi sèvi ak retou valè (`return`) pou voye rezilta a tounen."},"try_parameters_and_return_values_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Retounen yon chèn ki konstwi apati de de paramèt."},"allowReveal":true,"try_parameters_and_return_values_sketch2":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Return a computed result and store that returned value in a caller-side variable."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_make_label":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn etikèt"},"ci_calculate_tip":{"title":"Retounen yon kantite tip"},"ci_first_item":{"title":"Retounen premye atik lis la"}}},"print-vs-return":{"label":"Enprime kont Retounen","summary":"Konprann kilè pou montre rezilta yo ak kilè pou retounen done nan yon fonksyon pou lòt kòd ka kontinye itilize rezilta a.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Enprime montre yon valè; retou bay li tounen"},"sketch1":{"title":"Yon konparezon pratik: menm rezilta, itilite diferan."},"sketch2":{"title":"Ki lè ou ta dwe enprime, e ki lè ou ta dwe retounen?"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Bati fonksyon ki ka reitilize epi ki retounen yon valè"}},"quiz":{"pvrs-sc-1":{"title":"Ki deklarasyon ki dekri retou?","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki pi byen dekri sa `return` fè nan yon fonksyon?","hint":"Panse si valè a sèlman parèt oswa si li retounen bay kòd ki te rele fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"`return` li bay yon rezilta tounen bay apèlè a pou yo ka anrejistre l, reyitilize l, oswa konbine l ak lòt valè.","hint_1":"Yon valè retounen ka asiyen bay yon varyab tankou `result = my_function()`.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki pèmèt ou voye yon valè tounen nan fonksyon an, pa sèlman afiche li."},"options":{"a":"Li voye yon valè tounen soti nan fonksyon an bay moun ki rele l la.","b":"Li toujou enprime yon valè nan panèl sòti a.","c":"Li repete fonksyon an depi nan kòmansman.","d":"Li kreye yon nouvo paramèt otomatikman."}},"pvrs-sc-2":{"title":"Ki rezilta fonksyon ki ka reitilize?","prompt":"Yon fonksyon ta dwe kalkile yon nimewo epi kite kòd ki vini apre a miltipliye nimewo sa a pa 10. Ki apwòch ki pi bon?","hint":"Kòd ki vin apre a bezwen rezilta fonksyon an kòm yon valè, pa sèlman kòm yon rezilta vizib.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon kòd pita dwe kontinye itilize yon rezilta, fonksyon an ta dwe retounen rezilta sa a olye pou l sèlman enprime li.","hint_1":"Si fonksyon an sèlman enprime, yon lòt ekspresyon pa ka itilize valè enprime a dirèkteman nan yon kalkil.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon kote fonksyon an retounen nimewo a pou yon lòt liy ka estoke li epi miltipliye li."},"options":{"a":"Itilize `return` andedan fonksyon an epi sere rezilta a nan yon varyab.","b":"Sèvi ak `print()` andedan fonksyon an epi sipoze kòd ki vin apre a ka miltipliye tèks ki enprime a.","c":"Ajoute plis paramèt jiskaske fonksyon an vin re-itilize.","d":"Mete miltiplikasyon an andedan fonksyon an menm si lòt kòd bezwen rezilta orijinal la."}},"pvrs-mc-1":{"title":"Chwazi deklarasyon ki kòrèk yo.","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou `print()` ak `return` ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Separe sa itilizatè a wè nan panèl sòti a ak sa rès pwogram nan ka kontinye itilize.","help":{"concept":"`print()` se pou afichaj, pandan ke `return` se pou pwodwi yon valè ke kòd ki rele a ka itilize.","hint_1":"Yon valè retounen ka asiyen bay yon varyab; sòti enprime a jis parèt.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki dekri kòrèkteman rezilta ki afiche kont rezilta ki ka reitilize."},"options":{"a":"`print()` Afiche sòti pou itilizatè a ka wè.","b":"`return` ka voye yon valè tounen bay kòd ki te rele fonksyon an.","c":"Yon fonksyon pa janm ka itilize ni `print()` ni `return`.","d":"Si yon fonksyon enprime sèlman yon valè, valè enprime a estoke otomatikman nan yon varyab."}},"pvrs-mc-2":{"title":"Fason pou itilize yon valè ki retounen","prompt":"Yon fonksyon `make_label(name)` retounen yon chèn. Ki liy yo itilize valè retounen sa a kòrèkteman? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche liy kote apèl fonksyon an vin fè pati yon lòt ekspresyon oswa kote li estoke pou itilize pita.","help":{"concept":"Yon valè retounen konpòte l tankou nenpòt lòt valè, kidonk li ka estoke, enprime, oswa konbine avèk lòt chèn.","hint_1":"Si fonksyon an retounen tèks, itilizasyon valab yo enkli asiyasyon ak konkatenasyon chèn.","hint_2":"Chwazi liy kote apèl fonksyon an trete tankou yon valè chèn ki pwodui pa fonksyon an."},"options":{"a":"`label = make_label(\"Mia\")`","b":"`print(make_label(\"Mia\"))`","c":"`message = make_label(\"Mia\") + \"!\"`","d":"`return = make_label(\"Mia\")`"}},"pvrs-dr-1":{"title":"Kòmande retou a","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou kòd ki retounen yon valè epi enprime li.","hint":"Kòmanse ak apèl fonksyon an, apre sa panse sou sa fonksyon an retounen, epi sou sa ki parèt.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fonksyon retounen yon valè, apèl la egzekite an premye, valè a retounen bay moun ki rele a, li ka estoke, epi apre sa li ka enprime.","hint_1":"Fonksyon an dwe kouri anvan yon varyab ka resevwa valè li retounen an.","hint_2":"Sòti ki parèt la fèt apre valè ki retounen an fin retounen e kòd ki rele a fin itilize l."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele fonksyon an.","t2":"Fonksyon an kalkile yon rezilta.","t3":"Fonksyon an retounen valè a.","t4":"Apèlè a estoke oswa itilize valè sa a.","t5":"`print()` ka afiche li."}},"pvrs-dr-2":{"title":"Bati yon modèl reyizab","prompt":"Aranje moso kòd sa yo nan yon modèl ki fè sans pou itilize yon valè ki retounen.","hint":"Premyeman defini fonksyon an, apre sa rele li, apre sa sere rezilta a, apre sa afiche li oswa reitilize li.","help":{"concept":"Yon modèl komen se defini yon fonksyon ak `return`, rele li, sove valè li retounen an, epi itilize valè sa a pita.","hint_1":"Definisyon fonksyon an dwe vini anvan apèl ki itilize li a.","hint_2":"Apre apèl la retounen yon valè, valè sa a dwe asiyen anvan yon lòt apèl`print()` itilize varyab la."},"tokens":{"t1":"`def add_one(n):`","t2":"` return n + 1`","t3":"`result = add_one(4)`","t4":"`print(result)`"}},"pvrs-fb-1":{"title":"Konplete mo kle a","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki konplete fonksyon an kòrèkteman pou li ka retounen yon valè.","hint":"Mo ki manke a dwe retounen rezilta a bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Fonksyon yo itilize retou valè (`the missing term`) pou voye yon valè ki kalkile tounen bay kòd ki rele yo.","hint_1":"`print` Li montre sòti, men espas vid sa a bezwen mo kle ki remèt valè a.","hint_2":"Chwazi mo kle Python ki itilize anvan yon ekspresyon tankou `n * 2` lè yon fonksyon ta dwe pwodwi yon rezilta ki ka reitilize."},"template":"def double(n):\n [blank1] n * 2","choices":["Enprime","retounen","Antre","defini"]},"pvrs-fb-2":{"title":"Konplete liy afichaj la","prompt":"Chwazi kòd ki afiche valè retounen an nan panèl rezilta a.","hint":"Fonksyon an deja retounen valè a, kidonk pati ki manke a ta dwe montre valè sa a.","help":{"concept":"Si yon fonksyon retounen yon valè epi ou vle afiche li, antoure apèl fonksyon an ak `print()`.","hint_1":"Espas vid la pa andedan definisyon fonksyon an; se liy ki montre rezilta retounen an.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki rele fonksyon an epi voye rezilta li nan panèl sòti a."},"template":"[vid1]","choices":["print(get_name())","retounen get_name()","def get_name()","get_name = enprime()"]},"pvrs-code-1":{"title":"Retounen yon valè ki double","prompt":"Ekri `double_number(n)` pou li retounen doub valè antre a olye pou li enprime li.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def double_number(n):\n # return double the input\n pass","solutionCode":"def double_number(n):\n return n * 2"},"pvrs-code-2":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn salitasyon","prompt":"Ekri `make_greeting(name)` pou li retounen yon chèn salitasyon tankou `Hello, Ava`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n # return a greeting like Hello, Ava\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n return \"Hello, \" + name"},"pvrs-code-3":{"title":"Retounen yon total olye pou enprime li.","prompt":"Ekri `add_prices(price1, price2)` pou li retounen total de pri yo olye pou li enprime li.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def add_prices(price1, price2):\n # return the total of the two prices\n pass","solutionCode":"def add_prices(price1, price2):\n return price1 + price2"},"try-print-vs-return-checkpoint":{"title":"Retounen, epi enprime","prompt":"Defini `add(a, b)` pou li retounen sòm nan. Apre sa, enprime `add(3, 4)`.","hint":"Fonksyon an ta dwe retounen valè a; kote apèl la ta dwe enprime li.","help":{"concept":"Retounen yon valè ak enprime yon valè se aksyon separe.","hint_1":"Fonksyon an ta dwe retounen valè a; kote apèl la ta dwe enprime li.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def add(a, b):\n # Return the sum.\n pass\n\n# Print the result of add(3, 4).\n","solutionCode":"def add(a, b):\n return a + b\n\nprint(add(3, 4))\n"},"try-print-vs-return-sketch0":{"title":"Retounen epi enprime","prompt":"Fonksyon an retounen valè a; apèlè a enprime li.","hint":"Retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name olye de enprime andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name olye de enprime andedan fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def make_message(name):\n # Return 'Hi, ' + name instead of printing inside the function.\n pass\n\nmessage = make_message('Ava')\nprint(message)\n","solutionCode":"def make_message(name):\n return 'Hi, ' + name\n\nmessage = make_message('Ava')\nprint(message)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `show_status(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-print-vs-return-sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon nimewo ki retounen","prompt":"Valè ki retounen yo ka estoke epi itilize nan plis ekspresyon.","hint":"Sere double(6) nan rezilta, epi enprime rezilta + 1.","help":{"concept":"Sere double(6) nan rezilta, epi enprime rezilta + 1.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\n# Store double(6) in result, then print result + 1.\n","solutionCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\nresult = double(6)\nprint(result + 1)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `double(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-print-vs-return-sketch2":{"title":"Evite enprime Okenn","prompt":"Enprime chèn ki retounen an, pa objè fonksyon an.","hint":"Enprime etikèt('zoe').","help":{"concept":"Enprime etikèt('zoe').","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def label(name):\n return name.upper()\n\n# Print label('zoe').\n","solutionCode":"def label(name):\n return name.upper()\n\nprint(label('zoe'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `make_label(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"sc-print-only-result":{"title":"What does the caller receive?","prompt":"A function contains `print(\"Ready\")` but no `return`. What value does the function call give back to its caller?","hint":"Visible output and a returned value are separate things.","help":{"concept":"A function with no explicit `return` gives the caller `None`, even if the function prints something.","hint_1":"`print(\"Ready\")` displays text in the output panel.","hint_2":"Because there is no `return`, the call itself evaluates to `None`."},"options":{"a":"\"Ready\"","b":"None","c":"print","d":"The function name"}},"sc-display-only-call":{"title":"Call a display-only function","prompt":"`show_status(text)` prints its text and does not return a value. Which line displays `Ready` once without also displaying `None`?","hint":"If the function already prints, call it directly.","help":{"concept":"Wrapping a display-only function call in another `print()` prints the function's implicit `None` result too.","hint_1":"`show_status(\"Ready\")` already causes the function body to print `Ready`.","hint_2":"Avoid `print(show_status(\"Ready\"))` when the function itself is responsible for display."},"options":{"a":"show_status(\"Ready\")","b":"print(show_status(\"Ready\"))","c":"return show_status(\"Ready\")","d":"show_status = \"Ready\""}},"sc-reuse-returned-value":{"title":"Reuse a function result","prompt":"`double(6)` returns `12`. Which code correctly stores that returned value and then uses it in another calculation?","hint":"Store the function call on the right side of an assignment.","help":{"concept":"A returned value behaves like another value: it can be assigned to a variable and used later.","hint_1":"First save `double(6)` in a variable.","hint_2":"Then use that variable in the later expression."},"options":{"a":"result = double(6)\nprint(result + 1)","b":"print = double(6)\nresult + 1","c":"double = 6\nprint(double + 1)","d":"return double(6)\nprint(result)"}},"sc-fix-print-return-bug":{"title":"Fix a print-versus-return bug","prompt":"The caller does `label = make_label(\"Book\")` and then needs `label + \"!\"`. Inside `make_label`, which statement should produce the label text?","hint":"The caller needs to receive a string value, not just see it displayed.","help":{"concept":"When later code must store or combine a function result, the function should return that result.","hint_1":"Printing the label would display it but leave `label` as `None`.","hint_2":"Return the string so the caller can concatenate `\"!\"`."},"options":{"a":"print(\"Item: \" + item)","b":"return \"Item: \" + item","c":"input(\"Item: \" + item)","d":"def \"Item: \" + item"}}},"tryIt":{"try_print_vs_return_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `add(a, b)` pou li retounen som lan. Apre sa, enprime `add(3, 4)`."},"try_print_vs_return_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fonksyon an retounen valè a; apèlè a enprime li."},"try_print_vs_return_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Valè ki retounen yo ka estoke epi itilize nan plis ekspresyon."},"try_print_vs_return_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Enprime chèn ki retounen an, pa objè fonksyon an."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"pvrs_code_1":{"title":"Retounen yon valè ki double"},"pvrs_code_2":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn salitasyon"},"pvrs_code_3":{"title":"Retounen yon total olye pou enprime li."}}},"scope-and-local-variables":{"label":"Echèl ak Varyab Lokal","summary":"Konprann kote varyab yo egziste ak poukisa domèn lokal la enpòtan.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa 'local scope' vle di"},"sketch1":{"title":"Anndan yon fonksyon diferan de deyò"},"sketch2":{"title":"Paramèt yo lokal tou"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike echèl lokal ak ti fonksyon èd"}},"quiz":{"sc-q1":{"title":"Jwenn varyab lokal la","prompt":"In this code, which name is local to the function?\n\n```python\ncolor = \"blue\"\n\ndef paint():\n shade = \"dark\"\n return color + \" \" + shade\n```","hint":"Chèche non ki te kreye anndan `paint()`.","help":{"concept":"Yon varyab lokal kreye andedan yon fonksyon e li fèt pou itilize sèlman pandan apèl fonksyon sa a.","hint_1":"`color` Yo asiyen li anvan fonksyon an kòmanse. Tcheke ki non yo asiyen andedan kò fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Non lokal la se sa yo te entwodwi sou liy `... = \"dark\"` anndan `paint()`."},"options":{"a":"koulè","b":"penti","c":"lonbraj","d":"retounen"}},"sc-q2":{"title":"Pòte paramèt","prompt":"Ki sa ki vre sou yon paramèt tankou `name` nan `def greet(name):`?","hint":"Panse kote paramèt la ka itilize dirèkteman.","help":{"concept":"Paramèt yo se non lokal ki kreye pou yon apèl fonksyon, kidonk yo fè pati domèn fonksyon sa a.","hint_1":"Yon paramèt jwenn valè li lè yo rele fonksyon an, pa toupatou nan pwogram nan.","hint_2":"Mande si `name` fèt pou egziste sèlman andedan `greet(...)` oswa si li dwe egziste otomatikman nan tout kòd la."},"options":{"a":"Li egziste sèlman andedan apèl fonksyon an, sof si yo retounen li oswa pase li yon lòt kote.","b":"Li vin otomatikman yon varyab mondyal.","c":"Li ka sèlman estoke nimewo.","d":"Li disparèt anvan fonksyon an kòmanse."}},"mc-q1":{"title":"Chwazi non lokal yo","prompt":"Which names are local in this code? Choose all that apply.\n\n```python\ntax = 5\n\ndef total(price):\n fee = 2\n final_price = price + fee + tax\n return final_price\n```","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"taks","b":"Pri","c":"Frè","d":"Pri final"}},"mc-q2":{"title":"Poukisa dimansyon lokal la ede","prompt":"Poukisa varyab lokal yo itil? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk yo.","hint":"Panse sou kijan fonksyon yo rete òganize epi evite konfizyon non yo.","help":{"concept":"Portée lokal ede fonksyon yo rete endepandan, fasil pou li, epi pi an sekirite paske non tanporè yo pa gaye nan rès pwogram nan.","hint_1":"Yon bon repons ta dwe mansyone kenbe fonksyon travay yo separe oswa anpeche reitiz aksidantèl nan non tanporè yo.","hint_2":"Chèche avantaj tankou diminye konfli epi fè chak fonksyon jere pwòp done tanporè li."},"options":{"a":"Yo ede anpeche non tanporè ki nan yon fonksyon entèfere ak lòt kòd.","b":"Yo fè li pi fasil pou yon fonksyon kenbe pwòp valè travay li yo.","c":"Yo fòse chak varyab nan yon pwogram gen menm non.","d":"Yo enprime otomatikman valè ki retounen yo."}},"dr-q1":{"title":"Kòmande yon apèl fonksyon","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou sa k ap pase lè `double(4)` kouri nan yon fonksyon ki retounen `number * 2`.","hint":"Kòmanse ak apèl la, apre sa paramèt la jwenn yon valè, apre sa kalkil la fèt, epi rezilta a retounen.","help":{"concept":"Yon apèl fonksyon bay valè pou paramèt yo, egzekite kò fonksyon an, kalkile yon rezilta, epi retounen rezilta sa a.","hint_1":"Paramèt la pa ka itilize jiskaske fonksyon an rele ak yon agiman.","hint_2":"Apre `number` jwenn `4`, miltiplikasyon an fèt anvan valè a retounen."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele `double(4)`","t2":"Mete paramèt lokal `number` a `4`","t3":"Kalkile `number * 2`","t4":"Retounen rezilta a"}},"dr-q2":{"title":"Swiv kreyasyon varyab lokal yo","prompt":"Arrange the steps to describe this function call correctly.\n\n```python\ndef greet(person):\n message = \"Hi \" + person\n return message\n```","hint":"Premyeman, paramèt la ranpli ak agiman an, apre sa varyab lokal la konstwi, epi fonksyon an retounen li.","help":{"concept":"Pandan yon apèl fonksyon, agiman an vin tounen valè paramèt la, yo kreye varyab lokal yo apati valè sa a, epi enstriksyon retou a voye rezilta final la tounen.","hint_1":"`person` Li pran valè li anvan yo ka kreye `message`.","hint_2":"Valè retounen an vini an dènye, apre chèn nan fin konstwi andedan fonksyon an."},"tokens":{"t1":"Pase yon agiman nan `person`","t2":"Kreye varyab lokal `message`","t3":"Bati tèks la `\"Hi \" + person`","t4":"Retounen `message`"}},"fb-q1":{"title":"Konplete devwa lokal la","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki manke a pou fè`score` tounen yon varyab lokal andedan fonksyon an.","hint":"Espas vid la dwe non varyab la k ap asiyen andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon varyab ki asiyen andedan yon fonksyon vin lokal pou apèl fonksyon sa a.","hint_1":"Liy lan ap kreye yon nouvo non andedan kò fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi non ki koresponn ak fraz la sou fason pou fè `the missing term` lokal."},"template":"def show_score():\n [blank1] = 10\n return score","choices":["pwen","retounen","montre_nòt","defini"]},"fb-q2":{"title":"Konplete itilizasyon paramèt la","prompt":"Ranpli espas vid la ak non lokal ki kòrèk la.","hint":"Sèvi ak non paramèt la ki nan antèt fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon paramèt se yon non lokal, kidonk kòd ki anndan fonksyon an ta dwe itilize non paramèt sa a dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Antèt fonksyon an deja di w non lokal pou w itilize.","hint_2":"Mache blanch la ak non ki andedan `def triple(the missing term):`."},"template":"def triple(value):\n return [blank1] * 3","choices":["valè","triple","retounen","twa"]},"code-q1":{"title":"Retounen yon kalkil lokal","prompt":"Ekri `add_tax(price)` pou li kalkile `price + 5`, estoke rezilta sa a nan yon varyab lokal ki rele `total`, epi retounen `total`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def add_tax(price):\n # store the result in a local variable named total\n # then return it\n pass","solutionCode":"def add_tax(price):\n total = price + 5\n return total","checks":{"0":{"message":"add_tax ta dwe retounen pri a plis 5."},"1":{"message":"add_tax ta dwe mache pou yon lòt kantite tou."},"2":{"message":"Retounen valè a olye pou enprime li."}}},"code-q2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon paramèt kòm yon non lokal","prompt":"Ekri `make_label(word)` pou li konstwi chèn fini an nan yon varyab lokal ki rele `label`, epi li retounen `label`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Itilize yon paramèt kòm yon non lokal\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_label(word):\n # create a local variable named label\n # return the finished string\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_label(word):\n label = \"Item: \" + word\n return label","checks":{"0":{"message":"make_label ta dwe mete \"`Item: `\" kòm prefiks pou mo a."},"1":{"message":"make_label ta dwe mache ak yon lòt mo kòm antre."},"2":{"message":"Retounen chèn nan olye pou w enprime li."}}},"code-q3":{"title":"Fè kalkil ak de varyab lokal","prompt":"Ekri `rectangle_area(width, height)` pou li kalkile zòn nan, estoke li nan yon varyab lokal ki rele `area`, epi retounen `area`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Fè kalkil ak de varyab lokal\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n # create a local variable named area\n # return the area\n pass","solutionCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n area = width * height\n return area","checks":{"0":{"message":"rectangle_area ta dwe miltipliye lajè pa wotè."},"1":{"message":"rectangle_area ta dwe mache pou yon lòt pè chif."},"2":{"message":"Retounen zòn nan olye pou enprime li."}}},"try-scope-and-local-variables-checkpoint":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon varyab lokal","prompt":"Defini `make_message(name)` ak yon varyab lokal ki rele `message`, epi retounen li. Enprime rezilta pou `Ava`.","hint":"Kreye mesaj la andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon varyab lokal egziste andedan fonksyon kote li kreye a.","hint_1":"Kreye mesaj la andedan fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def make_message(name):\n # Create a local variable named message.\n pass\n\nprint(make_message(\"Ava\"))\n","solutionCode":"def make_message(name):\n message = f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n return message\n\nprint(make_message(\"Ava\"))\n"},"try-scope-and-local-variables-sketch0":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon varyab lokal","prompt":"Yon varyab lokal egziste andedan fonksyon ki kreye li.","hint":"Kreye varyab lokal total = pri + 2.","help":{"concept":"Kreye varyab lokal total = pri + 2.","hint_1":"Kreye yon varyab lokal total = pri + 2. Apre sa, retounen total.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def add_tax(price):\n # Create local variable total = price + 2.\n # Return total.\n pass\n\nprint(add_tax(8))\n","solutionCode":"def add_tax(price):\n total = price + 2\n return total\n\nprint(add_tax(8))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-scope-and-local-variables-sketch1":{"title":"Pase done kòm yon paramèt","prompt":"Pase valè ekstèn nan nan fonksyon an kòm yon agiman.","hint":"Retounen 'Byenveni, ' + person.","help":{"concept":"Retounen 'Byenveni, ' + person.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"name = 'Ava'\n\ndef welcome(person):\n # Return 'Welcome, ' + person.\n pass\n\nprint(welcome(name))\n","solutionCode":"name = 'Ava'\n\ndef welcome(person):\n return 'Welcome, ' + person\n\nprint(welcome(name))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-scope-and-local-variables-sketch2":{"title":"Kenbe varyab yo separe","prompt":"Yon paramèt ka gen menm non an men li toujou lokal pou fonksyon an.","hint":"Kantite retou plis youn.","help":{"concept":"Kantite retou plis youn.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"count = 5\n\ndef add_one(count):\n # Return count plus one.\n pass\n\nprint(add_one(count))\nprint(count)\n","solutionCode":"count = 5\n\ndef add_one(count):\n return count + 1\n\nprint(add_one(count))\nprint(count)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `make_message(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"sc-local-variable":{"title":"Identify a local variable","prompt":"In `def total(price): fee = 2; return price + fee`, which name is created locally inside the function body?","hint":"Look for the assignment that happens inside the function.","help":{"concept":"A name assigned inside a function is local to that function call unless Python is explicitly told otherwise.","hint_1":"`price` is a parameter; it receives its value when the function is called.","hint_2":"`fee = 2` creates a working variable inside the function body."},"options":{"a":"fee","b":"total","c":"return","d":"def"}},"sc-local-outside":{"title":"Use a local name outside the function","prompt":"A function creates `message = \"Ready\"` inside its body but does not return it. What happens if code after the function call tries `print(message)`?","hint":"The name was created only inside the function.","help":{"concept":"A local variable is not directly available to unrelated code after the function call finishes.","hint_1":"Displaying or returning a value is different from making the local variable itself available outside.","hint_2":"The outside code does not have its own `message` assignment."},"options":{"a":"It prints Ready","b":"Python reports that `message` is not defined there","c":"It automatically calls the function again","d":"It turns `message` into a parameter"}},"sc-parameter-local":{"title":"Parameter scope","prompt":"What is true about `count` in `def add_one(count):`?","hint":"A parameter is a name that receives an argument for one function call.","help":{"concept":"Parameters are local names inside the function call.","hint_1":"The caller supplies an argument value.","hint_2":"Inside the function, that value is available through the local parameter name `count`."},"options":{"a":"It is local to the function call","b":"It automatically changes every outside variable named count","c":"It can only hold integers","d":"It exists before the function is called"}},"sc-same-name-separate":{"title":"Same name, separate value","prompt":"Suppose `count = 5` exists outside a function and `def add_one(count): return count + 1`. After `print(add_one(count))`, what is the outside `count` still equal to?","hint":"The parameter receives the value 5, but the function does not assign to the outside variable.","help":{"concept":"A parameter can have the same spelling as an outside variable while still being a separate local name.","hint_1":"The call returns `6`.","hint_2":"Nothing in the function changes the caller's `count = 5` assignment."},"options":{"a":"5","b":"6","c":"None","d":"The function name"}}},"tryIt":{"try_scope_and_local_variables_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `make_message(name)` ak yon varyab lokal ki rele `message`, epi retounen li. Enprime rezilta pou `Ava`."},"try_scope_and_local_variables_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon varyab lokal egziste andedan fonksyon ki kreye li."},"try_scope_and_local_variables_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Pase valè ekstèn nan nan fonksyon an kòm yon agiman."},"try_scope_and_local_variables_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon paramèt ka gen menm non an men li toujou lokal pou fonksyon an."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"code_q1":{"title":"Retounen yon kalkil lokal"},"code_q2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon paramèt kòm yon non lokal"},"code_q3":{"title":"Fè kalkil ak de varyab lokal"}}},"using-imports-and-helper-files":{"label":"Bati yon Aplikasyon Python ki gen plizyè fichye","summary":"Kreye fichye modil yo andedan yon dosye, enpòte pwòp fonksyon ou yo nan main.py, epi konekte moso yo pou fè yon ti aplikasyon.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Aplikasyon ou an ka genyen plis pase yon fichye."},"sketch1":{"title":"Enpòte soti nan yon fichye ki nan yon dosye"},"sketch2":{"title":"Fè yon ti klasè zouti"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Kreyatè Aplikasyon Mission Control"}},"quiz":{"q1":{"title":"Poukisa divize kòd nan fichye?","prompt":"Poukisa yon pwojè Python ta mete fonksyon ki ka reitilize nan fichye tankou `tools/names.py` olye pou mete chak liy nan `main.py`?","hint":"Panse pou kenbe aplikasyon prensipal la fasil pou li epi reitilize menm lojik la pita.","help":{"concept":"Yon fichye modil ka gen fonksyon ki ka itilize ankò. `main.py` ka rete konsantre sou koule aplikasyon an: li antre, rele fonksyon, epi enprime rezilta yo.","hint_1":"Chèche opsyon sou òganizasyon ak reyitilizasyon.","hint_2":"Objektif la se pa pou fè plis travay. Objektif la se pou kenbe chak fichye responsab pou yon travay klè."},"options":{"a":"Li kenbe kòd ki ka itilize ankò òganize epi pèmèt`main.py` enpòte li.","b":"Sa fè Python inyore erè ki nan fichye enpòte a.","c":"Sa vle di pwojè a ka sèlman fonksyone ak yon sèl valè antre.","d":"Li anpeche fonksyon yo retounen valè"}},"q2":{"title":"Chwazi enpòtasyon dirèk la","prompt":"Ou kreye `tools/names.py` ak yon fonksyon ki rele `clean_name`. Ki liy ki enpòte fonksyon sa a nan `main.py`?","hint":"Chemen an itilize non dosye a, apre sa non fichye a san `.py`, epi non fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Pou enpòte soti nan yon modil ki nan yon dosye, itilize `from folder.file import function`. Pou `tools/names.py`, chemen modil la se `tools.names`.","hint_1":"Pa mete `.py` nan liy enpòtasyon an.","hint_2":"Fòm kòrèk la kòmanse ak `from tools.names import ...`."},"options":{"a":"from tools.names import clean_name","b":"Enpòte clean_name soti nan tools/names.py","c":"import clean_name from tools.names","d":"from clean_name import tools.names"}},"q3":{"title":"Bon responsablite modil","prompt":"Chwazi tout egzanp ki bon travay pou yon ti fichye modil nan leson sa a.","hint":"Chwazi travay ki ka reitilize epi ki byen konsantre.","help":{"concept":"Bon fichye modil yo anjeneral gen fonksyon ki gen rapò, tankou netwayaj tèks, fòmataj, evalyasyon, oswa kreyasyon rapò.","hint_1":"Yon modil ta dwe gen yon objektif klè.","hint_2":"Evite chwazi mete kòd o aza ki pa gen rapò nan yon sèl fichye."},"options":{"a":"`tools/names.py` Netwaye epi fòmate non yo","b":"`tools/badges.py` Bati tèks badj la apati yon non ak yon wòl.","c":"`tools/random_everything.py` Melanje kòd ki pa gen rapò san okenn travay klè.","d":"`main.py` Li dwe kopye tout fonksyon ki nan chak modil anvan li ka fonksyone."}},"q4":{"title":"Apèl enpòte ki valab","prompt":"Ki apèl ki valab apre enpòtasyon ki koresponn lan? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Koresponn stil apèl la ak stil enpòtasyon an.","help":{"concept":"Apre `from tools.names import clean_name`, rele `clean_name(...)` dirèkteman. Apre `import tools.badges as badges`, rele `badges.make_badge(...)`.","hint_1":"Enpòtasyon dirèk yo itilize non fonksyon an dirèkteman.","hint_2":"Enpòtasyon alias yo itilize alias la anvan pwen an."},"options":{"a":"Apre `from tools.names import clean_name`, itilize `clean_name(\" ava \")`","b":"Apre `import tools.badges as badges`, itilize `badges.make_badge(\"Ava\", \"coder\")`","c":"Apre `from tools.names import clean_name`, itilize `tools.names.clean_name(\"Ava\")` san enpòte `tools`","d":"Apre `import tools.badges as badges`, itilize `make_badge.badges(\"Ava\")`"}},"q5":{"title":"Kòmande modil workflow la","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd ou ta itilize lè w ap ajoute pwòp fichye modil ou nan yon ti aplikasyon.","hint":"Kreye fichye a anvan ou enpòte ladan l.","help":{"concept":"Python ka enpòte yon modil sèlman apre fichye a egziste nan chemen katab ki espere a. Apre sa,`main.py` ka rele fonksyon ki nan fichye sa a.","hint_1":"Dosye a ak fichye a vini anvan enpòtasyon an.","hint_2":"Apèl fonksyon an fèt apre liy enpòtasyon an."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kreye dosye `tools` la","t2":"Kreye yon fichye modil tankou `tools/names.py`","t3":"Defini yon fonksyon andedan fichye modil sa a.","t4":"Enpòte epi rele fonksyon an ki soti nan `main.py`"}},"q6":{"title":"Bati koule enpòtasyon an","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou`main.py` enpòte yon fòmatè epi enprime rezilta retounen an.","hint":"Enpòte an premye, apre sa rele, epi enprime.","help":{"concept":"Yon fichye prensipal anjeneral enpòte fonksyon li bezwen an, rele li ak done, epi enprime oswa sere valè li retounen an.","hint_1":"Liy enpòtasyon an dwe kouri anvan apèl fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Enprime mesaj ki estoke a apre fonksyon an fin retounen li."},"tokens":{"t1":"from tools.reports import mission_report","t2":"message = mission_report(\"badj EKIPYE: Zoe\", 18)","t3":"print(message)"}},"q7":{"title":"Konplete enpòtasyon fonksyon an","prompt":"Ranpli non fonksyon ki manke a pou enpòte li soti nan `tools.names`.","hint":"Sa a se fonksyon ki netwaye espas sipèfl ak kapitalizasyon.","help":{"concept":"`from tools.names import clean_name` Enpòte fonksyon `clean_name` la ki soti nan fichye `names.py` la ki nan dosye `tools` an.","hint_1":"Mo ki manke a se non fonksyon an, pa non dosye a.","hint_2":"Chwazi non ki dekri netwayaj yon non."},"template":"from tools.names import [blank1]","choices":["non pwòp","Zouti","non.py","Antre"]},"q8":{"title":"Konplete chemen modil la","prompt":"Ranpli non dosye ki manke a nan liy enpòtasyon sa a.","hint":"Fichye modil pou pwojè sa a yo nan yon sèl dosye.","help":{"concept":"Chemen enpòte `tools.badges` vle di Python ta dwe chèche `badges.py` andedan katab `tools`.","hint_1":"Pa tape `.py` nan chemen enpòtasyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi dosye ki genyen `badges.py`."},"template":"soti nan [blank1].badges enpòte make_badge","choices":["Zouti","badj.py","prensipal","Enprime"]},"q9":{"title":"Kreye yon modil pou netwaye non","prompt":"Pwojè sa a ap kòmanse yon ti pake èd. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`, ajoute `tools/names.py`, epi defini `clean_name(text)` ladan l. Apre sa, enpòte `clean_name` ki soti nan `tools.names` nan `main.py`, netwaye non antre a, epi enprime l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `aVA`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Ava`.","hint":"Chemen ki nesesè a se `tools/names.py`. Liy enpòtasyon an nan `main.py` ta dwe `from tools.names import clean_name`.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Inside it, create tools/names.py.\n# Define clean_name(text) in that file.\n\nraw_name = input()\n\n# Import clean_name from tools.names.\n# Print the cleaned name.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name(text) andedan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas vid yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an majiskil tit."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute yon modil badj","prompt":"Dosye èd la bezwen yon zouti anplis. Kreye '`tools/badges.py`', enpòte '`make_badge`' ki soti nan '`tools.badges`', netwaye non antre a, konstwi tèks badj la, epi enprime l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `lina` ak `artist`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`ARTIST badge: Lina`.","hint":"Kreye `tools/badges.py`, epi enpòte ak `from tools.badges import make_badge`.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\n\n# Create tools/badges.py.\n# Import make_badge from tools.badges.\n# Clean the name, build the badge, and print it.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan zouti.badges."},"1":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"2":{"message":"make_badge ta dwe mete wòl la an majiskil."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"q11":{"title":"Bati yon modil rapò misyon","prompt":"Kounye a, konekte modil èd yo pou fè yon sèl rapò final. Kreye yon '`tools/reports.py`', enpòte yon '`mission_report`' ki soti nan '`tools.reports`', epi enprime rapò misyon ki fini an.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `zoe`, `scout`, ak `18`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Mission report: SCOUT badge: Zoe has 18 points`.","hint":"Etap sa a konbine twa fichye: `tools/names.py`, `tools/badges.py`, ak nouvo `tools/reports.py` ou a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\npoints = int(input())\n\n# Create tools/reports.py.\n# Import mission_report from tools.reports.\n# Print the final mission report.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\nfrom tools.reports import mission_report\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\npoints = int(input())\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(mission_report(badge, points))\n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"def mission_report(badge, points):\n return f\"Mission report: {badge} has {points} points\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.reports."},"1":{"message":"Defini mission_report nan tools/reports.py."},"2":{"message":"Apèl mission_report() soti nan main.py."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\nfrom tools.reports import mission_report\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\npoints = int(input())\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(mission_report(badge, points))\n"},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-checkpoint":{"title":"Enpòte soti nan yon fichye èd","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name` avèk `from tools.names import clean_name`.\n4. Li yon non avèk `input()`, netwaye l, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint":"Kreye `tools/names.py` an premye, epi enpòte `clean_name` nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Yon modil èd pèmèt `main.py` rete kout pandan yon lòt fichye okipe yon sèl travay konsantre.","hint_1":"Mete `clean_name(text)` nan `tools/names.py`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`, rele li ak done brit yo, epi enprime non ki netwaye a."},"starterCode":"raw_name = input()\n\n# Import clean_name from tools.names.\n# Print the cleaned name.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name(text) andedan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas vid yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an majiskil tit."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-sketch0":{"title":"Kreye epi enpòte yon èd non","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`.","hint":"Mete `clean_name` nan `tools/names.py`, epi enpòte li nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a se pou deplase edè a soti nan `main.py`, pa pou kenbe tout bagay nan yon sèl dosye.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/names.py`, retounen `text.strip().title()` soti nan `clean_name(text)`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, itilize `from tools.names import clean_name`, epi enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/names.py with clean_name(text).\n# Then import clean_name from tools.names and print clean_name(\" ava \").\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_name soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name nan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an titil-case."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"}}},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-sketch1":{"title":"Kreye epi enpòte yon èd pou badj","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/badges.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/badges.py`, defini `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Retounen `ROLE badge: Name` avèk wòl la an lèt majiskil.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `make_badge`.\n5. Enprime yon bad etidyan pou Ava.","hint":"Kreye `tools/badges.py`, epi enpòte `make_badge` nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Ede fòma a dwe nan pwòp modil li, kidonk `main.py` konekte sèlman moso yo.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/badges.py`, retounen `f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `make_badge` epi enprime `make_badge(\"Ava\", \"student\")`."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/badges.py with make_badge(name, role).\n# Then import make_badge from tools.badges and print a student badge for Ava.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.badges import make_badge\n\nprint(make_badge(\"Ava\", \"student\"))\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"},"text_tools_py":{"content":"def clean_word(text):\n return text.strip().lower()\n\ndef make_label(word):\n return \"Word: \" + word\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte make_badge nan tools.badges."},"1":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"2":{"message":"Mete wòl la an majiskil andedan make_badge."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.badges import make_badge\n\nprint(make_badge(\"Ava\", \"student\"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_word(text):\n return text.strip().lower()\n\ndef make_label(word):\n return \"Word: \" + word\n\nraw_word = input()\nword = clean_word(raw_word)\nprint(make_label(word))\n"}}},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-sketch2":{"title":"Konekte de modil èd","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen plizyè fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py` ak `clean_name(text)`.\n2. Kreye `tools/badges.py` ak `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte toude èd yo.\n4. Netwaye `\" mia \"`.\n5. Bati yon bad mentor apati non ki netwaye a epi enprime l.","hint":"Enpòte toude helper yo nan `main.py`, epi netwaye non an anvan ou rele `make_badge`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike tout modèl la: fichye ede yo fè travay la, epi k`main.py`e yo ansanm.","hint_1":"Itilize `from tools.names import clean_name` ak `from tools.badges import make_badge`.","hint_2":"Netwaye `\" mia \"`, pase rezilta a nan `make_badge(..., \"mentor\")`, epi enprime badj la."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/names.py with clean_name(text).\n# Create tools/badges.py with make_badge(name, role).\n# Then import both helpers, clean \" mia \", and print a mentor badge.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nname = clean_name(\" mia \")\nprint(make_badge(name, \"mentor\"))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_name soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Enpòte make_badge soti nan tools.badges."},"2":{"message":"Defini clean_name nan tools/names.py."},"3":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"4":{"message":"Rele clean_name nan main.py."},"5":{"message":"Rele make_badge nan main.py."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nname = clean_name(\" mia \")\nprint(make_badge(name, \"mentor\"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"raw_name = input()\nrole = input()\n\nname = raw_name.strip().title()\nprint(f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\")\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}}},"sc-file-to-module":{"title":"Import from a sibling file","prompt":"`names.py` is beside `main.py` and defines `clean_name`. Which line imports that function into `main.py`?","hint":"Use the Python file name without the `.py` extension.","help":{"concept":"A sibling file such as `names.py` can be imported by its module name `names`.","hint_1":"The module part is `names`, not `names.py`.","hint_2":"A direct function import uses `from names import clean_name`."},"options":{"a":"from names import clean_name","b":"from names.py import clean_name","c":"from clean_name import names","d":"import clean_name from names"}},"sc-direct-call":{"title":"Call a directly imported function","prompt":"After `from names import clean_name`, which expression calls the imported function with `raw_name`?","hint":"A directly imported function is called by its function name.","help":{"concept":"With `from module import function`, the imported function name is available directly in the importing file.","hint_1":"You do not include `.py` when calling the function.","hint_2":"Use `clean_name(raw_name)`."},"options":{"a":"clean_name(raw_name)","b":"names.py.clean_name(raw_name)","c":"import clean_name(raw_name)","d":"from clean_name(raw_name)"}},"sc-module-responsibility":{"title":"Choose a focused helper module","prompt":"Which file responsibility is the clearest fit for a small helper module?","hint":"Keep related reusable functions together.","help":{"concept":"A helper module is easiest to understand when its functions serve one related responsibility.","hint_1":"Name-related cleanup functions belong naturally together.","hint_2":"Avoid a file that mixes unrelated input, math, formatting, and random experiments."},"options":{"a":"`names.py` contains functions for cleaning and formatting names","b":"`everything.py` contains unrelated code from the entire program","c":"`main.py` copies every helper function before using it","d":"`random.py` stores unrelated temporary experiments"}},"sc-main-role":{"title":"What main.py should do","prompt":"After name cleanup lives in `names.py` and badge formatting lives in `badges.py`, what is a good responsibility for `main.py`?","hint":"The main file can coordinate the app instead of duplicating helper logic.","help":{"concept":"`main.py` can read input, call imported helpers, and connect their returned values into the program flow.","hint_1":"The helper modules already own cleanup and badge formatting.","hint_2":"The main file should import and call them rather than rewrite them."},"options":{"a":"Read input and connect the imported helper functions","b":"Copy the full contents of every helper file","c":"Rename every imported function before it can run","d":"Avoid calling any helper function"}}},"tryIt":{"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name` avèk `from tools.names import clean_name`.\n4. Li yon non avèk `input()`, netwaye l, epi enprime rezilta a."},"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`."},"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/badges.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/badges.py`, defini `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Retounen `ROLE badge: Name` avèk wòl la an lèt majiskil.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `make_badge`.\n5. Enprime yon bad etidyan pou Ava."},"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen plizyè fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py` ak `clean_name(text)`.\n2. Kreye `tools/badges.py` ak `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte toude èd yo.\n4. Netwaye `\" mia \"`.\n5. Bati yon bad mentor apati non ki netwaye a epi enprime l."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"q9":{"title":"Kreye yon modil pou netwaye non"},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute yon modil badj"},"q11":{"title":"Bati yon modil rapò misyon"}}}},"python-7-files-exceptions-and-data-cleaning":{"module-7-clean-student-records":{"label":"Pwojè Modil: Netwaye Dosye Etidyan","summary":"Fè grandi yon ti pwogram netwayaj ki soti nan yon apèsi fichye brit pou vin yon fichye rezilta netwaye ki ka pataje.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Yon dosye etidyan dezòdone rive nan bwat resepsyon ou."},"project":{"title":"Dosye Elèv Pwòp"}},"projectSteps":{"mp_1":{"title":"Li dosye elèv la"},"mp_2":{"title":"Netwaye epi valide yon ranje"},"mp_3":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo epi kolekte anrejistreman yo."},"mp_4":{"title":"Ekri dosye ki netwaye"}},"quiz":{"mp-1-read-student-file":{"title":"Li dosye elèv la","prompt":"Yon gwoup etidyan te voye yon imèl ba ou nan adr`data/students.csv`, epi yo mande sa ki ladan l. Li fichye a epi enprime chak ranje brit san liy vid anplis pou ou ka enspekte done yo anvan ou netwaye yo.","hint":"Ouvri fichye a, fè yon bouk sou chak liy, epi enprime liy ki dekole a.","help":{"concept":"Yon bon travay netwayaj anjeneral kòmanse pa enspekte fichye brit la anvan ou chanje anyen.","hint_1":"Itilize `with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:`.","hint_2":"Anndan bouk la, enprime `line.strip()` pou evite liy vid anplis."},"starterCode":"# Read data/students.csv and print every line without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \":\" + row[\"score\"])\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li data/students.csv olye pou w tape kontni fichye a."},"1":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `name`."},"2":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `score`."},"3":{"message":"Use `strip()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"4":{"message":"Use `title()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"5":{"message":"Import `clean_row` from the sibling `cleaning.py` helper as the project requires."}},"solutionCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"mp-2-clean-one-row":{"title":"Netwaye epi valide yon ranje","prompt":"Kòmanse ak apèsi fichye RAW ou deja bati a. Kenbe kontèks sa a, epi ajoute yon liy pou kreye yon diksyonè ak non netwaye ak yon nòt antye. Li premye liy lan ankò epi enprime diksyonè netwaye a.","hint":"Konsève fòm fichye a jan li abitye: defini yon èd, epi reitilize fichye a pou teste l sou premye ranje a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon netwayaj bay rès pwogram nan yon fòm serye pou chak ranje ki valab.","hint_1":"Separe ranje a ak `line.strip().split(\",\")`.","hint_2":"Retounen `{\"name\": ..., \"score\": ...}` ak yon non an majiskil tit ak yon nòt antye."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n# Keep the raw-file preview above as your starting point.\n# Next, write clean_row(line) so one row becomes a cleaned dictionary.\ndef clean_row(line):\n # Split the row, clean the name, and convert the score to int.\n pass\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\n# Print the cleaned first row dictionary.\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionCode":"try:\n with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\n\ntry:\n with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\n print(clean_row(first_row))\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."},"1":{"message":"Call `clean_row(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Print the completed `records` list itself after the collection loop."},"3":{"message":"Keep the required `clean_row(row)` function in `cleaning.py`."}}},"mp-3-skip-bad-rows":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo epi kolekte anrejistreman yo.","prompt":"Kenbe `clean_row(line)` ki soti nan dènye etap la. Kounye a, kreye yon lis ki rele `records` pa fè yon bouk sou fichye a, ajoute ranje ki valab apre yo fin netwaye, epi sote ranje `ValueError` pou netwayè a ka kontinye avanse.","hint":"Re-itilize `clean_row(line)` anndan bouk la olye pou w netwaye moso yo ankò ak men.","help":{"concept":"Nan fichye done reyèl yo, gen kèk liy ki kase. Yon netwayè ta dwe kenbe bon liy yo epi pase san pwoblèm sou liy ki pa bon yo.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak `records = []` anvan bouk la.","hint_2":"Ajoute andedan `try`, epi sote `ValueError` ranje nan `except`."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n # Keep using clean_row(line), but only save the rows that work.\n # Skip ValueError rows so the project keeps moving.\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak try/except pou sote ran move yo."},"1":{"message":"Keep the required `clean_row(row)` function in `cleaning.py`."}},"solutionCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"mp-4-write-clean-records":{"title":"Ekri dosye pwòp","prompt":"Kòmanse ak builder dosye ki deja netwaye ou genyen an. Kenbe lojik sa a, epi ekri ranje ki valab yo nan tablo rezilta a epi ranplase enprime apèsi a ak yon mesaj kout sou konklizyon an.","hint":"Tounen lis `records` k ap mache a an yon fichye pou delivre ak yon konfimasyon rapid.","help":{"concept":"Dènye etap nan yon travay netwayaj se delivre yon atik pwòp, pa sèlman enprime done sou ekran an.","hint_1":"Kreye `output/` si sa nesesè, epi louvri `output/clean_students.csv` an mòd ekriti.","hint_2":"Ekri yon dosye pwòp pa liy, epi enprime konbyen dosye pwòp ki te sove."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n\n# Replace the preview print with the shareable output file.\n# Create output/, write output/clean_students.csv, and print how many clean records were saved.\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_students.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,score\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(record[\"name\"] + \",\" + str(record[\"score\"]) + \"\\n\")\n\nprint(\"Wrote \" + str(len(records)) + \" clean records\")\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_students.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['score']}\\n\")\n\nprint(f\"Wrote {len(records)} clean records\")\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri fichye dosye pwòp la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou kreye fichye CSV sòti a."}},"solutionCode":"from pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_students.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['score']}\\n\")\n\nprint(f\"Wrote {len(records)} clean records\")\n"},"try-module-7-clean-student-records-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye premye ranje a nan fichye a","prompt":"Ouvri `data/students.csv`, li premye liy la, netwaye non an ak nòt la, epi enprime `Ava:92`.","hint":"Li premye liy ki nan fichye a, separe l, netwaye tou de moso yo, epi enprime yo ak yon pwen-virg.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike netwaye yon ranje reyèl nan menm fòm fichye ki itilize nan pwojè a.","hint_1":"Itilize `with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:` ak `first_row = file.readline()`.","hint_2":"Separe ranje a, itilize `.strip().title()` pou non an, epi enprime `name:score`."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\n# Clean the first row and print Ava:92.\n","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\nname, score = first_row.split(\",\")\nprint(f\"{name.strip().title()}:{score.strip()}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li ranje a nan data/students.csv."},"1":{"message":"Separe ranje a an non ak nòt."},"2":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan non an ak nòt la."},"3":{"message":"Mete non etidyan an an tit."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\n# Open data/students.csv in read mode.\n# Use csv.DictReader and print each row as name:score.\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\nMia,not-a-score\n ,75\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\nNia,105\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \":\" + row[\"score\"])\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\nMia,not-a-score\n ,75\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\nNia,105\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"}}}},"tryIt":{"try_module_7_clean_student_records_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `data/students.csv`, li premye liy la, netwaye non an ak nòt la, epi enprime `Ava:92`."},"allowReveal":true}},"reading-text-files":{"label":"Li Fichye Tèks","summary":"Ouvri fichye, li tèks, epi fèmen resous yo an sekirite.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Poukisa pou li fichye tèks?"},"sketch1":{"title":"Li tout tèks la oswa liy pa liy"},"sketch2":{"title":"Chemen relatif ak aksè sekirite nan fichye"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratik lekti fichye tèks"}},"quiz":{"sc-read-mode":{"title":"Mòd lekti","prompt":"Ki mòd fichye yo itilize pou louvri yon fichye tèks pou lekti?","hint":"Sèvi ak fason kesyon an poze a ak egzanp leson an pou limite chwa yo.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye yon lide espesifik nan leson an, pa yon estrateji jeneral pou pran tès.","hint_1":"Konpare chak opsyon ak sijè egzak ki nonmen nan kesyon an.","hint_2":"Retire opsyon ki pa matche ak konsèp la oswa prèv ki site nan kesyon an."},"options":{"a":"r","b":"w","c":"yon","d":"eks"}},"sc-relative-path":{"title":"Egzanp chemen relatif","prompt":"Ki chemen ki refere kòrèkteman a yon fichye ki rele `story.txt` ki anndan yon dosye ki rele `data`?","hint":"Sèvi ak non dosye a, epi non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Yon chemen relatif dekri kote yon fichye ye apati kote espas travay aktyèl la, lè l sèvi avèk non dosye ki separe pa yon bakslash (`/`).","hint_1":"Dosye a ta dwe vini anvan non fichye a.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki sanble ak dosye/fichye."},"options":{"a":"story.txt/data","b":"data/story.txt","c":"/data/story.txt","d":"istwa-done.txt"}},"mc-with-open-benefits":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize ak ouvè","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou itilizasyon `with open(...) as file:` lè w ap li fichye tèks.","hint":"Panse sou sa `with` fè pou resous fichye a ak kijan ou jwenn aksè a fichye a andedan blòk la.","help":{"concept":"`with open(...) as file:` Kreye yon blòk fichye jere. Ou itilize varyab fichye a andedan blòk la, epi Python okipe fèmen fichye a apre sa.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon sou fèmen otomatik ak itilizasyon varyab la apre`as`.","hint_2":"De deklarasyon yo kòrèk: youn sou netwayaj la ak youn sou non varyab fichye a."},"options":{"a":"Sa ede asire ke fichye a fèmen apre blòk la fini.","b":"Li kreye yon varyab tankou `file` ke ou ka rele `.read()` sou li.","c":"Li toujou ekri nouvo tèks nan fichye a anvan li li l.","d":"Li sèlman mache pou fichye ki nan menm dosye a, pa pou dosye ki anndan lòt dosye."}},"mc-read-methods":{"title":"Metòd lekti","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki vrè sou `read()` ak `readlines()`.","hint":"Youn retounen yon sèl chèn, epi lòt la retounen yon lis liy.","help":{"concept":"`read()` Li pran tout fichye a kòm yon sèl chèn, tandiske `readlines()` retounen yon lis kote chak eleman se yon liy, souvan ak karaktè nouvo liy ladan l.","hint_1":"Chèche opsyon ki dekri yon gwo chèn ak yon lis liy.","hint_2":"De opsyon yo kòrèk: youn mansyone yon sèl chèn, epi lòt la mansyone karaktè nouvo liy nan atik liy yo."},"options":{"a":"`read()` ka retounen tout fichye a kòm yon sèl chèn.","b":"`readlines()` retounen yon lis liy.","c":"`read()` Toujou retire chak karaktè nouvo liy otomatikman.","d":"`readlines()` retounen yon sèl nimewo pou chak liy."}},"dr-read-file-steps":{"title":"Kòmande etap lekti yo","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou li ak enprime kontni yon fichye.","hint":"Kòmanse pa louvri fichye a, apre sa li l, epi enprime l.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis debaz pou li yon fichye se: louvri fichye a, li kontni li nan yon varyab, epi itilize valè sa a, tankou enprime li.","hint_1":"Fichye a dwe louvri anvan yo ka itilize`.read()`.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin li nan yon varyab, dènye etap la se montre rezilta a nan panèl sòti a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri fichye a ak `with open(..., \"r\") as file:`","t2":"Li tèks la avèk `file.read()`","t3":"Sere rezilta a nan yon varyab","t4":"Enprime varyab la"}},"dr-build-path":{"title":"Bati yon chemen relatif","prompt":"Aranje jeton yo pou kreye chemen relatif la pou `report.txt` andedan dosye `data` la.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"done","t2":"/","t3":"rapò.txt"}},"fb-read-call":{"title":"Konplete apèl lekti a","prompt":"Ranpli non metòd ki manke a pou li tout tèks ki nan yon fichye ki louvri.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"template":"tekst = fichye.[espas1]()","choices":["li","ekri","Fèmen","Ouvè"]},"fb-open-mode":{"title":"Konplete mòd ouvè a","prompt":"Ranpli mòd ki manke a pou fichye a louvri pou lekti.","hint":"Konsantre sou konsèp ki manke a olye de tèm egzak ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Blank la dwe ranpli ak tèm ki koresponn ak travay k ap dekri a.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa pati ki manke a bezwen fè nan deklarasyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi tèm ki pi byen konplete sans deklarasyon an."},"template":"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"[blank1]\") as file:","choices":["r","w","yon","eks"]},"ci-read-and-print":{"title":"Enprime sa ki nan yon fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/message.txt`, li sa ki nan fichye a, epi enprime tèks ou jwenn lan.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Hello from file reading!`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Enprime kontni yon fichye\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/message.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # read the file and print its contents\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/message.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read()\n print(text)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/message.txt pou li fichye a."}}},"ci-first-line":{"title":"Enprime sèlman premye liy lan","prompt":"Ouvri `data/notes.txt`, li sèlman premye liy la, epi enprime l san karaktè nouvo liy ki nan fen an.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Apples`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Enprime sèlman premye liy lan\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/notes.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # read the first line only\n # print it without the ending newline\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/notes.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n first = file.readline().rstrip(\"\\n\")\n print(first)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/notes.txt pou li fichye a."}}},"ci-count-lines":{"title":"Konte liy yo nan yon fichye tèks","prompt":"Ouvri `data/list.txt`, konte konbyen liy ki nan fichye a, epi enprime chif sa a.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`3`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Konte liy nan yon fichye tèks\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/list.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # count the lines and print the number\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/list.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n lines = file.readlines()\n print(len(lines))","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/list.txt pou konte liy yo."}}},"try-reading-text-files-checkpoint":{"title":"Li yon fichye tèks","prompt":"Li `data/note.txt` epi enprime kontni li san ajoute tèks siplemantè.","hint":"Itiliz`with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:` ak `file.read()`.","help":{"concept":"Ouvri fichye a, li tèks la, epi enprime egzakteman sa ki te estoke la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak`with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:`.","hint_2":"Rele `file.read()` epi enprime rezilta a san ajoute mo anplis."},"starterCode":"# Read data/note.txt and print its contents.\n","starterFiles":{"data_note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file!\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"data_note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file!\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/note.txt olye pou w tape kontni fichye a."}},"solutionCode":"with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"try-reading-text-files-sketch0":{"title":"Li epi enprime yon fichye nòt","prompt":"Ouvri `note.txt`, li tout tèks li, epi enprime egzakteman sa ki nan fichye a.","hint":"Sèvi ak `with open(\"note.txt\") as file:` epi enprime `file.read()`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike lekti yon fichye antye an menm tan.","hint_1":"Ouvri `note.txt` an premye, epi rele `file.read()` anndan blòk `with` la.","hint_2":"Enprime sèlman tèks ki anrejistre nan fichye a."},"starterCode":"# Read note.txt and print its contents without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file\n"},"main_py":{"content":"# Open message.txt in read mode.\n# Read all of its text into message, then print message.\n"},"message_txt":{"content":"Keep learning."}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open('note.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file\n"},"message_txt":{"content":"Keep learning."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri note.txt olye pou w tape kontni fichye a."},"1":{"message":"Use `read()` to obtain the file's text."},"2":{"message":"Store the result of `file.read()` in the explicitly requested variable `message`."},"3":{"message":"Print the `message` variable itself after reading the file into it."}},"solutionCode":"with open('note.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"try-reading-text-files-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime chak liy ki nan yon fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, fè yon bouk sou fichye a, epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li.","hint":"Sèvi ak `for line in file:` epi enprime `line.strip()`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike lekti yon liy alafwa ak yon bouk.","hint_1":"Ouvri `names.txt`, epi itilize `for line in file:`.","hint_2":"Enprime `line.strip()` pou chak non parèt yon sèl fwa san liy vid anplis."},"starterCode":"# Read names.txt and print each line without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"},"main_py":{"content":"# Open names.txt in read mode.\n# Loop through the open file and print each stripped line.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri names.txt olye pou w tape non yo dirèkteman."}},"solutionCode":"with open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"try-reading-text-files-sketch2":{"title":"Konte liy fichye yo","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, konte konbyen liy li genyen, epi enprime nimewo a.","hint":"Kòmanse ak `count = 0`, epi ajoute 1 pou chak liy nan fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike itilizasyon yon kontè pandan w ap li yon fichye liy pa liy.","hint_1":"Ouvri `names.txt`, fè yon bouk sou li, epi ogmante `count` andedan bouk la.","hint_2":"Apre bouk la fini, enprime kantite final la."},"starterCode":"count = 0\n\n# Read names.txt, count the lines, and print count.\n","starterFiles":{"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"},"main_py":{"content":"# Read data/city.txt in read mode.\n# Clean the file text with strip() and title(), then print it.\n"},"data_city_txt":{"content":" seAttle \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"count = 0\nwith open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n count += 1\nprint(count)\n"},"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"},"data_city_txt":{"content":" seAttle \n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li names.txt olye pou w tape kantite final la."},"1":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou liy fichye yo pou konte yo."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak open(...) pou li fichye a."},"3":{"message":"Convert the cleaned city text to title case with `title()`."}},"solutionCode":"count = 0\nwith open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n count += 1\nprint(count)\n"},"sc-open-read":{"title":"Open a nested file for reading","prompt":"Which line safely opens `data/story.txt` for reading and gives the open file the name `file`?","hint":"Use a `with` block, the relative path, and read mode `r`.","help":{"concept":"`with open(path, \"r\") as file:` opens an existing text file for reading and closes it automatically when the block ends.","hint_1":"The relative path keeps the folder before the file name: `data/story.txt`.","hint_2":"Read mode is written as `\"r\"`."},"options":{"a":"with open(\"data/story.txt\", \"r\") as file:","b":"with open(\"story.txt/data\", \"w\") as file:","c":"open.read(\"data/story.txt\") as file:","d":"with read(\"data/story.txt\") as file:"}},"sc-read-all":{"title":"What .read() returns","prompt":"What does `file.read()` give you when `file` is an open text file?","hint":"Think about reading the complete contents at once.","help":{"concept":"For a text file, `.read()` returns the remaining file contents as one string.","hint_1":"It does not return one number per line.","hint_2":"Choose the option describing one string containing the file text."},"options":{"a":"One string containing the remaining text","b":"A new file on disk","c":"Only the file name","d":"The number of lines in the file"}},"sc-line-loop":{"title":"Read one line at a time","prompt":"Which pattern processes an open text file one line at a time?","hint":"An open file can be used directly in a `for` loop.","help":{"concept":"`for line in file:` gives the loop one line from the open file at a time.","hint_1":"You do not need `.read()` when you want to iterate through the file directly.","hint_2":"Look for the `for line in file:` pattern."},"options":{"a":"for line in file:","b":"for file in line:","c":"line = file.read()","d":"while file = line:"}},"sc-with-cleanup":{"title":"Why use with open","prompt":"What happens to the file when execution leaves a `with open(...) as file:` block?","hint":"The `with` statement manages the file resource for you.","help":{"concept":"The `with` statement closes the file automatically when the block ends, even though you did not call `file.close()` yourself.","hint_1":"The file is not deleted or rewritten.","hint_2":"The managed file is closed after the block."},"options":{"a":"Python closes the file automatically","b":"Python deletes the file","c":"Python changes the file to write mode","d":"Python keeps the file open forever"}}},"tryIt":{"try_reading_text_files_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li `data/note.txt` epi enprime kontni li san ajoute tèks siplemantè."},"try_reading_text_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `note.txt`, li tout tèks li, epi enprime egzakteman sa ki nan fichye a."},"try_reading_text_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, fè yon bouk sou fichye a, epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li."},"try_reading_text_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, konte konbyen liy li genyen, epi enprime nimewo a."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_read_and_print":{"title":"Enprime sa ki nan yon fichye"},"ci_first_line":{"title":"Enprime sèlman premye liy lan"},"ci_count_lines":{"title":"Konte liy yo nan yon fichye tèks"}}},"simple-csv-processing":{"label":"Pwosesis Senp CSV","summary":"Sèvi ak modil csv la pou li ranje ki separe pa virg, jwenn valè yo pa non kolòn, epi netwaye done senp pandan w ap trete ranje yo an sekirite.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Li liy CSV kòm diksyonè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Netwaye valè ki soti nan ranje CSV yo"},"sketch2":{"title":"Sote ranje move an sekirite"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Mini-pwojè netwayaj CSV"}},"quiz":{"sc-import-csv":{"title":"Poukisa enpòte csv?","prompt":"Poukisa ou ekri `import csv` anvan ou itilize `csv.DictReader`?","hint":"Panse kote `DictReader` soti.","help":{"concept":"`DictReader` Se yon pati nan modil estanda Python `csv` la, kidonk fòk ou enpòte modil la anvan ou ka itilize `csv.DictReader`.","hint_1":"Chèche opsyon ki di kòd la ap fè zouti CSV yo disponib nan yon modil.","hint_2":"San enpòtasyon an, Python pa konnen sa `csv` refere a."},"options":{"a":"Li fè modil `csv` la disponib pou ou ka itilize `csv.DictReader`.","b":"Li netwaye espas otomatikman nan chak valè CSV.","c":"Li konvèti chak valè CSV an yon antye.","d":"Li kreye yon nouvo fichye CSV si youn pa egziste."}},"sc-dictreader-row-type":{"title":"Kisa DictReader pwodui?","prompt":"Lè w ap fè yon bouk atravè `csv.DictReader(file)`, ki sa chak `row` sanble plis?","hint":"Panse sou jwenn aksè a valè yo ak non kolòn tankou `row[\"name\"]`.","help":{"concept":"`csv.DictReader` li itilize ranje antèt la kòm kle, konsa chak ranje konpòte l tankou yon diksyonè ki mape non kolòn yo ak valè tèks.","hint_1":"Si ou ka itilize non yon kolòn andedan kwochè, ranje a baze sou kle.","hint_2":"Etikèt antèt yo vin tounen kle tankou `name` ak `score`."},"options":{"a":"Yon diksyonè ki map non kolòn yo ak valè yo","b":"Yon antye sèl nan ranje a","c":"Yon lis non fichye","d":"Yon fonksyon ki netwaye ranje a"}},"mc-clean-score-steps":{"title":"Netwaye yon valè nòt","prompt":"Yon ranje CSV gen `row[\"score\"] == \" 12 \"`. Ki etap ki prepare l kòrèkteman pou matematik? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Ou bezwen yon nimewo, pa tèks ki gen espas ant lèt yo.","help":{"concept":"Valè CSV yo li kòm chèn. Pou itilize yon chan nimerik nan kalkil, retire espas sipèflou si sa nesesè epi konvèti tèks ki netwaye a an yon antye.","hint_1":"Yon sèl etap kòrèk retire espas ki antoure yo, epi yon lòt konvèti tèks la an nimewo.","hint_2":"Metòd tankou `.strip()` netwaye tèks la, pandan ke `int(...)` chanje tip la."},"options":{"a":"Sèvi ak `.strip()` sou tèks nòt la.","b":"Sèvi ak `int(...)` sou tèks nòt mizik ki netwaye a.","c":"Kite l kòm tèks epi ajoute 1 dirèkteman","d":"Sèvi ak `dict(row)` pou konvèti nòt la an yon nimewo."}},"mc-good-csv-processing":{"title":"Modèl itil pou trete CSV","prompt":"Ki fragman kòd sa yo ki bon modèl pou debutan nan pwosesis senp CSV? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche modèl ki itilize modil csv la epi ki bay non kolòn yo klèman.","help":{"concept":"Bon pwosesis CSV pou debutan itilize`import csv`, `csv.DictReader`, ak aksè klè pa non antèt. Enprime `dict(row)` itil tou pou enspekte yon ranje an sekirite.","hint_1":"Youn nan opsyon kòrèk yo li ranje yo ak `csv.DictReader`, epi yon lòt enprime yon diksyonè ranje konplè pou enspeksyon.","hint_2":"Evite chwa ki pretann valè CSV yo vin nimewo otomatikman oswa ki pa enpòte modil la."},"options":{"a":"`import csv` swiv pa `reader = csv.DictReader(file)`","b":"`print(dict(row))` anndan yon bouk pou enspekte chak ranje","c":"Itilize `row[\"score\"]` pou jwenn aksè a yon kolòn ki gen non","d":"Sipoze `row[\"score\"]` se deja yon antye san konvèsyon"}},"dr-read-csv-order":{"title":"Kòmande etap lekti CSV yo","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou li yon fichye CSV ak`DictReader`, epi enprime yon kolòn.","hint":"Kòmanse pa mete zouti CSV yo disponib, apre sa louvri fichye a, epi kreye lektè a.","help":{"concept":"Yon script ki li CSV anjeneral swiv yon sekans: enpòte modil la, louvri fichye a, kreye yon `DictReader`, fè yon bouk sou ranje yo, epi jwenn valè yo pa non kolòn.","hint_1":"Boukl la fèt apre lektè a fin kreye.","hint_2":"Aksè a `row[\"name\"]` dwe fèt andedan bouk la, apre yon ranje egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"print(row[\"name\"])","t2":": pou ranje nan lektè","t3":"reader = csv.DictReader(file)","t4":"avèk open(\"names.csv\") kòm dosye","t5":"import csv"}},"dr-clean-row-order":{"title":"Kòmande etap netwayaj ranje yo","prompt":"Mete aksyon sa yo nan lòd kote yo netwaye yon nòt epi itilize li nan matematik.","hint":"Jwenn tèks la an premye, netwaye li, konvèti li, epi kalkile.","help":{"concept":"Lè w ap netwaye done nimerik nan yon fichye CSV, premye li valè tèks la, apre sa retire espas yo, konvèti l an nimerik`int`, epi sèlman apre sa sèvi avè l nan aritmetik.","hint_1":"Arithmetik ta dwe fèt apre konvèsyon an nan yon antye.","hint_2":"`.strip()` Li dwe vini anvan `int(...)`, paske li netwaye tèks ke `int` pral li."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ajoute 1 nan nòt antye a.","t2":"Konvèti tèks ki netwaye a avèk `int(...)`","t3":"Li `row[\"score\"]`","t4":"Retire espas yo avèk `.strip()`"}},"fb-dictreader-name":{"title":"Chwazi zouti lektè CSV la","prompt":"Konplete kòd la pou ranje yo ka jwenn pa non kolòn.","hint":"Sèvi ak zouti CSV ki kreye ranje tankou yon diksyonè.","help":{"concept":"`csv.the missing term` li ranje antèt la epi li bay chak ranje ki vin apre kòm yon objè ki sanble ak yon diksyonè, kote kle yo se non kolòn yo.","hint_1":"Valè ki manke a se non klas lektè a apre \"`csv.`\".","hint_2":"Se pa `reader` ni `split`; se èd CSV ki kòmanse ak `Dict`."},"template":"lektè = csv.[espas1](fichye)","choices":["Diktè Lektè","Lektè","Separe","Ekritè"]},"fb-strip-choice":{"title":"Chwazi metòd netwayaj la","prompt":"Ranpli metòd ki manke a pou retire espas ki antoure yon valè CSV.","hint":"Metòd sa a pou chèn retire espas nan tou de bout yo.","help":{"concept":"`.the missing term()` retire espas vid nan kòmansman ak nan fen yon chèn, sa ki itil anvan konvèti valè tèks CSV yo.","hint_1":"Metòd ki manke a rele sou yon chèn tankou `row[\"name\"]`.","hint_2":"Se metòd la ki transfòme `\" Ava \"` an `\"Ava\"`."},"template":"clean_name = row[\"name\"].[blank1]()","choices":["debarase","Ajoute","ekri","li"]},"ci-print-clean-names":{"title":"Enprime non ki netwaye yo soti nan yon fichye CSV","prompt":"Li`students.csv`\nak`csv.DictReader`\n, netwaye chak non pandan w ap fè yon bouk sou liy yo, epi enprime non ki netwaye yo.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Ava`\n\n`Ben`\n.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"students.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n # print the cleaned name\n pass","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"students.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"].strip())","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Retire espas anvan chak non CSV anvan ou enprime li."}}},"ci-sum-valid-scores":{"title":"Sime valè ki valab yo nan CSV la.","prompt":"Li `scores.csv`, netwaye chak 'score', eseye konvèti li an antye, epi ajoute sèlman nimewo ki valab yo nan `total`. Enprime `total` apre bouk la.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`16`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n # try to convert the cleaned score and add it to total\n pass\n\nprint(total)","solutionCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n try:\n total += int(row[\"score\"].strip())\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(total)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itiliztry/except pou valè nòt ki pa valab."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks nòt la ak int()."}}},"ci-write-summary-file":{"title":"Ekri yon fichye rezime CSV","prompt":"Bati yon rapò kout apati de`scores.csv`\n. Pandan w ap fè bouk la, mete ajou`valid_rows`\nak`total_score`\npou ranje ki gen nòt antye ki valab, apre sa ekri rezilta sa yo nan`summary.txt`\nepi enprime kontni fichye a.\n\nSòti w la dwe egzakteman:\n`valid_rows: 2`\n\n`total_score: 16`\n.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n # update valid_rows and total_score for rows with valid integer scores\n pass\n\n# write summary.txt, then print its contents","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n try:\n score = int(row[\"score\"].strip())\n valid_rows += 1\n total_score += score\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nwith open(\"summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"valid_rows: {valid_rows}\\n\")\n file.write(f\"total_score: {total_score}\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"summary.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itiliztry/except pou valè nòt ki pa valab."},"1":{"message":"Ekri rezime a nan summary.txt."}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-checkpoint":{"title":"Li premye ranje CSV la","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, epi enprime non an sou yon liy ak nòt la sou liy ki vin apre a.","hint":"Enpòte `csv`, kreye `csv.DictReader(file)`, epi itilize premye ranje a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a kòmanse leson an ak yon fichye CSV reyèl olye de yon ranje kòd fiks.","hint_1":"Itiliz`import csv` ak `with open(\"scores.csv\") as file:`.","hint_2":"Kreye `reader = csv.DictReader(file)`, jwenn premye ranje a, epi enprime `row[\"name\"]` ak `row[\"score\"]`."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Print the first row name, then the first row score.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n row = next(reader)\n print(row[\"name\"])\n print(row[\"score\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li scores.csv."},"1":{"message":"Ouvri scores.csv pou etap sa a."}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye yon ranje CSV nan yon fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, retire espas nan `name` ak `score`, epi enprime chak valè ki netwaye sou pwòp liy li.","hint":"Li premye ranje a nan `csv.DictReader`, epi itilize `.strip()` sou tou de valè yo.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike netwaye valè tèks yo apre li fin li yo nan yon fichye CSV.","hint_1":"Itiliz`row[\"name\"].strip()` ak `row[\"score\"].strip()`.","hint_2":"Enprime non ki netwaye a an premye, epi nòt ki netwaye a."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Read the first row, strip the name and score, and print them on separate lines.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n row = next(reader)\n print(row[\"name\"].strip())\n print(row[\"score\"].strip())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li ranje a."},"1":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan valè CSV yo."},"2":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `name`."},"3":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `score`."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\n# Open path in read mode with csv.DictReader.\n# Loop through every row and print name:score using the named columns.\n"},"data_class_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\nAva,92\nBen,85\n"},"data_class_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\nMia,78\nNoah,88\nLiam,91\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\nwith open(path, \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \":\" + row[\"score\"])\n"},"data_class_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\nAva,92\nBen,85\n"},"data_class_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\nMia,78\nNoah,88\nLiam,91\n"}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-sketch1":{"title":"Fè yon bouk sou ranje CSV yo","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, fè yon bouk sou chak ranje, epi enprime chak youn kòm `name: score`.","hint":"Fè yon bouk sou lektè a epi konstwi yon sèl liy fòmate apati chak ranje.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike pwosesis CSV ranje pa ranje ak kolòn ki gen non.","hint_1":"Itilize `for row in reader:` apre ou fin kreye `csv.DictReader(file)`.","hint_2":"Enprime `f\"{row[\"name\"]}: {row[\"score\"]}\"` pou chak ranje."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Loop through the rows and print each one as name: score.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(f'{row[\"name\"]}: {row[\"score\"]}')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li ranje yo."},"1":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou liy CSV yo olye pou w kode sòti a dirèkteman."},"2":{"message":"Use `strip()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"3":{"message":"Use `title()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"4":{"message":"Call `int(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\n# Read every row with csv.DictReader.\n# Clean the name with strip().title(), convert the cleaned score with int(),\n# and print Name:score for each row.\n"},"data_clean_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n aVA , 92 \n ben lee , 85\n"},"data_clean_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n mIA , 70 \n NOAH , 100 \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\nwith open(path, \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score = int(row[\"score\"].strip())\n print(name + \":\" + str(score))\n"},"data_clean_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n aVA , 92 \n ben lee , 85\n"},"data_clean_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n mIA , 70 \n NOAH , 100 \n"}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-sketch2":{"title":"Ajoute nòt CSV yo","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, konvèti chak nòt an antye, ajoute nòt yo nan `total`, epi enprime `total`.","hint":"Fè yon bouk atravè lektè a, konvèti `row[\"score\"]` ak `int(...)`, epi ajoute li nan `total`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a aplike tout modèl CSV la: li ranje yo, konvèti tèks nòt la, epi fè kalkil an sekirite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak `total = 0`, epi fè yon bouk atravè `csv.DictReader(file)`.","hint_2":"Itilize `int(row[\"score\"])` andedan bouk la anvan ou ajoute l nan `total`."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Convert each score to int, add it into total, and print total.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n total += int(row[\"score\"])\n\nprint(total)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li ranje yo."},"1":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou liy CSV yo olye pou w kode total la dirèkteman."},"2":{"message":"Konvèti tèks nòt la ak int()."},"3":{"message":"Ajoute chak nòt nimerik nan total la."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\n# Read every CSV row.\n# Clean the name and score text.\n# Count and sum only rows with a non-empty name and an integer score from 0..100.\n# Print valid_rows and total_score after the loop.\n"},"data_mixed_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\n ,75\nLeo,ten\nMia,105\nNoah,80\n"},"data_mixed_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n kai ,0\nLena,100\nOmar,-2\nIvy,55\nNia,oops\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\nwith open(path, \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name != \"\":\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n score = None\n\n if score is not None and 0 <= score <= 100:\n valid_rows += 1\n total_score += score\n\nprint(\"valid_rows: \" + str(valid_rows))\nprint(\"total_score: \" + str(total_score))\n"},"data_mixed_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\n ,75\nLeo,ten\nMia,105\nNoah,80\n"},"data_mixed_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n kai ,0\nLena,100\nOmar,-2\nIvy,55\nNia,oops\n"}}},"sc-dictreader-purpose":{"title":"Why use DictReader?","prompt":"What is the main beginner benefit of `csv.DictReader(file)` when the CSV has a header row such as `name,score`?","hint":"Think about how you access `row[\"name\"]`.","help":{"concept":"`csv.DictReader` uses the header row as keys, so later rows can be accessed by meaningful column names.","hint_1":"The header labels become names such as `name` and `score`.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about dictionary-like rows and named columns."},"options":{"a":"Each row can be accessed with keys such as `row[\"name\"]` and `row[\"score\"]`","b":"Every value is automatically converted to an integer","c":"The CSV file is rewritten with cleaner spacing","d":"The header row is deleted from disk"}},"sc-csv-value-type":{"title":"CSV values start as text","prompt":"If a CSV row contains `Ava,92`, what kind of value is `row[\"score\"]` when it first comes from `csv.DictReader`?","hint":"Reading CSV data does not automatically perform numeric conversion.","help":{"concept":"`csv.DictReader` reads field values as strings. Numeric-looking text must still be converted before numeric calculations.","hint_1":"The characters `92` came from a text file.","hint_2":"Choose the string value rather than the integer value."},"options":{"a":"The string `\"92\"`","b":"The integer `92`","c":"The float `92.0`","d":"A dictionary containing only the score"}},"sc-clean-convert-order":{"title":"Clean before numeric conversion","prompt":"A CSV score field is `\" 92 \"`. Which expression correctly removes surrounding spaces and converts it to an integer?","hint":"Clean the string first, then pass the cleaned text to `int(...)`.","help":{"concept":"CSV values are strings, so a common numeric-field pattern is `int(row[\"score\"].strip())`.","hint_1":"`.strip()` removes surrounding whitespace.","hint_2":"`int(...)` performs the numeric conversion after cleaning."},"options":{"a":"int(row[\"score\"].strip())","b":"row[\"score\"].int().strip()","c":"row[\"score\"] + 1","d":"csv.int(row[\"score\"])"}},"sc-bad-row-policy":{"title":"Reject one bad row without stopping later rows","prompt":"While processing many CSV rows, one cleaned score contains `\"oops\"`. What beginner pattern lets the program reject that row and continue processing later rows?","hint":"Use the specific conversion exception from the previous topics.","help":{"concept":"Catch `ValueError` around the integer conversion for that row, then continue the surrounding row-processing logic.","hint_1":"The problem is invalid integer text, not a missing file.","hint_2":"Choose the pattern that handles `ValueError` rather than crashing the whole CSV loop."},"options":{"a":"Use `try` around `int(...)` and catch `ValueError` for that row","b":"Assume every score is already valid","c":"Catch `FileNotFoundError` around the integer conversion","d":"Convert every bad score to 0 automatically"}}},"tryIt":{"try_simple_csv_processing_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, epi enprime non an sou yon liy ak nòt la sou liy ki vin apre a."},"try_simple_csv_processing_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, retire espas nan `name` ak `score`, epi enprime chak valè ki netwaye sou pwòp liy li."},"try_simple_csv_processing_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, fè yon bouk sou chak ranje, epi enprime chak youn kòm `name: score`."},"try_simple_csv_processing_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, konvèti chak nòt an antye, ajoute nòt yo nan `total`, epi enprime `total`."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_print_clean_names":{"title":"Enprime non ki netwaye yo soti nan yon fichye CSV."},"ci_sum_valid_scores":{"title":"Sime valè valab yo nan CSV la."},"ci_write_summary_file":{"title":"Ekri yon fichye rezime CSV"}}},"try-except-basics":{"label":"Try/Except Baz yo","summary":"Kenbe erè yo atann epi kenbe pwogram yo itil.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa try/except fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Se sèlman liy ki riske a ki bezwen pwoteksyon."},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak eksepsyon pou kenbe pwogram yo itilizab."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike konvèsyon entèg an sekirite ak try/except"}},"quiz":{"q1":{"title":"Kisa k rive apre yo fin detekte yon erè konvèsyon?","prompt":"Yon pwogram kouri modèl sa a:\n\n```python\ntry:\n number = int(text)\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Bad number\")\n```\n\nSi `text` se `\"cat\"`, kisa k ap pase?","hint":"Panse sou sa `int()` fè ak tèks ki pa yon nimewo antye valab.","help":{"concept":"`except ValueError` Jere echèk ki soti nan `int()` lè tèks pa ka konvèti an nimerik.","hint_1":"`int(\"cat\")` Li pa ka pwodui yon nimewo, kidonk Python leve yon erè \"`ValueError`\".","hint_2":"Paske yo trape erè espesifik sa a, pwogram nan egzekite blòk `except` la olye pou l sispann imedyatman."},"options":{"a":"Blòk `except` la kouri epi enprime `Bad number`","b":"Blòk `try` la enprime nimewo konvèti a.","c":"Python inyore tèks ki pa bon an epi li itilize 0","d":"Pwogram nan toujou kanpe anvan li rive nan `except`"}},"q2":{"title":"Ki erè ki anfòm nan konvèsyon entè?","prompt":"Ki tip eksepsyon ou ta dwe trape lè yon eksepsyon E`int(user_text)` ka leve paske tèks la pa yon antye valab?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Erè non","b":"Erè valè","c":"Erè Endèks","d":"Erè Sentaks"}},"q3":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize try/except isit la?","prompt":"Chwazi tout rezon ki kòrèk pou itilize `try/except` alantou `int(text)` lè w ap netwaye done sal.","hint":"Chèche benefis ki gen rapò ak jere tèks nimerik ki pa kòrèk san danje.","help":{"concept":"`try/except` Li itil lè gen kèk valè ki ka pa valab epi ou vle pwogram nan reyaji san danje olye pou l kraze.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa k rive lè yon atik pa bon nan yon seri pi laj de antre.","hint_2":"Bon chwa yo ta dwe mansyone jere erè avèk gras ak kontinye koule pwogram nan, pa siksè konvèsyon garanti."},"options":{"a":"Li pèmèt pwogram nan jere tèks nimerik ki pa valab san li pa kraze imedyatman.","b":"Li ka montre yon mesaj ranplasman lè konvèsyon an echwe.","c":"Li garanti ke chak chèn ap tounen yon antye.","d":"Li ka ede yon bouk kontinye trete valè ki vin apre yo apre yon move valè."}},"q4":{"title":"Ki antre yo ki ta deklanche ValueError?","prompt":"Chwazi tout valè ki ta ogmante `ValueError` nan `int(value)`.","hint":"Chwazi kòd ki pa tèks nimewo antye valab.","help":{"concept":"`int()` Aksepte chèn tankou `\"12\"` oswa `\"-3\"`, men li rejte tèks ki gen lèt oswa pwen desimal nan fòm chèn pou konvèsyon an antye senp.","hint_1":"Yon siy mwens ak chif toujou se yon chèn antye valab.","hint_2":"Chèche valè ki gen lèt oswa yon pwen desimal kòm tèks."},"options":{"a":"\"18\"","b":"ble","c":"4.5","d":"-2"}},"q5":{"title":"Lòd egzekisyon lè konvèsyon echwe","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd yo rive lè `int(text)` leve `ValueError` andedan yon blòk `try/except`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki mete aksyon Python an an plas.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Python antre nan blòk`try` la","t2":"`int(text)` Rasanble`ValueError`","t3":"Rès blòk `try` la sote","t4":"Blòk `except` ki mache ansanm yo"}},"q6":{"title":"Bati yon modèl debaz pou yon try/except","prompt":"Aranje moso kòd sa yo nan yon modèl debaz kòrèk ki konvèti tèks antre a an yon nimewo antye epi jere antre ki pa kòrèk.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste anvan yo apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Eseye:","t2":"nimewo = ent(tekst)","t3":"print(number)","t4":"eksepte ValueError:","t5":"print(\"Invalid input\")"}},"q7":{"title":"Nonmen mo kle pou kaptire a","prompt":"Konplete mo kle code ki jere erè a apre `try`.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa kòmand la dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"try:\n number = int(text)\n[blank1] ValueError:\n print(\"Bad input\")","choices":["eksepte","retounen","pandan","Enpòte"]},"q8":{"title":"Chwazi konvèsyon riske a","prompt":"Ranpli ekspresyon ki ka bay erè \"`ValueError`\" lè tèks la pa yon antye valab.","hint":"Sèvi ak konvèsyon entegre ki soti nan tèks pou nimewo antye.","help":{"concept":"Etap ki riske nan modèl sa a se konvèti tèks ak `int(...)`, paske kèk chèn pa entèger valab.","hint_1":"Kòd ki manke a ta dwe eseye konvèti `user_text` an yon nimewo antye.","hint_2":"Chwazi ekspresyon ki rele fonksyon konvèsyon antye Python sou varyab la."},"template":"try:\n number = [blank1]\n print(number)\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid\")","choices":["ent(tekstit)","print(user_text)","longè(tekstitèb)","tekst(itilizatè_tekst)"]},"q9":{"title":"Kenbe yon antre antye negatif","prompt":"Yon skanè nimewo ka resevwa yon tèks ki pa valab. Konvèti antre a andedan yon blòk ``try``, epi enprime swa nimewo ki fòmate a oswa yon mesaj ki pa valab.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `27`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Number: 27`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"text = input()\n\n# Convert the text to an integer inside try.\n# Print either the converted result or an invalid message.","solutionCode":"text = input()\n\ntry:\n number = int(text)\n print(f\"Number: {number}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid number\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}}},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute de antre an sekirite","prompt":"De antre 80 rive kòm tèks. Konvèti toude valè yo an nimewo antye, epi enprime sòm nan oswa yon mesaj ki di li pa valab si youn nan valè yo pa ka tounen yon antye.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `8` ak `5`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Sum: 13`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman yo mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"first_text = input()\nsecond_text = input()\n\n# Convert both values inside try.\n# Print the sum or an invalid message.","solutionCode":"first_text = input()\nsecond_text = input()\n\ntry:\n first_number = int(first_text)\n second_number = int(second_text)\n print(f\"Sum: {first_number + second_number}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid input\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}}},"q11":{"title":"Konte nimewo valab yo","prompt":"Yon lis ki separe ak virg pa ka genyen antre ki pa kòrèk. Fè yon bouk sou chak pati, eseye konvèti li an `int`, konte sèlman antyè valab yo, epi enprime kantite final la.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `3,7,bad,10`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Valid count: 3`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"parts = input().split(\",\")\nvalid_count = 0\n\n# Loop through each part.\n# Try to convert each one to int.\n# Count only the valid integers.\n# Print the final count.","solutionCode":"parts = input().split(\",\")\nvalid_count = 0\n\nfor part in parts:\n try:\n int(part)\n valid_count += 1\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(f\"Valid count: {valid_count}\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Pase nan chak pati."},"1":{"message":"Itiliztry/except alantou konvèsyon entègra."},"2":{"message":"Konvèti chak valè ak int()."}}},"try-try-except-basics-checkpoint":{"title":"Jere yon move nimewo","prompt":"Li antre a epi eseye konvèti li an yon antye. Enprime \"`Valid`\" si sa mache, sinon enprime \"`Invalid`\".","hint":"Itiliz`try` ak `except ValueError`.","help":{"concept":"Yon blòk `try/except` jere erè san li pa fè pwogram nan kraze.","hint_1":"Itiliz`try` ak `except ValueError`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"text = input()\n\n# Print Valid for an integer, otherwise Invalid.\n","solutionCode":"text = input()\ntry:\n int(text)\n print(\"Valid\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk try pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}}},"try-try-except-basics-sketch0":{"title":"Trape yon Erè Valè","prompt":"Trape erè espesifik ki koze pa yon konvèsyon entèg ki pa valab.","hint":"Eseye konvèti tèks la an nimerik. Enprime 'move nimewo' si li echwe.","help":{"concept":"Eseye konvèti tèks la an nimerik. Enprime 'move nimewo' si li echwe.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"text = 'abc'\n\n# Try to convert text to int. Print 'bad number' if it fails.\n","solutionCode":"text = 'abc'\ntry:\n number = int(text)\n print(number)\nexcept ValueError:\n print('bad number')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."},"2":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"text = input().strip()\n\n# Convert text with int(...) inside try.\n# Print Number: <value> or Invalid number.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"text = input().strip()\n\ntry:\n number = int(text)\n print(\"Number: \" + str(number))\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid number\")\n"}}},"try-try-except-basics-sketch1":{"title":"Itilize else apre try","prompt":"Blòk `else` la egzekite lè pa gen okenn eksepsyon ki rive.","hint":"Konvèti tèks an entèger epi enprime 'ok' sèlman si konvèsyon an reyisi.","help":{"concept":"Konvèti tèks la an nimerik epi enprime 'ok' sèlman si konvèsyon an reyisi.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"text = '42'\n\n# Convert text to int and print 'ok' only if conversion succeeds.\n","solutionCode":"text = '42'\ntry:\n number = int(text)\nexcept ValueError:\n print('bad number')\nelse:\n print('ok')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"filename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\n# Try to open path in read mode and print its stripped text.\n# If the file is missing, print Missing file.\n"},"data_note_txt":{"content":"Study exceptions carefully.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"filename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\ntry:\n with open(path, \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read().strip()\n print(text)\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n print(\"Missing file\")\n"},"data_note_txt":{"content":"Study exceptions carefully.\n"}}},"try-try-except-basics-sketch2":{"title":"Kontinye boukle apre yon move valè","prompt":"Sèvi ak try/except anndan bouk la pou yon move valè pa kanpe pwogram nan.","hint":"Enprime sèlman valè ki ka konvèti an entèger.","help":{"concept":"Enprime sèlman valè ki ka konvèti an entèger.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"values = ['10', 'bad', '3']\n\n# Print only the values that can be converted to int.\n","solutionCode":"values = ['10', 'bad', '3']\nfor value in values:\n try:\n print(int(value))\n except ValueError:\n pass\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon sik sou valè yo olye pou w tape 10 ak 3 dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Itiliztry/except alantou konvèsyon entèger la."},"2":{"message":"Konvèti chak valè ak int()."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"first = input().strip()\nsecond = input().strip()\n\n# Loop through [first, second].\n# For each filename, open data/<filename> and print its stripped text.\n# If that file is missing, print Missing: <filename> and continue.\n"},"data_alpha_txt":{"content":"Alpha file\n"},"data_beta_txt":{"content":"Beta file\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"first = input().strip()\nsecond = input().strip()\n\nfor filename in [first, second]:\n path = \"data/\" + filename\n try:\n with open(path, \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read().strip()\n print(text)\n except FileNotFoundError:\n print(\"Missing: \" + filename)\n"},"data_alpha_txt":{"content":"Alpha file\n"},"data_beta_txt":{"content":"Beta file\n"}}},"sc-value-error":{"title":"Match the conversion error","prompt":"Which exception should handle `int(text)` when `text` might contain something like `\"apple\"`?","hint":"An invalid value is being passed to a valid conversion function.","help":{"concept":"`int(...)` raises `ValueError` when the text cannot represent a whole number.","hint_1":"The function name `int` exists, so this is not a `NameError`.","hint_2":"Choose the exception for a value that cannot be converted."},"options":{"a":"ValueError","b":"FileNotFoundError","c":"NameError","d":"IndexError"}},"sc-file-not-found":{"title":"Match the missing-file error","prompt":"Which exception should handle `open(\"data/missing.txt\", \"r\")` when the file does not exist?","hint":"The path points to a file that Python cannot find.","help":{"concept":"Opening a missing path for reading raises `FileNotFoundError`.","hint_1":"This is a file-location problem, not an integer-conversion problem.","hint_2":"Choose the exception whose name describes a missing file."},"options":{"a":"FileNotFoundError","b":"ValueError","c":"TypeError","d":"IndexError"}},"sc-matching-handler":{"title":"What happens after an exception is caught","prompt":"When code inside `try` raises a `ValueError` and the program has `except ValueError:`, what happens next?","hint":"Python stops the remaining statements in that `try` block and jumps to the matching handler.","help":{"concept":"A matching `except` block handles the raised exception; statements after the failing line inside `try` are skipped.","hint_1":"Python does not continue the rest of the `try` block after the exception.","hint_2":"Choose the option where the matching `except` block runs."},"options":{"a":"Python runs the matching `except ValueError` block","b":"Python ignores the error and continues the next line inside `try`","c":"Python changes the bad value to 0","d":"Python always stops before checking `except`"}},"sc-specific-exception":{"title":"Why catch a specific exception","prompt":"Why is `except ValueError:` better here than a broad bare `except:` when the risky operation is `int(text)`?","hint":"Handle the error you expect instead of hiding unrelated problems.","help":{"concept":"Catching the specific expected exception makes the program's intent clearer and avoids silently swallowing unrelated bugs.","hint_1":"The known risk is an invalid integer value.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about handling that known error while leaving unrelated errors visible."},"options":{"a":"It handles the expected conversion error without hiding every unrelated exception","b":"It guarantees every string becomes an integer","c":"It makes `try` unnecessary","d":"It turns all exceptions into `ValueError`"}}},"tryIt":{"try_try_except_basics_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li antre a epi eseye konvèti li an yon antye. Enprime `Valid` si li mache, sinon enprime `Invalid`."},"try_try_except_basics_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kenbe erè espesifik ki koze pa yon konvèsyon entèg ki pa valab."},"try_try_except_basics_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Blòk `else` la egzekite lè pa gen okenn eksepsyon ki rive."},"try_try_except_basics_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize try/except anndan bouk la pou yon move valè pa kanpe pwogram nan."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"q9":{"title":"Kenbe yon antre antye negatif"},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute de antre an sekirite"},"q11":{"title":"Konte nimewo valab yo"}}},"validating-and-cleaning-input":{"label":"Validasyon ak netwayaj done antre","summary":"Netwaye valè tèks yo, detekte done ki manke, epi rejte ranje ki pa valab san pwogram ou pa kraze.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ki validasyon ak netwayaj yo fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Valè ki manke kont valè ki pa valab"},"sketch2":{"title":"Mete règ netwayaj yo nan fonksyon yo"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Kreye èd pou netwaye antre ki dezòdone."}},"quiz":{"sc-valid-row":{"title":"Ki ranje ki valab apre netwayaj la?","prompt":"Yon pwogram retire espas nan tou de chan yo, epi li mande yon non ki pa vid ak yon laj ki ka konvèti ak fonksyon `int()`. Ki ranje ki ta aksepte?","hint":"Chèche yon ranje kote ou ka retire espas epi tèks laj la toujou vin yon nimewo antye.","help":{"concept":"Yon ranje valab sèlman si netwayaj ak `strip()` kite yon non reyèl ak yon chèn laj ke `int()` ka konvèti.","hint_1":"Tcheke chak opsyon apre ou fin retire espas vid ki devan ak ki dèyè nan tou de valè yo.","hint_2":"Rejte ranje ki gen yon non netwaye vid oswa yon laj ki tankou yon mo olye de chif."},"options":{"a":"Ava, 12","b":"[ , ]","c":"Leo, dis","d":"Mia, 4.5"}},"sc-except-flow":{"title":"Ki sa except catch la kenbe isit la?","prompt":"Nan yon blòk `try`/`except ValueError`, ki kalite pwoblèm `except` la fèt pou jere pandan `int(age_text)`?","hint":"Panse sou sa k rive lè tèks pa ka tounen yon antye.","help":{"concept":"`ValueError` Li leve lè yon fonksyon konvèsyon tankou `int()` resevwa yon valè ki nan bon tip jeneral la men ki gen yon kontni ki pa ka itilize.","hint_1":"`int()` Li mache pou chèn tankou `'7'`, men li pa mache pou chèn ki gen mo oswa tèks desimal nan kontèks debutan sa a.","hint_2":"Pwoblèm nan pa yon non varyab ki manke oswa yon erè sentaks nan editè kòd la; se move kontni antre pandan konvèsyon an."},"options":{"a":"Yon valè tèks tankou 'diz' ki pa ka konvèti an nimerik antye.","b":"Yon deklarasyon `print()` ki manke","c":"Endèks yon lis ki twò gwo","d":"Yon chemen fichye toujou relativ"}},"mc-clean-steps":{"title":"Etap itil pou netwaye","prompt":"Chwazi tout etap ki ede netwaye yon ranje tèks anvan validasyon.","hint":"Panse sou operasyon ki retire bri fòma oswa ki estandadize valè tèks yo.","help":{"concept":"Netwayaj la prepare tèks brit la pou validasyon lè li retire espas anplis oswa fè fòma a pi konsistan anvan tcheke règ yo fèt.","hint_1":"Metòd tankou `strip()` ak normalizasyon ka ede; aksyon ki sèlman montre done pa netwaye yo.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki chanje antre dezòdone an yon fòm ki pi konsistan anvan w tcheke si li valab."},"options":{"a":"Itilize `strip()` pou retire espas anplis ki antoure yon valè.","b":"Konvèti yon non tankou 'aVA' nan yon stil majiskil ki konsistan tankou title case.","c":"Enprime ranje a san chanje l","d":"Kenbe tout espas yo egzakteman jan yo te ye pou validasyon an ka wè dezòd la."}},"mc-reject-row":{"title":"Ki ranje yo ta dwe rejte?","prompt":"Yon ranje ki netwaye valab sèlman lè non an pa vid epi nòt la se yon antye ki soti nan 0 rive 100. Chwazi tout ranje ki ta dwe rejte.","hint":"Tcheke chak ranje apre ou fin retire espas yo, epi teste tou de règ yo.","help":{"concept":"Validasyon ka enplike plis pase yon règ: prezans, konvèsyon tip, ak entèval nimerik ki pèmèt.","hint_1":"Yon ranje echwe si non ki netwaye a vid, si nòt la pa ka tounen yon antye, oswa si antye a pa ant 0 ak 100.","hint_2":"Gade byen ranje ki gen sèlman espas pou non, nòt ki baze sou mo, ak nimewo ki depase maksimòm ki pèmèt la."},"options":{"a":"Avwa, 90","b":"[ , '75']","c":"Leo, dis","d":"Mia, 105"}},"dr-clean-order":{"title":"Kòmande pwosesis netwayaj la","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan yon lòd ki fè sans pou netwaye ak valide yon valè tèks ki ta dwe tounen yon antye.","hint":"Fòmate byen anvan konvèsyon an, epi sèvi ak nimewo a sèlman apre konvèsyon an reyisi.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis netwayaj serye retire espas sipèfl li yo an premye, apre sa li eseye konvèti yo, epi li itilize valè konvèti a pou verifikasyon ki vin apre yo.","hint_1":"Si ou eseye `int()` anvan ou retire espas yo epi tcheke tèks brit la, kòd ou a vin pi difisil pou konprann.","hint_2":"Kòmanse ak tèks orijinal la, netwaye li, konvèti li, epi kontinye ak validasyon nimerik."},"tokens":{"t1":"Li valè tèks la","t2":"Retire espas anplis yo avèk `strip()`","t3":"Konvèti tèks ki netwaye a ak `int()`","t4":"Sèvi ak antye a nan verifikasyon ki vin apre yo."}},"dr-try-except-order":{"title":"Kòmande koule try/except la","prompt":"Aranje pati sa yo pou montre koule nòmal la lè w ap konvèti tèks ki netwaye an yon antye san danje.","hint":"Konvèsyon riske a dwe andedan `try`, epi jesyon erè a vini apre li.","help":{"concept":"`try` li genyen kòd ki ka echwe, tandiske `except` jere yon erè espesifik si echèk sa a rive.","hint_1":"Mete tantativ konvèsyon an apre ou fin antre `try`, epi mete aksyon ranplasman an andedan `except ValueError`.","hint_2":"Chemen ki reyisi a itilize nimewo konvèti a anvan chemen pou jere erè a parèt."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kòmanse `try:`","t2":"Eseye `age = int(age_text)`","t3":"Sèvi ak `age` si konvèsyon an te mache.","t4":"Jere move antre nan `except ValueError:`"}},"fb-strip-name":{"title":"Ranpli metòd netwayaj la","prompt":"Konplete kòd la pou li retire espas anplis ki antoure non an.","hint":"Sèvi ak metòd string ki retire espas nan tou de bout yo.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term()` retire espas vid nan kòmansman ak nan fen yon chèn, ki se yon premye etap netwayaj ki kouran.","hint_1":"Valè ki manke a se non yon metòd ki itilize tankou `name.[blank1]()` nan Python.","hint_2":"Se metòd ki vire `' Ava '` an `'Ava'` san chanje lèt yo nan mitan."},"template":"clean_name = name.[blank1]()","choices":["Separe","depi","Ajoute","ekri"]},"fb-empty-check":{"title":"Ranpli konparezon ki manke a","prompt":"Konplete kondisyon an pou li detekte yon valè netwaye ki manke.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa ki dekri nan mesaj la.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"si cleaned_name == [blank1]:","choices":["Zewo","Pa genyen","\"\"","Fo"]},"ci-clean-name":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou netwaye non","prompt":"Ekri `clean_name(text)` pou li retounen yon vèsyon netwaye nan tèks non an.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ekri yon fonksyon pou netwaye non\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(text):\n # return the cleaned name\n pass","solutionCode":"def clean_name(text):\n cleaned = text.strip()\n return cleaned.title()"},"ci-parse-age":{"title":"Analize yon laj an sekirite","prompt":"Ekri `parse_age(text)` pou li retounen yon `int` lè tèks la se yon laj valab, epi `None` lè tèks la pa ka itilize kòm yon laj.","hint":"Li tach la \"Analize yon laj an sekirite\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def parse_age(text):\n # return an int or None\n pass","solutionCode":"def parse_age(text):\n cleaned = text.strip()\n try:\n return int(cleaned)\n except ValueError:\n return None"},"ci-clean-row":{"title":"Valide epi netwaye yon ranje","prompt":"Ekri `clean_row(row)` pou ranje ki gen fòm tankou `[name_text, score_text]`. Retounen yon diksyonè netwaye lè tou de valè yo valab, oswa `None` lè ranje a dwe rejte.","hint":"Li tach la \"Valide ak netwaye yon ranje\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(row):\n # row looks like [name_text, score_text]\n # return a cleaned dictionary or None\n pass","solutionCode":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[0].strip()\n score_text = row[1].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name.title(), \"score\": score}"},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-checkpoint":{"title":"Netwaye epi valide yon non","prompt":"Li yon non. Retire tout espas epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil. Si non ki netwaye a vid, enprime `Missing`; sinon enprime non ki netwaye a.","hint":"Itilize `.strip()` anvan ou tcheke si valè a vid.","help":{"concept":"Netwaye antre anvan w valide l ede pwogram yo jere tèks dezòdone.","hint_1":"Itilize `.strip()` anvan ou tcheke si valè a vid.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"name = input()\n\n# Clean and validate the name.\n","solutionCode":"name = input().strip().title()\nif name:\n print(name)\nelse:\n print(\"Missing\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan non an."},"1":{"message":"Mete premye lèt non ki netwaye a an majiskil."}}},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye yon non","prompt":"Netwaye espas vid ak kapitalizasyon anvan w itilize done itilizatè a.","hint":"Retire espas sipèfl, konvèti an majiskil tit, epi enprime rezilta a.","help":{"concept":"Retire espas sipèfl, konvèti an majiskil tit, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"raw = ' aVA smith '\n\n# Strip extra spaces, convert to title case, and print the result.\n","solutionCode":"raw = ' aVA smith '\nclean = raw.strip().title()\nprint(clean)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak strip() pou retire espas anplis."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak title() pou nòmalize non an."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"raw_name = input()\n\n# Clean raw_name with strip() and title().\n# Print Missing if the cleaned name is \"\"; otherwise print the cleaned name.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"raw_name = input()\ncleaned_name = raw_name.strip().title()\n\nif cleaned_name == \"\":\n print(\"Missing\")\nelse:\n print(cleaned_name)\n"}}},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-sketch1":{"title":"Valide yon nòt","prompt":"Tcheke entèval nimerik yo apre konvèsyon an.","hint":"Konvèti score_text an nimerik. Enprime 'valid' si li soti nan 0 rive 100.","help":{"concept":"Konvèti score_text an nimerik. Enprime 'valid' si li soti nan 0 rive 100.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"score_text = '92'\n\n# Convert score_text to int. Print 'valid' if it is from 0 to 100.\n","solutionCode":"score_text = '92'\nscore = int(score_text)\nif 0 <= score <= 100:\n print('valid')\nelse:\n print('invalid')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Konvèti score_text an yon antye."},"1":{"message":"Tcheke ke nòt la ant 0 ak 100."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"score_text = input()\n\n# Strip score_text, convert it safely with int(),\n# and print Valid score only for integers from 0 through 100.\n# Print Invalid score for bad integer text or an out-of-range number.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"score_text = input().strip()\n\ntry:\n score = int(score_text)\n if 0 <= score <= 100:\n print(\"Valid score\")\n else:\n print(\"Invalid score\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid score\")\n"}}},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-sketch2":{"title":"Netwaye plizyè ranje","prompt":"Separe chak ranje, retire chak chan, epi fòmate rezilta ki netwaye a.","hint":"Enprime liy nòt ak non ki netwaye, tankou Ava:92.","help":{"concept":"Enprime liy nòt ak non ki netwaye, tankou Ava:92.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"rows = [' ava , 92 ', ' mia , 85 ']\n\n# Print cleaned name:score lines like Ava:92.\n","solutionCode":"rows = [' ava , 92 ', ' mia , 85 ']\nfor row in rows:\n name, score = row.split(',')\n print(f'{name.strip().title()}:{score.strip()}')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou ranje yo olye w tape toude liy ki netwaye yo."},"1":{"message":"Separe chak ranje an non ak nòt."},"2":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan chak pati."},"3":{"message":"Mete premye lèt chak non an majiskil."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_record(name_text, score_text):\n # Return {\"name\": cleaned_name, \"score\": score} when both fields are valid.\n # Return None for a missing name, invalid integer text, or a score outside 0..100.\n pass\n\nname_text = input()\nscore_text = input()\nrecord = clean_record(name_text, score_text)\n\n# Print Rejected for None; otherwise print Name:score.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_record(name_text, score_text):\n name = name_text.strip().title()\n cleaned_score = score_text.strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(cleaned_score)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n\nname_text = input()\nscore_text = input()\nrecord = clean_record(name_text, score_text)\n\nif record is None:\n print(\"Rejected\")\nelse:\n print(record[\"name\"] + \":\" + str(record[\"score\"]))\n"}}},"sc-clean-before-check":{"title":"Clean before checking","prompt":"A required name arrives as `\" \"`. What should the program do before deciding whether the name is missing?","hint":"Whitespace can hide that nothing meaningful was entered.","help":{"concept":"Clean text first, then validate the cleaned value. `strip()` turns a spaces-only string into the empty string.","hint_1":"Checking the raw string would treat several spaces as non-empty text.","hint_2":"Choose the step that removes surrounding whitespace before the missing-value check."},"options":{"a":"Call `.strip()` and then check the cleaned value","b":"Convert the name with `int()`","c":"Append another space","d":"Write the value to a file first"}},"sc-empty-string":{"title":"Detect a missing cleaned value","prompt":"After `cleaned_name = raw_name.strip()`, which comparison directly checks whether the cleaned name is missing?","hint":"A spaces-only string becomes an empty string after `strip()`.","help":{"concept":"The empty string is written as `\"\"`. It is not the number `0`, `None`, or `False`.","hint_1":"Think about the exact value returned by `\" \".strip()`.","hint_2":"Choose the comparison against an empty string literal."},"options":{"a":"cleaned_name == \"\"","b":"cleaned_name == 0","c":"cleaned_name == None","d":"cleaned_name == False"}},"sc-invalid-integer":{"title":"Handle invalid numeric text","prompt":"A cleaned score is `\"ten\"`. What should a safe integer-validation step expect from `int(score_text)`?","hint":"This is the same conversion error handled in the previous topic.","help":{"concept":"`int(...)` raises `ValueError` when cleaned text still cannot represent a whole number.","hint_1":"Cleaning whitespace does not make the word `ten` numeric.","hint_2":"Choose the specific conversion exception introduced in Try/Except Basics."},"options":{"a":"It raises `ValueError`","b":"It returns 0","c":"It returns `None` automatically","d":"It changes the text to `\"10\"`"}},"sc-score-range":{"title":"Validate the allowed range","prompt":"A score successfully converts to the integer `105`. If valid scores must be from 0 through 100, how should the program classify it?","hint":"Successful conversion does not guarantee the number satisfies the rule.","help":{"concept":"Validation can have multiple stages: first confirm conversion works, then check the allowed numeric range.","hint_1":"105 is an integer, so conversion is not the problem.","hint_2":"Compare 105 with the maximum allowed score of 100."},"options":{"a":"Invalid because it is outside 0 through 100","b":"Valid because every integer is accepted","c":"Missing because it is greater than zero","d":"A `FileNotFoundError`"}}},"tryIt":{"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li yon non. Retire tout espas epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil. Si non ki netwaye a vid, enprime \"`Missing`\"; sinon enprime non ki netwaye a."},"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Netwaye espas vid ak kapitalizasyon anvan w itilize done itilizatè a."},"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Tcheke entèval nimerik yo apre konvèsyon an."},"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Separe chak ranje, retire chak chan, epi fòmate rezilta ki netwaye a."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_clean_name":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou netwaye non"},"ci_parse_age":{"title":"Analize yon laj an sekirite"},"ci_clean_row":{"title":"Valide epi netwaye yon ranje"}}},"working-with-paths":{"label":"Travay ak Chemen","summary":"Konprann chemen relatif ak òganizasyon senp dosye.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Chemen relatif yo endike dosye ki nan espas travay aktyèl ou a."},"sketch1":{"title":"Dosye ede òganize fichye yo klèman."},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak chemen relatif senp, pa sa ki espesifik pou yon machin."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike lekti ak ekriti ak chemen relatif"}},"quiz":{"sc-relative-path-folder":{"title":"Chwazi chemen relatif la","prompt":"Yon fichye ki rele `input.txt` nan yon dosye ki rele `data`. Ki chemen ki refere kòrèkteman a fichye sa a nan leson sa a?","hint":"Itilize non dosye a an premye, epi non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Nonche wout relatif dosye yo nan lòd soti nan kote espas travay aktyèl la rive nan fichye sib la.","hint_1":"Fichye a pa nan menm dosye ak kòd la; li andedan `data`.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki konekte dosye a ak fichye a ak yon ba oblique."},"options":{"a":"input.txt/data","b":"data/input.txt","c":"/data/input.txt","d":"done-antre.txt"}},"sc-same-folder-path":{"title":"Chemen pou yon fichye ki toupre","prompt":"Kòd ou a ak yon fichye ki rele `notes.txt` yo nan menm dosye a. Ki chemen ou ta dwe itilize pou louvri fichye sa a?","hint":"Si fichye a nan menm dosye a, ou pa bezwen nonmen yon lòt dosye.","help":{"concept":"Yon fichye ki nan menm dosye a ka louvri sèlman ak non fichye li kòm yon chemen relatif.","hint_1":"Pa bezwen okenn non dosye anplis isit la.","hint_2":"Chwazi chemen ki pi kout ki valab ki nonmen sèlman fichye a li menm."},"options":{"a":"data/notes.txt","b":"nòt.txt","c":"./data/notes.txt","d":"folder/notes.txt"}},"mc-relative-path-benefits":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize chemen relatif isit la?","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou itilizasyon chemen relatif nan leson sa a.","hint":"Panse sou chemen ki mache andedan espas travay ak dosye ki bay yo.","help":{"concept":"Chemen relatif yo itil paske yo dekri kote fichye yo nan estrikti pwojè a olye pou yo depann sou yon konfigirasyon machin espesifik.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon sou dosye pwojè ak pòtabte andedan espas travay leson an.","hint_2":"Select the choices that describe starting from the current workspace and avoiding machine-specific locations."},"options":{"a":"Yo ka montre dosye ki nan katab tankou `data/input.txt`.","b":"Yo depann de kote konplè yon òdinatè espesifik.","c":"Yo ede òganize fichye yo pa dosye.","d":"Yo toujou mande yon kote konplè ki espesifik pou machin nan."}},"mc-open-path-examples":{"title":"Egzanp chemen relatif valab","prompt":"Chwazi tout egzanp chemen relatif ki valab pou stil espas travay leson sa a.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"options":{"a":"nòt.txt","b":"data/input.txt","c":"dosye -> input.txt","d":"non panèl sòti a"}},"dr-read-file-steps":{"title":"Kòdone etap pou li fichye a","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou li yon fichye ki gen yon chemen relatif epi montre kontni li.","hint":"Ouvri an premye, apre sa li, epi montre.","help":{"concept":"Li yon fichye swiv yon sekans: louvri fichye a, jwenn kontni li, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint_1":"Ou pa ka li dosye a anvan ou louvri li.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin li tèks la nan yon varyab, dènye etap la se montre li nan panèl sòti a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri `data/input.txt` an mòd lekti","t2":"Sere kontni an nan yon varyab","t3":"Enprime varyab la"}},"dr-build-nested-path":{"title":"Bati chemen an nan lòd","prompt":"Aranje jeton yo pou kreye chemen relatif la pou \"`report.txt`\" andedan dosye \"`data`\".","hint":"Non dosye a vini anvan slash la ak non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Yon chemen relatif anbrete konstwi kòm dosye, barr, epi non fichye.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak dosye ki gen fichye a.","hint_2":"Slash la separe non dosye a ak non fichye a."},"tokens":{"t1":"done","t2":"/","t3":"rapò.txt"}},"fb-folder-part":{"title":"Konplete chemen dosye a","prompt":"Ranpli non dosye ki manke a.","hint":"Fichye a nan dosye \"`the missing term`\".","help":{"concept":"Yon chemen relatif pou yon fichye ki anndan yon dosye enkli non dosye a anvan barr la.","hint_1":"Pati ki manke a se dosye ki genyen `input.txt`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak non dosye ki parèt nan tout egzanp leson yo."},"template":"[blank1]/input.txt","choices":["done","Antre","dosye","li"]},"fb-same-folder-file":{"title":"Konplete chemen menm dosye a","prompt":"Ranpli non fichye ki manke a pou yon fichye ki nan menm dosye a.","hint":"Pa bezwen non dosye isit la.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fichye nan menm dosye a, chemen relatif la se jis non fichye a.","hint_1":"Blank la dwe non fichye egzak la, pa yon dosye.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki se yon non fichye senp ki fini ak `.txt`."},"template":"[vid1]","choices":["data/notes.txt","nòt.txt","/nòt.txt","folder/notes.txt"]},"ci-read-nested-file":{"title":"Li nan yon chemen relatif anbreye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/input.txt`, li tèks ki nan chemen relatif sa a, epi enprime l.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Hello paths!`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Li nan yon chemen relatif anbreye\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/input.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # read the text and print it\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/input.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read()\n\nprint(text)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/input.txt pou li fichye anbreye a."}}},"ci-copy-between-paths":{"title":"Kopi tèks la nan yon lòt chemen relatif","prompt":"Kopye tèks ki nan`data/source.txt`\npou mete l nan`data/copy.txt`\n, epi enprime tèks ou kopye a pou nou ka konfime de fichye yo koresponn.\n\nRezilta w la dwe egzakteman:\n`apple`\n\n`banana`\n.","hint":"Li tach la \"Kopi tèks nan yon lòt chemen relatif\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman yo mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"# Read from data/source.txt\n# Write the same text to data/copy.txt\n# Print the copied text","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/source.txt\", \"r\") as source:\n text = source.read()\n\nwith open(\"data/copy.txt\", \"w\") as target:\n target.write(text)\n\nprint(text)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li soti nan data/source.txt."},"1":{"message":"Ekri nan data/copy.txt."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou kreye kopi a."}}},"ci-count-lines-in-folder":{"title":"Konte liy nan yon chemen fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/items.txt`, konte konbyen liy li genyen, epi enprime rezilta a.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`3`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Count lines from a file path\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/items.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # count the lines and print the result\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/items.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n lines = file.readlines()\n\nprint(len(lines))","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/items.txt pou konte liy li yo."}}},"try-working-with-paths-checkpoint":{"title":"Itilize yon chemen relatif","prompt":"Sèvi ak `Path` pou li `data/names.txt`, epi enprime tèks la san karaktè siplemantè.","hint":"Sèvi ak `Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"`.","help":{"concept":"Konstrui chemen relatif la an premye, epi sèvi avè l pou li fichye a.","hint_1":"Kreye chemen an ak `Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"`.","hint_2":"Li chemen sa a epi enprime tèks fichye a san karaktè siplemantè."},"starterCode":"from pathlib import Path\n\n# Build a path to data/names.txt and print its contents.\n","starterFiles":{"data_names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\npath = Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"\nprint(path.read_text(), end=\"\")\n"},"data_names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak Path(...) pou konstwi chemen an."},"1":{"message":"Bati chemen an ak Path('data') / 'names.txt'."}},"solutionCode":"from pathlib import Path\n\npath = Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"\nprint(path.read_text(), end=\"\")\n"},"try-working-with-paths-sketch0":{"title":"Bati yon chemen relatif","prompt":"Bati chemen relatif `data/scores.txt` apati varyab `folder` ak `filename`, epi enprime chemen an.","hint":"Konbine non dosye a, yon ba, ak non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike ekri yon chemen relatif kòm tèks.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak varyab `folder` an premye, apre sa `/`, epi `filename`.","hint_2":"Enprime chèn chemen fini a `data/scores.txt`."},"starterCode":"folder = 'data'\nfilename = 'scores.txt'\n\n# Build data/scores.txt and print it.\n","solutionCode":"folder = 'data'\nfilename = 'scores.txt'\npath = folder + '/' + filename\nprint(path)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Bati chemen an apati katab ak non fichye a olye pou w tape chemen final la."},"1":{"message":"Print the `path` variable itself."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"folder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\n\n# Build the relative path from folder and filename, then print it.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"folder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = folder + \"/\" + filename\nprint(path)\n"}}},"try-working-with-paths-sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak pathlib pou yon chemen","prompt":"Itilize `Path(\"data\") / \"scores.txt\"`, estoke li nan yon varyab, epi enprime chemen an.","hint":"Enpòte `Path`, konekte de moso yo ak `/`, epi enprime rezilta a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike konstriksyon yon objè chemen olye de yon chèn senp.","hint_1":"Kreye yon varyab tankou `path = Path(\"data\") / \"scores.txt\"`.","hint_2":"Enprime varyab chemen an apre ou fin konstwi li."},"starterCode":"from pathlib import Path\n\n# Create Path('data') / 'scores.txt' and print it.\n","solutionCode":"from pathlib import Path\npath = Path('data') / 'scores.txt'\nprint(path)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak Path(...) pou konstwi chemen an."},"1":{"message":"Bati chemen an ak Path('data') / 'scores.txt'."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\nfolder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\n\n# Build a Path from folder and filename, then print it.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\nfolder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = Path(folder) / filename\nprint(path)\n"}}},"try-working-with-paths-sketch2":{"title":"Li nan yon chemen dosye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/message.txt`, li tèks ki nan chemen relatif sa a, epi enprime li.","hint":"Sèvi ak chemen relatif konplè `data/message.txt` andedan `open(...)`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike itilize yon chemen dosye lè fichye a pa bò kote`main.py`.","hint_1":"Ouvri `data/message.txt` anndan yon blòk `with open(...)`.","hint_2":"Li tèks fichye a epi enprime sèlman tèks sa a."},"starterCode":"# Open data/message.txt and print its text.\n","starterFiles":{"data_message_txt":{"content":"Nested hello\n"},"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\nfilename = input().strip()\n\n# Build a Path inside the data folder.\n# Open that path in read mode and print the stripped text.\n"},"data_welcome_txt":{"content":"Welcome to Python paths!\n"},"data_reminder_txt":{"content":"Remember to save your work.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open('data/message.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"data_message_txt":{"content":"Nested hello\n"},"data_welcome_txt":{"content":"Welcome to Python paths!\n"},"data_reminder_txt":{"content":"Remember to save your work.\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/message.txt olye pou w tape Nested hello."}},"solutionCode":"with open('data/message.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"sc-same-vs-nested":{"title":"Same folder or nested folder","prompt":"Your program is in the workspace root. Which relative path points to `notes.txt` inside the `data` folder?","hint":"Put the containing folder before the file name.","help":{"concept":"A nested relative path names the folder first and then the file, separated by `/`.","hint_1":"`notes.txt` by itself would mean the file is beside `main.py`.","hint_2":"Choose the path that enters `data` before naming `notes.txt`."},"options":{"a":"data/notes.txt","b":"notes.txt/data","c":"/notes.txt","d":"data-notes.txt"}},"sc-path-from-pieces":{"title":"Build a path string from variables","prompt":"If `folder = \"records\"` and `filename = \"scores.txt\"`, which expression builds the relative path `records/scores.txt` from those variables?","hint":"Join folder, slash, and file name in that order.","help":{"concept":"A relative path string can be assembled from existing string variables instead of hard-coding the finished path.","hint_1":"The folder belongs before the slash.","hint_2":"Use both variables so the expression still works if either value changes."},"options":{"a":"folder + \"/\" + filename","b":"filename + \"/\" + folder","c":"\"records/scores.txt\"","d":"folder + filename"}},"sc-pathlib-join":{"title":"Join path parts with Path","prompt":"After `from pathlib import Path`, which expression builds a path from `folder` and `filename`?","hint":"`Path(...)` can be combined with another path part using `/`.","help":{"concept":"`Path(folder) / filename` joins path components without manually inserting a slash string.","hint_1":"Wrap the first path component in `Path(...)`.","hint_2":"Use `/` between the `Path` object and the file-name variable."},"options":{"a":"Path(folder) / filename","b":"Path(folder + filename)","c":"folder.read(filename)","d":"Path / folder / filename()"}},"sc-open-path-object":{"title":"Use a Path object with open","prompt":"If `path` is a `Path` object pointing to a text file, which line opens that path for reading?","hint":"`open(...)` can receive the path object directly.","help":{"concept":"A `Path` object can be passed directly to `open`, just like a relative path string.","hint_1":"Do not convert it to a machine-specific absolute path.","hint_2":"Use the existing `path` variable as the first argument to `open`."},"options":{"a":"with open(path, \"r\") as file:","b":"with path(\"r\") as file:","c":"with open(\"path\", \"r\") as file:","d":"with file.open(\"r\") as path:"}}},"tryIt":{"try_working_with_paths_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak `Path` pou li `data/names.txt`, epi enprime tèks la san karaktè siplemantè."},"try_working_with_paths_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati chemen relatif `data/scores.txt` apati varyab `folder` ak `filename`, epi enprime chemen an."},"try_working_with_paths_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize `Path(\"data\") / \"scores.txt\"`, sere li nan yon varyab, epi enprime chemen an."},"try_working_with_paths_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `data/message.txt`, li tèks ki nan chemen relatif sa a, epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_read_nested_file":{"title":"Li nan yon chemen relatif anbreye"},"ci_copy_between_paths":{"title":"Kopi tèks la nan yon lòt chemen relatif"},"ci_count_lines_in_folder":{"title":"Konte liy nan yon chemen fichye"}}},"writing-text-files":{"label":"Ekri Fichye Tèks","summary":"Kreye oswa ranplase fichye tèks lè w louvri chemen yo an mòd ekriti oswa an mòd ajoute epi ekri tèks ke ou ka verifye ak rezilta enprime.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Mòd ekri kreye oswa ranplase tèks"},"sketch1":{"title":"Mòd apend ajoute nan fen an"},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak karaktè nouvo liy epi verifye sa ou te ekri a."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike ekri ak mete fichye tèks an apèndis."}},"quiz":{"sc-write-vs-append":{"title":"Chwazi mòd ki ranplase tèks ansyen an.","prompt":"Ki mòd fichye ou ta dwe itilize lè ou vle ranplase nenpòt tèks ki egziste deja nan yon fichye ak nouvo tèks?","hint":"Sèvi ak fason kesyon an poze a ak egzanp leson an pou limite chwa yo.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a tcheke yon lide espesifik nan leson an, pa yon estrateji jeneral pou pran tès.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Retire opsyon ki pa matche ak konsèp la oswa prèv ki site nan kesyon an."},"options":{"a":"yon","b":"d","c":"r","d":"\"x\""}},"sc-verify-written-text":{"title":"Pi bon fason pou konfime tèks ki anrejistre a","prompt":"Apre ou fin ekri tèks nan yon fichye nan leson sa a, ki pi bon fason pou fè rezilta a parèt nan panèl sòti a?","hint":"Panse pou louvri chemen an ankò epi montre kontni ki te sove yo.","help":{"concept":"Egzèsis ekriti fichye yo ta dwe pwodwi rezilta ki ka obsève, kidonk yon modèl komen se relouvri fichye a epi enprime sa ki te ekri a.","hint_1":"Ekri modifye fichye a, men panèl sòti a sèlman montre tèks ou enprime.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki li tèks ki anrejistre a ankò epi afiche li."},"options":{"a":"Chanje tèm editè a","b":"Reouvri fichye a epi enprime sa ki ladan l.","c":"Ouvri panèl nòt yo","d":"Chanje non varyab la"}},"mc-append-true-statements":{"title":"Enfòmasyon sou mòd apendisyon","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou ouvèti yon fichye an mòd apend (`\"a\"`).","hint":"Mòd apendi kenbe tèks ansyen an epi ajoute nouvo tèks la apre li.","help":{"concept":"Mòd apendi a ekri nan fen kontni ki egziste deja olye pou li efase fichye a an premye.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon ki dekri kenbe tèks ki egziste deja.","hint_2":"Rejte nenpòt opsyon ki di ke mòd apend efase fichye a anvan li ekri."},"options":{"a":"Li kenbe kontni ki egziste deja.","b":"Li ajoute nouvo tèks nan fen fichye a.","c":"Li toujou retire tout sa ki deja nan fichye a.","d":"Li ka itilize pou ajoute yon lòt liy nan yon jounal."}},"mc-good-writing-patterns":{"title":"Modèl itil lè w ap ekri fichye tèks","prompt":"Chwazi tout pratik ki adapte ak pwosesis ekriti fichye pou sijè sa a.","hint":"Panse pou ekri tèks, epi fè rezilta a vizib.","help":{"concept":"Pwogram ekriti fichye pou debutan souvan itilize yon dosye pwoteksyon (`with open(...)`) pou aksè an sekirite, karaktè nouvo liy (newline) pou kase liy, ak yon verifikasyon enprime apre ekriti.","hint_1":"Chèche modèl ki enplike `with open`, `\\n`, ak enprime tèks ki sove.","hint_2":"Evite chwa ki pa gen rapò ak ekriti oswa tcheke kontni fichye a."},"options":{"a":"Itilize `with open(...)` pou fichye a jere byen.","b":"Itilize `\\n` lè ou vle pwochen tèks la sou yon nouvo liy.","c":"Enprime kontni ki sove a apre ekriti pou rezilta a vizib.","d":"Chanje panèl nòt yo anvan ou ekri."}},"dr-write-file-steps":{"title":"Kòdone etap pou ekri ak verifye yo","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou yon pwogram senp ki ekri tèks epi verifye li.","hint":"Ekri an premye, apre sa relouvri epi montre tèks ki te anrejistre a.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis travay komen se louvri dokiman an an mòd ekriti, ekri tèks la, relouvri l an mòd lekti, epi enprime sa ki ladan l.","hint_1":"Fichye a dwe louvri pou ekriti anvan ekzekisyon kowòdone a ka fèt.","hint_2":"Enpresyon vini apre lekti kontni ki sove yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri chemen an nan mòd \"w\".","t2":"Ekri tèks la","t3":"Ouvri menm chemen an pou lekti","t4":"Enprime sa ki nan fichye a"}},"dr-append-log-sequence":{"title":"Kòmande workflow apendiks la","prompt":"Aranje aksyon sa yo pou montre kijan yon pwogram ka kreye yon antre jounal kòmansman, ajoute yon lòt antre, epi afiche tout jounal la.","hint":"Premye ekriti a kreye tèks kòmansman an anvan ajoute a ajoute plis.","help":{"concept":"Pou demontre mòd apend la klèman, premye kreye kontni inisyal la, apre sa ajoute nouvo tèks la, epi li tout fichye a ankò.","hint_1":"Ou bezwen kèk tèks kòmansman anvan etap ajoute a gen sans.","hint_2":"Li ak enprime tout jounal la ta dwe fèt apre tou de ekriti yo fini."},"tokens":{"t1":"Louvri jounal la ak mòd \"w\" epi ekri premye liy lan.","t2":"Ouvri jounal la ak mòd \"a\" epi ajoute yon lòt liy","t3":"Louvri jounal la pou lekti","t4":"Enprime tout tèks jounal la"}},"fb-write-mode-code":{"title":"Ranpli mòd ekriti a","prompt":"Konplete mòd la pou kòd sa a louvri fichye a pou ranplase tèks la.","hint":"Konsantre sou konsèp ki manke a olye de tèm egzak ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Blank la dwe ranpli ak tèm ki koresponn ak travay k ap dekri a.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Chwazi tèm ki pi byen konplete sans deklarasyon an."},"template":"with open(\"report.txt\", [blank1]) as file:","choices":["r","yon","d","\"x\""]},"fb-newline-choice":{"title":"Ranpli liy kase a","prompt":"Chwazi tèks ki kòmanse yon nouvo liy apre `First line`.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa kòmand la dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"ekri.fichye(\"Premye liy[espas1]Dezyèm liy\")","choices":["\\t","\\n","\\r"]},"ci-write-greeting-file":{"title":"Ekri yon fichye salitasyon pèsonalize","prompt":"Ekri yon salitasyon nan `greeting.txt` lè w itilize non antre a an majiskil pou premye lèt chak mo, apre sa, louvri `greeting.txt` epi enprime sa ki ladan l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `zoe`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Hello, Zoe!`.","hint":"Sèvi ak `input()` pou non an, epi ekri salitasyon fòmate a nan fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"name = input()\n\n# Write Hello, NAME! to greeting.txt.\n# Then open greeting.txt and print its contents.\n","solutionCode":"name = input().strip().title()\n\nwith open(\"greeting.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n\nwith open(\"greeting.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan greeting.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri greeting.txt."}}},"ci-overwrite-shopping-list":{"title":"Ekri sou yon lis makèt ki soti nan antre","prompt":"Fòk yon lis makèt ekri ankò apati de nouvo done. Ekri toude atik yo nan`shopping.txt`\n, youn pa liy epi an majiskil pou premye lèt chak mo, epi enprime kontni fichye a.\n\nPa egzanp, si done ki antre yo se`bread`\nak`apples`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Bread`\n\n`Apples`\n.","hint":"Lè w ouvri yon fichye ak `\"w\"`, li ranplase ansyen kontni an.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"first_item = input()\nsecond_item = input()\n\n# Write both items to shopping.txt, one per line.\n# Then print the file contents.\n","solutionCode":"first_item = input().strip().title()\nsecond_item = input().strip().title()\n\nwith open(\"shopping.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(first_item + \"\\n\")\n file.write(second_item + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"shopping.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan shopping.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri shopping.txt."}}},"ci-append-log-entry":{"title":"Ajoute yon antre nan jounal la","prompt":"Jounal la deja kòmanse ak yon sèl liy. Ajoute nouvo antre antre a nan`log.txt`\nsou yon nouvo liy, epi enprime tout fichye a.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se`Checked sensors`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Start shift`\n\n`Checked sensors`\n.","hint":"Lè w ouvri yon fichye ak `\"a\"`, li kenbe ansyen kontni an epi li ajoute nouvo tèks nan fen an.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"entry = input()\n\n# Append the entry to log.txt on a new line, then print the full file.\n","solutionCode":"entry = input().strip()\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\", \"a\") as file:\n file.write(\"\\n\" + entry)\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ajoute nan log.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Ouvri log.txt nan mòd apand."}}},"try-writing-text-files-checkpoint":{"title":"Ekri epi li yon fichye tèks","prompt":"Ekri `Hello from a file!` nan `note.txt`, apre sa li fichye a epi enprime tèks ki sove a.","hint":"Ouvri fichye a an mòd ekriti an premye, epi relouvri l pou lekti.","help":{"concept":"Ekri fichye a an premye, epi relouvri li pou w ka montre egzakteman sa ki te anrejistre.","hint_1":"Ouvri `note.txt` an mòd ekriti epi sove `Hello from a file!`.","hint_2":"Rouvri `note.txt` nan mòd lekti epi enprime tèks ou sot ekri a."},"starterCode":"# Write Hello from a file! to note.txt.\n# Then read note.txt and print it.\n","solutionCode":"with open(\"note.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Hello from a file!\")\n\nwith open(\"note.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan note.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri fichye a."}}},"try-writing-text-files-sketch0":{"title":"Ekri epi li yon mesaj","prompt":"Ekri `Done` nan `note.txt`, apre sa relouvri `note.txt` epi enprime tèks ki sove a.","hint":"Sèvi ak mòd ekriti an premye, apre sa li menm fichye a ankò.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike tout pwosesis ekri-epi-tcheke a ak yon sèl fichye.","hint_1":"Ouvri `note.txt` ak mòd `\"w\"` epi ekri `Done`.","hint_2":"Ouvri `note.txt` ankò epi enprime `file.read()`."},"starterCode":"# Write Done to note.txt.\n# Then open note.txt and print its contents.\n","solutionCode":"with open('note.txt', 'w') as file:\n file.write('Done')\n\nwith open('note.txt') as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan note.txt olye de sèlman enprime Done."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri note.txt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"status = input()\n\n# Clean status, replace status.txt with the new line,\n# then reopen the file and print what was saved.\n"},"status_txt":{"content":"Old status\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"status = input().strip().title()\n\nwith open(\"status.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(status + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"status.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"status_txt":{"content":"Old status\n"}}},"try-writing-text-files-sketch1":{"title":"Ajoute yon dezyèm liy","prompt":"Kreye yon fisye `log.txt` ak `Start`, relouvri li nan mòd apend, ajoute `End` sou yon nouvo liy, epi enprime tout fichye a.","hint":"Sèvi ak mòd ekriti pou premye liy lan epi sèvi ak mòd apond pou dezyèm liy lan.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a konpare mòd ekri ak mòd ajoute nan yon pwogram kout.","hint_1":"Premyeman, louvri `log.txt` ak `\"w\"` epi ekri `Start\n`.","hint_2":"Apre sa, ouvri `log.txt` ak `\"a\"`, ekri `End`, epi enprime tout fichye a."},"starterCode":"# Create log.txt with Start, then append End on a new line.\n# Print the final file contents.\n","solutionCode":"with open('log.txt', 'w') as file:\n file.write('Start\\n')\nwith open('log.txt', 'a') as file:\n file.write('End')\nwith open('log.txt') as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye epi ajoute nan log.txt."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri fichye jounal la."},"2":{"message":"Read the saved file back with `read()` before displaying the complete log."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"entry = input()\n\n# Clean entry, append it to log.txt on a new line,\n# then reopen the file and print the complete log.\n"},"log_txt":{"content":"Start shift\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"entry = input().strip()\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\", \"a\") as file:\n file.write(entry + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"log_txt":{"content":"Start shift\n"}}},"try-writing-text-files-sketch2":{"title":"Ekri yon rapò senp","prompt":"Ekri `Ava: 92` nan `report.txt`, apre sa relouvri fichye a epi enprime li.","hint":"Sèvi ak varyab `name` ak `score` pou konstwi tèks la anvan ou ekri li.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike fòmate yon liy tèks anvan li anrejistre l nan yon fichye.","hint_1":"Bati tèks la ak `f\"{name}: {score}\"` epi ekri li nan `report.txt`.","hint_2":"Rouvri `report.txt` epi enprime liy ki sove a."},"starterCode":"name = 'Ava'\nscore = 92\n\n# Write 'Ava: 92' to report.txt, then print the file.\n","solutionCode":"name = 'Ava'\nscore = 92\nwith open('report.txt', 'w') as file:\n file.write(f'{name}: {score}')\nwith open('report.txt') as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan report.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri report.txt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name = input()\nscore = input()\n\n# Clean the inputs, create report.txt with two labeled lines,\n# then reopen the file and print exactly what was saved.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name = input().strip().title()\nscore = input().strip()\n\nwith open(\"report.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Name: \" + name + \"\\n\")\n file.write(\"Score: \" + score + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"report.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"}}},"sc-write-mode-effect":{"title":"What write mode does","prompt":"A file already contains `Old text`. What happens when you open that same path with mode `\"w\"` and write `New text`?","hint":"Write mode does not keep the old contents.","help":{"concept":"Opening a text file with mode `\"w\"` creates the file if needed or replaces its existing contents before new text is written.","hint_1":"The old text is not appended after the new text.","hint_2":"Choose the result containing only the newly written text."},"options":{"a":"The file contains only `New text`","b":"The file contains `Old textNew text`","c":"The file stays unchanged","d":"Python automatically switches to read mode"}},"sc-append-mode-effect":{"title":"What append mode does","prompt":"Which statement correctly describes opening an existing text file with mode `\"a\"`?","hint":"Append mode preserves what is already there.","help":{"concept":"Append mode keeps the existing contents and writes new text at the end of the file.","hint_1":"It does not clear the file first.","hint_2":"Choose the option that preserves old text and adds new text after it."},"options":{"a":"It keeps the existing text and writes new text at the end","b":"It always erases the file before writing","c":"It can only read the existing text","d":"It automatically sorts every line"}},"sc-newline-writing":{"title":"Write the next value on a new line","prompt":"Which string contains two lines when written to a text file?","hint":"The newline escape sequence is `\\n`.","help":{"concept":"`\\n` represents a line break inside a Python string.","hint_1":"The line break belongs between the two pieces of text.","hint_2":"Choose the string containing `\\n` between `First` and `Second`."},"options":{"a":"\"First\\nSecond\"","b":"\"First Second\"","c":"\"First\\tSecond\"","d":"\"First/Second\""}},"sc-verify-saved-file":{"title":"Verify what was saved","prompt":"After a program finishes writing a file, which pattern lets you show the actual saved contents in the output panel?","hint":"Reopen the same path for reading and print what `.read()` returns.","help":{"concept":"Writing changes the file, while reopening it in read mode and printing `.read()` makes the saved contents visible.","hint_1":"Use the same path that was written.","hint_2":"Choose the option that reads the file back instead of printing a separate hard-coded message."},"options":{"a":"Reopen the file in read mode and print `file.read()`","b":"Print the file name as a string","c":"Open a different file and ignore the saved one","d":"Change the variable name used for the writer"}}},"tryIt":{"try_writing_text_files_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri `Hello from a file!` nan `note.txt`, apre sa li fichye a epi enprime tèks ki sove a."},"try_writing_text_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri `Done` nan `note.txt`, apre sa relouvri `note.txt` epi enprime tèks ki te sove a."},"try_writing_text_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye yon fichye `log.txt` ak `Start`, relouvri li nan mòd apend, ajoute `End` sou yon nouvo liy, epi enprime tout fichye a."},"try_writing_text_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri `Ava: 92` nan `report.txt`, apre sa relouvri fichye a epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_write_greeting_file":{"title":"Ekri epi montre yon salitasyon."},"ci_overwrite_shopping_list":{"title":"Ekri sou yon lis ki gen de liy"},"ci_append_log_entry":{"title":"Ajoute yon nouvo antre nan jounal la"}}}},"python-8-real-world-project":{"community-event-registration-cleaner":{"label":"Final Capstone: Community Event Registration Cleaner","summary":"Build one cumulative registration-cleaning tool that reads CSV rows, validates messy data, moves reusable logic into sibling helper modules, summarizes accepted registrations, writes two report files, and verifies the saved artifacts.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"A new domain, the same engineering habits"},"project":{"title":"Community Event Registration Cleaner"}},"projectSteps":{"cp_1":{"title":"Clean and validate one registration"},"cp_2":{"title":"Collect only valid registrations"},"cp_3":{"title":"Move cleaning into a helper module"},"cp_4":{"title":"Add summary helper functions"},"cp_5":{"title":"Write the final report files"},"cp_6":{"title":"Verify the saved artifacts"}},"quiz":{"try-community-event-registration-cleaner-sketch0":{"title":"Inspect the registration export","prompt":"Open `data/registrations.csv` in read mode with `csv.DictReader`. Loop through every data row and print `name|event|seats|email` using the named columns exactly as they appear in the file. Do not clean or reject anything yet.","hint":"Inspect the real CSV shape before you design the cleaner.","help":{"concept":"The preview establishes that the capstone uses a header-based CSV file and named columns, not hand-written row splitting.","hint_1":"Create `reader = csv.DictReader(file)` inside the open-file block.","hint_2":"Loop through `reader` and use all four named columns from each row."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open data/registrations.csv in read mode.\n# Use csv.DictReader and print every row as name|event|seats|email.\n","starterFiles":{"data_registration_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\n# Open data/registrations.csv in read mode.\n# Use csv.DictReader and print every row as name|event|seats|email.\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n"},"data_registration_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"1":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."},"2":{"message":"Normalize the attendee name."},"3":{"message":"Normalize the email address."}}},"cp-1-read-registration-file":{"title":"Clean and validate one registration","prompt":"Start from the CSV preview. Add `clean_row(row)`. Clean `name` with whitespace trimming followed by title-case normalization, strip `event`, strip and lowercase `email`, and strip the seat text before conversion. Return `None` when the cleaned name, event, or email is empty, when seats cannot convert with `int()`, or when seats is less than 1. Otherwise return a dictionary with keys `name`, `event`, `seats`, and `email`. Print `clean_row(row)` for every CSV row so you can see which rows are accepted. Inside `clean_row(row)`, clean the required fields with the specified string methods: trim whitespace from each text field, title-case the cleaned name, lowercase the cleaned email, and convert the cleaned seat text to an integer. Catch `ValueError` when the seat conversion fails.","hint":"Apply the cleaning and validation rules inside one reusable function.","help":{"concept":"`clean_row(row)` should return one dependable shape for valid data and `None` for every rejected registration.","hint_1":"Check missing cleaned text before converting the seat count.","hint_2":"Catch exactly `ValueError`, then reject seat counts below 1."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n","starterFiles":{"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `name`."},"2":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `event`."},"3":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `seats`."},"4":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `email`."},"5":{"message":"Use `strip()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"6":{"message":"Use `title()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"7":{"message":"Call `int(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"cp-2-clean-one-registration":{"title":"Collect only valid registrations","prompt":"Keep the working `clean_row(row)` function. Replace the row-by-row preview with a list named `records`. For each CSV row, call `clean_row(row)` once, store the result in `record`, and append it only when it is not `None`. Print the final `records` list.","hint":"Let `clean_row` decide validity; this step should only collect accepted results.","help":{"concept":"Separating cleaning from collection keeps the workflow readable and prevents duplicated validation logic.","hint_1":"Create `records = []` before opening the file.","hint_2":"Use `if record is not None:` before `records.append(record)`."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n","starterFiles":{"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `clean_row(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"cp-3-skip-bad-registration-rows":{"title":"Move cleaning into a helper module","prompt":"Keep the same accepted `records` behavior, but move the complete `clean_row(row)` function out of `main.py` into a new sibling file named `cleaning.py`. Import it with a from-import that brings `clean_row` in from the `cleaning` module. Do not create a package or `__init__.py`; Module 6 used direct sibling helper modules.","hint":"Move one responsibility without changing the program's behavior.","help":{"concept":"A sibling helper module lets `main.py` orchestrate the workflow while `cleaning.py` owns row cleaning and validation.","hint_1":"Create `cleaning.py` beside `main.py` and place the complete working function there.","hint_2":"Remove the local function definition from `main.py` and import `clean_row` directly."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import for `clean_row` from `cleaning`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Preserve the deterministic output contract."}}},"cp-4-move-cleaning-to-module":{"title":"Add summary helper functions","prompt":"Create a new sibling file named `summary.py` with `total_seats(records)` and `event_counts(records)`. `total_seats` should use a normal loop to add each record's seats. `event_counts` should build a dictionary by incrementing each event name. Import both helpers in `main.py`, then print `Total seats: <total>` followed by each `event: count` in the dictionary's first-seen event order. In `summary.py`, compute the summary values with a `for` loop over `records`. In `main.py`, print each event/count pair with a `for` loop over the dictionary produced by the event-count helper.","hint":"Use normal loops and dictionaries so the summary stays within concepts already taught.","help":{"concept":"Summary helpers should accept `records` and return values without reading or writing files themselves.","hint_1":"Build the seat total with an accumulator loop.","hint_2":"For counts, use `if event in counts:` to increment an existing key or create it with 1."},"starterCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n # Move the working cleaning logic here.\n pass\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import involving `summary`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"3":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."},"4":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."}}},"cp-5-add-summary-functions":{"title":"Write the final report files","prompt":"Create a sibling file named `reports.py` with `write_clean_registrations(records)` and `write_summary(total, counts)`. Write `output/clean_registrations.csv` in `\"w\"` mode with the header `name,event,seats,email` and one accepted record per line. Write `output/summary.txt` in `\"w\"` mode with `Total seats: <total>` followed by each `event: count`. Import and call both helpers from `main.py`, then print the concise console summary. The old output files already exist and must be replaced.","hint":"The output files already exist, so ordinary write mode is enough; no directory-creation API is needed.","help":{"concept":"Keep file writing in `reports.py` while `main.py` coordinates cleaning, summarizing, and reporting.","hint_1":"Use fixed output paths inside the report functions rather than default parameters.","hint_2":"Write event counts by looping directly through the counts dictionary; do not sort them."},"starterCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","starterFiles":{"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n pass\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n pass\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n return sum(record[\"seats\"] for record in records)\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n counts[event] = counts.get(event, 0) + 1\n return counts\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"reports_py":{"content":"def write_clean_registrations(records):\n with open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(\n record[\"name\"] + \",\" +\n record[\"event\"] + \",\" +\n str(record[\"seats\"]) + \",\" +\n record[\"email\"] + \"\\n\"\n )\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts):\n with open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Total seats: \" + str(total) + \"\\n\")\n for event in counts:\n file.write(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]) + \"\\n\")\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import involving `reports`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"3":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"4":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."}}},"cp-6-write-final-reports":{"title":"Verify the saved artifacts","prompt":"Keep the complete cleaner, helper modules, summaries, and report writers. After writing both output files, print `Cleaned <count> registrations`, then reopen `output/clean_registrations.csv` and `output/summary.txt` in read mode and print their exact saved contents. The grader checks the files themselves as well as the console output.","hint":"Verify the durable artifacts rather than trusting only the in-memory values.","help":{"concept":"The final capstone should prove that the CSV and summary files were actually overwritten with the cleaned data.","hint_1":"Reopen each output path after the report functions finish.","hint_2":"Use `print(file.read(), end=\"\")` so the saved contents appear exactly as written."},"starterCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","starterFiles":{"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n return sum(record[\"seats\"] for record in records)\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n counts[event] = counts.get(event, 0) + 1\n return counts\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\n\ndef write_clean_registrations(records, path=\"output/clean_registrations.csv\"):\n pass\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts, path=\"output/summary.txt\"):\n pass\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"reports_py":{"content":"def write_clean_registrations(records):\n with open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(\n record[\"name\"] + \",\" +\n record[\"event\"] + \",\" +\n str(record[\"seats\"]) + \",\" +\n record[\"email\"] + \"\\n\"\n )\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts):\n with open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Total seats: \" + str(total) + \"\\n\")\n for event in counts:\n file.write(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]) + \"\\n\")\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n\nwith open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n return sum(record[\"seats\"] for record in records)\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n counts[event] = counts.get(event, 0) + 1\n return counts\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\n\ndef write_clean_registrations(records, path=\"output/clean_registrations.csv\"):\n output_path = Path(path)\n output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n with output_path.open(\"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['event']},{record['seats']},{record['email']}\\n\")\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts, path=\"output/summary.txt\"):\n output_path = Path(path)\n output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n with output_path.open(\"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"Total seats: {total}\\n\")\n for event, count in sorted(counts.items()):\n file.write(f\"{event}: {count}\\n\")\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"reports_py":{"content":"def write_clean_registrations(records):\n with open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(\n record[\"name\"] + \",\" +\n record[\"event\"] + \",\" +\n str(record[\"seats\"]) + \",\" +\n record[\"email\"] + \"\\n\"\n )\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts):\n with open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Total seats: \" + str(total) + \"\\n\")\n for event in counts:\n file.write(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]) + \"\\n\")\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n\nwith open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"1":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"2":{"message":"Preserve the deterministic output contract."},"3":{"message":"Create the requested output artifact."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_community_event_registration_cleaner_sketch0":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Inspect the complete registration export with `csv.DictReader` before the capstone starts."},"allowReveal":true}},"class-roster-cleaner":{"label":"Pwojè final kou a: Netwayè lis klas la","summary":"Bati pwosesis netwayaj lis la kòm yon koule kontinyèl: enspekte ekspòtasyon an, netwaye ranje yo, modilize lojik la, rezime klas la, epi voye rapò final yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Kliyan final ou a: biwo lekòl la"},"project":{"title":"Netwayè Lis Klas"}},"projectSteps":{"cp_1":{"title":"Li fichye lis la"},"cp_2":{"title":"Netwaye yon ranje nan lis la"},"cp_3":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo an sekirite"},"cp_4":{"title":"Mete netwayaj nan yon modil èd."},"cp_5":{"title":"Ajoute fonksyon rezime"},"cp_6":{"title":"Ekri rapò final yo"}},"quiz":{"cp-1-read-roster-file":{"title":"Li fichye lis la","prompt":"Biwo lekòl la voye ou yon fichye ki rele \"`data/roster.csv`\" epi li di, \"Anvan nou fè konfyans fichye sa a, èske ou ka montre nou egzakteman sa li genyen ladan l?\" Li fichye a epi enprime chak liy brit san okenn liy vid anplis, enkli liy antèt la.","hint":"Kòmanse pa enspekte ekspòtasyon brit la egzakteman jan li te rive.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwojè netwayaj done ki fèt ak anpil atansyon kòmanse ak vizibilite: li fichye sous la anvan ou transfòme li.","hint_1":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv` ak yon blòk `with open(...)`.","hint_2":"Fè yon bouk sou fichye a epi enprime `line.strip()`."},"starterCode":"# Read data/roster.csv and print every raw line without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li data/roster.csv olye pou w tape sa ki nan lis la."}},"solutionCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"cp-2-clean-one-row":{"title":"Netwaye yon ranje nan lis la","prompt":"Kòmanse ak apèsi lis ou deja bati a. Kenbe kontèks sa a, epi ajoute `clean_row(line)` pou yon ranje done vin tounen yon diksyonè ki gen `name` netwaye, `score` antye, ak `email` an lèt piti. Li premye ranje done a ankò epi enprime diksyonè netwaye a.","hint":"Enspekte an premye, apre sa re-itilize menm fòm fichye a pou teste asistan an sou yon ranje.","help":{"concept":"Yon fwa yon ranje gen yon fòm ki fyab, tout pwojè a ka reitilize menm lojik netwayaj sa a pou chak ranje.","hint_1":"Separe ranje a an `name`, `score`, ak `email`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak `.strip().title()` pou non, `int(...)` pou nòt, ak `.strip().lower()` pou imèl."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n# Keep the raw roster preview above as your starting point.\n# Next, write clean_row(line) so one data row becomes a cleaned dictionary.\ndef clean_row(line):\n # Split name, score, and email, then return the cleaned record.\n pass\n\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\n# Print the cleaned first data row.\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\n\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionCode":"try:\n with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\n\ntry:\n with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\n print(clean_row(first_row))\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n"},"cp-3-skip-bad-roster-rows":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo an sekirite","prompt":"Kenbe asistan `clean_row(line)` k ap fonksyone nan dènye etap la. Kounye a, fè yon bouk sou ranje done yo, ranmase dosye ki valab e ki netwaye, epi sote ranje ki pa valab yo pou netwayè lis la rete itil.","hint":"Sèvi ak menm asistan an pou chak ranje olye pou w refè netwayaj la an liy.","help":{"concept":"Fichye reyèl yo raman pafè. Yon zouti done itil pwoteje koule travay la lè li ranmase anrejistreman ki valab epi sote ranje li pa ka netwaye.","hint_1":"Kreye yon tablo `records = []`, epi fè yon bouk sou ranje yo apre antèt la.","hint_2":"Ajoute andedan `try` epi sote ranje ki pa valab nan `except ValueError`."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n # Keep using clean_row(line), but only save rows with valid scores.\n # Skip ValueError rows so the roster cleaner can finish the file.\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak try/except pou sote ranje move nan lis la."},"1":{"message":"Trape ValueError pou liy move nan lis la."},"2":{"message":"Itilize clean_row(line) andedan bouk la."}},"solutionCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"cp-4-move-cleaning-to-module":{"title":"Mete netwayaj nan yon modil èd.","prompt":"Kòmanse ak pwogram ki netwaye lis travay la nan `main.py`. Mete `clean_row(line)` nan `tools/cleaning.py`, enpòte li tounen nan `main.py`, epi kenbe rezilta dosye ki netwaye yo egzakteman menm jan.","hint":"Etap sa a se yon refactoring, pa yon reekriti: workflow la rete nan `main.py`, epi detay netwayaj yo deplase nan modil èd la.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon pwojè grandi, modil èd yo kenbe fichye prensipal la konsantre sou workflow la olye de detay yo.","hint_1":"Kreye yon kont `tools/cleaning.py` epi deplase kont `clean_row(line)` la ladan l.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, ranplase fonksyon lokal la ak `from tools.cleaning import clean_row`."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\n# Move clean_row(line) into tools/cleaning.py.\n# Then import it back here so main.py keeps only the roster workflow.\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"# Move clean_row(line) here and keep the same cleaned record shape.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_row nan tools.cleaning."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak clean_row(line) nan modil èd la."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"cp-5-add-summary-functions":{"title":"Ajoute fonksyon rezime","prompt":"Kenbe netwayè ki baze sou helper nan etap anvan an. Kounye a, ajoute `tools/scoring.py` pou pwojè a ka enprime nòt mwayèn nan awondi a yon plas desimal ak kantite pas.","hint":"Ajoute kalkil nòt la nan edè yo, epi ranplase apèsi dosye brit la ak de liy rezime yo.","help":{"concept":"Rapò yo anjeneral bezwen rezime, pa sèlman ranje ki netwaye. Fonksyon èd fè kalkil sa yo fasil pou teste ak re-itilize.","hint_1":"Ajoute `average_score(records)` ak `passing_count(records)` nan `tools/scoring.py`.","hint_2":"Enpòte toude helper yo nan `main.py`, epi enprime `Average: ...` ak `Passing: ...`."},"starterCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n\n# Replace the raw records preview with summary helpers.\n# Add average_score(records) and passing_count(records) in tools/scoring.py, then print both summary lines here.\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"# Add average_score(records) and passing_count(records) here.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"def average_score(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"score\"]\n return total / len(records)\n\ndef passing_count(records):\n count = 0\n for record in records:\n if record[\"score\"] >= 70:\n count += 1\n return count\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte average_score ak passing_count soti nan tools.scoring."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak average_score(records) pou kalkile mwayèn nan."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak passing_count(records) pou kalkile kantite pasaj."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"cp-6-write-final-reports":{"title":"Ekri rapò final yo","prompt":"Kòmanse ak netwayè a ki deja enprime mwayèn nan ak kantite pase yo. Konplete transfè a lè w ajoute asistan rapò yo, ekri `output/clean_roster.csv` ak `output/summary.txt`, epi enprime liy kantite netwaye a ak rezime final la.","hint":"Tounen rezime travay la an livrabl: ekri tou de fichye yo, epi enprime kantite ki netwaye a ansanm ak liy rezime yo.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwojè reyèl fini ak livrabl: fichye ki netwaye ak yon rezime yon lòt moun ka itilize.","hint_1":"Ajoute `write_clean_roster(records, path)` ak `write_summary(records, path)` nan `tools/reports.py`.","hint_2":"Rele asistan sa yo pou de chemen sòti yo, epi enprime kantite dosye ki netwaye yo ansanm ak mwayèn nan ak liy ki pase yo."},"starterCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n\n# Finish the handoff by adding tools/reports.py.\n# Write output/clean_roster.csv and output/summary.txt, then print the cleaned record count too.\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"def average_score(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"score\"]\n return total / len(records)\n\ndef passing_count(records):\n count = 0\n for record in records:\n if record[\"score\"] >= 70:\n count += 1\n return count\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"# Add write_clean_roster(records, path) and write_summary(records, path) here.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\nfrom tools.reports import write_clean_roster, write_summary\nfrom pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwrite_clean_roster(records, \"output/clean_roster.csv\")\nwrite_summary(records, \"output/summary.txt\")\nprint(f\"Cleaned {len(records)} records\")\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"def average_score(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"score\"]\n return total / len(records)\n\ndef passing_count(records):\n count = 0\n for record in records:\n if record[\"score\"] >= 70:\n count += 1\n return count\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"import os\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\ndef write_clean_roster(records, path):\n os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or \".\", exist_ok=True)\n with open(path, \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,score,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['score']},{record['email']}\\n\")\n\ndef write_summary(records, path):\n os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or \".\", exist_ok=True)\n with open(path, \"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"records={len(records)}\\n\")\n file.write(f\"average={average_score(records):.1f}\\n\")\n file.write(f\"passing={passing_count(records)}\\n\")\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak write_clean_roster(...) pou kreye rapò lis pwòp la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak write_summary(...) pou kreye rapò rezime a."},"2":{"message":"Ekri lis pwòp la pou output/clean_roster.csv."},"3":{"message":"Ekri rezime pou output/summary.txt."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\nfrom tools.reports import write_clean_roster, write_summary\nfrom pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwrite_clean_roster(records, \"output/clean_roster.csv\")\nwrite_summary(records, \"output/summary.txt\")\nprint(f\"Cleaned {len(records)} records\")\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"try-class-roster-cleaner-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye premye anrejistreman lis la","prompt":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv`, sote ranje antèt la, netwaye premye dosye elèv la, epi enprime `Ava Smith <ava@example.com>`.","hint":"Sote antèt la, epi netwaye premye ranje done a anvan ou enprime li.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a itilize fòm fichye lis reyèl la ki soti nan capstone la olye de yon chèn ranje ki kode an di.","hint_1":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv`, itilize `next(file)` yon fwa pou sote antèt la, epi li premye ranje done a.","hint_2":"Separe liy lan, mete non an ak premye lèt majiskil, mete adrès imel la an lèt piti, epi enprime `Name <email>`."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\n# Clean the first student record and print Ava Smith <ava@example.com>.\n","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\nname, score, email = first_row.split(\",\")\nprint(f\"{name.strip().title()} <{email.strip().lower()}>\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li ranje a nan data/roster.csv."},"1":{"message":"Sote ranje tit la anvan ou li premye elèv la."},"2":{"message":"Separe ranje lis la an pati li yo."},"3":{"message":"Mete non etidyan an an tit."},"4":{"message":"Ekri adrès imel la an lèt piti."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_class_roster_cleaner_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv`, sote ranje antèt la, netwaye premye dosye elèv la, epi enprime `Ava Smith <ava@example.com>`."},"allowReveal":true}}}},"python-v2":{"python-v2-0":{"module-0-welcome-board-project":{"label":"Pwojè Modil: Konstwi yon Panno Byenveni","summary":"Yon responsab klib bezwen yon panno byenveni ki vin yon ti jan pi byen fèt nan chak etap. Kontinye amelyore menm pwogram nan jiskaske tout panno a pare.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Premye kliyan ou: yon responsab klib ak yon panno byenveni vid"},"project":{"title":"Konstriktè Panno Byenveni"}},"projectSteps":{"mp_1":{"title":"Mete tit evènman an"},"mp_2":{"title":"Ajoute liy lè a"},"mp_3":{"title":"Ajoute kantite èd yo"},"mp_4":{"title":"Fini panno byenveni an"},"mp_5":{"title":"Calculate the helper count"},"mp_6":{"title":"Finish the welcome board"}},"quiz":{"mp-1-set-event-title":{"title":"Set the event title","prompt":"Start the welcome board with one line that prints exactly:\n\n`Code Club Open House`","hint":"Use one `print()` call with the title as a string literal.","help":{"concept":"The project begins with one working line. Later stages will keep this line and extend the same program.","hint_1":"The event title is text, so write it as a quoted string.","hint_2":"This stage needs one output line only."},"starterCode":"# Start the board with the event title.\n","solutionCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Start with one print call for the exact event title."}}},"mp-2-add-useful-comment":{"title":"Document the board","prompt":"Keep the working title line. Add one useful Python comment on the line above it describing the purpose of the program.\n\nThe program output must still be exactly:\n\n`Code Club Open House`","hint":"A Python comment starts with `#` and should not become output.","help":{"concept":"Comments document code for readers without changing the program's normal output.","hint_1":"Put the comment above the existing `print()` call.","hint_2":"Do not add another printed line in this stage."},"starterCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Add one non-empty Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."}}},"mp-3-add-event-time":{"title":"Add the event time","prompt":"Keep the comment and title. Add one new output line under the title that prints exactly:\n\n`Doors open at 4 PM`","hint":"Preserve the existing program and add one new `print()` call below the title.","help":{"concept":"A cumulative project grows by preserving correct code and adding one focused improvement.","hint_1":"The comment stays at the top.","hint_2":"The new time line should appear after the event title."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."}}},"mp-4-add-seat-literal":{"title":"Add a numeric literal","prompt":"Keep the board so far. Add these two output lines at the bottom:\n\n`Seats available`\n`24`\n\nPrint `24` as a numeric literal, not as quoted text.","hint":"The label is a string, but the seat count should be the number `24` without quotes.","help":{"concept":"A numeric literal is a number written directly in code. Quoting `24` would turn it into a string instead.","hint_1":"Use one print call for the label and one for the number.","hint_2":"The line for the count should contain `print(24)`, not `print(\"24\")`."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."},"1":{"message":"Print the seat count as the integer literal `24`, not as text."}}},"mp-5-calculate-helper-count":{"title":"Calculate the helper count","prompt":"Keep everything already working. Add these two output lines:\n\n`Helpers ready`\n`6`\n\nDo not type the final `6` directly. Make Python calculate it with the expression `2 * 3`.","hint":"Print the label first, then print the expression `2 * 3` on the next line.","help":{"concept":"An arithmetic expression produces a value. Here the program should calculate the helper count rather than hard-code the result.","hint_1":"Keep `2 * 3` visible in the source code.","hint_2":"The expression should not be inside quotes."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)\nprint(\"Helpers ready\")\nprint(2 * 3)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."},"1":{"message":"Use the expression `2 * 3` itself to calculate the helper count."}}},"mp-6-add-final-message":{"title":"Finish the welcome board","prompt":"Keep the complete working board from the previous step. Add one final line at the bottom that prints exactly:\n\n`Bring your questions!`\n\nPreserve every earlier line and add only the new final message.","hint":"Start from the working program exactly as it is and add one quoted string in a new `print()` call at the bottom.","help":{"concept":"A cumulative project grows from the previous working solution. The final step should preserve all earlier behavior and add only the new requirement.","hint_1":"Do not rewrite or remove any of the earlier board lines.","hint_2":"The final value is text, so keep it inside matching quotes."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)\nprint(\"Helpers ready\")\nprint(2 * 3)","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)\nprint(\"Helpers ready\")\nprint(2 * 3)\nprint(\"Bring your questions!\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."}}},"mp-1-print-event-title":{"title":"Mete tit evènman an","prompt":"Kòmanse vrè panno byenveni an. Ranplase liy aperçu a ak yon liy ki enprime egzakteman `Code Club Open House`.","hint":"Ou bezwen sèlman yon liy print nan etap sa a.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè a kounye a soti nan aperçu a pou antre nan vrè panno a. Kenbe li senp epi fè tit la kòrèk an premye.","hint_1":"Retire tèks aperçu a epi enprime tit evènman an pito.","hint_2":"Fè majiskil yo ak espas yo matche egzakteman."},"starterCode":"print(\"Welcome to Python Club\")\n\n# Replace the preview line with the real event title.\n"},"mp-2-print-agenda-lines":{"title":"Ajoute liy lè a","prompt":"Kenbe liy tit la depi etap anvan an. Anba li, ajoute yon nouvo liy ki enprime egzakteman `Doors open at 4 PM`.","hint":"Kite tit la kote li ye a epi ajoute yon lòt liy print anba li.","help":{"concept":"Etap sa a pwolonje menm pwogram nan olye pou li rekòmanse. 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Handle the empty range.\n2. Choose either valid middle element when a range has even length.\n3. Create the root for that range.\n4. Recursively build the left and right ranges and set parent links.\n\n**Rebalance an existing BST**\n1. Traverse inorder to obtain sorted keys or sorted node references.\n2. Rebuild with the midpoint rule.\n3. Return a root whose parent is `NULL`.\n\nThe harness checks ordering, almost-balance, height, and parent links on odd, even, skewed, and empty inputs. Equivalent linear-time designs pass: lower-middle or upper-middle selection, key copying or node relinking, and different helper names are all valid.","hint":"Use a half-open range `[begin,end)`. Its length is `end-begin`; after choosing `middle`, recurse on `[begin,middle)` and `[middle+1,end)`.","help":{"concept":"Inorder traversal converts BST shape into sorted order. Midpoint recursion converts sorted order into a shape whose left/right subtree sizes differ by at most one.","hint_1":"For even range lengths, either middle produces valid subtree sizes; stay consistent.","hint_2":"Pass the newly created root as the `parent` argument for both recursive child calls."},"starterCode":"$14","solutionCode":"$15","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"$16"},"structures_bst_c":{"content":"$17"},"structures_bst_h":{"content":"#ifndef BST_H\n#define BST_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct Node {\n int key;\n struct Node *left;\n struct Node *right;\n struct Node *parent;\n} Node;\n\nNode *bst_insert(Node *root, int key);\nNode *bst_build_balanced(const int *sorted, size_t n);\nNode *bst_rebalance(Node *root);\nbool bst_is_almost_balanced(const Node *root);\nint bst_height(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_print_inorder(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_free(Node *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"$18"},"structures_bst_c":{"content":"$19"},"structures_bst_h":{"content":"#ifndef BST_H\n#define BST_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct Node {\n int key;\n struct Node *left;\n struct Node *right;\n struct Node *parent;\n} Node;\n\nNode *bst_insert(Node *root, int key);\nNode *bst_build_balanced(const int *sorted, size_t n);\nNode *bst_rebalance(Node *root);\nbool bst_is_almost_balanced(const Node *root);\nint bst_height(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_print_inorder(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_free(Node *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Run the provided behavioral harness and use the failing case to locate the logic error."},{"message":"Equivalent correct implementations are accepted; no exact source phrase is required."}]}}},"quiz":{"same-bst":{"title":"Which two insertion orders generate the same BST?","prompt":"Which two insertion orders generate the same BST?","hint":"Keep the first value as root, then compare the ancestor relationships inside the values below and above that root.","help":{"concept":"Values destined for the left and right subtrees may be interleaved, but each subtree must preserve the relative order that creates the same ancestors.","hint_1":"Both valid sequences begin with `4`.","hint_2":"Within `{1,2,3}`, value `2` must arrive before `1` and `3`; within `{5,6,7}`, value `6` must arrive before `5` and `7`."},"options":{"a":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (4, 6, 2, 5, 7, 1, 3)","b":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)","c":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)","d":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 6, 7)"}}}},"detect-equal-pair-sums":{"label":"Question 2 — Detect Equal Disjoint Pair Sums","summary":"Trace every unordered pair, table update, collision, and Θ(n²) bound","cards":{"question-2-problem":{"title":"Question 2: Turn Pair Comparison into Table Lookup"},"pair-sums-animation":{"title":"Trace the Actual Pair-Sum Function"},"pair-sums-project":{"title":"Hands-on: Implement Equal Pair Sums"}},"projectSteps":{"equal_pair_sums":{"title":"Hands-on: Implement Equal Pair Sums"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"equal_pair_sums":{"title":"Hands-on: Implement Equal Pair Sums","prompt":"Open `algorithms/pair_sums.c` and implement `has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums`.\n\nUse this implementation checklist:\n\n1. Reject inputs that cannot contain two four-index pairs, such as `n < 4`.\n2. Generate each unordered pair exactly once with `i < j`.\n3. Compute the pair sum and look it up in constant expected or worst-case time.\n4. When the sum was seen before, confirm that the saved pair and current pair use four distinct indices.\n5. Release any allocated memory on both the `true` and `false` paths.\n\nThe required runtime is `O(n²)`. A direct-address table is the demonstrated solution because values are bounded by `k`, but a correct hash-table solution or another equivalent quadratic design also passes. The validator checks behavior and does not search for exact source text such as `2 * k`.","hint":"Trace the pair order `(0,1), (0,2), (0,3), (1,2), ...`. A table entry should remember enough about the first pair to compare indices when the same sum appears again.","help":{"concept":"There are `n(n-1)/2` unordered pairs. If each pair performs O(1) lookup/update work, the complete algorithm is Θ(n²).","hint_1":"The largest value is at most `k-1`, so the largest sum is at most `2k-2`; any safely sized table covering that range is valid.","hint_2":"Do not return true for the same pair encountered twice; store or compare indices explicitly."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nstatic void print_case(const char *name, const int *values, size_t n, int k) {\n printf(\"%s=%s\\n\", name,\n has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(values, n, k) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n const int basic_yes[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int basic_no[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n const int later_yes[] = {1, 2, 4, 5};\n const int upper_yes[] = {2, 5, 9, 12, 15};\n const int distinct_no[] = {1, 3, 7, 12};\n\n print_case(\"basic-yes\", basic_yes, 4, 5);\n print_case(\"basic-no\", basic_no, 4, 9);\n print_case(\"later-yes\", later_yes, 4, 6);\n print_case(\"upper-yes\", upper_yes, 5, 16);\n print_case(\"distinct-no\", distinct_no, 4, 13);\n print_case(\"too-short\", basic_yes, 3, 5);\n print_case(\"null\", NULL, 0, 5);\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nstatic void print_case(const char *name, const int *values, size_t n, int k) {\n printf(\"%s=%s\\n\", name,\n has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(values, n, k) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n const int basic_yes[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int basic_no[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n const int later_yes[] = {1, 2, 4, 5};\n const int upper_yes[] = {2, 5, 9, 12, 15};\n const int distinct_no[] = {1, 3, 7, 12};\n\n print_case(\"basic-yes\", basic_yes, 4, 5);\n print_case(\"basic-no\", basic_no, 4, 9);\n print_case(\"later-yes\", later_yes, 4, 6);\n print_case(\"upper-yes\", upper_yes, 5, 16);\n print_case(\"distinct-no\", distinct_no, 4, 13);\n print_case(\"too-short\", basic_yes, 3, 5);\n print_case(\"null\", NULL, 0, 5);\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nstatic void print_case(const char *name, const int *values, size_t n, int k) {\n printf(\"%s=%s\\n\", name,\n has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(values, n, k) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n const int basic_yes[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int basic_no[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n const int later_yes[] = {1, 2, 4, 5};\n const int upper_yes[] = {2, 5, 9, 12, 15};\n const int distinct_no[] = {1, 3, 7, 12};\n\n print_case(\"basic-yes\", basic_yes, 4, 5);\n print_case(\"basic-no\", basic_no, 4, 9);\n print_case(\"later-yes\", later_yes, 4, 6);\n print_case(\"upper-yes\", upper_yes, 5, 16);\n print_case(\"distinct-no\", distinct_no, 4, 13);\n print_case(\"too-short\", basic_yes, 3, 5);\n print_case(\"null\", NULL, 0, 5);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_pair_sums_c":{"content":"#include \"pair_sums.h\"\n\nbool has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(const int *values, size_t n, int k) {\n (void)values;\n (void)n;\n (void)k;\n /* TODO 1: enumerate every unordered pair exactly once. */\n /* TODO 2: remember enough state to recognize an equal-sum disjoint pair. */\n return false;\n}\n"},"algorithms_pair_sums_h":{"content":"#ifndef PAIR_SUMS_H\n#define PAIR_SUMS_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\nbool has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(const int *values, size_t n, int k);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nstatic void print_case(const char *name, const int *values, size_t n, int k) {\n printf(\"%s=%s\\n\", name,\n has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(values, n, k) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n const int basic_yes[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int basic_no[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n const int later_yes[] = {1, 2, 4, 5};\n const int upper_yes[] = {2, 5, 9, 12, 15};\n const int distinct_no[] = {1, 3, 7, 12};\n\n print_case(\"basic-yes\", basic_yes, 4, 5);\n print_case(\"basic-no\", basic_no, 4, 9);\n print_case(\"later-yes\", later_yes, 4, 6);\n print_case(\"upper-yes\", upper_yes, 5, 16);\n print_case(\"distinct-no\", distinct_no, 4, 13);\n print_case(\"too-short\", basic_yes, 3, 5);\n print_case(\"null\", NULL, 0, 5);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_pair_sums_c":{"content":"$1a"},"algorithms_pair_sums_h":{"content":"#ifndef PAIR_SUMS_H\n#define PAIR_SUMS_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\nbool has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(const int *values, size_t n, int k);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Run the provided behavioral harness and use the failing case to locate the logic error."},{"message":"Equivalent correct implementations are accepted; no exact source phrase is required."}]}}},"quiz":{"pair-sum-table":{"title":"Why can the O(n²) pair-sum algorithm use a direct-address table?","prompt":"Why can the O(n²) pair-sum algorithm use a direct-address table?","hint":"Use the promise that every positive input value is smaller than `k`. What range can a sum occupy?","help":{"concept":"A pair sum is an integer in a bounded range below `2k`, so it can directly select a table slot in O(1) time.","hint_1":"The nested loops still contribute Θ(n²) pair visits.","hint_2":"The table changes lookup cost, not the number of pairs."},"options":{"a":"The input is already sorted.","b":"Every pair has a different sum.","c":"Each value is positive and smaller than k, so every sum is in a bounded range below 2k.","d":"C arrays automatically resolve hash collisions."}}}},"insert-linked-binary-heap":{"label":"Question 5 — Insert into a Pointer-Based Complete Heap","summary":"Trace the binary index path, node attachment, each upheap swap, and O(log n) cost","cards":{"question-5-problem":{"title":"Question 5: Use the Array Index Without an Array"},"heap-animation":{"title":"Trace heap_insert at Conceptual Index 8"},"heap-project":{"title":"Hands-on: Insert into the Linked Heap"}},"projectSteps":{"pointer_heap_insert":{"title":"Hands-on: Insert into the Linked Heap"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"pointer_heap_insert":{"title":"Hands-on: Insert into the Linked Heap","prompt":"Open `structures/heap.c` and implement `heap_insert`.\n\nUse the conceptual one-based array index `n + 1` even though the tree is pointer-based:\n\n1. Handle insertion into an empty heap.\n2. Find the highest set bit of index `n + 1`.\n3. Ignore that leading bit; each remaining intermediate bit chooses left (`0`) or right (`1`) while walking to the parent.\n4. Use the final bit to attach the new node on the correct side and set its parent link.\n5. While the new key is smaller than its parent's key, swap keys and move upward.\n\nThe harness checks an empty insertion and concrete positions `8` and `9`, including level order, heap order, node count, and parent links. Any correct O(log n) path method and upheap implementation passes; exact bit-loop syntax is not graded.","hint":"Write the target index in binary. After removing the leading `1`, all but the last bit walk to the parent; the last bit selects the new left or right child.","help":{"concept":"A complete tree has the same positions as a one-based heap array. Binary index bits encode the unique root-to-position path.","hint_1":"For index `8 = 1000₂`, walk left, left, then attach left.","hint_2":"Swap keys during upheap rather than pointer subtrees; the complete-tree shape and parent links then remain unchanged."},"starterCode":"$1b","solutionCode":"$1c","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"$1d"},"structures_heap_c":{"content":"$1e"},"structures_heap_h":{"content":"#ifndef HEAP_H\n#define HEAP_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct HeapNode {\n int key;\n struct HeapNode *left;\n struct HeapNode *right;\n struct HeapNode *parent;\n} HeapNode;\n\nHeapNode *heap_from_level_order(const int *values, size_t n);\nHeapNode *heap_insert(HeapNode *root, size_t n, int value);\nvoid heap_print_level_order(const HeapNode *root);\nbool heap_parent_links_valid(const HeapNode *root, const HeapNode *parent);\nvoid heap_free(HeapNode *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"$1f"},"structures_heap_c":{"content":"$20"},"structures_heap_h":{"content":"#ifndef HEAP_H\n#define HEAP_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct HeapNode {\n int key;\n struct HeapNode *left;\n struct HeapNode *right;\n struct HeapNode *parent;\n} HeapNode;\n\nHeapNode *heap_from_level_order(const int *values, size_t n);\nHeapNode *heap_insert(HeapNode *root, size_t n, int value);\nvoid heap_print_level_order(const HeapNode *root);\nbool heap_parent_links_valid(const HeapNode *root, const HeapNode *parent);\nvoid heap_free(HeapNode *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Run the provided behavioral harness and use the failing case to locate the logic error."},{"message":"Equivalent correct implementations are accepted; no exact source phrase is required."}]}}}},"priority-queue-with-stacks":{"label":"Question 4 — Build a Priority Queue from Stacks","summary":"Trace every pop, minimum replacement, duplicate preservation, and restore step","cards":{"question-4-problem":{"title":"Question 4: Remove One Minimum Without Random Access"},"priority-queue-animation":{"title":"Trace pq_extract_min with Real Stack Values"},"priority-queue-project":{"title":"Hands-on: Build the Stack Priority Queue"}},"projectSteps":{"priority_queue_stacks":{"title":"Hands-on: Build the Stack Priority Queue"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"priority_queue_stacks":{"title":"Hands-on: Build the Stack Priority Queue","prompt":"Open `structures/priority_queue.c` and implement `pq_extract_min` using only the provided stack API.\n\nFollow this state checklist:\n\n1. Return `false` when the data stack is empty.\n2. Pop one value into a local `minimum` candidate.\n3. Pop every remaining value from `data`.\n4. When a smaller value appears, move the old minimum to `scratch` and replace it.\n5. Otherwise move the current value to `scratch`—including values equal to the minimum.\n6. Restore every scratch value to `data`, write one minimum to the output pointer, and return `true`.\n\nThe tests check duplicates, full sorted extraction order, a single value, and an empty queue. Equivalent stack-only implementations pass; exact loop syntax and local variable names are not graded.","hint":"Keep exactly one value outside both stacks as the candidate to remove. Every other popped value must eventually reach `scratch` and then return to `data`.","help":{"concept":"A stack exposes only the top, so finding a minimum requires examining all `n` values. The scratch stack temporarily stores the `n-1` values that remain in the queue.","hint_1":"Use `<`, not `<=`, when replacing the current minimum; an equal minimum must remain in the queue.","hint_2":"Restoring scratch reverses it again, so the remaining data stack is ready for the next extraction."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nstatic void fill(PriorityQueue *queue, const int *values, size_t n) {\n pq_init(queue);\n for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n pq_insert(queue, values[i]);\n }\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n const int duplicates[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n fill(&queue, duplicates, 5);\n\n printf(\"duplicates=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\nextract-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n\n const int single[] = {7};\n fill(&queue, single, 1);\n printf(\"single=\");\n if (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) printf(\"%d\", value);\n printf(\"\\nsingle-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nstatic void fill(PriorityQueue *queue, const int *values, size_t n) {\n pq_init(queue);\n for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n pq_insert(queue, values[i]);\n }\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n const int duplicates[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n fill(&queue, duplicates, 5);\n\n printf(\"duplicates=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\nextract-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n\n const int single[] = {7};\n fill(&queue, single, 1);\n printf(\"single=\");\n if (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) printf(\"%d\", value);\n printf(\"\\nsingle-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nstatic void fill(PriorityQueue *queue, const int *values, size_t n) {\n pq_init(queue);\n for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n pq_insert(queue, values[i]);\n }\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n const int duplicates[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n fill(&queue, duplicates, 5);\n\n printf(\"duplicates=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\nextract-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n\n const int single[] = {7};\n fill(&queue, single, 1);\n printf(\"single=\");\n if (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) printf(\"%d\", value);\n printf(\"\\nsingle-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_c":{"content":"#include \"priority_queue.h\"\n\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue) { stack_init(&queue->data); stack_init(&queue->scratch); }\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority) { return stack_push(&queue->data, priority); }\n\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority) {\n (void)queue;\n (void)priority;\n /* TODO 1: keep one popped value as the current minimum. */\n /* TODO 2: move every other value through scratch, preserving duplicates. */\n /* TODO 3: restore scratch and return exactly one minimum. */\n return false;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_h":{"content":"#ifndef PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n#define PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n\n#include \n#include \"stack.h\"\n\ntypedef struct { Stack data; Stack scratch; } PriorityQueue;\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue);\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority);\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority);\n\n#endif\n"},"structures_stack_c":{"content":"#include \"stack.h\"\n\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack) { stack->size = 0; }\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value) { if (stack->size == STACK_CAPACITY) return false; stack->values[stack->size++] = value; return true; }\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value) { if (stack->size == 0) return false; *value = stack->values[--stack->size]; return true; }\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack) { return stack->size == 0; }\n"},"structures_stack_h":{"content":"#ifndef STACK_H\n#define STACK_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\n#define STACK_CAPACITY 64\n\ntypedef struct { int values[STACK_CAPACITY]; size_t size; } Stack;\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack);\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value);\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value);\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nstatic void fill(PriorityQueue *queue, const int *values, size_t n) {\n pq_init(queue);\n for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n pq_insert(queue, values[i]);\n }\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n const int duplicates[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n fill(&queue, duplicates, 5);\n\n printf(\"duplicates=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\nextract-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n\n const int single[] = {7};\n fill(&queue, single, 1);\n printf(\"single=\");\n if (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) printf(\"%d\", value);\n printf(\"\\nsingle-empty=%s\\n\",\n pq_extract_min(&queue, &value) ? \"true\" : \"false\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_c":{"content":"#include \"priority_queue.h\"\n\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue) { stack_init(&queue->data); stack_init(&queue->scratch); }\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority) { return stack_push(&queue->data, priority); }\n\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority) {\n if (stack_is_empty(&queue->data)) return false;\n\n int minimum;\n stack_pop(&queue->data, &minimum);\n\n int current;\n while (stack_pop(&queue->data, ¤t)) {\n if (current < minimum) {\n stack_push(&queue->scratch, minimum);\n minimum = current;\n } else {\n stack_push(&queue->scratch, current);\n }\n }\n\n while (stack_pop(&queue->scratch, ¤t)) {\n stack_push(&queue->data, current);\n }\n\n *priority = minimum;\n return true;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_h":{"content":"#ifndef PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n#define PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n\n#include \n#include \"stack.h\"\n\ntypedef struct { Stack data; Stack scratch; } PriorityQueue;\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue);\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority);\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority);\n\n#endif\n"},"structures_stack_c":{"content":"#include \"stack.h\"\n\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack) { stack->size = 0; }\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value) { if (stack->size == STACK_CAPACITY) return false; stack->values[stack->size++] = value; return true; }\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value) { if (stack->size == 0) return false; *value = stack->values[--stack->size]; return true; }\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack) { return stack->size == 0; }\n"},"structures_stack_h":{"content":"#ifndef STACK_H\n#define STACK_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\n#define STACK_CAPACITY 64\n\ntypedef struct { int values[STACK_CAPACITY]; size_t size; } Stack;\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack);\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value);\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value);\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Run the provided behavioral harness and use the failing case to locate the logic error."},{"message":"Equivalent correct implementations are accepted; no exact source phrase is required."}]}}},"quiz":{"operation-costs":{"title":"Which runtime combination matches the lesson designs?","prompt":"Which runtime combination matches the lesson designs?","hint":"Insertion is one push. Extraction must inspect every stored value. Heap insertion follows one root-to-leaf path.","help":{"concept":"This stack design deliberately makes insertion O(1) and extraction Θ(n); the pointer heap insertion is O(log n).","hint_1":"Count legal stack operations, not array indexing that the abstraction does not expose.","hint_2":"A complete heap has logarithmic height."},"options":{"a":"stack-PQ insert O(1), extractMin O(n), pointer-heap insert Θ(log n)","b":"stack-PQ insert O(n), extractMin O(1), pointer-heap insert Θ(n)","c":"stack-PQ insert O(log n), extractMin O(log n), pointer-heap insert Θ(1)","d":"all three operations are Θ(n²)"}}}},"recursive-boolean-configurations":{"label":"Question 1 — Trace Recursion, Solve the Recurrence","summary":"Build the actual foo(3) call tree, unroll T(n), and prove Θ(2ⁿ)","cards":{"introduction":{"title":"How to Solve Each Written-Assignment Problem"},"question-1-problem":{"title":"Question 1: Read the Function and the Runtime Goal"},"recursion-animation":{"title":"Animate the Complete foo(3) Call Tree"},"recursion-project":{"title":"Hands-on: Implement and Measure foo"}},"projectSteps":{"recursion_runtime":{"title":"Hands-on: Implement and Measure foo"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"recursion_runtime":{"title":"Hands-on: Implement and Measure foo","prompt":"Open `algorithms/recursion.c`. Implement the two recursive branches, then run the supplied harness. Work in this order:\n\n1. Confirm the base case `i == n`.\n2. Set `bits[i] = true` and recurse with `i + 1`.\n3. Return to the same frame, set `bits[i] = false`, and recurse again.\n4. Check `n = 0`, `1`, `3`, and `4` against the call-tree formulas.\n\nThe validator checks observable counts. Equivalent correct implementations pass; branch order, helper names, formatting, and literal source phrases are not graded.","hint":"For a call with `m = n - i` undecided positions: the base case has one call and one leaf; otherwise the current call contributes one plus the two subtrees for `m - 1`.","help":{"concept":"Every internal call represents one partial Boolean prefix. Its true and false children extend that prefix by one position. Therefore `leaves = 2^n` and `calls = 1 + 2 + ... + 2^n = 2^(n+1) - 1`.","hint_1":"Increment `calls` once, immediately when the helper starts.","hint_2":"After the true recursive call returns, overwrite only `bits[i]` with false; earlier prefix values stay unchanged."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nstatic void print_stats(int n) {\n FooStats stats = foo(n);\n printf(\"n=%d leaves=%ld calls=%ld\\n\", n, stats.leaves, stats.calls);\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n print_stats(0);\n print_stats(1);\n print_stats(3);\n print_stats(4);\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nstatic void print_stats(int n) {\n FooStats stats = foo(n);\n printf(\"n=%d leaves=%ld calls=%ld\\n\", n, stats.leaves, stats.calls);\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n print_stats(0);\n print_stats(1);\n print_stats(3);\n print_stats(4);\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nstatic void print_stats(int n) {\n FooStats stats = foo(n);\n printf(\"n=%d leaves=%ld calls=%ld\\n\", n, stats.leaves, stats.calls);\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n print_stats(0);\n print_stats(1);\n print_stats(3);\n print_stats(4);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_c":{"content":"#include \"recursion.h\"\n#include \n\nstatic void foo_rec(bool *bits, int n, int i, FooStats *stats) {\n stats->calls++;\n\n if (i == n) {\n stats->leaves++;\n return;\n }\n\n /* Step 1: assign true at this position and recurse on i + 1. */\n /* Step 2: after that call returns, assign false and recurse again. */\n}\n\nFooStats foo(int n) {\n FooStats stats = {0, 0};\n bool bits[n > 0 ? n : 1];\n foo_rec(bits, n, 0, &stats);\n return stats;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_h":{"content":"#ifndef RECURSION_H\n#define RECURSION_H\n\ntypedef struct {\n long calls;\n long leaves;\n} FooStats;\n\nFooStats foo(int n);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nstatic void print_stats(int n) {\n FooStats stats = foo(n);\n printf(\"n=%d leaves=%ld calls=%ld\\n\", n, stats.leaves, stats.calls);\n}\n\nint main(void) {\n print_stats(0);\n print_stats(1);\n print_stats(3);\n print_stats(4);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_c":{"content":"#include \"recursion.h\"\n#include \n\nstatic void foo_rec(bool *bits, int n, int i, FooStats *stats) {\n stats->calls++;\n\n if (i == n) {\n stats->leaves++;\n return;\n }\n\n bits[i] = true;\n foo_rec(bits, n, i + 1, stats);\n\n bits[i] = false;\n foo_rec(bits, n, i + 1, stats);\n}\n\nFooStats foo(int n) {\n FooStats stats = {0, 0};\n if (n < 0) return stats;\n bool bits[n > 0 ? n : 1];\n foo_rec(bits, n, 0, &stats);\n return stats;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_h":{"content":"#ifndef RECURSION_H\n#define RECURSION_H\n\ntypedef struct {\n long calls;\n long leaves;\n} FooStats;\n\nFooStats foo(int n);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Run the provided behavioral harness and use the failing case to locate the logic error."},{"message":"Equivalent correct implementations are accepted; no exact source phrase is required."}]}}},"quiz":{"recurrence":{"title":"Which recurrence matches fooRec when printing a completed list is O(1)?","prompt":"Which recurrence matches fooRec when printing a completed list is O(1)?","hint":"One non-base call does constant local work and creates two calls with one fewer undecided position.","help":{"concept":"Define `T(m)` using the number of positions still undecided. Then both children have size `m - 1`.","hint_1":"Count recursive calls, not assignments: there are two recursive calls.","hint_2":"The assignments, comparison, counter update, and return are constant local work."},"options":{"a":"T(n) = T(n - 1) + Θ(1)","b":"T(n) = 2T(n - 1) + Θ(1)","c":"T(n) = T(n / 2) + Θ(n)","d":"T(n) = 2T(n / 2) + Θ(n)"}},"tight-bound":{"title":"What tight bound follows after unrolling the recurrence?","prompt":"What tight bound follows after unrolling the recurrence?","hint":"Unroll until the argument reaches zero; the constants form `1 + 2 + 4 + ...`.","help":{"concept":"After `k` substitutions, `T(n) = 2^k T(n-k) + c(2^k - 1)`. Set `k = n` to reach `T(0)`.","hint_1":"Do not replace the geometric sum by `n`; its terms double.","hint_2":"Both the base-case term and accumulated local work are proportional to `2^n`."},"options":{"a":"Θ(log n)","b":"Θ(n)","c":"Θ(n²)","d":"Θ(2^n)"}}}},"written-assignment-2-lab":{"label":"CS260-Style Algorithm Design Lab","summary":"Use animations and executable C projects to solve five recurrence and data-structure design problems.","cards":{"introduction":{"title":"How This Lesson Uses the Original Assignment"},"question-1-problem":{"title":"Question 1: Read the Recurrence Problem First"},"recursion-animation":{"title":"Question 1 Walkthrough: Recurrence to Tight Bound"},"recursion-project":{"title":"Question 1 C Lab: Build and Measure the Recursion"},"question-2-problem":{"title":"Question 2: Read the Equal Pair-Sum Problem First"},"pair-sums-animation":{"title":"Question 2 Walkthrough: Pair Sums and Buckets"},"pair-sums-project":{"title":"Question 2 C Lab: Detect Equal Disjoint Pair Sums"},"question-3-problem":{"title":"Question 3: Read the BST Problem First"},"bst-animation":{"title":"Question 3 Walkthrough: Build and Rebalance the BST"},"bst-project":{"title":"Question 3 C Lab: Build and Rebalance a BST"},"question-4-problem":{"title":"Question 4: Read the Stack-Only Priority Queue Problem"},"priority-queue-animation":{"title":"Question 4 Walkthrough: Extract One Minimum"},"priority-queue-project":{"title":"Question 4 C Lab: Priority Queue with Stacks"},"question-5-problem":{"title":"Question 5: Read the Linked Heap Problem First"},"heap-animation":{"title":"Question 5 Walkthrough: Follow the Binary Pointer Path"},"heap-project":{"title":"Question 5 C Lab: Insert into the Linked Heap"},"analysis-quiz":{"title":"Check the Five Design and Runtime Arguments"}},"projectSteps":{"recursion_runtime":{"title":"Instrument the Recursive Call Tree"},"equal_pair_sums":{"title":"Detect Equal Disjoint Pair Sums"},"almost_balanced_bst":{"title":"Build and Rebalance an Almost-Balanced BST"},"priority_queue_stacks":{"title":"Implement a Priority Queue with Stacks"},"pointer_heap_insert":{"title":"Insert into a Pointer-Based Heap in O(log n)"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"recursion_runtime":{"title":"Instrument the Recursive Call Tree","prompt":"Open `algorithms/recursion.c`. Complete `foo_rec` so every non-base call explores both Boolean choices and advances to `i + 1`. The supplied `main.c` runs `foo(4)` and reports the number of leaves and total calls. Use the animation to connect the measurements to `T(n) = 2T(n - 1) + Θ(1)`.","hint":"Each non-base call must make two recursive calls after assigning the current slot.","help":{"concept":"The recursion forms a full binary tree. There are `2^n` leaves and `2^(n+1)-1` total calls, so the runtime is `Θ(2^n)` when printing a completed list is treated as constant time.","hint_1":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change.","hint_2":"Keep the implementation general; do not print the expected output directly."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n FooStats stats = foo(4);\n printf(\"leaves=%ld\\n\", stats.leaves);\n printf(\"calls=%ld\\n\", stats.calls);\n printf(\"tight=Theta(2^n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n FooStats stats = foo(4);\n printf(\"leaves=%ld\\n\", stats.leaves);\n printf(\"calls=%ld\\n\", stats.calls);\n printf(\"tight=Theta(2^n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n FooStats stats = foo(4);\n printf(\"leaves=%ld\\n\", stats.leaves);\n printf(\"calls=%ld\\n\", stats.calls);\n printf(\"tight=Theta(2^n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_c":{"content":"#include \"recursion.h\"\n#include \n\nstatic void foo_rec(bool *bits, int n, int i, FooStats *stats) {\n stats->calls++;\n\n if (i == n) {\n stats->leaves++;\n return;\n }\n\n /* TODO: explore the branch where bits[i] is true. */\n /* TODO: explore the branch where bits[i] is false. */\n}\n\nFooStats foo(int n) {\n FooStats stats = {0, 0};\n bool bits[n > 0 ? n : 1];\n foo_rec(bits, n, 0, &stats);\n return stats;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_h":{"content":"#ifndef RECURSION_H\n#define RECURSION_H\n\ntypedef struct {\n long calls;\n long leaves;\n} FooStats;\n\nFooStats foo(int n);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/recursion.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n FooStats stats = foo(4);\n printf(\"leaves=%ld\\n\", stats.leaves);\n printf(\"calls=%ld\\n\", stats.calls);\n printf(\"tight=Theta(2^n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_c":{"content":"#include \"recursion.h\"\n#include \n\nstatic void foo_rec(bool *bits, int n, int i, FooStats *stats) {\n stats->calls++;\n\n if (i == n) {\n stats->leaves++;\n return;\n }\n\n bits[i] = true;\n foo_rec(bits, n, i + 1, stats);\n\n bits[i] = false;\n foo_rec(bits, n, i + 1, stats);\n}\n\nFooStats foo(int n) {\n FooStats stats = {0, 0};\n bool bits[n > 0 ? n : 1];\n foo_rec(bits, n, 0, &stats);\n return stats;\n}\n"},"algorithms_recursion_h":{"content":"#ifndef RECURSION_H\n#define RECURSION_H\n\ntypedef struct {\n long calls;\n long leaves;\n} FooStats;\n\nFooStats foo(int n);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Keep the base case at `i == n`."},{"message":"Assign the true branch before its recursive call."},{"message":"Assign the false branch before its recursive call."}]},"equal_pair_sums":{"title":"Detect Equal Disjoint Pair Sums","prompt":"Open `algorithms/pair_sums.c`. Implement `has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums` in `O(n²)` time. Every value is a unique positive integer smaller than `k`, so a direct table of possible sums is allowed. Examine each unordered pair once, remember the first pair that produced each sum, and return `true` when a later pair with four distinct indices reaches the same sum.","hint":"The largest possible sum is smaller than `2 * k`, so the sum itself can index a collision-free table.","help":{"concept":"Nested loops generate `Θ(n²)` pairs. A direct-address table makes each lookup and insertion `O(1)`, producing `Θ(n²)` total time and `O(k)` auxiliary space.","hint_1":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change.","hint_2":"Keep the implementation general; do not print the expected output directly."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int case1[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int case2[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n\n printf(\"case1=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case1, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"case2=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case2, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int case1[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int case2[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n\n printf(\"case1=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case1, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"case2=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case2, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int case1[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int case2[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n\n printf(\"case1=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case1, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"case2=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case2, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_pair_sums_c":{"content":"#include \"pair_sums.h\"\n\nbool has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(const int *values, size_t n, int k) {\n (void)values;\n (void)n;\n (void)k;\n /* TODO: examine each unordered pair and remember the first pair for each sum. */\n return false;\n}\n"},"algorithms_pair_sums_h":{"content":"#ifndef PAIR_SUMS_H\n#define PAIR_SUMS_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\nbool has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(const int *values, size_t n, int k);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"algorithms/pair_sums.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int case1[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n const int case2[] = {1, 2, 4, 8};\n\n printf(\"case1=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case1, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"case2=%s\\n\", has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(case2, 4, 10) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"algorithms_pair_sums_c":{"content":"$21"},"algorithms_pair_sums_h":{"content":"#ifndef PAIR_SUMS_H\n#define PAIR_SUMS_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\nbool has_equal_disjoint_pair_sums(const int *values, size_t n, int k);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Use an outer loop over the first pair index."},{"message":"Use an inner loop that visits each unordered pair once."},{"message":"Size the direct-address table from the bounded sum range."}]},"almost_balanced_bst":{"title":"Build and Rebalance an Almost-Balanced BST","prompt":"Open `structures/bst.c`. Implement `bst_build_balanced` from a sorted array and `bst_rebalance` for an arbitrary BST. The required approach is linear: inorder traversal writes the keys in sorted order, and midpoint recursion rebuilds a tree whose left and right subtree sizes differ by at most one at every node.","hint":"Use half-open array ranges. Choose one middle key as the root, then recurse on the left and right ranges.","help":{"concept":"Inorder traversal visits each node once, and midpoint construction creates each replacement node once. The two passes are `Θ(n)`, and every recursive range splits into sizes that differ by at most one.","hint_1":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change.","hint_2":"Keep the implementation general; do not print the expected output directly."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/bst.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n Node *root = NULL;\n for (int value = 1; value <= 7; value++) {\n root = bst_insert(root, value);\n }\n\n root = bst_rebalance(root);\n printf(\"balanced=%s\\n\", bst_is_almost_balanced(root) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"inorder=\");\n bst_print_inorder(root);\n printf(\"\\nheight=%d\\n\", bst_height(root));\n\n bst_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/bst.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n Node *root = NULL;\n for (int value = 1; value <= 7; value++) {\n root = bst_insert(root, value);\n }\n\n root = bst_rebalance(root);\n printf(\"balanced=%s\\n\", bst_is_almost_balanced(root) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"inorder=\");\n bst_print_inorder(root);\n printf(\"\\nheight=%d\\n\", bst_height(root));\n\n bst_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/bst.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n Node *root = NULL;\n for (int value = 1; value <= 7; value++) {\n root = bst_insert(root, value);\n }\n\n root = bst_rebalance(root);\n printf(\"balanced=%s\\n\", bst_is_almost_balanced(root) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"inorder=\");\n bst_print_inorder(root);\n printf(\"\\nheight=%d\\n\", bst_height(root));\n\n bst_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_bst_c":{"content":"$22"},"structures_bst_h":{"content":"#ifndef BST_H\n#define BST_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct Node {\n int key;\n struct Node *left;\n struct Node *right;\n struct Node *parent;\n} Node;\n\nNode *bst_insert(Node *root, int key);\nNode *bst_build_balanced(const int *sorted, size_t n);\nNode *bst_rebalance(Node *root);\nbool bst_is_almost_balanced(const Node *root);\nint bst_height(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_print_inorder(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_free(Node *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/bst.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n Node *root = NULL;\n for (int value = 1; value <= 7; value++) {\n root = bst_insert(root, value);\n }\n\n root = bst_rebalance(root);\n printf(\"balanced=%s\\n\", bst_is_almost_balanced(root) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n printf(\"inorder=\");\n bst_print_inorder(root);\n printf(\"\\nheight=%d\\n\", bst_height(root));\n\n bst_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_bst_c":{"content":"$23"},"structures_bst_h":{"content":"#ifndef BST_H\n#define BST_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct Node {\n int key;\n struct Node *left;\n struct Node *right;\n struct Node *parent;\n} Node;\n\nNode *bst_insert(Node *root, int key);\nNode *bst_build_balanced(const int *sorted, size_t n);\nNode *bst_rebalance(Node *root);\nbool bst_is_almost_balanced(const Node *root);\nint bst_height(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_print_inorder(const Node *root);\nvoid bst_free(Node *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Choose a midpoint from each sorted subrange."},{"message":"Collect the original BST keys with an inorder traversal."},{"message":"Rebuild the tree from the sorted key array."}]},"priority_queue_stacks":{"title":"Implement a Priority Queue with Stacks","prompt":"Open `structures/priority_queue.c`. Keep `insert` as one stack push. Implement `extract_min` using only `push`, `pop`, and `isEmpty` behavior: pop every priority, retain exactly one smallest value, move all other values through the scratch stack, and restore them to the data stack. Duplicate minimum priorities must be removed one at a time.","hint":"Initialize the minimum from the first pop. When a smaller value appears, move the old minimum into the scratch stack.","help":{"concept":"This design makes `insert` `O(1)`. `extract_min` performs a scan and a restore pass, both linear in the number of stored priorities, so it is `O(n)` and uses `O(n)` auxiliary stack capacity.","hint_1":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change.","hint_2":"Keep the implementation general; do not print the expected output directly."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n pq_init(&queue);\n const int values[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(values) / sizeof(values[0]); i++) {\n pq_insert(&queue, values[i]);\n }\n\n printf(\"order=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\ninsert=O(1)\\nextract=O(n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n pq_init(&queue);\n const int values[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(values) / sizeof(values[0]); i++) {\n pq_insert(&queue, values[i]);\n }\n\n printf(\"order=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\ninsert=O(1)\\nextract=O(n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n pq_init(&queue);\n const int values[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(values) / sizeof(values[0]); i++) {\n pq_insert(&queue, values[i]);\n }\n\n printf(\"order=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\ninsert=O(1)\\nextract=O(n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_c":{"content":"#include \"priority_queue.h\"\n\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue) { stack_init(&queue->data); stack_init(&queue->scratch); }\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority) { return stack_push(&queue->data, priority); }\n\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority) {\n (void)queue;\n (void)priority;\n /* TODO: pop through data, keep one minimum aside, then restore all other values. */\n return false;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_h":{"content":"#ifndef PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n#define PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n\n#include \n#include \"stack.h\"\n\ntypedef struct { Stack data; Stack scratch; } PriorityQueue;\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue);\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority);\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority);\n\n#endif\n"},"structures_stack_c":{"content":"#include \"stack.h\"\n\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack) { stack->size = 0; }\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value) { if (stack->size == STACK_CAPACITY) return false; stack->values[stack->size++] = value; return true; }\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value) { if (stack->size == 0) return false; *value = stack->values[--stack->size]; return true; }\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack) { return stack->size == 0; }\n"},"structures_stack_h":{"content":"#ifndef STACK_H\n#define STACK_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\n#define STACK_CAPACITY 64\n\ntypedef struct { int values[STACK_CAPACITY]; size_t size; } Stack;\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack);\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value);\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value);\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/priority_queue.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n PriorityQueue queue;\n pq_init(&queue);\n const int values[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 2};\n for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(values) / sizeof(values[0]); i++) {\n pq_insert(&queue, values[i]);\n }\n\n printf(\"order=\");\n int value;\n while (pq_extract_min(&queue, &value)) {\n printf(\"%d \", value);\n }\n printf(\"\\ninsert=O(1)\\nextract=O(n)\\n\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_c":{"content":"#include \"priority_queue.h\"\n\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue) { stack_init(&queue->data); stack_init(&queue->scratch); }\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority) { return stack_push(&queue->data, priority); }\n\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority) {\n if (stack_is_empty(&queue->data)) return false;\n\n int minimum;\n stack_pop(&queue->data, &minimum);\n\n int current;\n while (stack_pop(&queue->data, ¤t)) {\n if (current < minimum) {\n stack_push(&queue->scratch, minimum);\n minimum = current;\n } else {\n stack_push(&queue->scratch, current);\n }\n }\n\n while (stack_pop(&queue->scratch, ¤t)) {\n stack_push(&queue->data, current);\n }\n\n *priority = minimum;\n return true;\n}\n"},"structures_priority_queue_h":{"content":"#ifndef PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n#define PRIORITY_QUEUE_H\n\n#include \n#include \"stack.h\"\n\ntypedef struct { Stack data; Stack scratch; } PriorityQueue;\nvoid pq_init(PriorityQueue *queue);\nbool pq_insert(PriorityQueue *queue, int priority);\nbool pq_extract_min(PriorityQueue *queue, int *priority);\n\n#endif\n"},"structures_stack_c":{"content":"#include \"stack.h\"\n\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack) { stack->size = 0; }\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value) { if (stack->size == STACK_CAPACITY) return false; stack->values[stack->size++] = value; return true; }\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value) { if (stack->size == 0) return false; *value = stack->values[--stack->size]; return true; }\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack) { return stack->size == 0; }\n"},"structures_stack_h":{"content":"#ifndef STACK_H\n#define STACK_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\n#define STACK_CAPACITY 64\n\ntypedef struct { int values[STACK_CAPACITY]; size_t size; } Stack;\nvoid stack_init(Stack *stack);\nbool stack_push(Stack *stack, int value);\nbool stack_pop(Stack *stack, int *value);\nbool stack_is_empty(const Stack *stack);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Scan the data stack using only pop operations."},{"message":"Use the scratch stack to preserve every nonremoved priority."},{"message":"Return exactly one minimum priority."}]},"pointer_heap_insert":{"title":"Insert into a Pointer-Based Heap in O(log n)","prompt":"Open `structures/heap.c`. Implement `heap_insert` without scanning the tree. The next node occupies conceptual array index `n + 1`. Read that index in binary: after the leading `1`, each remaining bit selects left (`0`) or right (`1`). Traverse all path bits except the final attachment bit, link the new node with its parent, then upheap by swapping keys.","hint":"For index `8`, binary `1000` means root → left → left, then attach as the left child.","help":{"concept":"The complete-tree height is `Θ(log n)`. Decoding the index path takes one pointer step per tree level, and upheap also moves at most one level at a time, so insertion is `Θ(log n)`.","hint_1":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change.","hint_2":"Keep the implementation general; do not print the expected output directly."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/heap.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int initial[] = {10, 20, 15, 30, 40, 50, 60};\n HeapNode *root = heap_from_level_order(initial, 7);\n root = heap_insert(root, 7, 5);\n\n printf(\"level=\");\n heap_print_level_order(root);\n printf(\"\\nparent-links=%s\\n\", heap_parent_links_valid(root, NULL) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n\n heap_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"structures/heap.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int initial[] = {10, 20, 15, 30, 40, 50, 60};\n HeapNode *root = heap_from_level_order(initial, 7);\n root = heap_insert(root, 7, 5);\n\n printf(\"level=\");\n heap_print_level_order(root);\n printf(\"\\nparent-links=%s\\n\", heap_parent_links_valid(root, NULL) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n\n heap_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/heap.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int initial[] = {10, 20, 15, 30, 40, 50, 60};\n HeapNode *root = heap_from_level_order(initial, 7);\n root = heap_insert(root, 7, 5);\n\n printf(\"level=\");\n heap_print_level_order(root);\n printf(\"\\nparent-links=%s\\n\", heap_parent_links_valid(root, NULL) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n\n heap_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_heap_c":{"content":"$24"},"structures_heap_h":{"content":"#ifndef HEAP_H\n#define HEAP_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct HeapNode {\n int key;\n struct HeapNode *left;\n struct HeapNode *right;\n struct HeapNode *parent;\n} HeapNode;\n\nHeapNode *heap_from_level_order(const int *values, size_t n);\nHeapNode *heap_insert(HeapNode *root, size_t n, int value);\nvoid heap_print_level_order(const HeapNode *root);\nbool heap_parent_links_valid(const HeapNode *root, const HeapNode *parent);\nvoid heap_free(HeapNode *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"structures/heap.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const int initial[] = {10, 20, 15, 30, 40, 50, 60};\n HeapNode *root = heap_from_level_order(initial, 7);\n root = heap_insert(root, 7, 5);\n\n printf(\"level=\");\n heap_print_level_order(root);\n printf(\"\\nparent-links=%s\\n\", heap_parent_links_valid(root, NULL) ? \"yes\" : \"no\");\n\n heap_free(root);\n return 0;\n}\n"},"structures_heap_c":{"content":"$25"},"structures_heap_h":{"content":"#ifndef HEAP_H\n#define HEAP_H\n\n#include \n#include \n\ntypedef struct HeapNode {\n int key;\n struct HeapNode *left;\n struct HeapNode *right;\n struct HeapNode *parent;\n} HeapNode;\n\nHeapNode *heap_from_level_order(const int *values, size_t n);\nHeapNode *heap_insert(HeapNode *root, size_t n, int value);\nvoid heap_print_level_order(const HeapNode *root);\nbool heap_parent_links_valid(const HeapNode *root, const HeapNode *parent);\nvoid heap_free(HeapNode *root);\n\n#endif\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Use the conceptual next array index."},{"message":"Find the leading binary bit before traversing the path."},{"message":"Maintain parent links and use them during upheap."}]}}},"quiz":{"recurrence":{"title":"Which recurrence matches fooRec when printing a completed list is O(1)?","prompt":"Which recurrence matches fooRec when printing a completed list is O(1)?","hint":"Trace the relevant animation and identify the operation that dominates the runtime.","help":{"concept":"Every non-base call performs constant local work and makes two calls with one fewer undecided position.","hint_1":"Separate correctness from runtime: first identify what the algorithm must do.","hint_2":"Then count the loops, recursion branches, stack transfers, or pointer levels involved."},"options":{"a":"T(n) = T(n - 1) + Θ(1)","b":"T(n) = 2T(n - 1) + Θ(1)","c":"T(n) = T(n / 2) + Θ(n)","d":"T(n) = 2T(n / 2) + Θ(n)"}},"tight-bound":{"title":"What tight bound follows after unrolling the recurrence?","prompt":"What tight bound follows after unrolling the recurrence?","hint":"Trace the relevant animation and identify the operation that dominates the runtime.","help":{"concept":"The recursion tree doubles at every level and has 2^n leaves.","hint_1":"Separate correctness from runtime: first identify what the algorithm must do.","hint_2":"Then count the loops, recursion branches, stack transfers, or pointer levels involved."},"options":{"a":"Θ(log n)","b":"Θ(n)","c":"Θ(n²)","d":"Θ(2^n)"}},"same-bst":{"title":"Which two insertion orders generate the same BST?","prompt":"Which two insertion orders generate the same BST?","hint":"Trace the relevant animation and identify the operation that dominates the runtime.","help":{"concept":"The root must remain 4, and the relative insertion order must preserve the same left and right ancestor relationships.","hint_1":"Separate correctness from runtime: first identify what the algorithm must do.","hint_2":"Then count the loops, recursion branches, stack transfers, or pointer levels involved."},"options":{"a":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (4, 6, 2, 5, 7, 1, 3)","b":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)","c":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1)","d":"(4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7) and (4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 6, 7)"}},"pair-sum-table":{"title":"Why can the O(n²) pair-sum algorithm use a direct-address table?","prompt":"Why can the O(n²) pair-sum algorithm use a direct-address table?","hint":"Trace the relevant animation and identify the operation that dominates the runtime.","help":{"concept":"The bounded value range turns each possible sum into a valid table index, so no hash function is needed.","hint_1":"Separate correctness from runtime: first identify what the algorithm must do.","hint_2":"Then count the loops, recursion branches, stack transfers, or pointer levels involved."},"options":{"a":"The input is already sorted.","b":"Every pair has a different sum.","c":"Each value is positive and smaller than k, so every sum is in a bounded range below 2k.","d":"C arrays automatically resolve hash collisions."}},"operation-costs":{"title":"Which runtime combination matches the lesson designs?","prompt":"Which runtime combination matches the lesson designs?","hint":"Trace the relevant animation and identify the operation that dominates the runtime.","help":{"concept":"The stack design defers work to extraction, while the heap follows one root-to-leaf path and then upheaps along that path.","hint_1":"Separate correctness from runtime: first identify what the algorithm must do.","hint_2":"Then count the loops, recursion branches, stack transfers, or pointer levels involved."},"options":{"a":"stack-PQ insert O(1), extractMin O(n), pointer-heap insert Θ(log n)","b":"stack-PQ insert O(n), extractMin O(1), pointer-heap insert Θ(n)","c":"stack-PQ insert O(log n), extractMin O(log n), pointer-heap insert Θ(1)","d":"all three operations are Θ(n²)"}}}}}},"c-runtime-analysis-asymptotics":{"c-runtime-analysis-asymptotics-module-1-frequency-counting":{"constant-and-rectangular-loops":{"label":"Fixed and Rectangular Nested Loops","summary":"Compare Foo1’s fixed strip with Foo2’s growing square.","cards":{"foo1-foo2-walkthrough":{"title":"Foo1 and Foo2: Fixed Width versus an n × n Rectangle"},"rectangle-animation":{"title":"Fixed Strip versus Growing Rectangle"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"count_foo1_foo2":{"title":"Derive Exact Counts for Foo1 and Foo2"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"count_foo1_foo2":{"title":"Derive Exact Counts for Foo1 and Foo2","prompt":"Complete the four helpers in `analysis.c`. Count tuple-print calls separately from all `printf` calls. Use formulas rather than reproducing the printing loops.","hint":"Foo1 adds one newline to each group of three tuple prints. Foo2 adds one newline to each row of n tuple prints.","help":{"concept":"The exact tuple counts are `3n` and `n²`; total printf counts are `4n` and `n²+n`.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"foo1 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n\\n\", foo1_tuple_prints(n), foo1_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo2 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo2_tuple_prints(n), foo2_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"foo1 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n\\n\", foo1_tuple_prints(n), foo1_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo2 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo2_tuple_prints(n), foo2_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"foo1 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n\\n\", foo1_tuple_prints(n), foo1_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo2 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo2_tuple_prints(n), foo2_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo1_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo1_all_printf_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo2_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo2_all_printf_calls(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo1_tuple_prints(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo1_all_printf_calls(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo2_tuple_prints(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo2_all_printf_calls(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"foo1 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n\\n\", foo1_tuple_prints(n), foo1_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo2 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo2_tuple_prints(n), foo2_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo1_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo1_all_printf_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo2_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo2_all_printf_calls(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo1_tuple_prints(long long n) { return 3 * n; }\nlong long foo1_all_printf_calls(long long n) { return 4 * n; }\nlong long foo2_tuple_prints(long long n) { return n * n; }\nlong long foo2_all_printf_calls(long long n) { return n * n + n; }\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Foo1 has exactly three tuple prints per row."},{"message":"Foo2 forms an n by n rectangle."},{"message":"Include one newline call for each Foo2 row."}]}}},"quiz":{"foo1-reason":{"title":"Why Foo1 is linear","prompt":"Why is Foo1 Θ(n) even though it contains two loops?","hint":"Ask whether the inner bound grows with n.","help":{"concept":"A fixed inner bound contributes a constant factor, so 3n is Θ(n).","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Nested loops are always linear","b":"The inner loop runs a fixed 3 times","c":"printf is constant-time only outside loops","d":"The outer loop runs once"}},"foo2-all":{"title":"Count every printf","prompt":"How many total printf calls does Foo2 make, including newlines?","hint":"There is one newline after each row.","help":{"concept":"The n² tuple prints plus n newline prints give n²+n.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"n²","b":"2n","c":"n²+n","d":"n³"}}}},"dependent-triangular-loops":{"label":"Dependent Inner Loops Form Triangles","summary":"Derive Foo3 by summing row lengths.","cards":{"foo3-walkthrough":{"title":"Foo3: Sum a Dependent Inner Loop"},"triangle-animation":{"title":"Build the Triangular Count One Row at a Time"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"count_foo3":{"title":"Count Foo3’s Triangle"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"count_foo3":{"title":"Count Foo3’s Triangle","prompt":"Complete `foo3_tuple_prints` by accumulating each row length. Then include the `n` newline calls in `foo3_all_printf_calls`.","hint":"The inner loop runs i times for the current row.","help":{"concept":"A dependent inner loop becomes a sum over i. The exact tuple count is n(n−1)/2.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 7;\n printf(\"foo3 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo3_tuple_prints(n), foo3_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 7;\n printf(\"foo3 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo3_tuple_prints(n), foo3_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 7;\n printf(\"foo3 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo3_tuple_prints(n), foo3_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo3_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo3_all_printf_calls(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo3_tuple_prints(long long n) {\n /* TODO: add row lengths 0 through n - 1. */\n return 0;\n}\nlong long foo3_all_printf_calls(long long n) {\n /* TODO: include one newline for every outer iteration. */\n return 0;\n}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 7;\n printf(\"foo3 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^2\\n\", foo3_tuple_prints(n), foo3_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo3_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo3_all_printf_calls(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo3_tuple_prints(long long n) {\n long long total = 0;\n for (long long i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n total += i;\n }\n return total;\n}\nlong long foo3_all_printf_calls(long long n) {\n return foo3_tuple_prints(n) + n;\n}\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Add the current row length i to the running count."},{"message":"Add one newline for each outer-loop iteration."}]}}},"quiz":{"triangle-exact":{"title":"Exact triangular count","prompt":"What is the exact number of tuple prints in Foo3?","hint":"Write the row lengths from i=0 through i=n−1.","help":{"concept":"The sum 0+1+...+(n−1) equals n(n−1)/2.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"n²","b":"n(n−1)/2","c":"n(n+1)","d":"n−1"}},"triangle-theta":{"title":"Tight bound","prompt":"Why is n(n−1)/2 still Θ(n²)?","hint":"Expand the expression.","help":{"concept":"n(n−1)/2 = (n²−n)/2 has dominant term n²/2.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"The 1/2 factor changes only the constant","b":"Every triangle is a square","c":"The −n term becomes exponential","d":"Θ ignores n"}}}},"frequency-count-method":{"label":"The Frequency-Count Method","summary":"Trace first, derive the exact count, then classify.","cards":{"method-overview":{"title":"The Tutor-Style Frequency-Count Method"},"method-animation":{"title":"Think → Trace → Count → Sum → Simplify → Classify"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"count_patterns":{"title":"Count Three Common Loop Shapes"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"count_patterns":{"title":"Count Three Common Loop Shapes","prompt":"Open `analysis.c`. Complete the three exact-count helpers. Use multiplication for the fixed strip and square, and the arithmetic-series formula for the triangle. Do not simulate enormous loops.","hint":"The triangle contains `0 + 1 + ... + (n - 1)` points.","help":{"concept":"Exact counts come before asymptotic labels. The functions should return `n·width`, `n²`, and `n(n−1)/2`.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 5;\n printf(\"n=%lld\\n\", n);\n printf(\"constant=%lld\\n\", count_constant_inner(n, 3));\n printf(\"square=%lld\\n\", count_square(n));\n printf(\"triangle=%lld\\n\", count_triangle(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 5;\n printf(\"n=%lld\\n\", n);\n printf(\"constant=%lld\\n\", count_constant_inner(n, 3));\n printf(\"square=%lld\\n\", count_square(n));\n printf(\"triangle=%lld\\n\", count_triangle(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 5;\n printf(\"n=%lld\\n\", n);\n printf(\"constant=%lld\\n\", count_constant_inner(n, 3));\n printf(\"square=%lld\\n\", count_square(n));\n printf(\"triangle=%lld\\n\", count_triangle(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long count_constant_inner(long long n, long long width);\nlong long count_square(long long n);\nlong long count_triangle(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\n\nlong long count_constant_inner(long long n, long long width) {\n /* TODO: exact count for n rows of fixed width. */\n return 0;\n}\n\nlong long count_square(long long n) {\n /* TODO: exact count for an n by n rectangle. */\n return 0;\n}\n\nlong long count_triangle(long long n) {\n /* TODO: exact count for row lengths 0 through n - 1. */\n return 0;\n}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\n\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 5;\n printf(\"n=%lld\\n\", n);\n printf(\"constant=%lld\\n\", count_constant_inner(n, 3));\n printf(\"square=%lld\\n\", count_square(n));\n printf(\"triangle=%lld\\n\", count_triangle(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long count_constant_inner(long long n, long long width);\nlong long count_square(long long n);\nlong long count_triangle(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\n\nlong long count_constant_inner(long long n, long long width) {\n return n * width;\n}\n\nlong long count_square(long long n) {\n return n * n;\n}\n\nlong long count_triangle(long long n) {\n return n * (n - 1) / 2;\n}\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Multiply the number of rows by the fixed inner width."},{"message":"Use n times n for the rectangular pattern."},{"message":"Use the arithmetic-series formula for the triangle."}]}}},"quiz":{"fixed-inner":{"title":"Fixed inner loop","prompt":"An outer loop runs n times and its inner loop always runs 3 times. What is the tight bound?","hint":"The inner bound is a constant, not n.","help":{"concept":"The exact body count is 3n, and constant factors disappear in Θ notation.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Θ(1)","b":"Θ(log n)","c":"Θ(n)","d":"Θ(n²)"}},"sequential-rule":{"title":"Sequential blocks","prompt":"Two separate loops each run n times. How are their costs combined?","hint":"The second loop is not inside the first.","help":{"concept":"Sequential work adds: n + n = 2n = Θ(n).","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Multiply them to get n²","b":"Add them to get 2n","c":"Keep only the first loop","d":"Treat them as logarithmic"}}}},"moving-loop-bounds":{"label":"Moving Loop Bounds and Cubic Work","summary":"Analyze Foo4 and Foo4_5 with exact interval counts.","cards":{"foo4-walkthrough":{"title":"Foo4 and Foo4_5: Cubic Work with Moving Bounds"},"moving-bounds-animation":{"title":"Rectangle Plus or Minus a Triangular Correction"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"count_foo4_variants":{"title":"Count Foo4 and Foo4_5 Exactly"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"count_foo4_variants":{"title":"Count Foo4 and Foo4_5 Exactly","prompt":"Complete all four helpers. Use the integer-interval length for Foo4 and subtract the triangular correction for Foo4_5.","hint":"For Foo4_5, sum n²−i over i=0 through n−1.","help":{"concept":"Foo4 is n(n²−n). Foo4_5 is n³−n(n−1)/2. Both are Θ(n³).","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 4;\n printf(\"foo4 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo4_tuple_prints(n), foo4_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo45 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo45_tuple_prints(n), foo45_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 4;\n printf(\"foo4 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo4_tuple_prints(n), foo4_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo45 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo45_tuple_prints(n), foo45_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 4;\n printf(\"foo4 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo4_tuple_prints(n), foo4_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo45 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo45_tuple_prints(n), foo45_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo4_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo4_all_printf_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo45_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo45_all_printf_calls(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo4_tuple_prints(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo4_all_printf_calls(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo45_tuple_prints(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo45_all_printf_calls(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 4;\n printf(\"foo4 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo4_tuple_prints(n), foo4_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo45 tuples=%lld all=%lld theta=n^3\\n\", foo45_tuple_prints(n), foo45_all_printf_calls(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo4_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo4_all_printf_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo45_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo45_all_printf_calls(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo4_tuple_prints(long long n) { return n * (n * n - n); }\nlong long foo4_all_printf_calls(long long n) { return foo4_tuple_prints(n) + n; }\nlong long foo45_tuple_prints(long long n) { return n * n * n - n * (n - 1) / 2; }\nlong long foo45_all_printf_calls(long long n) { return foo45_tuple_prints(n) + n; }\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Count n rows of width n²−n for Foo4."},{"message":"Subtract the triangular lower-bound correction for Foo4_5."},{"message":"Include one newline for each outer-loop row."}]}}},"quiz":{"foo4-row":{"title":"One Foo4 row","prompt":"How many tuple prints occur in one Foo4 row?","hint":"Count integers from n through n²−1.","help":{"concept":"The interval length is n²−n.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"n","b":"n²","c":"n²−n","d":"n³−n²"}},"foo45-row":{"title":"One Foo4_5 row","prompt":"How many tuple prints occur in Foo4_5 row i?","hint":"The loop starts at i and stops before n².","help":{"concept":"The interval i through n²−1 contains n²−i values.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"i","b":"n²−i","c":"n−i","d":"n²+i"}}}},"sequential-loops-and-linear-recursion":{"label":"Sequential Loops and Linear Recursion","summary":"Finish the runtime-analysis set with Foo5 and Foo6.","cards":{"foo5-foo6-walkthrough":{"title":"Foo5 and Foo6: Add Sequential Work and Trace a Call Chain"},"sequential-recursion-animation":{"title":"Add Blocks; Follow Recursive Calls"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"count_foo5_foo6":{"title":"Count Sequential Loops and a Recursive Chain"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"count_foo5_foo6":{"title":"Count Sequential Loops and a Recursive Chain","prompt":"Complete the five helpers. Keep tuple prints, total calls, and stack depth distinct.","hint":"Foo6 makes one extra base-case call after the last printed pair.","help":{"concept":"Sequential loops add. A single recursive call per level forms a chain with n printed levels and one additional base-case call.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 8;\n printf(\"foo5 tuples=%lld all=%lld\\n\", foo5_tuple_prints(n), foo5_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo6 tuples=%lld calls=%lld stack=%lld\\n\", foo6_tuple_prints(n), foo6_total_calls(n), foo6_stack_depth(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 8;\n printf(\"foo5 tuples=%lld all=%lld\\n\", foo5_tuple_prints(n), foo5_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo6 tuples=%lld calls=%lld stack=%lld\\n\", foo6_tuple_prints(n), foo6_total_calls(n), foo6_stack_depth(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 8;\n printf(\"foo5 tuples=%lld all=%lld\\n\", foo5_tuple_prints(n), foo5_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo6 tuples=%lld calls=%lld stack=%lld\\n\", foo6_tuple_prints(n), foo6_total_calls(n), foo6_stack_depth(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo5_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo5_all_printf_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo6_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo6_total_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo6_stack_depth(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo5_tuple_prints(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo5_all_printf_calls(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo6_tuple_prints(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo6_total_calls(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long foo6_stack_depth(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"analysis.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 8;\n printf(\"foo5 tuples=%lld all=%lld\\n\", foo5_tuple_prints(n), foo5_all_printf_calls(n));\n printf(\"foo6 tuples=%lld calls=%lld stack=%lld\\n\", foo6_tuple_prints(n), foo6_total_calls(n), foo6_stack_depth(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"analysis_h":{"content":"#ifndef ANALYSIS_H\n#define ANALYSIS_H\nlong long foo5_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo5_all_printf_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo6_tuple_prints(long long n);\nlong long foo6_total_calls(long long n);\nlong long foo6_stack_depth(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"analysis_c":{"content":"#include \"analysis.h\"\nlong long foo5_tuple_prints(long long n) { return n + n; }\nlong long foo5_all_printf_calls(long long n) { return foo5_tuple_prints(n) + 2; }\nlong long foo6_tuple_prints(long long n) { return n; }\nlong long foo6_total_calls(long long n) { return n + 1; }\nlong long foo6_stack_depth(long long n) { return n; }\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Add the two sequential Foo5 loop counts."},{"message":"Include Foo6’s final base-case call."},{"message":"Report linear tuple prints and stack depth."}]}}},"quiz":{"sequential-cost":{"title":"Sequential loops","prompt":"Two separate n-iteration loops have what combined tight bound?","hint":"Add the two blocks.","help":{"concept":"n+n=2n, and constant factors do not change Θ.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Θ(1)","b":"Θ(n)","c":"Θ(n²)","d":"Θ(2ⁿ)"}},"foo6-base":{"title":"Foo6 base case","prompt":"Does the call Foo6(n,n,n) print a pair?","hint":"Read the order of statements.","help":{"concept":"The base-case test runs first, so the final call returns without printing.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Yes, before testing the base case","b":"Yes, because n is included","c":"No, it returns before printing","d":"Only when n is even"}}}}},"c-runtime-analysis-asymptotics-module-2-limit-method":{"big-o-omega-theta-by-limits":{"label":"Big-O, Big-Ω, and Big-Θ by Limits","summary":"Use one ratio and interpret its limiting outcome.","cards":{"limit-rule":{"title":"Classify Growth with the Ratio Limit"},"limit-outcomes-animation":{"title":"Three Possible Ratio Outcomes"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"quiz":{"limit-zero":{"title":"Ratio equals zero","prompt":"If lim f(n)/g(n)=0, which requested classification is correct?","hint":"f becomes small relative to g.","help":{"concept":"A zero ratio means f grows strictly slower, so f=O(g).","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=Ω(g)","b":"f=Θ(g)","c":"f=O(g)","d":"g=O(f) only"}},"limit-constant":{"title":"Positive finite ratio","prompt":"If lim f(n)/g(n)=3/2, what follows?","hint":"A positive finite constant indicates matching rates.","help":{"concept":"Constant-factor differences are exactly what Θ ignores.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=Θ(g)","b":"f=O(1)","c":"f=Ω(2ⁿ)","d":"No asymptotic relation"}},"limit-infinity":{"title":"Ratio diverges","prompt":"If lim f(n)/g(n)=∞, what follows?","hint":"The numerator dominates the denominator.","help":{"concept":"An infinite ratio means f grows strictly faster than g.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=O(g)","b":"f=Ω(g)","c":"f=Θ(g)","d":"f=Θ(1)"}}}},"exponential-limits-and-growth-order":{"label":"Exponential Comparisons and Growth Ordering","summary":"Finish the limit problems and order the major growth classes.","cards":{"exponential-and-ordering":{"title":"Exponential Limits and the Standard Growth Hierarchy"},"growth-order-animation":{"title":"Watch Growth Classes Separate"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"quiz":{"exp-poly":{"title":"Exponential over polynomial","prompt":"What is the relation between f=2ⁿ and g=10n²?","hint":"Exponentials eventually dominate fixed-degree polynomials.","help":{"concept":"The ratio 2ⁿ/(10n²) tends to infinity.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=O(g)","b":"f=Θ(g)","c":"f=Ω(g)","d":"Both are logarithmic"}},"two-vs-four":{"title":"Subtract exponents","prompt":"What is 2ⁿ relative to 2²ⁿ?","hint":"Simplify the ratio by subtracting exponents.","help":{"concept":"2ⁿ/2²ⁿ=2⁻ⁿ tends to zero.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Θ","b":"O","c":"Ω","d":"Equal for every n"}},"correct-order":{"title":"Growth order","prompt":"Which order is correct from slowest to fastest?","hint":"Use logarithm, powers, polynomial, exponential, factorial.","help":{"concept":"The standard hierarchy places factorial last and logarithm first.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"n < log n < n² < 2ⁿ","b":"log n < √n < n < n log n < n² < 2ⁿ < n!","c":"n! < 2ⁿ < n² < n","d":"√n < log n < n! < n"}},"factorial-reason":{"title":"Why factorial wins","prompt":"Why does n! eventually outgrow 2ⁿ?","hint":"Compare the factors in the product n!.","help":{"concept":"As n grows, multiplying by 3,4,5,... beats multiplying by 2 at every step.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Factorials are constants","b":"Most later factors in n! exceed 2","c":"2ⁿ decreases","d":"n! equals n²"}}}},"limit-method-review":{"label":"Limit-Method Review Lab","summary":"Use sampled ratios to support, not replace, symbolic conclusions.","cards":{"limit-review":{"title":"Limit-Method Review: Compute, Interpret, State"},"limit-review-animation":{"title":"A Repeatable Limit Decision Flow"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"sample_ratios":{"title":"Sample Three Ratios in C"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"sample_ratios":{"title":"Sample Three Ratios in C","prompt":"Complete the three ratio functions. The output should numerically support the symbolic limits without replacing them.","hint":"Rewrite the exponential ratio as a repeated factor of 2/3.","help":{"concept":"Numerical values should move toward the limits derived in the lesson: 1.5, 0, and 0.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"ratios.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"poly_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", polynomial_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"degree_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", lower_degree_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"exp_ratio_n20=%.6f\\n\", exponential_ratio(20));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"ratios.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"poly_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", polynomial_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"degree_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", lower_degree_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"exp_ratio_n20=%.6f\\n\", exponential_ratio(20));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"ratios.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"poly_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", polynomial_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"degree_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", lower_degree_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"exp_ratio_n20=%.6f\\n\", exponential_ratio(20));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"ratios_h":{"content":"#ifndef RATIOS_H\n#define RATIOS_H\ndouble polynomial_ratio(double n);\ndouble lower_degree_ratio(double n);\ndouble exponential_ratio(int n);\n#endif\n"},"ratios_c":{"content":"#include \"ratios.h\"\ndouble polynomial_ratio(double n) { (void)n; return 0.0; }\ndouble lower_degree_ratio(double n) { (void)n; return 0.0; }\ndouble exponential_ratio(int n) { (void)n; return 0.0; }\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"ratios.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"poly_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", polynomial_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"degree_ratio_n1000=%.6f\\n\", lower_degree_ratio(1000.0));\n printf(\"exp_ratio_n20=%.6f\\n\", exponential_ratio(20));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"ratios_h":{"content":"#ifndef RATIOS_H\n#define RATIOS_H\ndouble polynomial_ratio(double n);\ndouble lower_degree_ratio(double n);\ndouble exponential_ratio(int n);\n#endif\n"},"ratios_c":{"content":"#include \"ratios.h\"\ndouble polynomial_ratio(double n) { return (3.0 * n * n + 7.0 * n) / (2.0 * n * n); }\ndouble lower_degree_ratio(double n) { return (2.0 * n * n * n * n - 3.0 * n * n + 7.0) / (n * n * n * n * n); }\ndouble exponential_ratio(int n) {\n double ratio = 1.0;\n for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ratio *= 2.0 / 3.0;\n return ratio;\n}\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Build the polynomial numerator explicitly."},{"message":"Use n⁵ in the lower-degree comparison denominator."},{"message":"Build (2/3)^n as repeated multiplication."}]}}},"quiz":{"sampling-proof":{"title":"Sampling versus proof","prompt":"What role does the C sampling lab play?","hint":"Finite samples cannot establish an infinite-limit claim.","help":{"concept":"Sampling is a useful sanity check; algebra and limits provide the proof.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"It proves the limit for all n","b":"It checks the expected numerical trend","c":"It replaces asymptotic notation","d":"It makes constants irrelevant"}},"ratio-direction":{"title":"Keep the ratio direction","prompt":"Why must you compute f/g in the order requested?","hint":"Compare L with its reciprocal.","help":{"concept":"If f/g tends to 0, then g/f tends to infinity.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Because addition is not commutative","b":"Because reversing the ratio swaps zero and infinity","c":"Because g/f is undefined","d":"Because Θ uses subtraction"}}}},"polynomial-and-log-limit-comparisons":{"label":"Polynomial and Logarithmic Limit Comparisons","summary":"Work through the handout’s first eight ratio problems.","cards":{"worked-limits-one-eight":{"title":"Worked Limit Comparisons: Constants, Polynomials, and Logs"},"polynomial-log-animation":{"title":"Cancel, Normalize, or Differentiate"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"quiz":{"poly-same-degree":{"title":"Same polynomial degree","prompt":"For f=3n²+7n and g=2n², what is the relation?","hint":"Divide numerator and denominator by n².","help":{"concept":"The ratio tends to 3/2, a positive finite constant.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=O(g) only","b":"f=Ω(g) only","c":"f=Θ(g)","d":"No relation"}},"lower-degree":{"title":"Lower numerator degree","prompt":"For f=2n⁴−3n²+7 and g=n⁵, what is the relation?","hint":"Compare the highest polynomial degrees.","help":{"concept":"The ratio tends to 0 because degree 4 grows more slowly than degree 5.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=O(g)","b":"f=Ω(g)","c":"f=Θ(g)","d":"f=Θ(2ⁿ)"}},"log-square":{"title":"Polynomial versus log","prompt":"For f=n and g=(log n)², what is the relation?","hint":"Any positive power of n outruns a fixed log power.","help":{"concept":"The ratio n/(log n)² tends to infinity.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=O(g)","b":"f=Θ(g)","c":"f=Ω(g)","d":"Both are constant"}},"nlog-over-log":{"title":"Cancel the log factor","prompt":"For f=n log n+n and g=log n, what is the relation?","hint":"Divide each numerator term by log n.","help":{"concept":"The ratio is n+n/log n, which tends to infinity.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"f=O(g)","b":"f=Ω(g)","c":"f=Θ(g)","d":"f=Θ(1)"}}}}},"c-runtime-analysis-asymptotics-module-3-inequality-proofs":{"inequality-definition-recipe-and-big-o":{"label":"Big-O Proofs from the Definition","summary":"Prove two upper bounds and repair an invalid threshold.","cards":{"big-o-proofs":{"title":"Use the Inequality Definition to Prove Big-O"},"big-o-proof-animation":{"title":"Choose Constants, Then Validate the Threshold"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"quiz":{"poly-big-o-constants":{"title":"Valid polynomial constants","prompt":"Which pair proves 10n²=O(n³)?","hint":"Substitute the constants into 10n²≤cn³.","help":{"concept":"With c=10, the inequality reduces to 1≤n.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"c=1,n₀=1","b":"c=10,n₀=1","c":"c=0,n₀=1","d":"c=1,n₀=0 only"}},"exp-counterexample":{"title":"Check n₀","prompt":"Why is c=1,n₀=2 invalid for n²≤2ⁿ?","hint":"Test the next few integers.","help":{"concept":"At n=3, 9≤8 is false.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"n=2 fails","b":"n=3 fails","c":"n=4 fails","d":"c must be negative"}},"big-o-nonunique":{"title":"Constants are not unique","prompt":"What is required of Big-O constants?","hint":"The definition asks for existence, not optimality.","help":{"concept":"Big-O proofs only need one valid positive c and one valid threshold n₀.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"They must be the smallest possible","b":"Any positive pair that makes the inequality hold eventually is enough","c":"c must equal 1","d":"n₀ must equal 0"}}}},"prove-big-omega-bounds":{"label":"A Big-Ω Inequality Proof","summary":"Prove the cubic eventually stays above the quadratic expression.","cards":{"omega-proof":{"title":"Prove a Big-Ω Lower Bound"},"omega-proof-animation":{"title":"Build a Lower-Bound Inequality Chain"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"quiz":{"omega-direction":{"title":"Ω inequality direction","prompt":"Which inequality matches T(n)=Ω(g(n))?","hint":"Ω is a lower bound on T.","help":{"concept":"A positive multiple of g must lie below T eventually.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"0≤T(n)≤cg(n)","b":"0≤cg(n)≤T(n)","c":"T(n)=g(n) for all n","d":"cg(n)≤0"}},"omega-threshold":{"title":"Why n₀=2?","prompt":"Why does the proof choose n₀=2?","hint":"Inspect the final comparison 3n²≤2n³.","help":{"concept":"Dividing by n² gives 3≤2n, which is true for n≥2.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Because n²+n+1 is negative before 2","b":"Because 3≤2n begins at n=2","c":"Because c must equal n₀","d":"Because cubic functions start at 2"}},"omega-middle":{"title":"Purpose of 3n²","prompt":"Why introduce 3n² in the proof?","hint":"The middle expression should connect the two sides.","help":{"concept":"Bounding all three terms by n² makes the comparison simple.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"To make the expression exponential","b":"To create an easy upper bound for n²+n+1 that still lies below 2n³","c":"To change Ω into O","d":"To eliminate n₀"}}}},"prove-big-theta-bounds":{"label":"A Big-Θ Inequality Proof","summary":"Prove a cubic polynomial has tight cubic growth.","cards":{"theta-proof":{"title":"Prove a Two-Sided Big-Θ Bound"},"theta-proof-animation":{"title":"Squeeze a Polynomial Between Two Cubics"},"guided-lab":{"title":"Guided C Lab"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"verify_theta_bounds":{"title":"Sanity-Check the Θ Constants in C"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"verify_theta_bounds":{"title":"Sanity-Check the Θ Constants in C","prompt":"Complete `theta_bounds_hold`. Avoid floating point by multiplying the lower inequality by 2. The finite test supports the algebraic proof but does not replace it.","hint":"Check `n³ <= 2T(n)` for the lower bound and `T(n) <= 2n³` for the upper bound.","help":{"concept":"The chosen constants are c₁=1/2, c₂=2, and n₀=7.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"bounds.h\"\nint main(void) {\n int valid = 1;\n for (long long n = 7; n <= 50; n++) {\n if (!theta_bounds_hold(n)) valid = 0;\n }\n printf(\"n0=7\\nchecked_through=50\\nstatus=%s\\n\", valid ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"bounds.h\"\nint main(void) {\n int valid = 1;\n for (long long n = 7; n <= 50; n++) {\n if (!theta_bounds_hold(n)) valid = 0;\n }\n printf(\"n0=7\\nchecked_through=50\\nstatus=%s\\n\", valid ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"bounds.h\"\nint main(void) {\n int valid = 1;\n for (long long n = 7; n <= 50; n++) {\n if (!theta_bounds_hold(n)) valid = 0;\n }\n printf(\"n0=7\\nchecked_through=50\\nstatus=%s\\n\", valid ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"bounds_h":{"content":"#ifndef BOUNDS_H\n#define BOUNDS_H\nint theta_bounds_hold(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"bounds_c":{"content":"#include \"bounds.h\"\nint theta_bounds_hold(long long n) {\n (void)n;\n /* TODO: verify (1/2)n^3 <= T(n) <= 2n^3 without floating point. */\n return 0;\n}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"bounds.h\"\nint main(void) {\n int valid = 1;\n for (long long n = 7; n <= 50; n++) {\n if (!theta_bounds_hold(n)) valid = 0;\n }\n printf(\"n0=7\\nchecked_through=50\\nstatus=%s\\n\", valid ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"bounds_h":{"content":"#ifndef BOUNDS_H\n#define BOUNDS_H\nint theta_bounds_hold(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"bounds_c":{"content":"#include \"bounds.h\"\nint theta_bounds_hold(long long n) {\n const long long cube = n * n * n;\n const long long t = cube - 3 * n * n - n + 1;\n const int lower_ok = cube <= 2 * t;\n const int upper_ok = t <= 2 * cube;\n return n >= 7 && t >= 0 && lower_ok && upper_ok;\n}\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Encode the lower bound without floating point."},{"message":"Encode the upper bound."},{"message":"Respect the proven threshold n₀=7."}]}}},"quiz":{"theta-needs-both":{"title":"Two-sided requirement","prompt":"What must a Θ proof establish?","hint":"Θ is a tight bound.","help":{"concept":"T must eventually stay between c₁g and c₂g.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Only an upper bound","b":"Only a lower bound","c":"Both lower and upper constant multiples after one threshold","d":"Exact equality for every n"}},"theta-small-negative":{"title":"Why a threshold?","prompt":"Why can the proof ignore small n where T(n) is negative?","hint":"Read the quantifier in the definition.","help":{"concept":"A finite prefix does not affect eventual growth.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Negative values are rounded to zero","b":"Asymptotic definitions only require the inequality for n≥n₀","c":"Θ applies only to even n","d":"c₁ may be negative"}}}},"theta-equivalence-review":{"label":"Θ Equivalence: True or False","summary":"Decide when two expressions describe the same growth class.","cards":{"theta-true-false":{"title":"Θ-Notation: Decide Whether the Classes Match"},"theta-equivalence-animation":{"title":"Strip Constants and Lower-Order Terms"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"quiz":{"theta-a":{"title":"n² and n²+7","prompt":"Is Θ(n²)=Θ(n²+7)?","hint":"Compare dominant terms or take a ratio.","help":{"concept":"The added constant is lower order.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"True","b":"False"}},"theta-b":{"title":"n² and 7n²","prompt":"Is Θ(n²)=Θ(7n²)?","hint":"Compare dominant terms or take a ratio.","help":{"concept":"A positive constant multiplier does not change Θ.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"True","b":"False"}},"theta-c":{"title":"7n²+18 and n²","prompt":"Is Θ(7n²+18)=Θ(n²)?","hint":"Compare dominant terms or take a ratio.","help":{"concept":"The quadratic term dominates the constant.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"True","b":"False"}},"theta-d":{"title":"n²+n and n²","prompt":"Is Θ(n²+n)=Θ(n²)?","hint":"Compare dominant terms or take a ratio.","help":{"concept":"The linear term is lower order.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"True","b":"False"}},"theta-e":{"title":"n² and n³","prompt":"Is Θ(n²)=Θ(n³)?","hint":"Compare dominant terms or take a ratio.","help":{"concept":"The ratio n²/n³ tends to zero.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"True","b":"False"}}}}},"c-runtime-analysis-asymptotics-module-4-capstone":{"runtime-analysis-capstone":{"label":"Runtime Analysis Capstone","summary":"Combine exact counting, Θ classification, and a formal bound.","cards":{"capstone-brief":{"title":"Capstone: Analyze New C Fragments from Exact Count to Formal Bound"},"capstone-animation":{"title":"Trace → Exact Formula → Θ → Proof"},"capstone-project":{"title":"Cumulative C Capstone"},"check-understanding":{"title":"Check Your Understanding"}},"projectSteps":{"derive_exact_counts":{"title":"Part 1: Derive Exact Counts"},"classify_dominant_terms":{"title":"Part 2: Classify the Dominant Terms"},"verify_new_theta_proof":{"title":"Part 3: Verify Explicit Θ Constants"}},"finalLab":{"steps":{"derive_exact_counts":{"title":"Part 1: Derive Exact Counts","prompt":"Implement the three exact count functions in `capstone.c`. Do not return only the dominant term.","hint":"Bar2 has row lengths n, n−1, ..., 1.","help":{"concept":"Exact counts preserve all terms and constant factors before asymptotic simplification.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"capstone.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"bar1=%lld\\n\", bar1_count(n));\n printf(\"bar2=%lld\\n\", bar2_count(n));\n printf(\"bar3=%lld\\n\", bar3_count(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"capstone.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"bar1=%lld\\n\", bar1_count(n));\n printf(\"bar2=%lld\\n\", bar2_count(n));\n printf(\"bar3=%lld\\n\", bar3_count(n));\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"capstone.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"bar1=%lld\\n\", bar1_count(n));\n printf(\"bar2=%lld\\n\", bar2_count(n));\n printf(\"bar3=%lld\\n\", bar3_count(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"capstone_h":{"content":"#ifndef CAPSTONE_H\n#define CAPSTONE_H\nlong long bar1_count(long long n);\nlong long bar2_count(long long n);\nlong long bar3_count(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"capstone_c":{"content":"#include \"capstone.h\"\nlong long bar1_count(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long bar2_count(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\nlong long bar3_count(long long n) { (void)n; return 0; }\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"capstone.h\"\nint main(void) {\n const long long n = 6;\n printf(\"bar1=%lld\\n\", bar1_count(n));\n printf(\"bar2=%lld\\n\", bar2_count(n));\n printf(\"bar3=%lld\\n\", bar3_count(n));\n return 0;\n}\n"},"capstone_h":{"content":"#ifndef CAPSTONE_H\n#define CAPSTONE_H\nlong long bar1_count(long long n);\nlong long bar2_count(long long n);\nlong long bar3_count(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"capstone_c":{"content":"#include \"capstone.h\"\nlong long bar1_count(long long n) { return 5 * n; }\nlong long bar2_count(long long n) { return n * (n + 1) / 2; }\nlong long bar3_count(long long n) { return n + n * n; }\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Bar1 has fixed width 5."},{"message":"Bar2 uses the sum 1 through n."},{"message":"Bar3 adds its sequential blocks."}]},"classify_dominant_terms":{"title":"Part 2: Classify the Dominant Terms","prompt":"Replace each TODO string with the tight Θ class implied by the exact formulas from Part 1.","hint":"Expand Bar2 and identify the highest power; for Bar3, the larger sequential block dominates.","help":{"concept":"5n is linear. n(n+1)/2 and n+n² are quadratic.","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"classify.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"bar1=%s\\n\", bar1_theta());\n printf(\"bar2=%s\\n\", bar2_theta());\n printf(\"bar3=%s\\n\", bar3_theta());\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"classify.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"bar1=%s\\n\", bar1_theta());\n printf(\"bar2=%s\\n\", bar2_theta());\n printf(\"bar3=%s\\n\", bar3_theta());\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"classify.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"bar1=%s\\n\", bar1_theta());\n printf(\"bar2=%s\\n\", bar2_theta());\n printf(\"bar3=%s\\n\", bar3_theta());\n return 0;\n}\n"},"classify_h":{"content":"#ifndef CLASSIFY_H\n#define CLASSIFY_H\nconst char *bar1_theta(void);\nconst char *bar2_theta(void);\nconst char *bar3_theta(void);\n#endif\n"},"classify_c":{"content":"#include \"classify.h\"\nconst char *bar1_theta(void) { return \"TODO\"; }\nconst char *bar2_theta(void) { return \"TODO\"; }\nconst char *bar3_theta(void) { return \"TODO\"; }\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"classify.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"bar1=%s\\n\", bar1_theta());\n printf(\"bar2=%s\\n\", bar2_theta());\n printf(\"bar3=%s\\n\", bar3_theta());\n return 0;\n}\n"},"classify_h":{"content":"#ifndef CLASSIFY_H\n#define CLASSIFY_H\nconst char *bar1_theta(void);\nconst char *bar2_theta(void);\nconst char *bar3_theta(void);\n#endif\n"},"classify_c":{"content":"#include \"classify.h\"\nconst char *bar1_theta(void) { return \"Theta(n)\"; }\nconst char *bar2_theta(void) { return \"Theta(n^2)\"; }\nconst char *bar3_theta(void) { return \"Theta(n^2)\"; }\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Return the linear class for Bar1."},{"message":"Return the quadratic class for Bar2 and Bar3."}]},"verify_new_theta_proof":{"title":"Part 3: Verify Explicit Θ Constants","prompt":"Implement the finite checker for the proposed constants c₁=6, c₂=11, and n₀=1. Then relate each inequality to the algebraic proof in the lesson.","hint":"Compute T(n), then compare it with 6n² and 11n².","help":{"concept":"For n≥1, the lower bound is immediate and the upper bound follows from 3n≤3n² and 2≤2n².","hint_1":"Work from the traced values to an exact count before simplifying.","hint_2":"Run the supplied test harness after each focused change."},"starterCode":"#include \n#include \"proof.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"c1=6 c2=11 n0=1\\n\");\n printf(\"n=1 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(1) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n printf(\"n=25 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(25) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n","solutionCode":"#include \n#include \"proof.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"c1=6 c2=11 n0=1\\n\");\n printf(\"n=1 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(1) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n printf(\"n=25 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(25) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n","starterFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"proof.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"c1=6 c2=11 n0=1\\n\");\n printf(\"n=1 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(1) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n printf(\"n=25 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(25) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"proof_h":{"content":"#ifndef PROOF_H\n#define PROOF_H\nint theta_proof_holds(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"proof_c":{"content":"#include \"proof.h\"\nint theta_proof_holds(long long n) {\n (void)n;\n /* TODO: verify 6n^2 <= 6n^2+3n+2 <= 11n^2 for n >= 1. */\n return 0;\n}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_c":{"content":"#include \n#include \"proof.h\"\nint main(void) {\n printf(\"c1=6 c2=11 n0=1\\n\");\n printf(\"n=1 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(1) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n printf(\"n=25 %s\\n\", theta_proof_holds(25) ? \"valid\" : \"invalid\");\n return 0;\n}\n"},"proof_h":{"content":"#ifndef PROOF_H\n#define PROOF_H\nint theta_proof_holds(long long n);\n#endif\n"},"proof_c":{"content":"#include \"proof.h\"\nint theta_proof_holds(long long n) {\n if (n < 1) return 0;\n const long long n2 = n * n;\n const long long t = 6 * n2 + 3 * n + 2;\n return 6 * n2 <= t && t <= 11 * n2;\n}\n"}},"checks":[{"message":"Reject values before n₀."},{"message":"Check the lower bound."},{"message":"Check the upper bound."}]}}},"quiz":{"capstone-method":{"title":"Capstone workflow","prompt":"Which sequence best matches the course method?","hint":"Recall the course title animation.","help":{"concept":"The method makes work visible first and formalizes the bound last.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Guess Θ → skip exact count → test one n","b":"Trace → exact count → simplify → classify → prove","c":"Differentiate every loop","d":"Multiply all visible loops"}},"bar2-shape":{"title":"Bar2 shape","prompt":"What geometric shape represents Bar2’s row lengths?","hint":"Rows shrink from n to 1.","help":{"concept":"The sum n+(n−1)+...+1 forms a triangle.","hint_1":"Trace a small input or simplify the exact expression before choosing.","hint_2":"Check whether the work adds, multiplies, or forms a changing sum."},"options":{"a":"Constant strip","b":"Triangle","c":"Cube","d":"Single point"}}}}}},"git-foundations":{"git-foundations-module-1-start-tracking":{"configure-and-initialize-a-repository":{"label":"Initialize the Community Project Repository","summary":"Turn a two-file folder into a repository on main and configure a repository-local identity.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"An Ordinary Folder Becomes a Repository"},"sketch1":{"title":"Repository Metadata Stays Behind the Scenes"},"sketch2":{"title":"Identity Belongs to This Repository"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_configure_and_initialize_a_repository_sketch0":{"title":"Initialize the Community Project","prompt":"The terminal opens inside `community-project/`. The folder contains only `README.md` and `schedule.txt`, and it is not a Git repository yet. Initialize the current folder as a repository whose first branch is `main`. Do not edit or stage either file.","hint":"Create repository metadata in the current folder and name the first branch `main`.","help":{"concept":"`git init -b main` creates the hidden `.git` metadata directory in the current folder and chooses `main` as the first branch. It does not edit, stage, or commit the project files.","hint_1":"The terminal is already at the project root, so no `cd` command is needed.","hint_2":"The result should be a repository with zero commits and two untracked files."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git init -b main","instructions":"The terminal opens inside `community-project/`. The folder contains only `README.md` and `schedule.txt`, and it is not a Git repository yet. Initialize the current folder as a repository whose first branch is `main`. Do not edit or stage either file.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you turn the current folder into a repository whose first branch is `main`?"}}}},"try_configure_and_initialize_a_repository_sketch1":{"title":"Store the Local Author Name","prompt":"The repository now exists. Store the supplied author name `ZoeSkoul Learner` in this repository only. Do not change machine-wide Git settings.","hint":"Use repository-local configuration for the exact supplied name.","help":{"concept":"`git config --local user.name \"ZoeSkoul Learner\"` stores the author name inside this repository. `--local` prevents the course workspace from changing Git settings outside this project.","hint_1":"Keep quotation marks around the name because it contains a space.","hint_2":"Do not use `--global`."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git config --local user.name \"ZoeSkoul Learner\"","instructions":"The repository now exists. Store the supplied author name `ZoeSkoul Learner` in this repository only. Do not change machine-wide Git settings.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you store the supplied author name in this repository only?"}}}},"try_configure_and_initialize_a_repository_sketch2":{"title":"Complete and Verify the Local Identity","prompt":"Store `learner@zoeskoul.local` as the repository-local author email. Then read the local configuration and confirm that both the supplied name and email are present.","hint":"Add the email in the same local scope, then inspect that scope.","help":{"concept":"`git config --local user.email VALUE` stores the email for this repository. `git config --local --list` reads the local settings so you can verify both identity values before the first commit.","hint_1":"Use the exact email `learner@zoeskoul.local`.","hint_2":"The verification output should include both `user.name` and `user.email`."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git config --local user.email \"learner@zoeskoul.local\"\ngit config --local --list","instructions":"Store `learner@zoeskoul.local` as the repository-local author email. Then read the local configuration and confirm that both the supplied name and email are present.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local email?"},"1":{"message":"Did you read the repository-local configuration to verify both values?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"Repository-Local Identity","prompt":"Why does this course use `git config --local` for the supplied author identity?","hint":"Choose the scope that changes only the current repository, not every repository on the computer.","help":{"concept":"Turn an ordinary project folder into a Git repository on `main`, inspect the metadata Git created, and keep the author identity local to that repository.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"It changes the identity only inside the current repository.","b":"It deletes any existing project history.","c":"It stages every file in the project.","d":"It changes the contents of the project files."}},"single-choice-2":{"title":"Repository Initialization","prompt":"What command is used to initialize a new Git repository?","hint":"Look for the Git command that creates repository metadata in an ordinary folder.","help":{"concept":"Turn an ordinary project folder into a Git repository on `main`, inspect the metadata Git created, and keep the author identity local to that repository.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"git init","b":"git start","c":"git create","d":"git new"}},"drag-reorder-1":{"title":"Order the First Repository Setup","prompt":"Arrange the setup steps in an order that can actually work.","hint":"Start with the state that must exist before the next action can make sense.","help":{"concept":"Turn an ordinary project folder into a Git repository on `main`, inspect the metadata Git created, and keep the author identity local to that repository.","hint_1":"Track how the project moves from working files to a proposed snapshot and then to history.","hint_2":"Read the ordered steps as one continuous repository story."},"tokens":{"t1":"Initialize the project folder as a repository","t2":"Store the repository-local author identity","t3":"Inspect the current repository state"}},"fill-blank-choice-1":{"title":"Git Identity Configuration","prompt":"Complete the command to set the local Git user name: `git config --local user.name [blank1]`","hint":"Choose the term or symbol that matches the exact state described, not a nearby Git concept.","help":{"concept":"Turn an ordinary project folder into a Git repository on `main`, inspect the metadata Git created, and keep the author identity local to that repository.","hint_1":"Pay attention to whether the prompt describes an untracked path, a working-tree edit, staged work, or history.","hint_2":"Read spaces, punctuation, and status columns as meaningful when the question shows Git output."},"template":"git config --local user.name [blank1]","choices":["\"ZoeSkoul Learner\"","\"John Doe\"","\"Jane Smith\"","\"Git User\""]}}},"module-1-field-notes-repository":{"label":"Module Project: Start Volunteer Project History","summary":"Begin the two-file volunteer-project repository and record its first snapshot.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Parallel Project: Volunteer Project"},"project":{"title":"Build the Volunteer Project Baseline"}},"projectSteps":{"try_git_repo_inspection":{"title":"Inspect the Volunteer Project Folder"},"try_git_config":{"title":"Initialize Volunteer Project"},"try_git_init":{"title":"Configure the Volunteer Project Identity"},"try_git_stage_files":{"title":"Stage the Volunteer Project Baseline"},"try_git_commit":{"title":"Commit the Volunteer Project Baseline"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_git_repo_inspection":{"title":"Inspect the Volunteer Project Folder","prompt":"The project opens inside `volunteer-project/`. Use `pwd` to confirm your current directory, then use `ls` to verify that the folder contains these two plain-text files:\n\n* `README.md`\n* `assignments.txt`\n\nDo not initialize a Git repository yet.","hint":"Verify the project root and its small two-file starting set.","help":{"concept":"`pwd` prints the current directory. `ls` lists visible files in that directory. These terminal commands inspect the ordinary folder before Git is initialized.","hint_1":"The terminal is already inside `volunteer-project/`.","hint_2":"The listing should contain only the two learner files."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"pwd\nls","instructions":"The parallel project opens inside `volunteer-project/`. Confirm the current directory and list its two plain-text files: `README.md` and `assignments.txt`. Do not initialize Git yet.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you confirm the current project directory?"},"1":{"message":"Did you list the two supplied text files?"}}}},"try_git_config":{"title":"Initialize the Volunteer Project","prompt":"The two-file folder is ready and still has no Git repository metadata. Using the command you learned in the previous lesson, initialize a new Git repository with `main` as the initial branch. Do not change either file.","hint":"Reapply the initialization command from the guided project.","help":{"concept":"`git init -b main` creates repository metadata in the current folder and selects `main` as the first branch. The files remain untracked until you stage them.","hint_1":"Do not create another directory.","hint_2":"No commit should exist yet."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git init -b main","instructions":"The two-file folder is ready and still has no repository metadata. Initialize it on `main` without changing either file.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you initialize the current volunteer project on `main`?"}}}},"try_git_init":{"title":"Configure the Volunteer Project Identity","prompt":"Now that you have initialized the local Git repository, configure the commit identity for this repository only. Set the name to `ZoeSkoul Learner` and the email address to `learner@zoeskoul.local`.\n\nDo not change the global Git configuration.","hint":"Use the same two repository-local settings as the guided project.","help":{"concept":"`git config --local user.name VALUE` and `git config --local user.email VALUE` prepare this independent repository to record commits without changing global Git settings.","hint_1":"Use both exact supplied values.","hint_2":"Keep both settings local."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git config --local user.name \"ZoeSkoul Learner\"\ngit config --local user.email \"learner@zoeskoul.local\"","instructions":"Store the supplied name `ZoeSkoul Learner` and email `learner@zoeskoul.local` in this repository only.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local author name?"},"1":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local author email?"}}}},"try_git_stage_files":{"title":"Prepare the Volunteer Baseline","prompt":"The repository has been initialized, and its local commit identity is configured. Now it is time to prepare the first snapshot.\n\nStage only `README.md` and `assignments.txt`. Then, before committing, use the command you learned in the previous lesson to inspect the statistics for the staged changes.","hint":"Prepare the complete two-file baseline and review it.","help":{"concept":"`git add file1 file2` stages both project files.","hint_1":"`git diff --staged --stat` confirms which files the first snapshot would contain without recording it.","hint_2":"The staged summary should contain exactly two files."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git add README.md assignments.txt\ngit diff --staged --stat","instructions":"Stage only `README.md` and `assignments.txt`, then inspect the staged statistics before committing.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage both supplied volunteer files?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the staged file summary?"}}}},"try_git_commit":{"title":"Record and Verify the Volunteer Baseline","prompt":"Now record the prepared two-file snapshot with the commit message `Start volunteer project`.\n\nAfter the commit is created, use the commands you learned earlier to inspect the concise history and confirm that the short status shows no unfinished changes.","hint":"Commit once, then verify history and current state.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m ...` records the staged files. ","hint_1":"`git log --oneline` verifies the history entry,","hint_2":"and `git status --short` verifies that no tracked work remains unfinished."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Start volunteer project\"\ngit log --oneline\ngit status --short","instructions":"Record the prepared two-file snapshot with the message `Start volunteer project`. Then inspect concise history and confirm that short status has no unfinished entries.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\ngit -C volunteer-project add -A\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\ngit -C volunteer-project add -A\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the volunteer baseline with the requested message?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the concise history?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify that no unfinished file entries remain?"}}}}},"title":"Build the Volunteer Project Baseline","description":"This project starts with only README.md and assignments.txt. Reapply the Module 1 workflow in a different repository, then carry that exact history into later module projects."}},"module-1-volunteer-project-history":{"label":"Module Project: Start Volunteer Project History","summary":"Begin the two-file volunteer-project repository and record its first snapshot.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Parallel Project: Volunteer Project"},"project":{"title":"Build the Volunteer Project Baseline"}},"projectSteps":{"try_git_repo_inspection":{"title":"Inspect the Volunteer Project Folder"},"try_git_config":{"title":"Initialize Volunteer Project"},"try_git_init":{"title":"Configure the Volunteer Project Identity"},"try_git_stage_files":{"title":"Stage the Volunteer Project Baseline"},"try_git_commit":{"title":"Commit the Volunteer Project Baseline"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_git_repo_inspection":{"title":"Inspect the Volunteer Project Folder","prompt":"The project opens inside `volunteer-project/`. Use `pwd` to confirm your current directory, then use `ls` to verify that the folder contains these two plain-text files:\n\n* `README.md`\n* `assignments.txt`\n\nDo not initialize a Git repository yet.","hint":"Verify the project root and its small two-file starting set.","help":{"concept":"`pwd` prints the current directory. `ls` lists visible files in that directory. These terminal commands inspect the ordinary folder before Git is initialized.","hint_1":"The terminal is already inside `volunteer-project/`.","hint_2":"The listing should contain only the two learner files."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"pwd\nls","instructions":"The parallel project opens inside `volunteer-project/`. Confirm the current directory and list its two plain-text files: `README.md` and `assignments.txt`. Do not initialize Git yet.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you confirm the current project directory?"},"1":{"message":"Did you list the two supplied text files?"}}}},"try_git_config":{"title":"Initialize the Volunteer Project","prompt":"The two-file folder is ready and still has no Git repository metadata. Using the command you learned in the previous lesson, initialize a new Git repository with `main` as the initial branch. Do not change either file.","hint":"Reapply the initialization command from the guided project.","help":{"concept":"`git init -b main` creates repository metadata in the current folder and selects `main` as the first branch. The files remain untracked until you stage them.","hint_1":"Do not create another directory.","hint_2":"No commit should exist yet."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git init -b main","instructions":"The two-file folder is ready and still has no repository metadata. Initialize it on `main` without changing either file.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you initialize the current volunteer project on `main`?"}}}},"try_git_init":{"title":"Configure the Volunteer Project Identity","prompt":"Now that you have initialized the local Git repository, configure the commit identity for this repository only. Set the name to `ZoeSkoul Learner` and the email address to `learner@zoeskoul.local`.\n\nDo not change the global Git configuration.","hint":"Use the same two repository-local settings as the guided project.","help":{"concept":"`git config --local user.name VALUE` and `git config --local user.email VALUE` prepare this independent repository to record commits without changing global Git settings.","hint_1":"Use both exact supplied values.","hint_2":"Keep both settings local."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git config --local user.name \"ZoeSkoul Learner\"\ngit config --local user.email \"learner@zoeskoul.local\"","instructions":"Store the supplied name `ZoeSkoul Learner` and email `learner@zoeskoul.local` in this repository only.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local author name?"},"1":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local author email?"}}}},"try_git_stage_files":{"title":"Prepare the Volunteer Baseline","prompt":"The repository has been initialized, and its local commit identity is configured. Now it is time to prepare the first snapshot.\n\nStage only `README.md` and `assignments.txt`. Then, before committing, use the command you learned in the previous lesson to inspect the statistics for the staged changes.","hint":"Prepare the complete two-file baseline and review it.","help":{"concept":"`git add file1 file2` stages both project files.","hint_1":"`git diff --staged --stat` confirms which files the first snapshot would contain without recording it.","hint_2":"The staged summary should contain exactly two files."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git add README.md assignments.txt\ngit diff --staged --stat","instructions":"Stage only `README.md` and `assignments.txt`, then inspect the staged statistics before committing.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage both supplied volunteer files?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the staged file summary?"}}}},"try_git_commit":{"title":"Record and Verify the Volunteer Baseline","prompt":"Now record the prepared two-file snapshot with the commit message `Start volunteer project`.\n\nAfter the commit is created, use the commands you learned earlier to inspect the concise history and confirm that the short status shows no unfinished changes.","hint":"Commit once, then verify history and current state.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m ...` records the staged files. ","hint_1":"`git log --oneline` verifies the history entry,","hint_2":"and `git status --short` verifies that no tracked work remains unfinished."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Start volunteer project\"\ngit log --oneline\ngit status --short","instructions":"Record the prepared two-file snapshot with the message `Start volunteer project`. Then inspect concise history and confirm that short status has no unfinished entries.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\ngit -C volunteer-project add -A\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- volunteer-project\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\ngit -C volunteer-project init -q -b main\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C volunteer-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\ngit -C volunteer-project add -A\nfind volunteer-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s '# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n' > volunteer-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- volunteer-project\nprintf %s 'Volunteer assignments\n\nWelcome table: Sam\nTraining desk: unassigned\n' > volunteer-project/assignments.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the volunteer baseline with the requested message?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the concise history?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify that no unfinished file entries remain?"}}}}},"title":"Build the Volunteer Project Baseline","description":"This project starts with only README.md and assignments.txt. Reapply the Module 1 workflow in a different repository, then carry that exact history into later module projects."}},"read-tracked-and-untracked-state":{"label":"Read the Community Project State","summary":"Inspect the two untracked files, stage them, and review the proposed snapshot.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Status Compares Three Layers"},"sketch1":{"title":"Short Status Is a Compact Map"},"sketch2":{"title":"Read the Staged Summary"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_read_tracked_and_untracked_state_sketch0":{"title":"Read the Initial Repository State","prompt":"Ask Git for the full repository report. Use it to confirm that the branch is `main`, no commits exist yet, and `README.md` plus `schedule.txt` are untracked. Do not change repository state.","hint":"Use Git’s full status report as a read-only inspection.","help":{"concept":"`git status` describes the current branch and separates staged, unstaged, and untracked work. Running it does not change any file or repository layer.","hint_1":"Look for the `No commits yet` message and the two untracked file names.","hint_2":"Do not stage either file in this step."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git status","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"instructions":"Ask Git for the full repository report. Use it to confirm that the branch is `main`, no commits exist yet, and `README.md` plus `schedule.txt` are untracked. Do not change repository state.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you ask Git for the full repository report?"}}}},"try_read_tracked_and_untracked_state_sketch1":{"title":"Stage the Two Project Files","prompt":"Prepare the first proposed snapshot by staging only `README.md` and `schedule.txt`. Then inspect compact status and confirm that both paths appear in the staging-area column.","hint":"Name the two project files explicitly, then read compact status.","help":{"concept":"`git add README.md schedule.txt` copies the current versions of those two files into the staging area. `git status --short` compresses repository state into two columns; an `A` in the left column means the file is staged as an addition.","hint_1":"There are only two learner files in this module.","hint_2":"Staging prepares a proposal; it does not create a commit."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git add README.md schedule.txt\ngit status --short","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"instructions":"Prepare the first proposed snapshot by staging only `README.md` and `schedule.txt`. Then inspect compact status and confirm that both paths appear in the staging-area column.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage both `README.md` and `schedule.txt`?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the compact staged state?"}}}},"try_read_tracked_and_untracked_state_sketch2":{"title":"Review the Staged File Summary","prompt":"Both files are staged, but no commit has been created yet. Use the command you learned earlier to inspect the staged summary and confirm that the proposed snapshot contains exactly two files.\n\nDo not create the commit yet.","hint":"Ask Git for a statistics-only view of the staging area.","help":{"concept":"`git diff --staged --stat` summarizes the files and line counts currently in the staging area. `--staged` reads the proposed snapshot, and `--stat` keeps the output compact. The command does not commit anything.","hint_1":"The summary should name `README.md` and `schedule.txt`.","hint_2":"Leave both files staged for the next lesson."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git diff --staged --stat","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\ngit -C community-project add -A\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\ngit -C community-project add -A\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"instructions":"The two files are staged and no commit exists yet. Inspect the staged summary to verify that the proposed snapshot contains exactly two files without recording it.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the staged two-file summary?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-2":{"title":"Understanding git status --short","prompt":"What does the `??` symbol indicate in the output of `git status --short`?","hint":"In short status, two question marks appear beside a file Git has not started tracking.","help":{"concept":"Read full and short status reports to tell untracked files, unstaged edits, staged work, and clean state apart.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"A modified file","b":"A deleted file","c":"An untracked file","d":"A staged file"}},"multi-choice-1":{"title":"Read the Two Columns","prompt":"Which statements about short status are correct? Select all that apply.","hint":"Judge each option independently; choose only the statements that stay true in this exact repository state.","help":{"concept":"Read full and short status reports to tell untracked files, unstaged edits, staged work, and clean state apart.","hint_1":"A partly true option is still wrong if it adds an effect Git does not guarantee.","hint_2":"Use the layer named in the prompt—working tree, staging area, or history—to test each choice."},"options":{"a":"The left column describes staged changes.","b":"The right column describes working-tree changes.","c":"`??` marks an untracked path.","d":"Every listed path has already been committed."}},"fill-blank-choice-1":{"title":"Unstaged Modification Column","prompt":"In short status, an unstaged tracked-file edit uses the letter `[blank1]` in the right column.","hint":"Choose the term or symbol that matches the exact state described, not a nearby Git concept.","help":{"concept":"Read full and short status reports to tell untracked files, unstaged edits, staged work, and clean state apart.","hint_1":"Pay attention to whether the prompt describes an untracked path, a working-tree edit, staged work, or history.","hint_2":"Read spaces, punctuation, and status columns as meaningful when the question shows Git output."},"template":"An unstaged tracked-file edit uses `[blank1]` in the right column.","choices":["M","A","D","??"]},"fill-blank-choice-2":{"title":"Untracked File Marker","prompt":"In short status, a file Git has never tracked begins with `[blank1]`.","hint":"Choose the term or symbol that matches the exact state described, not a nearby Git concept.","help":{"concept":"Read full and short status reports to tell untracked files, unstaged edits, staged work, and clean state apart.","hint_1":"Pay attention to whether the prompt describes an untracked path, a working-tree edit, staged work, or history.","hint_2":"Read spaces, punctuation, and status columns as meaningful when the question shows Git output."},"template":"A file Git has never tracked begins with `[blank1]`.","choices":["??","M ","A ","D "]}}},"why-version-control-matters":{"label":"Why Version Control Matters","summary":"Meet Git, review the small terminal skills you need, and see how three projects build the same inspect-change-verify habit.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Before You Begin"},"sketch1":{"title":"Three Small Projects, One Learning Pattern"}}},"working-tree-staging-and-history":{"label":"Record the First Community Project Snapshot","summary":"Commit the staged two-file baseline and verify its history and clean state.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"The Proposal Carries Forward"},"sketch1":{"title":"A Commit Records the Proposal"},"sketch2":{"title":"Verify History and Current State Separately"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_working_tree_staging_and_history_sketch0":{"title":"Record the First Community Snapshot","prompt":"The two project files are already staged. Record that proposal with the commit message `Start community project`. Do not restage or edit anything.","hint":"Commit the prepared staging area with the exact message.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m \"Start community project\"` records the current staging area as one local history entry. `-m` supplies the commit message directly. Only staged content enters the commit.","hint_1":"Use the message exactly as written.","hint_2":"After the command, the repository should contain one commit."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Start community project\"","instructions":"The two project files are already staged. Record that proposal with the commit message `Start community project`. Do not restage or edit anything.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\ngit -C community-project add -A\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- community-project\nmkdir -p -- community-project\ngit -C community-project init -q -b main\ngit -C community-project config --local user.name 'ZoeSkoul Learner'\ngit -C community-project config --local user.email learner@zoeskoul.local\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\ngit -C community-project add -A\nfind community-project -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 ! -name .git -exec rm -rf -- {} +\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s '# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n' > community-project/README.md\nmkdir -p -- community-project\nprintf %s 'Community events\n\nSaturday cleanup: 10:00 AM\n' > community-project/schedule.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the staged two-file snapshot with the requested message?"}}}},"try_working_tree_staging_and_history_sketch1":{"title":"Read the First History Entry","prompt":"Read the concise history and confirm that the newest entry is `Start community project`.","hint":"Use the one-line history view.","help":{"concept":"`git log --oneline` lists commits newest first, showing a short identifier and the commit message on one line. It reads history without changing it.","hint_1":"There should be exactly one history entry.","hint_2":"The short identifier can differ; the message is what matters here."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git log --oneline","instructions":"Read the concise history and confirm that the newest entry is `Start community project`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$26"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$27"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you read the concise commit history?"}}}},"try_working_tree_staging_and_history_sketch2":{"title":"Confirm a Clean Working State","prompt":"Inspect compact status after the first commit. A clean repository produces no file entries.","hint":"Read short status and look for an empty result.","help":{"concept":"`git status --short` prints one line per unfinished path. No output means the working tree and staging area match the current commit.","hint_1":"Do not create or edit a file.","hint_2":"The repository should remain at one commit."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short","instructions":"Inspect compact status after the first commit. A clean repository produces no file entries.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$28"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$29"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you verify that no unfinished file entries remain?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"Identify the Working Tree","prompt":"What is the working tree in Git?","hint":"Choose the layer that contains the project files you can open and edit right now.","help":{"concept":"Follow one edit from the working tree to the staging area and into a named commit, checking each boundary along the way.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"The project files and folders you can currently edit","b":"The proposed snapshot prepared for the next commit","c":"The sequence of recorded commits","d":"The list of patterns Git should ignore"}},"single-choice-2":{"title":"Purpose of the Staging Area","prompt":"What is the purpose of the staging area in Git?","hint":"Choose the layer where selected changes wait before they become a commit.","help":{"concept":"Follow one edit from the working tree to the staging area and into a named commit, checking each boundary along the way.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"To prepare selected changes for the next commit","b":"To store the complete commit history","c":"To display only unstaged line changes","d":"To initialize an ordinary folder"}},"multi-choice-1":{"title":"What a Commit Records","prompt":"Which facts about a commit are correct? Select all that apply.","hint":"Judge each option independently; choose only the statements that stay true in this exact repository state.","help":{"concept":"Follow one edit from the working tree to the staging area and into a named commit, checking each boundary along the way.","hint_1":"A partly true option is still wrong if it adds an effect Git does not guarantee.","hint_2":"Use the layer named in the prompt—working tree, staging area, or history—to test each choice."},"options":{"a":"It records the staged snapshot.","b":"It includes a message and author identity.","c":"It automatically includes every unstaged edit.","d":"It becomes part of repository history."}},"drag-reorder-1":{"title":"Order of Git Workflow","prompt":"Arrange the steps of the Git workflow in the correct order.","hint":"Start with the state that must exist before the next action can make sense.","help":{"concept":"Follow one edit from the working tree to the staging area and into a named commit, checking each boundary along the way.","hint_1":"Track how the project moves from working files to a proposed snapshot and then to history.","hint_2":"Read the ordered steps as one continuous repository story."},"tokens":{"t1":"Edit files in the working tree","t2":"Stage changes in the staging area","t3":"Commit changes to the commit history"}}}}},"git-foundations-module-2-meaningful-history":{"inspect-unstaged-changes-with-diff":{"label":"Add and Inspect Exact Project Changes","summary":"Add one third file, then inspect two supplied text edits without staging them.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Diff Shows Exact Text Changes"},"sketch2":{"title":"Name the File When Focus Matters"},"sketch3":{"title":"Inspect Before You Stage"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_inspect_unstaged_changes_with_diff_sketch0":{"title":"Create the Third Project File","prompt":"The community project continues with the two tracked files from Module 1: `README.md` and `schedule.txt`. The community organizers now need a contact list, but `contacts.txt` does not exist yet.\n\nCreate `community-project/contacts.txt`. Starting on line 1, enter exactly:\n\n```text\nCommunity contacts\n\nHelp desk: 555-0100\n```\nThen use the terminal to:\n\n1. Inspect the short status and confirm that Git shows `?? contacts.txt`.\n2. Stage only `contacts.txt`.\n3. Create a focused commit with the exact message `Add community contacts`.\n\nWhen you finish, the repository should contain three tracked files and two commits. Do not change `README.md` or `schedule.txt`.","hint":"Create and save the exact three-line file first. Then inspect it as untracked, stage only that file, and commit it with the supplied message.","help":{"concept":"An untracked file is not part of history until it is staged and committed. `git status --short` identifies it with `??`; `git add contacts.txt` stages it; `git commit -m \"Add community contacts\"` records it as the repository’s third file.","hint_1":"Do not change `README.md` or `schedule.txt`.","hint_2":"The new commit should add only `contacts.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short\ngit add contacts.txt\ngit commit -m \"Add community contacts\"","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$2a"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$2b"}},"instructions":"`community-project/` should begin this lesson with only `README.md` and `schedule.txt`; `contacts.txt` should not exist yet. Create `community-project/contacts.txt`. Starting on line 1, enter exactly these three lines: `Community contacts`, a blank line, and `Help desk: 555-0100`. Save the file.\n\nThen use the terminal to inspect short status, stage only `contacts.txt`, and record it with the exact commit message `Add community contacts`.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the new file before staging it?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only `contacts.txt`?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the contact list as its own commit?"}}}},"try_inspect_unstaged_changes_with_diff_sketch2":{"title":"Change and Inspect the Cleanup Time","prompt":"The cleanup coordinator moved Saturday’s start time earlier so volunteers can finish before an afternoon event. Open `community-project/schedule.txt` and find this line:\n\n`Saturday cleanup: 10:00 AM`\n\nReplace it with:\n\n`Saturday cleanup: 9:30 AM`\n\nSave the file. Then use the command you learned earlier to inspect only the unstaged changes in `schedule.txt`.\n\nDo not stage the file yet.\n","hint":"Make the exact one-line edit, then compare the working copy with the staged version.","help":{"concept":"`git diff -- schedule.txt` shows unstaged line changes for that file. A removed line begins with `-` and an added line begins with `+`. The command is read-only.","hint_1":"Change only the cleanup time.","hint_2":"The diff should show one removed line and one added line."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- schedule.txt","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$2c"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$2d"}},"instructions":"Open `community-project/schedule.txt`. Find `Saturday cleanup: 10:00 AM` and replace it with `Saturday cleanup: 9:30 AM`. Save the file. Then inspect only that unstaged change. Do not stage it yet.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the unstaged schedule change?"}}}},"try_inspect_unstaged_changes_with_diff_sketch3":{"title":"Change and Inspect the Help Desk Number","prompt":"The help desk has a new phone number, so the project contact list must be corrected. Open `community-project/contacts.txt` and find this line:\n\n`Help desk: 555-0100`\n\nReplace it with:\n\n`Help desk: 555-0130`. Then use the command you learned earlier to inspect only the unstaged changes in `contacts.txt`.\n\nLeave the changes in both `schedule.txt` and `contacts.txt` unstaged.\n","hint":"Make the exact contact edit and narrow the diff to that path.","help":{"concept":"`git diff -- contacts.txt` limits the unstaged comparison to the contact file even though another file is also modified. Naming the path changes only the output, not repository state.","hint_1":"Do not stage either edit.","hint_2":"The schedule change must remain present for the next topic."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- contacts.txt","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$2e"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$2f"}},"instructions":"Open `community-project/contacts.txt`. Find `Help desk: 555-0100` and replace it with `Help desk: 555-0130`. Save the file. Then inspect only the contact change. Leave both edits unstaged.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect only the contact-number change?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"Using git diff","prompt":"When should you use `git diff`?","hint":"Ordinary `git diff` is most useful while a working-tree edit is still unstaged.","help":{"concept":"Move from a file-level status report to a line-level review, and separate unrelated edits before they reach the staging area.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"After the change has already been committed","b":"Before staging a working-tree change","c":"When you want to list earlier commit subjects","d":"When you want to create repository metadata"}},"multi-choice-2":{"title":"Interpreting Diff Output","prompt":"Which symbol in `git diff` output indicates a line has been added?","hint":"Choose the one answer that describes this command or concept precisely.","help":{"concept":"Move from a file-level status report to a line-level review, and separate unrelated edits before they reach the staging area.","hint_1":"Remove choices that act on a different repository layer or promise behavior Git does not provide.","hint_2":"Prefer the exact definition used in this chapter over a nearby Git idea."},"options":{"a":"-","b":"+","c":"*","d":"/"}},"fill-blank-choice-1":{"title":"Symbol for Removed Lines","prompt":"In `git diff`, lines that have been removed are indicated by the symbol `[blank1]`.","hint":"Choose the term or symbol that matches the exact state described, not a nearby Git concept.","help":{"concept":"Move from a file-level status report to a line-level review, and separate unrelated edits before they reach the staging area.","hint_1":"Pay attention to whether the prompt describes an untracked path, a working-tree edit, staged work, or history.","hint_2":"Read spaces, punctuation, and status columns as meaningful when the question shows Git output."},"template":"In `git diff`, lines that have been removed are indicated by the symbol `[blank1]`.","choices":["-","+","*","/"]},"fill-blank-choice-2":{"title":"Purpose of git diff","prompt":"The primary purpose of `git diff` is to show changes in the [blank1] that are not yet staged.","hint":"Choose the term or symbol that matches the exact state described, not a nearby Git concept.","help":{"concept":"Move from a file-level status report to a line-level review, and separate unrelated edits before they reach the staging area.","hint_1":"Pay attention to whether the prompt describes an untracked path, a working-tree edit, staged work, or history.","hint_2":"Read spaces, punctuation, and status columns as meaningful when the question shows Git output."},"template":"The primary purpose of `git diff` is to show changes in the [blank1] that are not yet staged.","choices":["working tree","staging area","commit history","ignore file"]}}},"module-2-community-website-history":{"label":"Module Project: Build Volunteer Project History","summary":"Add one file and record two focused volunteer-project updates.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Continue Volunteer Project"},"project":{"title":"Build Focused Volunteer Project History"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch0":{"title":"Edit the Signup Schedule Entry"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch1":{"title":"Commit the Signup Schedule Entry"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch2":{"title":"Edit the Help Desk Number"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch3":{"title":"Stage and Review the Styles"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch4":{"title":"Commit the Styles Separately"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch5":{"title":"Audit the Volunteer Project History"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch0":{"title":"Add the Meeting-Times File","prompt":"Continue `volunteer-project/` from its Module 1 snapshot. Create `meeting-times.txt` with exactly three lines: `Volunteer meeting times`, a blank line, and `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM`. Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add volunteer meeting times`.","hint":"Add only the supplied third file and record it separately.","help":{"concept":"This step reuses the familiar new-file workflow: create the exact text, stage the path, and commit it. The repository grows from two files to three without introducing unrelated content.","hint_1":"Do not edit `README.md` or `assignments.txt`.","hint_2":"The new commit should add only `meeting-times.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short\ngit add meeting-times.txt\ngit commit -m \"Add volunteer meeting times\"","instructions":"Continue `volunteer-project/` from its Module 1 snapshot. Create `meeting-times.txt` with exactly three lines: `Volunteer meeting times`, a blank line, and `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM`. Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add volunteer meeting times`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$30"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$31"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the new meeting-times file?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the new meeting-times file?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the third file as its own commit?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch1":{"title":"Inspect the Assignment Change","prompt":"Open `volunteer-project/assignments.txt`. Replace `Training desk: unassigned` with `Training desk: Riley`. Save the file, then inspect its unstaged diff.","hint":"Make the exact one-line change and review it before staging.","help":{"concept":"`git diff -- assignments.txt` shows the unstaged assignment change and leaves repository state untouched.","hint_1":"Do not change the welcome-table assignment.","hint_2":"Leave the edit unstaged for the next step."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- assignments.txt","instructions":"Open `volunteer-project/assignments.txt`. Replace `Training desk: unassigned` with `Training desk: Riley`. Save the file, then inspect its unstaged diff.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$32"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$33"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the assignment change before staging it?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch2":{"title":"Stage and Review the Assignment Change","prompt":"Stage only `assignments.txt`, then inspect its staged diff.","hint":"Prepare and review one focused purpose.","help":{"concept":"`git add assignments.txt` moves the edit into the staging area. `git diff --staged -- assignments.txt` verifies exactly what the next commit would record.","hint_1":"No other file should be staged.","hint_2":"Do not commit yet."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git add assignments.txt\ngit diff --staged -- assignments.txt","instructions":"Stage only `assignments.txt`, then inspect its staged diff.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$34"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$35"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage only the assignment change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you review the staged assignment change?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch3":{"title":"Commit the Assignment Change","prompt":"Record the staged assignment update with the message `Update volunteer assignments`.","hint":"Commit the prepared one-file snapshot.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m \"Update volunteer assignments\"` records the staged assignment change and leaves the repository ready for the meeting-time update.","hint_1":"Use the exact message.","hint_2":"The repository should be clean immediately afterward."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Update volunteer assignments\"","instructions":"Record the staged assignment update with the message `Update volunteer assignments`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$36"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$37"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the assignment update as its own commit?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch4":{"title":"Move the Orientation Earlier","prompt":"Open `volunteer-project/meeting-times.txt`. Replace `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM` with `Orientation: Saturday 9:30 AM`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage the file, review the staged diff, and commit it with the message `Update volunteer meeting time`.","hint":"Follow the complete inspect, stage, review, commit workflow for the exact time change.","help":{"concept":"`git diff` reviews the working-tree edit, `git add` prepares it, `git diff --staged` reviews the proposal, and `git commit` records the focused snapshot.","hint_1":"Do not edit another file.","hint_2":"The new commit should affect only `meeting-times.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- meeting-times.txt\ngit add meeting-times.txt\ngit diff --staged -- meeting-times.txt\ngit commit -m \"Update volunteer meeting time\"","instructions":"Open `volunteer-project/meeting-times.txt`. Replace `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM` with `Orientation: Saturday 9:30 AM`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage the file, review the staged diff, and commit it with the message `Update volunteer meeting time`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$38"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$39"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the meeting-time change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage the meeting-time change?"},"2":{"message":"Did you review the staged meeting-time change?"},"3":{"message":"Did you record the meeting-time update separately?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch5":{"title":"Audit the Volunteer Project History","prompt":"Inspect the concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status. Confirm that the repository contains four focused commits and no unfinished tracked work.","hint":"Verify timeline, latest snapshot, and current state.","help":{"concept":"`git log --oneline` audits the sequence, `git show --stat --oneline HEAD` audits the newest snapshot, and `git status --short` verifies the handoff is clean.","hint_1":"The newest message should be `Update volunteer meeting time`.","hint_2":"Short status should produce no file entries."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git log --oneline\ngit show --stat --oneline HEAD\ngit status --short","instructions":"Inspect the concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status. Confirm that the repository contains four focused commits and no unfinished tracked work.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$3a"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$3b"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the volunteer history?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the newest snapshot summary?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify a clean current state?"}}}}},"description":"Continue the same volunteer-project repository. Add one third file, then create two focused text changes without introducing unrelated files.","title":"Build Focused Volunteer Project History"}},"module-2-volunteer-project-history":{"label":"Module Project: Build Volunteer Project History","summary":"Add one file and record two focused volunteer-project updates.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Continue Volunteer Project"},"project":{"title":"Build Focused Volunteer Project History"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch0":{"title":"Edit the Signup Schedule Entry"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch1":{"title":"Commit the Signup Schedule Entry"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch2":{"title":"Edit the Help Desk Number"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch3":{"title":"Stage and Review the Styles"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch4":{"title":"Commit the Styles Separately"},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch5":{"title":"Audit the Volunteer Project History"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch0":{"title":"Add the Meeting-Times File","prompt":"Continue `volunteer-project/` from its Module 1 snapshot. Create `meeting-times.txt` with exactly three lines: `Volunteer meeting times`, a blank line, and `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM`. Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add volunteer meeting times`.","hint":"Add only the supplied third file and record it separately.","help":{"concept":"This step reuses the familiar new-file workflow: create the exact text, stage the path, and commit it. The repository grows from two files to three without introducing unrelated content.","hint_1":"Do not edit `README.md` or `assignments.txt`.","hint_2":"The new commit should add only `meeting-times.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short\ngit add meeting-times.txt\ngit commit -m \"Add volunteer meeting times\"","instructions":"Continue `volunteer-project/` from its Module 1 snapshot. Create `meeting-times.txt` with exactly three lines: `Volunteer meeting times`, a blank line, and `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM`. Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add volunteer meeting times`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$3c"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$3d"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the new meeting-times file?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the new meeting-times file?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the third file as its own commit?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch1":{"title":"Inspect the Assignment Change","prompt":"Riley has agreed to manage the training desk. Open `volunteer-project/assignments.txt`. Replace `Training desk: unassigned` with `Training desk: Riley`. Save the file, then inspect its unstaged diff.","hint":"Make the exact one-line change and review it before staging.","help":{"concept":"`git diff -- assignments.txt` shows the unstaged assignment change and leaves repository state untouched.","hint_1":"Do not change the welcome-table assignment.","hint_2":"Leave the edit unstaged for the next step."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- assignments.txt","instructions":"Riley has agreed to manage the training desk. Open `volunteer-project/assignments.txt`. Replace `Training desk: unassigned` with `Training desk: Riley`. Save the file, then inspect its unstaged diff.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$3e"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$3f"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the assignment change before staging it?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch2":{"title":"Stage and Review the Assignment Change","prompt":"Stage only `assignments.txt`, then inspect its staged diff.","hint":"Prepare and review one focused purpose.","help":{"concept":"`git add assignments.txt` moves the edit into the staging area. `git diff --staged -- assignments.txt` verifies exactly what the next commit would record.","hint_1":"No other file should be staged.","hint_2":"Do not commit yet."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git add assignments.txt\ngit diff --staged -- assignments.txt","instructions":"Stage only `assignments.txt`, then inspect its staged diff.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$40"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$41"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage only the assignment change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you review the staged assignment change?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch3":{"title":"Commit the Assignment Change","prompt":"Record the staged assignment update with the message `Update volunteer assignments`.","hint":"Commit the prepared one-file snapshot.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m \"Update volunteer assignments\"` records the staged assignment change and leaves the repository ready for the meeting-time update.","hint_1":"Use the exact message.","hint_2":"The repository should be clean immediately afterward."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Update volunteer assignments\"","instructions":"Record the staged assignment update with the message `Update volunteer assignments`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$42"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$43"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the assignment update as its own commit?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch4":{"title":"Move the Orientation Earlier","prompt":"The orientation coordinator moved the session earlier so setup can finish before visitors arrive. Open `volunteer-project/meeting-times.txt`. Replace `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM` with `Orientation: Saturday 9:30 AM`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage the file, review the staged diff, and commit it with the message `Update volunteer meeting time`.","hint":"Follow the complete inspect, stage, review, commit workflow for the exact time change.","help":{"concept":"`git diff` reviews the working-tree edit, `git add` prepares it, `git diff --staged` reviews the proposal, and `git commit` records the focused snapshot.","hint_1":"Do not edit another file.","hint_2":"The new commit should affect only `meeting-times.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- meeting-times.txt\ngit add meeting-times.txt\ngit diff --staged -- meeting-times.txt\ngit commit -m \"Update volunteer meeting time\"","instructions":"The orientation coordinator moved the session earlier so setup can finish before visitors arrive. Open `volunteer-project/meeting-times.txt`. Replace `Orientation: Saturday 10:00 AM` with `Orientation: Saturday 9:30 AM`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage the file, review the staged diff, and commit it with the message `Update volunteer meeting time`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$44"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$45"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the meeting-time change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage the meeting-time change?"},"2":{"message":"Did you review the staged meeting-time change?"},"3":{"message":"Did you record the meeting-time update separately?"}}}},"try_module_2_community_website_history_sketch5":{"title":"Audit the Volunteer Project History","prompt":"Inspect the concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status. Confirm that the repository contains four focused commits and no unfinished tracked work.","hint":"Verify timeline, latest snapshot, and current state.","help":{"concept":"`git log --oneline` audits the sequence, `git show --stat --oneline HEAD` audits the newest snapshot, and `git status --short` verifies the handoff is clean.","hint_1":"The newest message should be `Update volunteer meeting time`.","hint_2":"Short status should produce no file entries."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git log --oneline\ngit show --stat --oneline HEAD\ngit status --short","instructions":"Inspect the concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status. Confirm that the repository contains four focused commits and no unfinished tracked work.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$46"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$47"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the volunteer history?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the newest snapshot summary?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify a clean current state?"}}}}},"description":"Continue the same volunteer-project repository. Add one third file, then create two focused text changes without introducing unrelated files.","title":"Build Focused Volunteer Project History"}},"read-history-with-log-and-show":{"label":"Read the History You Built","summary":"Inspect the community-project history and committed file content without changing state.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Read the Project Timeline"},"sketch1":{"title":"HEAD Names the Current Snapshot"},"sketch2":{"title":"Show Can Read Committed Content"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_read_history_with_log_and_show_sketch0":{"title":"Read the Four-Commit Timeline","prompt":"Read the commit messages from top to bottom and confirm that they appear in this order:\n\n1. `Update community contacts`\n2. `Update community schedule`\n3. `Add community contacts`\n4. `Start community project`\n\nTogether, these messages tell the story of how the project developed without requiring you to open each file.\n","hint":"Use the one-line history view.","help":{"concept":"`git log --oneline` lists commits newest first. It lets you audit the sequence of focused snapshots without changing repository state.","hint_1":"There should be four entries.","hint_2":"Check the messages rather than memorizing commit identifiers."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git log --oneline","instructions":"Read the concise history. Confirm that the newest entries are the contact update, the schedule update, the added contact file, and the original project snapshot.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$48"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$49"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you read the four-entry timeline?"}}}},"try_read_history_with_log_and_show_sketch1":{"title":"Inspect the Latest Snapshot Summary","prompt":"Use `git show --stat --oneline HEAD` to inspect that commit. The output combines its commit message with a compact summary of the file changed in the snapshot.\n\nConfirm that the newest commit is `Update community contacts` and that its statistics include only `contacts.txt`.","hint":"Ask Git to show `HEAD` with a one-line subject and file statistics.","help":{"concept":"`HEAD` names the current commit. `git show --stat --oneline HEAD` displays its subject plus a compact summary of the files changed in that snapshot.","hint_1":"The latest commit should concern `contacts.txt`.","hint_2":"This inspection must not change status."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git show --stat --oneline HEAD","instructions":"Inspect the newest commit and its compact file statistics.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$4a"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$4b"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the latest commit summary?"}}}},"try_read_history_with_log_and_show_sketch2":{"title":"Read a File from the Latest Snapshot","prompt":"Read the committed version of `contacts.txt` directly from `HEAD` without opening or changing the working file.","hint":"Use Git’s `commit:path` form.","help":{"concept":"`git show HEAD:contacts.txt` prints that file exactly as stored in the current commit. It reads history and leaves the working tree untouched.","hint_1":"The output should contain `Help desk: 555-0130`.","hint_2":"Do not redirect the output into a file."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git show HEAD:contacts.txt","instructions":"Read the committed version of `contacts.txt` directly from `HEAD` without opening or changing the working file.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$4c"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$4d"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you read the committed contact file from `HEAD`?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"HEAD in Git","prompt":"What does `HEAD` identify in this course?","hint":"`HEAD` points to the commit currently checked out, not to the staging area or the first commit.","help":{"concept":"Scan the repository timeline, open one checkpoint, understand `HEAD`, and move between overview and detail.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"The first commit ever recorded","b":"The staging area","c":"The currently checked-out commit","d":"The list of ignored paths"}},"multi-choice-1":{"title":"Understanding git log --oneline","prompt":"What information does `git log --oneline` provide?","hint":"Choose the one answer that describes this command or concept precisely.","help":{"concept":"Scan the repository timeline, open one checkpoint, understand `HEAD`, and move between overview and detail.","hint_1":"Remove choices that act on a different repository layer or promise behavior Git does not provide.","hint_2":"Prefer the exact definition used in this chapter over a nearby Git idea."},"options":{"a":"A full line-by-line diff for every commit","b":"A compact one-line summary of each commit","c":"Only the files currently in the staging area","d":"Only the untracked files in the working tree"}},"multi-choice-2":{"title":"Purpose of git show","prompt":"What is the primary purpose of the `git show` command?","hint":"Choose the one answer that describes this command or concept precisely.","help":{"concept":"Scan the repository timeline, open one checkpoint, understand `HEAD`, and move between overview and detail.","hint_1":"Remove choices that act on a different repository layer or promise behavior Git does not provide.","hint_2":"Prefer the exact definition used in this chapter over a nearby Git idea."},"options":{"a":"To list every commit as one short line","b":"To display the details of a selected commit","c":"To initialize an ordinary project folder","d":"To stage every current file"}},"drag-reorder-1":{"title":"Order of Git Commands","prompt":"Arrange the following Git commands in the order you would use them to inspect a commit's history and details.","hint":"Start with the state that must exist before the next action can make sense.","help":{"concept":"Scan the repository timeline, open one checkpoint, understand `HEAD`, and move between overview and detail.","hint_1":"Track how the project moves from working files to a proposed snapshot and then to history.","hint_2":"Read the ordered steps as one continuous repository story."},"tokens":{"t1":"git log --oneline","t2":"git show HEAD"}}}},"stage-intentionally":{"label":"Stage One Purpose at a Time","summary":"Separate two supplied community-project purposes into focused snapshots.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"One Project Can Hold Several Purposes"},"sketch1":{"title":"Stage the First Purpose by Name"},"sketch2":{"title":"Review the Staged Snapshot"},"sketch3":{"title":"Commit, Then Continue"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_stage_intentionally_sketch0":{"title":"Stage Only the Schedule Purpose","prompt":"A focused commit should contain one clear purpose. Use `git add schedule.txt` to stage only the schedule update. The contact change must remain unstaged in the working tree.\n\nAfter staging, the proposed snapshot should contain only the change to `schedule.txt`. Do not commit it yet.","hint":"Name the schedule path explicitly.","help":{"concept":"`git add schedule.txt` copies only the current schedule into the staging area. The contact edit stays unstaged, allowing the two purposes to become separate commits.","hint_1":"Do not use `git add .`.","hint_2":"After staging, short status would show one staged edit and one unstaged edit."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git add schedule.txt","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$4e"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$4f"}},"instructions":"Two unrelated edits are present: the cleanup time in `schedule.txt` and the help-desk number in `contacts.txt`. Stage only `schedule.txt` so the first proposed snapshot contains one purpose.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage only the schedule change?"}}}},"try_stage_intentionally_sketch1":{"title":"Review the Proposed Schedule Snapshot","prompt":"Inspect only the staged change in `schedule.txt` before committing. The unstaged edit in `contacts.txt` must remain outside this comparison.\n\nDo not create the commit yet.\n","hint":"Read the staging-area diff for `schedule.txt`.","help":{"concept":"`git diff --staged -- schedule.txt` compares the staged schedule with the current commit. `--staged` is essential here because ordinary `git diff` reads unstaged work instead.","hint_1":"The output should show only the cleanup-time change.","hint_2":"Do not commit yet."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git diff --staged -- schedule.txt","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$50"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$51"}},"instructions":"Inspect the staged schedule change before committing it. The unstaged contact edit must remain outside this comparison.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you review the staged schedule snapshot?"}}}},"try_stage_intentionally_sketch2":{"title":"Commit the Schedule Separately","prompt":"Now record the staged schedule update with the exact commit message `Update community schedule`.\n\nBecause only `schedule.txt` is staged, the commit will not include the unrelated change in `contacts.txt`.\n\nAfter committing, inspect the short status. Confirm that only the unstaged contact edit remains unfinished, proving that Git committed only the prepared schedule change.\n","hint":"Commit the current staging area, then inspect what remains.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m \"Update community schedule\"` records only the staged schedule. `git status --short` then reveals the still-unstaged contact edit, proving the commit boundary stayed focused.","hint_1":"Do not stage `contacts.txt` before this commit.","hint_2":"The repository should gain one commit and retain one unstaged edit."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Update community schedule\"\ngit status --short","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$52"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$53"}},"instructions":"Record the staged schedule change with the message `Update community schedule`. Then inspect short status and confirm that only the contact edit remains unfinished.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the schedule as its own commit?"},"1":{"message":"Did you verify that the contact edit remains unstaged?"}}}},"try_stage_intentionally_sketch3":{"title":"Record the Contact Change Separately","prompt":"Stage only `contacts.txt`, inspect its staged change, and then create a commit with the exact message `Update community contacts`.\n\nWhen you finish, the contact update should be recorded in its own commit.\n","hint":"Prepare, inspect, and commit the remaining single-purpose change.","help":{"concept":"`git add contacts.txt` stages the remaining edit. `git diff --staged -- contacts.txt` reviews the proposal, and the commit records it as a separate history entry.","hint_1":"The staged diff should contain only the phone-number update.","hint_2":"The final repository state should be clean."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git add contacts.txt\ngit diff --staged -- contacts.txt\ngit commit -m \"Update community contacts\"","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$54"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$55"}},"instructions":"Stage `contacts.txt`, review its staged diff, and record it with the message `Update community contacts`.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the remaining contact change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you review the staged contact change?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the contact update separately?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"Choose a Focused Snapshot","prompt":"Two unrelated files are modified. What best keeps the next commit focused?","hint":"A focused commit starts by staging only the file or files that serve the same purpose.","help":{"concept":"Build the next snapshot one purpose at a time, review the staged version, and reverse a staging decision without losing work.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"Stage only the changes that serve one shared purpose.","b":"To commit changes automatically","c":"To discard every working-tree change","d":"To list the recorded commit history"}},"multi-choice-1":{"title":"A Coherent Snapshot","prompt":"Which practices help keep a commit focused? Select all that apply.","hint":"Judge each option independently; choose only the statements that stay true in this exact repository state.","help":{"concept":"Build the next snapshot one purpose at a time, review the staged version, and reverse a staging decision without losing work.","hint_1":"A partly true option is still wrong if it adds an effect Git does not guarantee.","hint_2":"Use the layer named in the prompt—working tree, staging area, or history—to test each choice."},"options":{"a":"Stage files that serve the same project result.","b":"Review the staged snapshot before committing.","c":"Stage every changed file so status becomes quiet.","d":"Use a subject that describes the result."}},"multi-choice-2":{"title":"Inspect the Staged Boundary","prompt":"Which commands can help verify what is staged?","hint":"Choose the one answer that describes this command or concept precisely.","help":{"concept":"Build the next snapshot one purpose at a time, review the staged version, and reverse a staging decision without losing work.","hint_1":"Remove choices that act on a different repository layer or promise behavior Git does not provide.","hint_2":"Prefer the exact definition used in this chapter over a nearby Git idea."},"options":{"a":"git diff --staged","b":"git diff --staged --name-only","c":"git status --short","d":"git init"}},"fill-blank-1":{"title":"Write a Focused Commit Subject","prompt":"The staged change expands the community cleanup time. Complete the subject: `git commit -m \"[blank1]\"`.","hint":"Choose the term or symbol that matches the exact state described, not a nearby Git concept.","help":{"concept":"Build the next snapshot one purpose at a time, review the staged version, and reverse a staging decision without losing work.","hint_1":"Pay attention to whether the prompt describes an untracked path, a working-tree edit, staged work, or history.","hint_2":"Read spaces, punctuation, and status columns as meaningful when the question shows Git output."},"template":"git commit -m \"[blank1]\"","choices":["Update community cleanup time","changes","update files","work in progress"]}}}},"git-foundations-module-3-manage-tracked-files":{"ignore-generated-files":{"label":"Keep Generated Files Out of History","summary":"Add one generated file, introduce one ignore rule, and stop tracking generated output safely.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ignore Rules Describe Untracked Noise"},"sketch2":{"title":"Tracked Files Need an Extra Step"},"sketch3":{"title":"The Policy Is Project Source"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_ignore_generated_files_sketch0":{"title":"Add a Generated Summary Once","prompt":"To simulate output from the project’s summary tool, create `community-project/generated/summary.txt`. Starting on line 1, enter exactly:\n\n```text\nGenerated summary\n\nCreated automatically from project notes.\n```\n\nSave the file. Then use the terminal to:\n\n1. Inspect the short status and confirm that Git identifies the new file.\n2. Stage only `generated/summary.txt`.\n3. Create a commit with the exact message `Add generated summary`.\n\nThe next steps will reconsider whether an automatically generated file should remain tracked.\n","hint":"Create the supplied generated file and record it so the next lesson can correct that tracking decision.","help":{"concept":"Git can track any text file, even one that can be regenerated. This step intentionally records the summary so you can later learn why an ignore rule alone does not stop tracking an existing path.","hint_1":"Do not create any other generated file yet.","hint_2":"The commit should add only `generated/summary.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short\ngit add generated/summary.txt\ngit commit -m \"Add generated summary\"","instructions":"Create `community-project/generated/summary.txt`. Starting on line 1, enter exactly three lines: `Generated summary`, a blank line, and `Created automatically from project notes.` Save it. Inspect short status, stage the file, and commit it with the message `Add generated summary`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$56"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$57"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the new generated summary?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the generated summary?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the generated summary once?"}}}},"try_ignore_generated_files_sketch2":{"title":"Apply the Ignore Rule to Tracked Output","prompt":"$58","hint":"Track the policy, remove only the summary’s index entry, and verify that the local file is now ignored.","help":{"concept":"A `.gitignore` line containing `generated/` matches untracked files in that folder. Because `summary.txt` was already tracked, `git rm --cached generated/summary.txt` is also required. `--cached` removes the index entry while preserving the working file.","hint_1":"Do not use plain `git rm`, which would delete the local file.","hint_2":"The ignored summary should appear with `!!` when ignored paths are shown."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git add .gitignore\ngit rm --cached generated/summary.txt\ngit status --short --ignored","instructions":"Create `community-project/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Save it. Stage `.gitignore`, then stop tracking `generated/summary.txt` without deleting its local file. Inspect status with ignored paths included. Do not commit yet.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$59"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$5a"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the ignore policy?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stop tracking the summary without deleting it?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify that the local summary is now ignored?"}}}},"try_ignore_generated_files_sketch3":{"title":"Record the Ignore Policy","prompt":"Record the staged changes with the exact commit message:\n\n```bash\ngit commit -m \"Ignore generated output\"\n```\n\nThen inspect the normal short status.\n\nA clean result confirms that the ignore policy was committed and that no tracked changes remain unfinished. The generated summary still exists on the local computer, but Git now leaves it out of ordinary status results and future staging.","hint":"Commit the prepared policy change and verify the tracked state.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m \"Ignore generated output\"` records `.gitignore` and removes the generated summary from the current tracked snapshot. The local summary remains on disk, ignored by the new rule.","hint_1":"Do not delete `generated/summary.txt`.","hint_2":"Normal short status should produce no entries."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Ignore generated output\"\ngit status --short","instructions":"The ignore policy and generated-file untracking are staged. Record them with the message `Ignore generated output`, then confirm that normal short status is clean.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$5b"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$5c"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the ignore policy and tracked-file cleanup?"},"1":{"message":"Did you verify that normal status is clean?"}}}}},"practice":{"ignore-generated-files-single-choice-0":{"title":"Purpose of .gitignore","prompt":"What is the primary purpose of a `.gitignore` file in a Git repository?","hint":"A `.gitignore` rule prevents matching untracked paths from entering ordinary staging and status workflows.","help":{"concept":"Write narrow ignore rules, prove which rule matches, and separate “ignored” from “already tracked.”","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"To track changes in all files","b":"To ignore specific files and directories","c":"To delete files from the repository","d":"To rename files in the repository"}},"ignore-generated-files-single-choice-1":{"title":"Effect of Adding to .gitignore","prompt":"What happens when you add a file to `.gitignore` that has already been committed?","hint":"Ignore rules do not retroactively untrack a file that is already part of repository history.","help":{"concept":"Write narrow ignore rules, prove which rule matches, and separate “ignored” from “already tracked.”","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"The file is automatically deleted from the repository","b":"The file is untracked and removed from history","c":"The file remains tracked and in history","d":"The file is renamed in the repository"}},"ignore-generated-files-multi-choice-0":{"title":"Verify the Ignore Policy","prompt":"Which statements describe the generated-file policy in this lesson? Select all that apply.","hint":"Separate the local file from Git tracking: the summary stays on disk while the ignore rule keeps it out of future snapshots.","help":{"concept":"Write narrow ignore rules, prove which rule matches, and separate “ignored” from “already tracked.”","hint_1":"A partly true option is still wrong if it adds an effect Git does not guarantee.","hint_2":"Use the layer named in the prompt—working tree, staging area, or history—to test each choice."},"options":{"a":"`.gitignore` contains the rule `generated/`.","b":"`generated/summary.txt` remains available locally.","c":"`git rm --cached` deletes the local summary from disk.","d":"Ignored files still appear in ordinary `git status --short` output."}},"ignore-generated-files-drag-reorder-0":{"title":"Stop Tracking a Local-Only File","prompt":"Arrange the safe steps for a file that is already tracked but should remain only on each developer’s machine.","hint":"Start with the state that must exist before the next action can make sense.","help":{"concept":"Write narrow ignore rules, prove which rule matches, and separate “ignored” from “already tracked.”","hint_1":"Track how the project moves from working files to a proposed snapshot and then to history.","hint_2":"Read the ordered steps as one continuous repository story."},"tokens":{"t1":"Add a narrow ignore rule","t2":"Remove the path from Git’s index while keeping the working copy","t3":"Commit the policy change"}}}},"module-3-clean-release-snapshot":{"label":"Module Project: Clean the Volunteer Project Repository","summary":"Finish volunteer-project with path cleanup, one ignore rule, safe recovery, and a clean handoff.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Finish Volunteer Project Cleanly"},"project":{"title":"Prepare the Volunteer Project Handoff"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_3_sketch0":{"title":"Rename Assignments to Roles"},"try_module_3_sketch1":{"title":"Remove the Obsolete Schedule"},"try_module_3_sketch2":{"title":"Write the Exact Ignore File"},"try_module_3_sketch3":{"title":"Stage the Ignore Policy"},"try_module_3_sketch4":{"title":"Create and Recover a README Mistake"},"try_module_3_sketch5":{"title":"Commit and Verify the Volunteer Project Handoff"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_3_sketch0":{"title":"Add the Generated Volunteer Report","prompt":"Create `volunteer-project/generated/report.txt` with exactly three lines: `Generated volunteer report`, a blank line, and `Prepared automatically from assignments.` Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add generated report`.","hint":"Record the supplied generated file once so you can later correct the tracking policy.","help":{"concept":"This mirrors the guided project: a generated file can be committed, but a later ignore policy should keep regeneratable output outside future snapshots.","hint_1":"Do not change the three existing project files.","hint_2":"The commit should add only the report."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short\ngit add generated/report.txt\ngit commit -m \"Add generated report\"","instructions":"Create `volunteer-project/generated/report.txt` with exactly three lines: `Generated volunteer report`, a blank line, and `Prepared automatically from assignments.` Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add generated report`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$5d"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$5e"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the new report?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the report?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the generated report once?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch1":{"title":"Rename Assignments to Roles","prompt":"Rename tracked `assignments.txt` to `roles.txt` with Git.","hint":"Use the Git-aware move for the tracked path.","help":{"concept":"`git mv assignments.txt roles.txt` renames the file and stages the path change together.","hint_1":"Keep it in the repository root.","hint_2":"Do not edit its text."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git mv assignments.txt roles.txt","instructions":"Rename tracked `assignments.txt` to `roles.txt` with Git.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$5f"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$60"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you rename the tracked assignment list to `roles.txt`?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch2":{"title":"Remove the Obsolete Meeting-Time File","prompt":"The orientation schedule has been moved elsewhere. Remove tracked `meeting-times.txt`, then inspect the staged name-status summary.","hint":"Stage the removal and review it with the rename.","help":{"concept":"`git rm meeting-times.txt` deletes and stages the tracked path. `git diff --staged --name-status` shows the intended rename and removal before the final commit.","hint_1":"Do not remove `README.md` or `roles.txt`.","hint_2":"Leave the cleanup staged."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git rm meeting-times.txt\ngit diff --staged --name-status","instructions":"The orientation schedule has been moved elsewhere. Remove tracked `meeting-times.txt`, then inspect the staged name-status summary.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$61"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$62"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the obsolete meeting-time removal?"},"1":{"message":"Did you review the staged path cleanup?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch3":{"title":"Apply the Volunteer Ignore Policy","prompt":"Create `volunteer-project/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Save it. Stage `.gitignore`, stop tracking `generated/report.txt` without deleting it, and inspect status with ignored paths included.","hint":"Add the policy, preserve the local report, and keep the earlier rename and removal staged.","help":{"concept":"`git rm --cached generated/report.txt` removes the tracked relationship while preserving the working file. The `generated/` rule then classifies that local report as ignored.","hint_1":"Do not stage the generated report again.","hint_2":"The staged set should contain the rename, removal, `.gitignore`, and report untracking."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git add .gitignore\ngit rm --cached generated/report.txt\ngit status --short --ignored","instructions":"Create `volunteer-project/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Save it. Stage `.gitignore`, stop tracking `generated/report.txt` without deleting it, and inspect status with ignored paths included.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$63"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$64"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the volunteer ignore policy?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stop tracking the report without deleting it?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify that the local report is ignored?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch4":{"title":"Recover an Accidental README Rewrite","prompt":"Open `volunteer-project/README.md`. Find `Assignments and meeting times.` and replace it with `Accidental release rewrite.` Save the file. Stage the mistake, unstage it without losing the working copy, then restore the committed README. Finally inspect the staged name-status summary; only the intended maintenance work should remain.","hint":"Recover the staging layer first and the working-tree layer second.","help":{"concept":"`git restore --staged README.md` removes the mistake from the proposal; `git restore README.md` then repairs the working file. Other staged paths remain untouched.","hint_1":"Do not clear the rename, removal, or ignore-policy changes.","hint_2":"The final staged summary should not include README.md."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git add README.md\ngit restore --staged README.md\ngit restore README.md\ngit diff --staged --name-status","instructions":"Open `volunteer-project/README.md`. Find `Assignments and meeting times.` and replace it with `Accidental release rewrite.` Save the file. Stage the mistake, unstage it without losing the working copy, then restore the committed README. Finally inspect the staged name-status summary; only the intended maintenance work should remain.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$65"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$66"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the supplied README mistake?"},"1":{"message":"Did you unstage only the README?"},"2":{"message":"Did you restore the README working copy?"},"3":{"message":"Did you verify the intended maintenance snapshot?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch5":{"title":"Commit and Verify the Volunteer Handoff","prompt":"Record the prepared maintenance snapshot with the message `Prepare volunteer project handoff`. Then inspect concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status.","hint":"Commit the staged maintenance work and audit the handoff.","help":{"concept":"`git commit` records the rename, removal, ignore policy, and generated-report untracking together. The history and status commands verify the final repository.","hint_1":"The ignored report and preview remain local.","hint_2":"Normal short status should be empty."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nAssignments and meeting times.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Prepare volunteer project handoff\"\ngit log --oneline\ngit show --stat --oneline HEAD\ngit status --short","instructions":"Record the prepared maintenance snapshot with the message `Prepare volunteer project handoff`. Then inspect concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$67"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$68"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the volunteer maintenance snapshot?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the final history?"},"2":{"message":"Did you inspect the final snapshot summary?"},"3":{"message":"Did you verify the clean tracked state?"}}}}},"description":"Finish the same volunteer-project repository with one generated report, one rename, one removal, one ignore rule, and one safe recovery.","title":"Prepare the Volunteer Project Handoff"}},"module-3-volunteer-project-maintenance":{"label":"Module Project: Clean the Volunteer Project Repository","summary":"Finish volunteer-project with path cleanup, one ignore rule, safe recovery, and a clean handoff.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Finish Volunteer Project Cleanly"},"project":{"title":"Prepare the Volunteer Project Handoff"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_3_sketch0":{"title":"Rename Assignments to Roles"},"try_module_3_sketch1":{"title":"Remove the Obsolete Schedule"},"try_module_3_sketch2":{"title":"Write the Exact Ignore File"},"try_module_3_sketch3":{"title":"Stage the Ignore Policy"},"try_module_3_sketch4":{"title":"Create and Recover a README Mistake"},"try_module_3_sketch5":{"title":"Commit and Verify the Volunteer Project Handoff"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_3_sketch0":{"title":"Add the Generated Volunteer Report","prompt":"To simulate output from a volunteer reporting tool, create `volunteer-project/generated/report.txt` with exactly three lines: `Generated volunteer report`, a blank line, and `Prepared automatically from assignments.` Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add generated report`.","hint":"Record the supplied generated file once so you can later correct the tracking policy.","help":{"concept":"This mirrors the guided project: a generated file can be committed, but a later ignore policy should keep regeneratable output outside future snapshots.","hint_1":"Do not change the three existing project files.","hint_2":"The commit should add only the report."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short\ngit add generated/report.txt\ngit commit -m \"Add generated report\"","instructions":"To simulate output from a volunteer reporting tool, create `volunteer-project/generated/report.txt` with exactly three lines: `Generated volunteer report`, a blank line, and `Prepared automatically from assignments.` Save it, stage it, and commit it with the message `Add generated report`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$69"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$6a"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the new report?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the report?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the generated report once?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch1":{"title":"Rename Assignments to Roles","prompt":"The volunteer team now treats these entries as ongoing roles rather than one-time assignments, so `roles.txt` is a clearer name. Rename tracked `assignments.txt` to `roles.txt` with Git.","hint":"Use the Git-aware move for the tracked path.","help":{"concept":"`git mv assignments.txt roles.txt` renames the file and stages the path change together.","hint_1":"Keep it in the repository root.","hint_2":"Do not edit its text."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git mv assignments.txt roles.txt","instructions":"The volunteer team now treats these entries as ongoing roles rather than one-time assignments, so `roles.txt` is a clearer name. Rename tracked `assignments.txt` to `roles.txt` with Git.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$6b"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$6c"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you rename the tracked assignment list to `roles.txt`?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch2":{"title":"Remove the Obsolete Meeting-Time File","prompt":"The orientation schedule has been moved elsewhere. Remove tracked `meeting-times.txt`, then inspect the staged name-status summary.","hint":"Stage the removal and review it with the rename.","help":{"concept":"`git rm meeting-times.txt` deletes and stages the tracked path. `git diff --staged --name-status` shows the intended rename and removal before the final commit.","hint_1":"Do not remove `README.md` or `roles.txt`.","hint_2":"Leave the cleanup staged."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git rm meeting-times.txt\ngit diff --staged --name-status","instructions":"The orientation schedule has been moved elsewhere. Remove tracked `meeting-times.txt`, then inspect the staged name-status summary.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$6d"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$6e"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the obsolete meeting-time removal?"},"1":{"message":"Did you review the staged path cleanup?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch3":{"title":"Apply the Volunteer Ignore Policy","prompt":"Create `volunteer-project/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Save it. Stage `.gitignore`, stop tracking `generated/report.txt` without deleting it, and inspect status with ignored paths included.","hint":"Add the policy, preserve the local report, and keep the earlier rename and removal staged.","help":{"concept":"`git rm --cached generated/report.txt` removes the tracked relationship while preserving the working file. The `generated/` rule then classifies that local report as ignored.","hint_1":"Do not stage the generated report again.","hint_2":"The staged set should contain the rename, removal, `.gitignore`, and report untracking."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git add .gitignore\ngit rm --cached generated/report.txt\ngit status --short --ignored","instructions":"Create `volunteer-project/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Save it. Stage `.gitignore`, stop tracking `generated/report.txt` without deleting it, and inspect status with ignored paths included.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$6f"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$70"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the volunteer ignore policy?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stop tracking the report without deleting it?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify that the local report is ignored?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch4":{"title":"Recover an Accidental README Rewrite","prompt":"Open `volunteer-project/README.md`. Find `Volunteer coordination notes.` and replace it with `Accidental release rewrite.` Save the file. Stage the mistake, unstage it without losing the working copy, then restore the committed README. Finally inspect the staged name-status summary; only the intended maintenance work should remain.","hint":"Recover the staging layer first and the working-tree layer second.","help":{"concept":"`git restore --staged README.md` removes the mistake from the proposal; `git restore README.md` then repairs the working file. Other staged paths remain untouched.","hint_1":"Do not clear the rename, removal, or ignore-policy changes.","hint_2":"The final staged summary should not include README.md."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git add README.md\ngit restore --staged README.md\ngit restore README.md\ngit diff --staged --name-status","instructions":"Open `volunteer-project/README.md`. Find `Volunteer coordination notes.` and replace it with `Accidental release rewrite.` Save the file. Stage the mistake, unstage it without losing the working copy, then restore the committed README. Finally inspect the staged name-status summary; only the intended maintenance work should remain.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$71"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$72"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the supplied README mistake?"},"1":{"message":"Did you unstage only the README?"},"2":{"message":"Did you restore the README working copy?"},"3":{"message":"Did you verify the intended maintenance snapshot?"}}}},"try_module_3_sketch5":{"title":"Commit and Verify the Volunteer Handoff","prompt":"Record the prepared maintenance snapshot with the message `Prepare volunteer project handoff`. Then inspect concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status.","hint":"Commit the staged maintenance work and audit the handoff.","help":{"concept":"`git commit` records the rename, removal, ignore policy, and generated-report untracking together. The history and status commands verify the final repository.","hint_1":"The ignored report and preview remain local.","hint_2":"Normal short status should be empty."},"starterCode":"# Volunteer Project\n\nVolunteer coordination notes.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Prepare volunteer project handoff\"\ngit log --oneline\ngit show --stat --oneline HEAD\ngit status --short","instructions":"Record the prepared maintenance snapshot with the message `Prepare volunteer project handoff`. Then inspect concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$73"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$74"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the volunteer maintenance snapshot?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the final history?"},"2":{"message":"Did you inspect the final snapshot summary?"},"3":{"message":"Did you verify the clean tracked state?"}}}}},"description":"Finish the same volunteer-project repository with one generated report, one rename, one removal, one ignore rule, and one safe recovery.","title":"Prepare the Volunteer Project Handoff"}},"rename-and-remove-tracked-files":{"label":"Rename and Remove Tracked Files","summary":"Simplify community-project by renaming the schedule and removing the obsolete contact list.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Tracked Paths Change with the Project"},"sketch1":{"title":"Structural Changes Need Review"},"sketch3":{"title":"Group One Cleanup Purpose"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_rename_and_remove_tracked_files_sketch0":{"title":"Rename the Tracked Schedule","prompt":"Rename the tracked file by running:\n\n```bash\ngit mv schedule.txt events.txt\n```\n\nThis command renames the file in the working tree and stages the path change in one action. Git does not store a permanent rename object; when it compares snapshots, it recognizes that the same content moved from one path to another.\n\nLeave the staged rename uncommitted so you can review it with the next project change.\n","hint":"Use the Git-aware move for the tracked path.","help":{"concept":"`git mv schedule.txt events.txt` renames the working file and stages the path change in one action. Git records the before-and-after snapshots rather than storing a special rename object.","hint_1":"Keep the file in the repository root.","hint_2":"Do not edit its text."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git mv schedule.txt events.txt","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$75"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$76"}},"instructions":"The project now calls its schedule `events.txt`. Rename tracked `schedule.txt` to `events.txt` with Git so the path change is staged.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you rename the tracked schedule to `events.txt`?"}}}},"try_rename_and_remove_tracked_files_sketch1":{"title":"Remove the Obsolete Contact List","prompt":"Remove the tracked file by running:\n\n```bash\ngit rm contacts.txt\n```\n\nThis command deletes `contacts.txt` from the working tree and stages its removal in one action.\n\nThen inspect all staged path changes by running:\n\n```bash\ngit diff --staged --name-status\n```\n\nThe summary should show the removal of `contacts.txt` together with the staged rename from `schedule.txt` to `events.txt`. Git uses status letters such as `D` for a deleted file and `R` when it recognizes a likely rename.\n\nLeave both staged changes uncommitted.\n","hint":"Stage the tracked removal and review both structural changes.","help":{"concept":"`git rm contacts.txt` deletes the working file and stages its removal. `git diff --staged --name-status` summarizes staged path changes with status letters such as `D` for deletion and `R` for a likely rename.","hint_1":"Do not remove `README.md` or `events.txt`.","hint_2":"The summary should contain the rename and the contact removal."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git rm contacts.txt\ngit diff --staged --name-status","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$77"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$78"}},"instructions":"The contact list is no longer maintained in this project. Remove tracked `contacts.txt` with Git, then inspect the staged name-status summary together with the schedule rename.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the obsolete contact-list removal?"},"1":{"message":"Did you review both staged path changes?"}}}},"try_rename_and_remove_tracked_files_sketch3":{"title":"Commit the Structural Cleanup","prompt":"Record the staged changes with the exact commit message:\n\n```bash\ngit commit -m \"Organize community project files\"\n```\n\nThen run the short-status command to verify that no unfinished changes remain.\n\nA clean result confirms that the rename to `events.txt` and the removal of `contacts.txt` were both recorded successfully.\n","hint":"Commit the one-purpose path cleanup and verify the result.","help":{"concept":"`git commit -m ...` records the staged repository shape. `git status --short` then confirms that the working tree and staging area match the new snapshot.","hint_1":"Use the exact commit message.","hint_2":"The project should now contain only `README.md` and `events.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Organize community project files\"\ngit status --short","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$79"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$7a"}},"instructions":"Record the staged rename and removal with the message `Organize community project files`. Then confirm that short status is clean.","terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the structural cleanup?"},"1":{"message":"Did you verify a clean state afterward?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"Purpose of git mv","prompt":"What is the primary purpose of the `git mv` command?","hint":"`git mv` combines a working-tree path change with staging that change.","help":{"concept":"Use Git-aware structural operations, review the staged paths, and record a cleanup without losing earlier versions.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"To move a file without tracking","b":"To rename a file and stage the change","c":"To delete a file","d":"To create a new file"}},"single-choice-2":{"title":"Effect of git rm","prompt":"What happens when you use the `git rm` command?","hint":"`git rm` removes the working file and prepares that deletion for the next commit.","help":{"concept":"Use Git-aware structural operations, review the staged paths, and record a cleanup without losing earlier versions.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"The file is moved to a new location","b":"The file is removed from the working tree and staged for deletion","c":"The file is renamed","d":"The file is ignored"}},"multi-choice-1":{"title":"Commands to Verify Staged Changes","prompt":"Which commands can you use to verify staged changes before committing?","hint":"Judge each option independently; choose only the statements that stay true in this exact repository state.","help":{"concept":"Use Git-aware structural operations, review the staged paths, and record a cleanup without losing earlier versions.","hint_1":"A partly true option is still wrong if it adds an effect Git does not guarantee.","hint_2":"Use the layer named in the prompt—working tree, staging area, or history—to test each choice."},"options":{"a":"git status","b":"git diff","c":"git diff --staged","d":"git log"}},"drag-reorder-1":{"title":"Steps to Rename and Commit a File","prompt":"Arrange the steps to rename a file and commit the change using Git.","hint":"Start with the state that must exist before the next action can make sense.","help":{"concept":"Use Git-aware structural operations, review the staged paths, and record a cleanup without losing earlier versions.","hint_1":"Track how the project moves from working files to a proposed snapshot and then to history.","hint_2":"Read the ordered steps as one continuous repository story."},"tokens":{"t1":"Use git mv to rename the file","t2":"Check the status with git status","t3":"Commit the change with git commit"}}}},"restore-without-rewriting-history":{"label":"Recover from Everyday Mistakes","summary":"Restore one unstaged mistake and one staged mistake without rewriting history.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Restore the Layer You Intend"},"sketch1":{"title":"Unstage Without Losing the File"},"sketch2":{"title":"A Staged Mistake May Need Two Actions"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_restore_without_rewriting_history_sketch0":{"title":"Restore an Unstaged README Mistake","prompt":"Open `community-project/README.md` and find:\n\n`Shared community activities and updates.`\n\nReplace it with:\n\n`Accidental rewrite.`\n\nSave the file. Before undoing anything, inspect the unstaged change in `README.md` so you can see exactly what would be discarded.\n\nThen restore the file:\n\n```bash\ngit restore README.md\n```\n\nBy default, `git restore` replaces the working copy with the version currently in the staging area. In this exercise, that staged version matches the current commit, so the accidental rewrite is removed and the committed README returns.\n\nThis command is useful when an unstaged edit is unwanted, but use it carefully: it discards the local change rather than saving it for later.\n\nFinally, inspect the short status and confirm that no tracked change remains.\n","hint":"Review the mistake first, then restore only the working-tree copy.","help":{"concept":"`git restore README.md` replaces the unstaged working copy with the version from the current commit. It does not create, delete, or rewrite earlier commits.","hint_1":"Use `git diff -- README.md` before restoring so you can see what will be discarded.","hint_2":"Ignored generated files may remain on disk without appearing in normal status."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- README.md\ngit restore README.md\ngit status --short","instructions":"Open `community-project/README.md`. Find `Shared community activities and updates.` and replace it with `Accidental rewrite.` Save the file. Inspect its unstaged diff, restore the committed README, and confirm with short status that no tracked change remains.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$7b"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$7c"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the README mistake before discarding it?"},"1":{"message":"Did you restore only the README working copy?"},"2":{"message":"Did you verify that no tracked change remains?"}}}},"try_restore_without_rewriting_history_sketch1":{"title":"Stage and Unstage an Events Mistake","prompt":"Open `community-project/events.txt` and find:\n\n`Saturday cleanup: 9:30 AM`\n\nReplace it with:\n\n`Saturday cleanup: midnight`\n\nSave the file, then stage the change:\n\n```bash\ngit add events.txt\n```\n\nAt this point, the mistaken edit is part of the proposed next snapshot.\n\nRemove it from the staging area by running:\n\n```bash\ngit restore --staged events.txt\n```\n\nThe `--staged` option changes only the staging layer. The edit remains in the working copy of `events.txt`, but it is no longer prepared for the next commit.\n\nDo not restore the file’s text yet.","hint":"Stage the supplied mistake, then correct only the staging layer.","help":{"concept":"`git restore --staged events.txt` replaces the staged version with the version from `HEAD` while preserving the current working-tree text. The unwanted edit therefore remains visible but unstaged.","hint_1":"Do not run plain `git restore events.txt` in this step.","hint_2":"The next exercise will restore the working copy."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git add events.txt\ngit restore --staged events.txt","instructions":"Open `community-project/events.txt`. Find `Saturday cleanup: 9:30 AM` and replace it with `Saturday cleanup: midnight`. Save the file. Stage the mistake, then remove it from the staging area without changing the working file. Do not restore the text yet.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$7d"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$7e"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the supplied events mistake?"},"1":{"message":"Did you unstage it without changing the working file?"}}}},"try_restore_without_rewriting_history_sketch2":{"title":"Restore the Remaining Events Mistake","prompt":"Now discard that unwanted edit and restore the file to the version stored in the current commit:\n\n```bash\ngit restore events.txt\n```\n\nThis second restore changes the working file itself. Together, the two commands correct the mistake in separate steps:\n\n* `git restore --staged events.txt` removed the change from the proposed snapshot.\n* `git restore events.txt` discarded the remaining working-tree edit.\n\nFinally, inspect the short status and confirm that no tracked changes remain unfinished.\n","hint":"Now correct the working-tree layer.","help":{"concept":"`git restore events.txt` replaces the remaining unstaged edit with the committed version. Because the staging area is already clean, one restore command completes the recovery.","hint_1":"The restored line should return to `Saturday cleanup: 9:30 AM`.","hint_2":"Normal short status should be empty."},"starterCode":"# Community Project\n\nShared community activities and updates.\n","solutionCode":"git restore events.txt\ngit status --short","instructions":"The incorrect midnight time remains unstaged in `events.txt`. Restore the committed file, then confirm that short status has no unfinished tracked changes.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$7f"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$80"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you restore the remaining working-tree mistake?"},"1":{"message":"Did you verify the clean tracked state?"}}}}},"practice":{"single-choice-1":{"title":"Purpose of git restore","prompt":"What is the primary purpose of `git restore path` in this course?","hint":"Without `--staged`, `git restore` replaces an unwanted working-tree edit with the recorded version.","help":{"concept":"Correct working-tree and staging mistakes at the right layer while leaving existing commits untouched.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"To discard an unwanted working-tree edit","b":"To record a new commit","c":"To stage an untracked file","d":"To list earlier commits"}},"single-choice-2":{"title":"Effect of git restore --staged","prompt":"What happens when you use `git restore --staged` on a file?","hint":"The `--staged` option changes the staging area while preserving the current working-tree text.","help":{"concept":"Correct working-tree and staging mistakes at the right layer while leaving existing commits untouched.","hint_1":"Remove options that act on a different repository layer than the one named in the question.","hint_2":"Choose the answer that remains accurate even when other unrelated files exist."},"options":{"a":"The file is removed from the staging area but changes are kept","b":"The file is deleted from the repository","c":"The file is committed to the repository","d":"The file is reverted to the last committed state"}},"multi-choice-1":{"title":"Choosing the Correct Restore Command","prompt":"Which commands can discard an unwanted working-tree edit and unstage a file?","hint":"Judge each option independently; choose only the statements that stay true in this exact repository state.","help":{"concept":"Correct working-tree and staging mistakes at the right layer while leaving existing commits untouched.","hint_1":"A partly true option is still wrong if it adds an effect Git does not guarantee.","hint_2":"Use the layer named in the prompt—working tree, staging area, or history—to test each choice."},"options":{"a":"git restore","b":"git restore --staged","c":"git commit","d":"git add"}},"drag-reorder-1":{"title":"Discard a Change That Is Already Staged","prompt":"Arrange the safe correction steps for a file whose accidental rewrite is both staged and present in the working tree.","hint":"Start with the state that must exist before the next action can make sense.","help":{"concept":"Correct working-tree and staging mistakes at the right layer while leaving existing commits untouched.","hint_1":"Track how the project moves from working files to a proposed snapshot and then to history.","hint_2":"Read the ordered steps as one continuous repository story."},"tokens":{"t1":"Remove the accidental version from the staging area","t2":"Restore the working file from the recorded version"}}}}},"git-foundations-module-4-final-capstone":{"final-neighborhood-resource-guide-history":{"label":"Final Capstone: Neighborhood Guide History","summary":"Build a compact four-file baseline and a clean four-commit local history.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Fresh Repository, Independent Transfer"},"project":{"title":"Complete the Neighborhood Guide Capstone"}},"projectSteps":{"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch0":{"title":"Initialize and Record the Baseline"},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch1":{"title":"Add the Neighborhood Resources File"},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch2":{"title":"Update the Help Desk Hours"},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch3":{"title":"Add the Generated-File Policy"},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch4":{"title":"Clean Tracked Paths and Recover a Mistake"},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch5":{"title":"Commit and Audit the Final Handoff"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch0":{"title":"Initialize and Record the Guide Baseline","prompt":"Inside `neighborhood-guide/`, initialize a repository on `main` and store the supplied local author name and email. Stage the four baseline text files—`README.md`, `services.txt`, `hours.txt`, and `old-contacts.txt`—then record them with the message `Start neighborhood guide`.","hint":"Build the first snapshot from the four supplied text files.","help":{"concept":"This capstone combines the Module 1 workflow: initialize, configure local identity, stage the named files, and commit the first snapshot. No programming knowledge is involved.","hint_1":"Use the exact four paths and supplied identity.","hint_2":"Do not create additional files in this step."},"starterCode":"# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n","solutionCode":"git init -b main\ngit config --local user.name \"ZoeSkoul Learner\"\ngit config --local user.email \"learner@zoeskoul.local\"\ngit add README.md services.txt hours.txt old-contacts.txt\ngit commit -m \"Start neighborhood guide\"","instructions":"Inside `neighborhood-guide/`, initialize a repository on `main` and store the supplied local author name and email. Stage the four baseline text files—`README.md`, `services.txt`, `hours.txt`, and `old-contacts.txt`—then record them with the message `Start neighborhood guide`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- neighborhood-guide\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s '# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n' > neighborhood-guide/README.md\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s 'Help desk hours: 10 AM - 4 PM\n' > neighborhood-guide/hours.txt\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s 'Old contact list\n\nRetired phone tree.\n' > neighborhood-guide/old-contacts.txt\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s 'Neighborhood services\n\nWelcome desk\nFood pantry\n' > neighborhood-guide/services.txt\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"#!/usr/bin/env bash\nset -eu\nrm -rf -- neighborhood-guide\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s '# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n' > neighborhood-guide/README.md\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s 'Help desk hours: 10 AM - 4 PM\n' > neighborhood-guide/hours.txt\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s 'Old contact list\n\nRetired phone tree.\n' > neighborhood-guide/old-contacts.txt\nmkdir -p -- neighborhood-guide\nprintf %s 'Neighborhood services\n\nWelcome desk\nFood pantry\n' > neighborhood-guide/services.txt\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you initialize the guide on `main`?"},"1":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local name?"},"2":{"message":"Did you store the supplied local email?"},"3":{"message":"Did you stage the four baseline text files?"},"4":{"message":"Did you record the baseline with the requested message?"}}}},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch1":{"title":"Update the Neighborhood Services","prompt":"A neighborhood health clinic has joined the guide. Open `neighborhood-guide/services.txt`. Add `Health clinic` on a new line immediately after `Food pantry`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage the file, and commit it with the message `Update neighborhood services`.","hint":"Make the exact one-line addition and record it as one focused purpose.","help":{"concept":"`git diff -- services.txt` reviews the added service before staging. Staging and committing only that path creates a focused second snapshot without adding another project file.","hint_1":"Do not change the existing service lines.","hint_2":"The commit should affect only `services.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- services.txt\ngit add services.txt\ngit commit -m \"Update neighborhood services\"","instructions":"A neighborhood health clinic has joined the guide. Open `neighborhood-guide/services.txt`. Add `Health clinic` on a new line immediately after `Food pantry`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage the file, and commit it with the message `Update neighborhood services`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$81"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$82"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the service-list change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the service list?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the service update separately?"}}}},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch2":{"title":"Update the Help Desk Hours","prompt":"The help desk has expanded its weekday availability. Open `neighborhood-guide/hours.txt`. Replace `Help desk hours: 10 AM - 4 PM` with `Help desk hours: 9 AM - 5 PM`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage it, and commit it with the message `Update help desk hours`.","hint":"Review the exact hours change before recording it.","help":{"concept":"The same focused workflow applies: diff the single file, stage it by name, and commit it as its own purpose.","hint_1":"Do not edit another file.","hint_2":"The third commit should affect only `hours.txt`."},"starterCode":"# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n","solutionCode":"git diff -- hours.txt\ngit add hours.txt\ngit commit -m \"Update help desk hours\"","instructions":"The help desk has expanded its weekday availability. Open `neighborhood-guide/hours.txt`. Replace `Help desk hours: 10 AM - 4 PM` with `Help desk hours: 9 AM - 5 PM`. Save the file. Inspect the unstaged diff, stage it, and commit it with the message `Update help desk hours`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$83"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$84"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you inspect the hours change?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the hours file?"},"2":{"message":"Did you record the hours update separately?"}}}},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch3":{"title":"Clean Paths and Recover a README Mistake","prompt":"The guide now distinguishes community services from other future resources, and the retired phone tree is no longer distributed. Open `neighborhood-guide/README.md`. Replace `Local services and opening hours.` with `Accidental rewrite.` and save. Stage that mistake, rename tracked `services.txt` to `community-services.txt`, and remove tracked `old-contacts.txt`. Then unstage and restore only the README mistake. Inspect the staged name-status summary; it should contain the rename and removal, but not `README.md`.","hint":"Keep the intended path maintenance staged while recovering the accidental README edit.","help":{"concept":"Use `git mv` and `git rm` for the intended changes. Use `git restore --staged README.md` followed by `git restore README.md` to remove the mistake from both current layers without disturbing the other staged work.","hint_1":"Do not remove `hours.txt`.","hint_2":"The final staged summary should contain only the rename and removal."},"starterCode":"# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n","solutionCode":"git add README.md\ngit mv services.txt community-services.txt\ngit rm old-contacts.txt\ngit restore --staged README.md\ngit restore README.md\ngit diff --staged --name-status","instructions":"The guide now distinguishes community services from other future resources, and the retired phone tree is no longer distributed. Open `neighborhood-guide/README.md`. Replace `Local services and opening hours.` with `Accidental rewrite.` and save. Stage that mistake, rename tracked `services.txt` to `community-services.txt`, and remove tracked `old-contacts.txt`. Then unstage and restore only the README mistake. Inspect the staged name-status summary; it should contain the rename and removal, but not `README.md`.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$85"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$86"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you stage the supplied README mistake?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage the service-file rename?"},"2":{"message":"Did you stage the obsolete contact-list removal?"},"3":{"message":"Did you unstage only the README mistake?"},"4":{"message":"Did you restore the README working copy?"},"5":{"message":"Did you review the path-maintenance proposal?"}}}},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch4":{"title":"Add the Generated-File Policy","prompt":"A local preview is generated for review and should not become part of repository history. Create `neighborhood-guide/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Create `neighborhood-guide/generated/preview.txt` containing `Temporary neighborhood preview.` Inspect status with ignored paths included, then stage only `.gitignore`. Keep the rename and removal staged.","hint":"Add one policy file and one ignored preview after the obsolete file has already been removed.","help":{"concept":"The `generated/` rule keeps the preview outside future snapshots. `git status --short --ignored` verifies it with `!!`, while `git add .gitignore` adds only the policy to the existing maintenance proposal.","hint_1":"Do not force-add the preview.","hint_2":"The staged set should contain the rename, removal, and `.gitignore`."},"starterCode":"# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n","solutionCode":"git status --short --ignored\ngit add .gitignore","instructions":"A local preview is generated for review and should not become part of repository history. Create `neighborhood-guide/.gitignore` with exactly `generated/` on line 1. Create `neighborhood-guide/generated/preview.txt` containing `Temporary neighborhood preview.` Inspect status with ignored paths included, then stage only `.gitignore`. Keep the rename and removal staged.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$87"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$88"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you verify the ignored preview?"},"1":{"message":"Did you stage only the ignore policy?"}}}},"try_final_neighborhood_resource_guide_history_sketch5":{"title":"Commit and Audit the Final Handoff","prompt":"Record the prepared maintenance snapshot with the message `Prepare neighborhood guide handoff`. Then inspect concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status. The capstone should end with four focused commits and no unfinished tracked work.","hint":"Commit once, then verify timeline, latest snapshot, and current state.","help":{"concept":"The final commit records the ignore policy, service-file rename, and obsolete-file removal. The three inspection commands confirm the complete four-commit story and clean handoff.","hint_1":"The ignored preview remains on disk but outside normal status.","hint_2":"The newest commit should be the maintenance handoff."},"starterCode":"# Neighborhood Guide\n\nLocal services and opening hours.\n","solutionCode":"git commit -m \"Prepare neighborhood guide handoff\"\ngit log --oneline\ngit show --stat --oneline HEAD\ngit status --short","instructions":"Record the prepared maintenance snapshot with the message `Prepare neighborhood guide handoff`. Then inspect concise history, the newest commit summary, and final short status. The capstone should end with four focused commits and no unfinished tracked work.","starterFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$89"}},"solutionFiles":{"zoeskoul_setup_sh":{"content":"$8a"}},"terminalExpectations":{"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"That action can discard or rewrite history. Use the safe, layer-specific workflow taught in this course."}},"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Did you record the final maintenance snapshot?"},"1":{"message":"Did you inspect the four-entry history?"},"2":{"message":"Did you inspect the latest snapshot summary?"},"3":{"message":"Did you verify the clean final state?"}}}}},"description":"The capstone starts in `neighborhood-guide/` with no history from the other projects. File edits are still supplied exactly because this is a Git assessment. Your responsibility is to apply initialization, focused history, path maintenance, ignore rules, safe restore, and final verification across six cumulative steps.","title":"Complete the Neighborhood Guide Capstone"}}}},"linear-algebra":{"linear-algebra-0":{"vectors":{"label":"Vectors: meaning, dimension, and basic operations","summary":"Start with what a vector really is, how dimension works, and how to add or scale vectors.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Vectors as packets of information"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: vectors"}}},"numpy":{"label":"NumPy shapes: 1D, row, column, broadcasting","summary":"Learn the difference between mathematical dimension and NumPy shape so your code behaves the way you expect.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Why shape matters in Python"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: NumPy vectors"}}},"dot":{"label":"Dot product: one number that measures alignment","summary":"Compute dot products and connect the sign of the result to geometry and angle.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Dot product as alignment"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: dot product"}}},"products":{"label":"Hadamard vs outer product","summary":"Separate element-wise multiplication from matrix-building multiplication.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Two very different products"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: products"}}},"projection":{"label":"Projection: the part that points along a direction","summary":"Use projection to isolate the along-the-line part of a vector and separate it from the perpendicular part.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Projection as a shadow"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: projection"}}}},"linear-algebra-2":{"vector_spaces":{"label":"Vector spaces: the rules that make linear algebra work","summary":"Learn the axioms behind vector spaces and why closure, the zero vector, and scalar multiplication matter.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"What makes a set a vector space?"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: vector spaces"}}},"subspaces":{"label":"Subspaces: smaller spaces living inside bigger ones","summary":"Understand when a subset of a vector space inherits the same structure and becomes a subspace.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Subspaces inside larger spaces"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: subspaces"}}},"linear_combinations":{"label":"Linear combinations and span","summary":"Build new vectors from old ones and understand how span describes everything you can reach.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Building vectors from ingredients"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: linear combinations"}}},"linear_independence":{"label":"Linear independence","summary":"Learn when vectors carry genuinely new information and when one vector is redundant.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Redundancy vs independence"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: linear independence"}}},"basis_dimension":{"label":"Basis and dimension","summary":"See how independence and span combine into basis, and how dimension measures the size of a space.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"The minimal building blocks of a space"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: basis and dimension"}}},"transpose":{"label":"Transpose","summary":"Understand transpose as flipping rows and columns and learn the main algebra rules it obeys.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Flipping rows into columns"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: transpose"}}},"determinant":{"label":"Determinant","summary":"Compute determinants and connect them to area scaling, orientation, and invertibility.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Determinant as scaling and orientation"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: determinant"}}},"inverse":{"label":"Inverse","summary":"Learn what an inverse matrix does, when it exists, and how it undoes a transformation.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Undoing a linear transformation"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: inverse"}}},"eigenvalues_eigenvectors":{"label":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","summary":"Study the special directions a matrix only stretches or flips, and the scaling factors attached to them.","cards":{"sketch":{"title":"Special directions that keep their line"},"quiz":{"title":"Quick check: eigenvalues and eigenvectors"}}}}},"linux-terminal-fundamentals":{"linux-module-1-terminal-navigation":{"module-1-terminal-map-project":{"label":"Pwojè: Kat Tèminal","summary":"Trase yon ti katab pou yon pwojè nòt teren lè w itilize ls, cd, ak pwd pou w wè kote w ye epi deplase ant katab yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Rezime pwojè nòt teren pou chan Terminal Map"},"project":{"title":"Pwojè nòt teren pou chan Map Terminal"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"module-1-terminal-map-project-terminal-task-1":{"title":"Antre nan dosye pwojè a","prompt":"Ou ap ede yon ekip sondaj nan pak la trase yon kat tèminal ki egziste deja. Kouri ls, antre nan park-terminal-map, epi itilize pwd pou konfime ou rive nan dosye pwojè a.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsantre sou kote ou ye, ki dosye ou ka wè, ak kote pou deplase apre.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak ls pou w ka wè dosye ou bezwen antre ladan l.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin antre nan dosye pwojè a, kouri pwd pou konfime kote ou ye a."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Lise espas travay la an premye ak ls."},"1":{"message":"Avanse nan pak-terminál-kat la."},"2":{"message":"Kouri pwd apre ou fin antre park-terminal-map."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"club_hub_newsletter_draft_txt":{"content":"Newsletter draft\n"},"club_hub_events_checklist_txt":{"content":"Event checklist\n"},"club_hub_archive_old_note_txt":{"content":"Old note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Build the terminal-map command sequence below.\n"},"park_terminal_map_requests_north_trail_txt":{"content":"North trail request log\n"},"park_terminal_map_maps_current_location_txt":{"content":"Current location checked with pwd and ls\n"},"park_terminal_map_handoff_terminal_map_ready_txt":{"content":"Terminal map ready for the park survey team\n"}},"solutionCode":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\n"},"club_hub_newsletter_draft_txt":{"content":"Newsletter draft\n"},"club_hub_events_checklist_txt":{"content":"Event checklist\n"},"club_hub_archive_old_note_txt":{"content":"Old note\n"}}},"module-1-terminal-map-project-terminal-task-2":{"title":"Jwenn dosye demann yo","prompt":"Nan `park-terminal-map`, fè lis sa ki la, ale nan demann yo, epi itilize `pwd` pou konfime ou jwenn nòt demann yo.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fwa ou anndan yon dosye, ls montre sa ki disponib epi cd mennen ou pi fon nan kat la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls andedan park-terminal-map anvan ou chwazi kote pou ale apre sa.","hint_2":"Kouri pwd apre demann cd yo pou ou ka verifye non dosye a."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak ls andedan park-terminal-map."},"1":{"message":"Ale nan dosye demann yo."},"2":{"message":"Kouri pwd apre ou fin antre demann yo."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"club_hub_newsletter_draft_txt":{"content":"Newsletter draft\n"},"club_hub_events_checklist_txt":{"content":"Event checklist\n"},"club_hub_archive_old_note_txt":{"content":"Old note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\n"},"park_terminal_map_requests_north_trail_txt":{"content":"North trail request log\n"},"park_terminal_map_maps_current_location_txt":{"content":"Current location checked with pwd and ls\n"},"park_terminal_map_handoff_terminal_map_ready_txt":{"content":"Terminal map ready for the park survey team\n"}},"solutionCode":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\ncd newsletter\nls\ncd ..\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\ncd newsletter\nls\ncd ..\n"},"club_hub_newsletter_draft_txt":{"content":"Newsletter draft\n"},"club_hub_events_checklist_txt":{"content":"Event checklist\n"},"club_hub_archive_old_note_txt":{"content":"Old note\n"}}},"module-1-terminal-map-project-terminal-task-3":{"title":"Soti nan demann pou rive nan kat","prompt":"Soti nan demann yo, retounen nan plan-tèminal-pak la, antre nan kat yo, epi itilize pwd pou konfime ou rive nan nòt navigasyon yo.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"cd .. moves you up one level, which is useful when you need to move from one sibling folder to another.","hint_1":"Kite demann yo ak cd .. anvan ou eseye antre nan kat yo.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak pwd nan fen an pou w ka konfime ke maps se dosye kouran ou."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Monte yon nivo pi wo an premye ak cd .."},"1":{"message":"Apre sa, pase nan kat yo."},"2":{"message":"Kouri pwd apre ou fin antre kat yo."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"club_hub_newsletter_draft_txt":{"content":"Newsletter draft\n"},"club_hub_events_checklist_txt":{"content":"Event checklist\n"},"club_hub_archive_old_note_txt":{"content":"Old note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\ncd newsletter\nls\ncd ..\n"},"park_terminal_map_requests_north_trail_txt":{"content":"North trail request log\n"},"park_terminal_map_maps_current_location_txt":{"content":"Current location checked with pwd and ls\n"},"park_terminal_map_handoff_terminal_map_ready_txt":{"content":"Terminal map ready for the park survey team\n"}},"solutionCode":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\ncd newsletter\nls\ncd ..\ncd events\npwd\nls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"ls\ncd club-hub\npwd\ncd newsletter\nls\ncd ..\ncd events\npwd\nls\n"},"club_hub_newsletter_draft_txt":{"content":"Newsletter draft\n"},"club_hub_events_checklist_txt":{"content":"Event checklist\n"},"club_hub_archive_old_note_txt":{"content":"Old note\n"}}}}}},"moving-around":{"label":"Ap deplase ak cd","summary":"Sèvi ak cd, .., ., ak ~ pou deplase ant dosye yo an sekirite.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa chanjman `cd` yo"},"sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak `..`, `.`, ak `~`"},"sketch2":{"title":"Li chemen yo an sekirite anvan ou deplase"},"quiz":{"title":"Tcheke pratik"},"project":{"title":"Bati yon kat navigasyon senp pou espas travay yon kliyan"}},"practice":{"sc-cd-purpose":{"title":"What `cd` does","prompt":"What does `cd` do?","hint":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`, then follow the folder names in order.","help":{"concept":"`cd` changes the current directory; `..` means one parent level and a relative path begins from the current directory.","hint_1":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`, then follow the folder names in order.","hint_2":"Run `pwd` or `ls` after moving so the destination is proven rather than assumed. The current task asks: What does `cd` do?"},"options":{"a":"Changes the current folder","b":"Copies a file","c":"Deletes a file","d":"Prints file content"}},"sc-parent-folder":{"title":"Meaning of `..`","prompt":"In a path, what does `..` mean?","hint":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`, then follow the folder names in order.","help":{"concept":"`cd` changes the current directory; `..` means one parent level and a relative path begins from the current directory.","hint_1":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`, then follow the folder names in order.","hint_2":"Run `pwd` or `ls` after moving so the destination is proven rather than assumed. The current task asks: In a path, what does `..` mean?"},"options":{"a":"The parent folder","b":"A hidden file","c":"The current file","d":"The root password"}},"mc-check-after-cd":{"title":"Verify a navigation result","prompt":"Which commands can help verify a navigation result after `cd`?","hint":"Think about confirming both the destination path and what is present there.","help":{"concept":"`pwd` confirms the current path. `ls` can help confirm that the expected destination contents are present.","hint_1":"One command reports the path itself.","hint_2":"Another inspects the destination contents."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"ls","c":"rm","d":"sudo"}},"dr-navigate-and-check":{"title":"Move and confirm","prompt":"Put the navigation routine in order.","hint":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`, then follow the folder names in order.","help":{"concept":"`cd` changes the current directory; `..` means one parent level and a relative path begins from the current directory.","hint_1":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`, then follow the folder names in order.","hint_2":"Run `pwd` or `ls` after moving so the destination is proven rather than assumed. The current task asks: Put the navigation routine in order."},"tokens":{"t1":"Type `ls` to find a folder","t2":"Type `cd folder-name`","t3":"Type `pwd` or `ls` to confirm"}},"q1":{"title":"Sa`cd` fè","prompt":"Ki kòmand ki chanje dosye kouran ou nan Tèminal Linux la?","hint":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an ak fason kesyon sa a ekri pou limite repons lan.","help":{"concept":"Tèks sipò sa a te repare paske fòmil orijinal la te revele repons lan twò dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Konpare kesyon an ak egzanp leson an epi retire detay ki pa matche ak konsèp ki mande a.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak wòl la oswa prèv ki nonmen nan kesyon an olye pou w konte sou fason ou ekri repons lan."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"cd","c":"ls","d":"cat"}},"moving-around-single-choice-2":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon deskripsyon an.","prompt":"Ki fraz ki pi byen koresponn ak 'Moving Around with cd'?","hint":"Chèche repons ki dekri konsèp prensipal leson an.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a tcheke lide prensipal la nan Moving Around with cd.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an, epi elimine repons ki pa matche avè l.","hint_2":"Chwazi repons ki koresponn ak konsèp kou a, pa yon detay o aza."},"options":{"a":"Li dekri konsèp prensipal la nan leson an.","b":"Li pa gen rapò ak sijè kou a.","c":"Li sote objektif aprenan an.","d":"Li ranplase konsèp la ak yon chemen kout ki pa an sekirite."}},"moving-around-multi-choice-1":{"title":"Chwazi abitid aprantisaj ki an sekirite","prompt":"Ki aksyon ki bon abitid pandan w ap aprann sijè sa a?","hint":"Bon abitid kenbe aprenan an konsantre sou objektif leson an ak rezilta vizib yo.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a tcheke lide prensipal la nan Moving Around with cd.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an, epi elimine repons ki pa matche avè l.","hint_2":"Chwazi repons ki koresponn ak konsèp kou a, pa yon detay o aza."},"options":{"a":"Li enstriksyon an byen anvan ou aji.","b":"Tcheke rezilta w apre w fin fè yon chanjman.","c":"Inegore non egzak yo nan travay la","d":"Sèvi ak rakousi ki pa gen rapò san konprann yo"}},"moving-around-drag-reorder-1":{"title":"Kòmande yon kou sou pratik an sekirite","prompt":"Mete etap aprantisaj sa yo nan yon lòd ki an sekirite.","hint":"Li chak moso epi ranje yo nan lòd deklarasyon an dwe konprann.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo ta dwe fòme yon deklarasyon valab nan yon lòd lojik.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak moso ki prezante lide a oswa aksyon an.","hint_2":"Mete moso depandan yo apre pati yo dekri oswa konplete."},"tokens":{"t1":"Li objektif la","t2":"Eseye yon sèl etap","t3":"Tcheke rezilta a","t4":"Reflechi sou sa k te chanje"}},"q2":{"title":"Monte yon nivo","prompt":"Konplete kòmand ki deplase soti nan dosye aktyèl la pou ale nan dosye paran li.","hint":"Itilize chemen espesyal ki vle di 'dosye paran.'","help":{"concept":"Nan chemen Linux, `..` refere a repètwa ki yon nivo pi wo pase kote ou ye kounye a.","hint_1":"Sa a pa yon kòmand poukont li isit la; se sib la yo itilize apre `cd`.","hint_2":"Ranje kout pou dosye paran an itilize de pwen."},"template":"cd [blank1]","choices":["..",".","~","ls"]},"q3":{"title":"Ale nan yon dosye pwojè","prompt":"Yon script chanje dosye anvan li fè lòt travay. Kisa li ta dwe fè tou pou ou ka konfime li rive nan bon kote a?","hint":"Chèche opsyon ki fè chanjman dosye a vizib nan pwodiksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis navigasyon komen se kreye yon dosye ak `mkdir`, antre ladan l ak `cd`, epi verifye nouvo repètwa travay la ak `pwd`.","hint_1":"Ou bezwen yon kòmand pou kreye dosye a epi yon lòt pou antre ladan l.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin antre nan `client-site`, egzekite kòmand ki enprime repètwa travay aktyèl la pou sòti tèminal la montre nouvo kote a."},"template":"Yon script ki chanje dosye yo ta dwe tou ____ pou rezilta a fasil pou verifye.","choices":["Enprime yon rezilta obsèvab","Kache tout sòti","Efase fichye a imedyatman","Sote pwogram nan"]}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"moving-around-try-it-1":{"title":"Travay final: antre nan yon dosye","prompt":"Ou bezwen antre nan dosye `navigation-practice`. Kouri `ls`, apre sa `cd navigation-practice`, epi `pwd` pou konfime ou deplase.","hint":"Fè lis an premye, deplase dezyèm, epi konfime nouvo adrès ou a ak `pwd`.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `ls` anvan ou deplase."},"1":{"message":"Kouri `cd navigation-practice`."},"2":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` apre ou fin chanje dosye yo."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"newsletter_brief_txt":{"content":"Community newsletter brief\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Move into the guided newsletter destination.\n"},"navigation_practice_start_welcome_txt":{"content":"Start folder\n"},"navigation_practice_reports_today_txt":{"content":"Report folder\n"}},"solutionCode":"cd newsletter\npwd\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"cd newsletter\npwd\n"},"newsletter_brief_txt":{"content":"Community newsletter brief\n"}}},"moving-around-try-it-2":{"title":"Travay terminal: monte ak cd ..","prompt":"Kòmanse andedan `navigation-practice/start`, epi monte yon nivo. Kouri `cd navigation-practice/start`, `pwd`, `cd ..`, ak `pwd` ankò.","hint":"Apre `cd ..`, dezyèm `pwd` la ta dwe montre dosye paran an.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `cd navigation-practice/start`."},"1":{"message":"Kouri `cd ..` pou monte yon dosye."},"2":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` pou konfime kote ou ye."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"library_kit_returns_today_txt":{"content":"Three books returned\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Return one folder level and verify the result.\n"},"navigation_practice_start_welcome_txt":{"content":"Start folder\n"},"navigation_practice_reports_today_txt":{"content":"Report folder\n"}},"solutionCode":"cd ..\npwd\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"cd ..\npwd\n"},"library_kit_returns_today_txt":{"content":"Three books returned\n"}}},"moving-around-try-it-3":{"title":"Travay final: retounen lakay ak cd ~","prompt":"Sote soti nan yon dosye anndan yon lòt pou retounen nan dosye lakay ou. Kouri `cd navigation-practice/reports`, `pwd`, `cd ~`, ak `pwd` ankò.","hint":"Sèvi ak `~` kòm chemen kout pou retounen nan dosye lakay ou, epi konfime ak `pwd`.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `cd navigation-practice/reports`."},"1":{"message":"Kouri `cd ~` pou retounen lakay."},"2":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` pou konfime kote ou ye."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"museum_tour_signs_labels_txt":{"content":"Entrance\nExit\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Navigate to the requested relative destination.\n"},"navigation_practice_start_welcome_txt":{"content":"Start folder\n"},"navigation_practice_reports_today_txt":{"content":"Report folder\n"}},"solutionCode":"cd museum-tour/signs\nls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"cd museum-tour/signs\nls\n"},"museum_tour_signs_labels_txt":{"content":"Entrance\nExit\n"}}}},"try_moving_around_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: antre nan yon dosye","prompt":"Kouri `ls`, apre sa `cd navigation-practice`, epi `pwd` pou konfime chanjman dosye a."},"try_moving_around_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: monte nan repètwa anlè a ak cd ..","prompt":"Kouri `cd navigation-practice/start`, `pwd`, `cd ..`, ak `pwd` ankò pou pratike deplase nan dosye paran an."},"try_moving_around_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: retounen lakay ou ak CD ~","prompt":"Kouri `cd navigation-practice/reports`, `pwd`, `cd ~`, ak `pwd` ankò pou pratike chemen kout dosye lakay ou."}}},"what-the-terminal-is":{"label":"Sa ki Tèminal la ye","summary":"Konprann tèminal la kòm yon kote pou tape kòmand epi wè òdinatè a reponn.","cards":{"course-introduction":{"title":"Course introduction"},"sketch0":{"title":"Tèminal la se yon konvèsasyon ak òdinatè w la."},"sketch1":{"title":"Kòmand se enstriksyon, epi sòti a se repons lan."},"sketch2":{"title":"Poukisa moun itilize tèminal la"},"quiz":{"title":"Pratik"}},"practice":{"sc-terminal-output":{"title":"What output means","prompt":"In the terminal, what is output?","hint":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","help":{"concept":"The terminal follows a command → output → verification cycle.","hint_1":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","hint_2":"Use the requested safe inspection command and compare its output with the exact task. The current task asks: In the terminal, what is output?"},"options":{"a":"The text the terminal prints after a command","b":"A folder that stores commands","c":"A file that must be deleted","d":"The name of the mouse pointer"}},"mc-safe-inspection":{"title":"Run a terminal command","prompt":"Which actions are part of correctly running a simple terminal command?","hint":"Think about what happens after the prompt appears and before you receive output.","help":{"concept":"A basic interaction is: type a command, submit it, then read the terminal's result.","hint_1":"The prompt itself is not part of the command.","hint_2":"The command must be submitted before output appears."},"options":{"a":"Type the command at the prompt","b":"Press Enter to run the command","c":"Assume it worked without reading the result","d":"Copy the prompt symbols into the command"}},"dr-terminal-flow":{"title":"Order a terminal interaction","prompt":"Put the parts of a simple terminal interaction in order.","hint":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","help":{"concept":"The terminal follows a command → output → verification cycle.","hint_1":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","hint_2":"Use the requested safe inspection command and compare its output with the exact task. The current task asks: Put the parts of a simple terminal interaction in order."},"tokens":{"t1":"The prompt appears","t2":"You type a command","t3":"You press Enter","t4":"You read the output"}},"sc-before-changing":{"title":"Before changing files","prompt":"What is the best first move in a new workspace?","hint":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","help":{"concept":"The terminal follows a command → output → verification cycle.","hint_1":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","hint_2":"Use the requested safe inspection command and compare its output with the exact task. The current task asks: What is the best first move in a new workspace?"},"options":{"a":"Inspect where you are and what is nearby","b":"Delete temporary-looking files immediately","c":"Move every file into one folder","d":"Use sudo just in case"}},"sc-terminal-purpose":{"title":"Sa tèminal la fè","prompt":"Ou ap ede òganize yon espas travay klib ak dosye ak fichye. Ki sa ki pi byen dekri tèminal la?","hint":"Panse si tèminal la se yon kote pou tape enstriksyon oswa yon kote ki estoke fichye poukont li.","help":{"concept":"Tèminal la se yon entèfas pou antre kòmand epi wè repons òdinatè a. Li pa menm bagay ak yon dosye, yon fichye oswa yon sistèm operasyon.","hint_1":"Deside ki chwa dekri entèraksyon an: ou tape yon bagay, epi òdinatè a reponn.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki dekri yon zouti tèks pou egzekite kòmand."},"options":{"a":"Yon espas tèks pou tape kòmand epi wè òdinatè a reponn","b":"Yon dosye ki anrejistre otomatikman tout fichye ou kreye.","c":"Yon fichye espesyal ki bay lis tout kòmand ki sou òdinatè a","d":"Yon pwosesis an fon ki fonksyone san entèvansyon itilizatè"}},"sc-pwd-vs-ls":{"title":"Chwazi bonbi kòmandman an","prompt":"Yon aprenan tape yon kòmand paske li vle konnen nan ki dosye li ye kounye a anvan li lisye fichye yo. Ki kòmand ki matche ak objektif sa a?","hint":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an ak fason kesyon sa a ekri pou limite repons lan.","help":{"concept":"Tèks sipò sa a te ranje paske fòmil orijinal la te revele repons lan twò dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Konpare kesyon an ak egzanp leson an epi retire detay ki pa matche ak konsèp ki mande a.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak wòl la oswa prèv ki nonmen nan enstriksyon an olye pou w konte sou fason ou fòmile repons lan."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"ls","c":"cat","d":"touch"}},"mc-terminal-workflow":{"title":"Kisa ki dwe nan yon workflow debaz pou tèminal","prompt":"Chwazi tout aksyon ki koresponn ak lide pou itilize tèminal la pou enspekte yon espas travay an sekirite nan kòmansman yon travay.","hint":"Panse a kòmand ki ede w tcheke kote w ye a epi wè sa ki nan dosye aktyèl la.","help":{"concept":"Travay ak workflow nan tèminal la souvan kòmanse ak kòmand enspeksyon tankou `pwd` ak `ls` pou ou konprann kote ou ye kounye a ak sa ki ladan l anvan ou fè chanjman.","hint_1":"Chèche aksyon ki ede w oryante w anvan w kreye, deplase oswa efase anyen.","hint_2":"De nan chwa sa yo se chèk dirèk: youn montre dosye aktyèl ou a epi lòt la lis atik ki ladan l."},"options":{"a":"Kouri `pwd` pou konfime dosye aktyèl la.","b":"Kouri `ls` pou wè fichye ak dosye nan kote aktyèl la.","c":"Sèvi ak `sudo` pou w gen kontwòl total anvan w tcheke anyen.","d":"Enstale yon pake pou tèminal la ka montre non dosye yo"}},"dr-terminal-check-sequence":{"title":"Mande yon verifikasyon senp sou tèminal la.","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan pi bon lòd pou yon debutan ki louvri tèminal la epi ki vle konprann espas travay la anvan li fè nenpòt lòt bagay.","hint":"Li chak moso epi ranje yo nan lòd deklarasyon an dwe konprann.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo ta dwe fòme yon deklarasyon valab nan yon lòd lojik.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak moso ki prezante lide a oswa aksyon an.","hint_2":"Mete moso depandan yo apre pati yo dekri oswa konplete."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri tèminal la","t2":"Kouri `pwd`","t3":"Kouri `ls`"}},"fb-pwd-meaning":{"title":"Konplete siyifikasyon kòmandman an","prompt":"Ranpli kòmand ki manke a pou sitiyasyon sa a: ou vle tèminal la montre kote dosye aktyèl ou ye a.","hint":"Chwazi kòmand ki enprime repètwa k ap travay la.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term` se kòmand ki sèvi pou afiche repètwa travay aktyèl la nan tèminal la.","hint_1":"Kòmand sa a se yon abrevyasyon pou enprime repètwa k ap travay la.","hint_2":"Se kòmand ou itilize lè ou vle tèminal la reponn \"Ki kote mwen ye?\""},"template":"Pou montre kote dosye aktyèl ou ye a, tape `[blank1]`.","choices":["pwd","ls","cat","mkdir"]},"fb-ls-purpose":{"title":"Konplete objektif kòmandman an","prompt":"Ranpli kòmand ki manke pou sitiyasyon sa a: ou nan yon dosye pwojè epi ou vle wè non fichye ak dosye ki ladan l.","hint":"Chwazi kòmand ki lis atik yo nan repètwa aktyèl la.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term` Lis sa ki nan repètwa aktyèl la, tankou fichye ak dosye.","hint_1":"Kòmand sa a ede w reponn \"Ki sa ki la a?\"","hint_2":"Se pa kòmand pou montre kote ou ye a; se kòmand pou lis non yo."},"template":"Pou lis non fichye ak dosye ki nan repètwa aktyèl la, tape `[blank1]`.","choices":["pwd","touch","ls","mv"]}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"what-terminal-is-try-it-1":{"title":"Try It: Find Your Current Location","prompt":"You are starting at the welcome desk. Run `pwd` to see the full path of the folder the terminal opened in.","hint":"This is a guided first command. Read the path the terminal prints before continuing.","help":{"concept":"The shell always has a current working directory.","hint_1":"Use the command that prints the working directory.","hint_2":"The answer appears in the terminal output."},"starterCode":"# Run the guided orientation command in the terminal.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Type `pwd` to print the current folder."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"welcome_desk_shift_note_txt":{"content":"Morning volunteer shift\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Run the guided orientation command in the terminal.\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\n"},"welcome_desk_shift_note_txt":{"content":"Morning volunteer shift\n"}}},"what-terminal-is-try-it-2":{"title":"Practice: Inspect the Supply Room","prompt":"Take a quick look around the supply room. Find out which files and folders are already there without changing anything.","hint":"Use the read-only command that lists the current directory.","help":{"concept":"Inspecting a directory is different from changing it.","hint_1":"You only need to see the names already present.","hint_2":"Do not move or modify anything."},"starterCode":"# Inspect the current workspace without changing it.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Type `ls` to list the supply room."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"supply_room_labels_txt":{"content":"Name tags\n"},"supply_room_inventory_txt":{"content":"Markers\nTape\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Inspect the current workspace without changing it.\n"}},"solutionCode":"ls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"ls\n"},"supply_room_labels_txt":{"content":"Name tags\n"},"supply_room_inventory_txt":{"content":"Markers\nTape\n"}}},"what-terminal-is-try-it-3":{"title":"Use the first safe check","prompt":"A teammate left you at the check-in desk. Type `pwd`, then `ls`, before deciding what to do next. Press **Enter** after each command and wait for its result before typing the next one.","hint":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","help":{"concept":"The terminal follows a command → output → verification cycle.","hint_1":"Separate the prompt from the command and read the response before continuing.","hint_2":"Use the requested safe inspection command and compare its output with the exact task. The current task asks: A teammate left you at the check-in desk. Type `pwd`, then `ls`, before deciding what to do next."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Type `pwd` first to confirm your location."},"1":{"message":"Type `ls` to inspect the current folder."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"check_in_arrival_note_txt":{"content":"Open doors at 8:00\n"}}},"what-the-terminal-is-try-it-1":{"prompt":"Ou fèk louvri yon espas travay pataje. Kouri `pwd` pou wè kote w ap kòmanse.","title":"Travay final: kouri pwd","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` pou enprime repètwa travay aktyèl la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."}}},"starterFiles":{"terminal_tour_location_readme_txt":{"content":"Run pwd to ask the terminal where you are.\n"}}},"what-the-terminal-is-try-it-2":{"title":"Travay terminal: kouri ls","prompt":"Gade alantou rapidman. Kouri `ls` pou wè sa ki nan dosye aktyèl la.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `ls` pou lis sa ki nan dosye aktyèl la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."}}},"starterFiles":{"terminal_tour_notes_txt":{"content":"notes\n"},"terminal_tour_photos_readme_txt":{"content":"photo folder\n"}}},"what-the-terminal-is-try-it-3":{"title":"Travay final: mande kote ak sa","prompt":"Anvan ou chanje anyen, oryante tèt ou. Kouri `pwd`, epi `ls`.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` an premye."},"1":{"message":"Kouri `ls` apre pwd."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."}}},"starterFiles":{"event_plan_schedule_txt":{"content":"10:00 setup\n"},"event_plan_guests_txt":{"content":"Guests\n"}}}},"try_what_the_terminal_is_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: kouri pwd","prompt":"Kouri `pwd` pou wè dosye aktyèl ou a."},"try_what_the_terminal_is_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: kouri ls","prompt":"Kouri `ls` pou lis sa ki nan dosye aktyèl la."},"try_what_the_terminal_is_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: kouri pwd epi ls","prompt":"Kouri `pwd`, epi `ls`, pou wè kote ou ye anvan ou kòmanse travay."}}},"where-am-i":{"label":"Ki kote mwen ye? modpas ak ls","summary":"Sèvi ak pwd ak ls pou enspekte dosye kouran ou a epi wè sa ki ladan l.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sèvi ak `pwd` pou jwenn kote ou ye kounye a."},"sketch1":{"title":"Itilize `ls` pou wè sa ki nan dosye aktyèl la."},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak `pwd` ak `ls` ansanm pou oryante tèt ou."},"quiz":{"title":"Tcheke pratik"}},"practice":{"sc-pwd-purpose":{"title":"Sa `pwd` di w","prompt":"Ou ap òganize fichye pou yon klib etidyan epi ou vle konfime dosye kouran ou an anvan ou fè anyen lòt. Ki kòmand ki montre kote ou ye kounye a nan sistèm fichye a?","hint":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an ak fason kesyon sa a ekri pou limite repons lan.","help":{"concept":"Tèks sipò sa a te repare paske tèks orijinal la te revele repons lan twò dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Konpare kesyon an ak egzanp leson an epi retire detay ki pa matche ak konsèp ki mande a.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak wòl la oswa prèv ki nonmen nan enstriksyon an olye pou w konte sou fason ou ekri repons lan."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"ls","c":"cd","d":"touch"}},"sc-ls-purpose":{"title":"Sa `ls` montre","prompt":"Ou nan yon dosye ki rele `newsletter` epi ou vle wè si li genyen `drafts`, `images`, ak `todo.txt`. Ki kòmand ou ta dwe itilize?","hint":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an ak fason kesyon sa a ekri pou limite repons lan.","help":{"concept":"Tèks sipò sa a te ranje paske tèks orijinal la te revele repons lan twò dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Konpare chak opsyon ak sijè egzak ki nonmen nan kesyon an.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak wòl la oswa prèv ki nonmen nan enstriksyon an olye pou w konte sou fason ou ekri repons lan."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"mkdir","c":"ls","d":"mv"}},"mc-inspection-commands":{"title":"Commands that only inspect","prompt":"Choose the commands that inspect without creating, moving, or removing files.","hint":"Run `pwd` before interpreting a relative path, then use `ls` on the folder named in the task.","help":{"concept":"`pwd` confirms the current directory and `ls` reports the names inside it.","hint_1":"Run `pwd` before interpreting a relative path, then use `ls` on the folder named in the task.","hint_2":"Do not create or move files in an inspection task; verify location and names only. The current task asks: Choose the commands that inspect without creating, moving, or removing files."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"ls","c":"mv","d":"rm"}},"dr-safe-check-order":{"title":"Orient before choosing an action","prompt":"Put this safe orientation routine in order.","hint":"Establish location first, inspect the folder second, then decide what should happen next.","help":{"concept":"Orientation establishes context before a modifying command is chosen.","hint_1":"First determine the working directory.","hint_2":"Then inspect its contents before deciding what to do."},"tokens":{"t1":"Run `pwd` to confirm the current location","t2":"Run `ls` to inspect the current folder","t3":"Read both results before choosing the next action"}},"mc-safe-inspection":{"title":"Kòmand enspeksyon an sekirite","prompt":"Chwazi tout kòmand ki anba yo ki enspekte kote w oswa kontni dosye w san kreye, deplase, oswa efase fichye.","hint":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an ak fason kesyon sa a ekri pou limite repons lan.","help":{"concept":"Tèks sipò sa a te repare paske mo orijinal yo te revele repons lan twò dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Konpare chak opsyon ak sijè egzak ki nonmen nan kesyon an.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak wòl la oswa prèv ki nonmen nan kesyon an olye pou w konte sou fason ou fòmile repons lan."},"options":{"a":"pwd","b":"ls","c":"mkdir","d":"cd"}},"dr-orient-yourself":{"title":"Yon bon woutin pou premye verifikasyon","prompt":"Mete aksyon sa yo nan yon lòd ki fè sans pou w oryante w nan yon nouvo dosye espas travay anvan w fè chanjman.","hint":"Premyeman konfime kote a, apre sa enspekte sa ki ladan l, epi deside kisa pou w fè apre sa.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis travay ki an sekirite pou debutan se idantifye repètwa kouran ou an premye, enspekte sa ki ladan l an dezyèm, epi sèlman apre sa chwazi aksyon pwochen ou an.","hint_1":"Kòmand ki montre chemen ou a dwe vini anvan kòmand ki lisye fichye yo.","hint_2":"Dènye etap la se pa yon lòt kòmand isit la; se deside sou baz sa ou te aprann."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kouri `pwd`","t2":"Kouri `ls`","t3":"Deside kòmandman pwochen ou."}},"fb-pwd-expansion":{"title":"Elaji non kòmand lan","prompt":"Konplete fraz la sou `pwd`.","hint":"`w` nan `pwd` refere a repètwa w ap itilize kounye a.","help":{"concept":"`pwd` Li elaji pou 'enprime direktwa tèm ki manke a.' Konnen fraz konplè a ede konekte non kòmand lan ak travay li.","hint_1":"Mo ki manke a se ant 'print' ak 'directory'.","hint_2":"Li dekri repètwa kote w ap aktif kounye a."},"template":"`pwd` Vle di enprime [blank1] repètwa.","choices":["lakay","ap travay","Paran","nan lis"]},"fb-ls-meaning":{"title":"Chwazi kòmand ki kòrèk la pou kontni an.","prompt":"Konplete fraz kòmand lan pou verifye sa ki anndan dosye aktyèl la.","hint":"Sèvi ak kòmand ki lis non yo nan repètwa aktyèl la.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term` Se kòmand pou lis kontni repètwa aktyèl la. Li ede w enspekte fichye ak dosye san w pa chanje yo.","hint_1":"Sa a se pa kòmand ki enprime chemen konplè a.","hint_2":"Kòmand kòrèk la gen de lèt epi li kòmanse ak `l`."},"template":"Pou wè fichye ak dosye ki nan repètwa aktyèl la, kouri `[blank1]`.","choices":["pwd","ls","cd","mkdir"]}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"where-am-i-try-it-1":{"title":"Travay final: verifye kote w ye ak pwd","prompt":"Ou fèk louvri yon dosye pwojè. Kouri `pwd` pou verifye kote ou ye kounye a.","hint":"Egzekite kòmand ki make nan prompt la. Pa gen okenn fichye ki bezwen kreye oswa chanje isit la.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach 'Try It' pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki soti nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` pou montre dosye aktyèl la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"newsroom_assignment_txt":{"content":"Draft the Saturday update\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Confirm the current newsroom location.\n"},"orientation_demo_readme_txt":{"content":"Use pwd to print your current folder.\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\n"},"newsroom_assignment_txt":{"content":"Draft the Saturday update\n"}}},"where-am-i-try-it-2":{"title":"Travay tèminal: lisye dosye aktyèl la ak ls","prompt":"Ou pral kòmanse travay nan dosye sa a. Kouri `ls` pou wè sa ki deja la.","hint":"Egzekite kòmand ki make nan prompt la. Travay sa a se sèlman pou verifye sa ki deja la.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `ls` pou lis dosye aktyèl la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"art_table_brushes_txt":{"content":"Small brush\nLarge brush\n"},"art_table_paint_list_txt":{"content":"Blue\nYellow\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Inspect the current art-table folder.\n"},"orientation_demo_notes_txt":{"content":"orientation notes\n"},"orientation_demo_archive_readme_txt":{"content":"archive folder\n"}},"solutionCode":"ls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"ls\n"},"art_table_brushes_txt":{"content":"Small brush\nLarge brush\n"},"art_table_paint_list_txt":{"content":"Blue\nYellow\n"}}},"where-am-i-try-it-3":{"title":"Travay final: oryante ak pwd ak ls","prompt":"Kòmanse tankou yon koekipye ki pran prekosyon. Kouri `pwd`, epi `ls`, pou oryante tèt ou anvan ou fè chanjman.","hint":"Itilize `pwd` an premye, epi `ls`, jis jan enstriksyon an mande.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `pwd` anvan ou fè lis fichye yo."},"1":{"message":"Kouri `ls` apre pwd."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"event_desk_run_sheet_txt":{"content":"Doors open at 6:00\n"},"event_desk_contact_txt":{"content":"Call the coordinator\n"},"reports_summary_txt":{"content":"weekly summary\n"},"reports_archive_readme_txt":{"content":"archive\n"}}}},"try_where_am_i_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: verifye kote w ak pwd","prompt":"Kouri `pwd` pou wè dosye aktyèl ou a."},"try_where_am_i_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: lis dosye aktyèl la ak ls","prompt":"Kouri `ls` pou wè sa ki nan dosye aktyèl la."},"try_where_am_i_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: oryante ak pwd ak ls","prompt":"Kouri `pwd`, epi `ls`, pou tcheke kote w ye ak dosye ki toupre w anvan ou kòmanse."}}}},"linux-module-2-files-and-folders":{"copy-move-rename":{"label":"Kopi, Deplase, ak Chanje Non","summary":"Sèvi ak cp ak mv pou kopye, òganize, ak renome fichye yo an sekirite.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Kopi dosye ak cp"},"sketch1":{"title":"Deplase fichye ak dosye avèk mv"},"sketch2":{"title":"Chanje non ak mv"},"quiz":{"title":"Tcheke pratik"},"project":{"title":"Òganize dosye etid yon etidyan"}},"practice":{"sc-copy-keeps-original":{"title":"Copy without removing original","prompt":"Which command copies `a.txt` to `b.txt` and keeps `a.txt`?","hint":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","help":{"concept":"`cp` preserves the source by creating a copy; `mv` relocates or renames the source.","hint_1":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","hint_2":"Verify both locations: a copy leaves both files, while a move or rename removes the old path. The current task asks: Which command copies `a.txt` to `b.txt` and keeps `a.txt`?"},"options":{"a":"cp a.txt b.txt","b":"mv a.txt b.txt","c":"rm a.txt","d":"cd a.txt"}},"sc-move-command":{"title":"Move into a folder","prompt":"Which command moves `note.txt` into `handoff/note.txt`?","hint":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","help":{"concept":"`cp` preserves the source by creating a copy; `mv` relocates or renames the source.","hint_1":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","hint_2":"Verify both locations: a copy leaves both files, while a move or rename removes the old path. The current task asks: Which command moves `note.txt` into `handoff/note.txt`?"},"options":{"a":"mv note.txt handoff/note.txt","b":"cp note.txt","c":"cat handoff/note.txt","d":"pwd note.txt"}},"mc-mv-uses":{"title":"Two uses of `mv`","prompt":"What can `mv` do in this course?","hint":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","help":{"concept":"`cp` preserves the source by creating a copy; `mv` relocates or renames the source.","hint_1":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","hint_2":"Verify both locations: a copy leaves both files, while a move or rename removes the old path. The current task asks: What can `mv` do in this course?"},"options":{"a":"Move a file into another folder","b":"Rename a file","c":"Count lines","d":"Print the current folder"}},"dr-backup-then-move":{"title":"Required backup before handoff","prompt":"A handoff requires a backup copy before the working file is moved. Put the required steps in order.","hint":"Preserve the backup first, perform the move second, then verify.","help":{"concept":"`cp` preserves the source by creating a copy; `mv` relocates or renames the source.","hint_1":"Read the source and destination paths from left to right before running the command.","hint_2":"Verify both locations: a copy leaves both files, while a move or rename removes the old path. The current task asks: Put these handoff steps in a safe order."},"tokens":{"t1":"Create the required backup copy","t2":"Move the working file into handoff","t3":"List the destination to verify"}},"sc-which-command-renames":{"title":"Idantifye kòmand pou chanje non an.","prompt":"Ki kòmand ki renome `plan.txt` pou `project-plan.txt` nan menm dosye a?","hint":"Chanje non itilize menm kòmandman ak deplase.","help":{"concept":"Linux itilize `mv` pou deplase ak renome paske toude aksyon sa yo chanje chemen yon fichye.","hint_1":"Yon kòmand kopi ta kite de fichye dèyè, sa pa yon chanje non.","hint_2":"Chwazi kòmand ki chanje ansyen non an dirèkteman an nouvo non an."},"options":{"a":"cp plan.txt project-plan.txt","b":"mv plan.txt project-plan.txt","c":"ls plan.txt project-plan.txt","d":"cat plan.txt project-plan.txt"}},"mc-copy-vs-move":{"title":"Chwazi deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou cp ak mv.","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Yon kòmand kopye yon fichye, epi lòt la chanje kote li oswa non li.","help":{"concept":"`cp` Kreye yon kopi anplis, tandiske '`mv`' chanje chemen fichye a, konsa kote oswa non orijinal la pa rete menm jan ankò.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon ki koresponn ak sa k rive dosye orijinal la apre chak kòmand.","hint_2":"Yon chwa kòrèk ta dwe dekri swa duplikasyon ak `cp` oswa relocation/renaming ak `mv`."},"options":{"a":"`cp notes.txt backup.txt` Li kite `notes.txt` an plas epi li kreye `backup.txt`.","b":"`mv draft.txt final.txt` ka chanje non yon fichye nan menm dosye a.","c":"`cp report.txt archive/` Eliye dosye orijinal la.","d":"`mv essay.txt folder/` Kreye de kopi de \"`essay.txt`\"."}},"mc-safe-command-choice":{"title":"Chwazi kòmand ki matche ak objektif la.","prompt":"Ou vle kenbe fichye orijinal la `notes.txt` epi tou kreye yon lòt vèsyon ak yon non diferan. Ki kòmand ki ta reyalize objektif sa a? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Ou bezwen kòmand ki kopye, pa deplase.","help":{"concept":"Lè orijinal la dwe rete, itilize `cp`. Yon chanje non oswa deplase ak `mv` chanje chemen orijinal la olye pou l prezève li.","hint_1":"Nenpòt kòmandman kòrèk ta dwe kite `notes.txt` toujou egziste apre li fin kouri.","hint_2":"Chèche kòmand `cp` ki itilize `notes.txt` kòm sous la ak yon chemen oswa non destinasyon diferan."},"options":{"a":"`cp notes.txt notes-copy.txt`","b":"`mv notes.txt notes-copy.txt`","c":"`cp notes.txt backups/notes.txt`","d":"`mv notes.txt backups/`"}},"dr-copy-then-rename-flow":{"title":"Kòmande workflow fichye a","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou fè yon kopi sekou `outline.txt` epi chanje non kopi a pou `outline-final.txt`.","hint":"Premyeman fè kopi a, apre sa chanje non kopi a.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis dosye ki gen plizyè etap depann de sa ki egziste apre chak kòmand. Ou pa ka chanje non dosye ki kopye a jiskaske kopi a fin kreye.","hint_1":"Fichye sovgad la dwe egziste anvan li ka resevwa yon nouvo non.","hint_2":"Kòmanse ak fichye orijinal la, kreye yon kopi, epi chanje non fichye kopi a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kòmanse ak \"`outline.txt`\" nan dosye a.","t2":"Kouri `cp outline.txt outline-copy.txt`.","t3":"Kouri `mv outline-copy.txt outline-final.txt`.","t4":"Fini ak toude `outline.txt` ak `outline-final.txt`."}},"ci-copy-class-notes":{"title":"Kopye yon fichye nòt klas","prompt":"Ou vle fè yon kopi sekou anvan ou modifye nòt klas la. Ki rezilta ki montre ke yo te itilize`cp` kòrèkteman?","hint":"Itiliz`cp`, mete non fichye orijinal la an premye epi non sovgad la an dezyèm.","help":{"concept":"`cp` Dupike yon fichye. Sous la rete kote li ye a, epi yo kreye yon nouvo fichye nan chemen destinasyon an.","hint_1":"Ou bezwen de fichye nan fen an: orijinal `class-notes.txt` la ak yon nouvo `class-notes-backup.txt`.","hint_2":"Egzekite yon kòmand kopi kote `class-notes.txt` se sous la epi `class-notes-backup.txt` se non destinasyon an."},"template":"Yon etap sovgad kòrèk ta dwe ____ pou ou ka wè ni orijinal la ni kopi a.","choices":["Enprime yon rezilta obsèvab","Kache tout sòti","Efase fichye a imedyatman","Sote pwogram nan"]},"ci-move-report-into-folder":{"title":"Mete yon rapò nan bon dosye a.","prompt":"Yon rapò dwe nan `submissions`, pa nan dosye aktyèl la. Ki rezilta ki montre ke `mv` te itilize kòrèkteman?","hint":"Itilize `mv` ak non fichye a ak katab destinasyon an.","help":{"concept":"`mv` Li deplase yon fichye oswa yon dosye. Apre deplasman an, atik la egziste nan nouvo kote a olye de ansyen an.","hint_1":"Dosye destinasyon an deja egziste, kidonk ou pa bezwen kreye li.","hint_2":"Mouv`report.txt` pou chemen final la vin `submissions/report.txt`."},"template":"Apre ou fin deplase yon fichye, pi bon verifikasyon an se ____ pou nouvo kote a parèt.","choices":["Enprime yon rezilta obsèvab","Kache tout sòti","Efase fichye a imedyatman","Sote pwogram nan"]}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"copy-move-rename-try-it-1":{"title":"Travay terminal: kopye ak cp","prompt":"Dosye destinasyon an deja egziste. Sèvi ak `cp` pou kopye `sample-inbox/agenda.txt` nan `warmup/backups/agenda.txt` pandan w ap kenbe orijinal la.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Egzekite kòmand cp ki parèt nan prompt la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"registration_attendee_list_txt":{"content":"Amina\nDiego\nMaya\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Create the guided backup and verify it.\n"},"sample_inbox_agenda_txt":{"content":"Agenda\n"},"warmup_backups_keep":{"content":""}},"solutionCode":"cp attendee-list.txt attendee-list-backup.txt\nls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"cp attendee-list.txt attendee-list-backup.txt\nls\n"},"registration_attendee_list_txt":{"content":"Amina\nDiego\nMaya\n"},"registration_attendee_list_backup_txt":{"content":"Amina\nDiego\nMaya\n"}}},"copy-move-rename-try-it-2":{"title":"Travay tèminal: deplase ak mv","prompt":"Dosye destinasyon an deja egziste. Sèvi ak `mv` pou deplase `sample-inbox/guest-list.txt` nan `warmup/guests/guest-list.txt`.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Egzekite kòmand mv ki parèt nan prompt la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"sign_shop_banner_note_txt":{"content":"Hang the welcome banner by 8:30.\n"},"sign_shop_handoff_keep":{"content":""},"main_sh":{"content":"# Relocate the banner note and verify the destination.\n"},"sign_shop_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"sample_inbox_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"warmup_guests_keep":{"content":""}},"solutionCode":"mv banner-note.txt handoff/banner-note.txt\nls handoff\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mv banner-note.txt handoff/banner-note.txt\nls handoff\n"},"sign_shop_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"sign_shop_handoff_banner_note_txt":{"content":"Hang the welcome banner by 8:30.\n"}}},"copy-move-rename-try-it-3":{"title":"Travay tèminal: chanje non ak mv","prompt":"Sèvi ak `mv` pou chanje non `sample-inbox/draft-report.txt` pou `sample-inbox/final-report.txt` nan menm dosye a.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Egzekite kòmand mv pou chanje non ki parèt nan prompt la."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"schedule_desk_schedule_draft_txt":{"content":"Opening: 9:00\nWorkshop: 10:30\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Rename the approved schedule and verify it.\n"},"sample_inbox_draft_report_txt":{"content":"Draft report\n"}},"solutionCode":"mv schedule-draft.txt schedule-final.txt\nls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mv schedule-draft.txt schedule-final.txt\nls\n"},"schedule_desk_schedule_final_txt":{"content":"Opening: 9:00\nWorkshop: 10:30\n"}}}},"try_copy_move_rename_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: kopye ak cp","prompt":"Kouri `cp sample-inbox/agenda.txt warmup/backups/agenda.txt` pou pratike kopi pandan w ap kenbe fichye orijinal la."},"try_copy_move_rename_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: deplase ak mv","prompt":"Kouri `mv sample-inbox/guest-list.txt warmup/guests/guest-list.txt` pou pratike deplase yon fichye."},"try_copy_move_rename_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: chanje non ak mv","prompt":"Kouri `mv sample-inbox/draft-report.txt sample-inbox/final-report.txt` pou pratike chanje non ak mv."}}},"creating-folders-and-files":{"label":"Kreye Dosye ak Fichye","summary":"Sèvi ak mkdir, mkdir -p, ak touch pou konstwi yon estrikti pwojè pwòp nan tèminal Linux la.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Kreye yon dosye ak mkdir"},"sketch1":{"title":"Kreye dosye anbreye ak mkdir -p"},"sketch2":{"title":"Kreye fichye vid ak touch"},"quiz":{"title":"Tcheke pratik"},"project":{"title":"Òganize espas etid Maya a"}},"practice":{"sc-mkdir-purpose":{"title":"What `mkdir` creates","prompt":"What does `mkdir` create?","hint":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir` creates folders, `mkdir -p` creates missing parent paths, and `touch` creates an empty file.","hint_1":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","hint_2":"Use targeted `ls` commands to verify each new folder or file before checking the answer. The current task asks: What does `mkdir` create?"},"options":{"a":"A folder","b":"A printed file preview","c":"A deleted file","d":"A password"}},"mc-mkdir-p-use":{"title":"When `mkdir -p` helps","prompt":"When is `mkdir -p` useful?","hint":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir` creates folders, `mkdir -p` creates missing parent paths, and `touch` creates an empty file.","hint_1":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","hint_2":"Use targeted `ls` commands to verify each new folder or file before checking the answer. The current task asks: When is `mkdir -p` useful?"},"options":{"a":"When parent folders may not exist yet","b":"When creating nested folders","c":"When deleting a file","d":"When printing file text"}},"sc-touch-purpose":{"title":"What `touch` creates","prompt":"What does `touch notes.txt` do if `notes.txt` does not exist?","hint":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir` creates folders, `mkdir -p` creates missing parent paths, and `touch` creates an empty file.","hint_1":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","hint_2":"Use targeted `ls` commands to verify each new folder or file before checking the answer. The current task asks: What does `touch notes.txt` do if `notes.txt` does not exist?"},"options":{"a":"Creates an empty file","b":"Prints the file","c":"Moves the file","d":"Deletes the file"}},"dr-folder-before-file":{"title":"Folders before files","prompt":"Put the setup steps in a safe order.","hint":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir` creates folders, `mkdir -p` creates missing parent paths, and `touch` creates an empty file.","hint_1":"Create parent folders before files and copy every required path exactly.","hint_2":"Use targeted `ls` commands to verify each new folder or file before checking the answer. The current task asks: Put the setup steps in a safe order."},"tokens":{"t1":"Create the parent folder","t2":"Create files inside it","t3":"List the folder to check"}},"sc-mkdir-basic-purpose":{"title":"Idantifye objektif kòmandman an","prompt":"Ki travay prensipal `mkdir` la nan tèminal Linux la?","hint":"Panse si li kreye yon dosye, kreye yon fichye, oswa montre atik ki egziste deja.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir` Sa vle di kreye repètwa, epi yon repètwa se yon lòt non pou yon dosye.","hint_1":"Kòmand sa a chanje estrikti espas travay la lè li ajoute yon kontenè pou fichye.","hint_2":"Li pa afiche kontni yo e li pa kreye yon fichye tèks òdinè."},"options":{"a":"Kreye yon nouvo dosye","b":"Kreye yon fichye vid","c":"Lis fichye yo nan dosye aktyèl la","d":"Mouvman nan yon lòt dosye"}},"mc-when-to-use-mkdir-p":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon fason pou itilize mkdir -p","prompt":"Ki kòmand ki itilize kòrèkteman `mkdir -p` pou kreye dosye anndan dosye pou yon pwojè klas? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche kòmand ki kreye yon chemen ki gen ladan dosye paran yo.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir -p` Yo itilize l lè ou vle kreye yon chemen dosye konplè, ki gen ladan l dosye paran ki ka poko egziste.","hint_1":"Yon chemen anbrete gen barèt, tankou `course/week1/notes`.","hint_2":"Chwazi kòmand yo kote yon sèl kòmand ka kreye plizyè nivo dosye san danje."},"options":{"a":"mkdir -p school/math/week1","b":"mkdir -p reports/drafts","c":"touch -p school/math/week1","d":"mkdir school/math/week1"}},"mc-valid-project-setup":{"title":"Chwazi kòmand ki mete fichye ak dosye yo kòrèkteman.","prompt":"Ou ap kòmanse yon pwojè lekti. Ki kòmand ki ta kreye atik yo mande yo kòrèkteman? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche kòmand ki koresponn ak tip atik la: dosye ak yon kòmand, fichye ak yon lòt.","help":{"concept":"Sèvi ak `mkdir` oswa `mkdir -p` pou dosye yo ak `touch` pou fichye yo. Korespondans ant kòmand la ak tip atik la se lide kle a.","hint_1":"Yon dosye tankou `reading` bezwen yon kòmand repètwa.","hint_2":"Yon fichye tankou `reading/list.txt` ka kreye ak `touch` yon fwa chemen dosye a egziste, oswa lè w itilize yon chemen konplè apre w fin kreye dosye a."},"options":{"a":"mkdir reading","b":"touch reading/list.txt","c":"mkdir -p reading/week1","d":"touch week1"}},"dr-folder-setup-order":{"title":"Kòmande etap enstalasyon yo","prompt":"Mete aksyon final sa yo nan yon lòd ki fè sans pou kreye yon nouvo espas travay nòt epi verifye li.","hint":"Kreye dosye a anvan ou deplase ladan l, epi kreye fichye a apre ou fin antre ladan l.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis travay ki an sekirite nan tèminal la se kreye yon dosye, antre ladan l si sa nesesè, kreye fichye ladan l, epi enspekte rezilta a.","hint_1":"Ou pa ka kreye yon `todo.txt` andedan yon `notes` jiskaske yon `notes` egziste oswa ou presize yon chemen konplè.","hint_2":"Etap verifikasyon an dwe fèt nan fen an, apre dosye a ak fichye a fin kreye."},"tokens":{"t1":"mkdir notes","t2":"cd notes","t3":"touch todo.txt","t4":"ls"}},"ci-create-single-folder":{"title":"Kreye yon dosye pwojè","prompt":"Ou kreye yon dosye \"`projects`\" nan tèminal la epi ou vle pwouve li te mache. Ki aksyon swivan ki fè rezilta a vizib?","hint":"Chwazi aksyon ki montre nouvo dosye a apre ou fin kreye li.","help":{"concept":"`mkdir` Kreye yon dosye nan repètwa aktyèl la, epi ``ls`` se yon fason rapid pou konfime ke dosye a parèt kounye a nan espas travay la.","hint_1":"Kreye egzakteman yon sèl dosye ki rele `projects` kote ou ye kounye a.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin kreye `projects` la, egzekite yon kòmand lis nan menm kote a pou verifyè a ka wè ke ou verifye li."},"template":"Apre ou fin kreye yon dosye, li itil pou ____ pou ou ka verifye chanjman an.","choices":["Enprime yon rezilta obsèvab","Kache tout sòti","Efase fichye a imedyatman","Sote pwogram nan"]},"fb-touch-purpose":{"title":"Konplete lide kòmandman an","prompt":"Ranpli kòmand ki manke a pou fraz la matche ak konpòtman tèminal Linux la.","hint":"Itilize kòmand ki kreye yon fichye vid si li pa egziste deja.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term` Yo itilize l souvan pou kreye fichye vid rapidman apati de tèminal la.","hint_1":"Kòmand sa a mache sou fichye, pa sou dosye.","hint_2":"Se kòmand ou ta itilize pou yon bagay tankou `notes.txt` oswa `todo.txt`."},"template":"Pou kreye yon fichye vid ki rele `notes.txt`, sèvi ak `[blank1] notes.txt`.","choices":["mkdir","touch","ls","cd"]}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"creating-folders-and-files-try-it-1":{"title":"Travay final: kreye yon dosye ak mkdir","prompt":"Kreye yon dosye pou nòt klas la. Lanse `mkdir school-notes`.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach 'Eseye li' pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki soti nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `mkdir school-notes`."},"1":{"message":"Use `ls` to confirm the folder exists."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"solutionCode":"mkdir volunteer-desk\nls\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"# Create the requested directory and verify it.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir volunteer-desk\nls\n"}}},"creating-folders-and-files-try-it-2":{"title":"Travay final: kreye dosye anbreye ak mkdir -p","prompt":"Konfigire yon eskelèt pwojè senp. Kouri `mkdir -p project-kit/src project-kit/docs`.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `mkdir -p project-kit/src project-kit/docs`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"solutionCode":"mkdir -p event-pack/signs\nmkdir -p event-pack/schedules\nls event-pack\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"# Build the requested nested directory structure.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p event-pack/signs\nmkdir -p event-pack/schedules\nls event-pack\n"}}},"creating-folders-and-files-try-it-3":{"title":"Travay final: kreye fichye vid ak touch","prompt":"Dosye `touch-lab` la pare pou de fichye planifikasyon. Kouri `touch touch-lab/todo.txt touch-lab/agenda.txt`.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `touch touch-lab/todo.txt touch-lab/agenda.txt`."},"1":{"message":"Use `ls` to confirm both files are present."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"planning_board_readme_txt":{"content":"Planning board workspace\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Add the two requested empty files.\n"},"planning_board_README_txt":{"content":"Planning board workspace\n"},"touch_lab_readme_txt":{"content":"This folder is ready for touch practice.\n"}},"solutionCode":"touch tasks.txt\ntouch contacts.txt\nls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"touch tasks.txt\ntouch contacts.txt\nls\n"},"planning_board_README_txt":{"content":"Planning board workspace\n"}}}},"try_creating_folders_and_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: kreye yon dosye ak mkdir","prompt":"Kouri `mkdir school-notes` pou kreye yon dosye."},"try_creating_folders_and_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: kreye dosye anbreye ak mkdir -p","prompt":"Kouri `mkdir -p project-kit/src project-kit/docs` pou kreye dosye anbreye an yon sèl etap."},"try_creating_folders_and_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou: kreye fichye vid ak touch","prompt":"Kouri `touch touch-lab/todo.txt touch-lab/agenda.txt` pou ajoute de fichye vid nan dosye ki egziste deja a."}}},"module-2-notes-organizer-project":{"label":"Pwojè: Òganizatè Nòt","summary":"Òganize yon dosye dezòdone an nòt, devwa, kòd, ak kopi sekirite lè w itilize kòmand prensipal tèminal Linux yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Rezime Òganizatè Nòt Gwoup Etid"},"project":{"title":"Òganizatè Nòt Gwoup Etid"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"module-2-notes-organizer-project-terminal-task-1":{"title":"Kreye dosye pou resevwa nòt yo","prompt":"Yon gwoup etid ap depoze de fichye nòt brit pou triye. Kreye \"`student-notes-organizer/inbox/math.txt`\" ak \"`student-notes-organizer/inbox/history.txt`\" pou tou de nòt yo pare nan dosye resepsyon an.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `mkdir` or `mkdir -p` to create the workspace folders."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"solutionCode":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"# Complete the organizer around the existing inbox.\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_math_txt":{"content":"Math notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_history_txt":{"content":"History notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"scratch\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_archive__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_math_txt":{"content":"Math notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_history_txt":{"content":"History notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"scratch\n"}}},"module-2-notes-organizer-project-terminal-task-2":{"title":"Klase nòt yo epi kreye yon kopi sekou.","prompt":"Gwoup etid la vle nòt yo depoze anvan remiz la. Deplase `math.txt` ak `history.txt` soti nan `student-notes-organizer/inbox` epi mete yo nan `student-notes-organizer/classes`, apre sa fè yon kopi sekou `history.txt` nan `student-notes-organizer/backups/history.txt`.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou verifye espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `echo` with `>` to write the first line."},"1":{"message":"Use `>>` to append the second line."},"2":{"message":"Read the handoff file with `cat`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"solutionCode":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\necho \"Substitute teacher handoff\" > class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\necho \"Bring math worksheets\" >> class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\ncat class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_archive__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_math_txt":{"content":"Math notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_history_txt":{"content":"History notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"scratch\n"},"student_notes_organizer_inbox_math_txt":{"content":"Math review notes\n"},"student_notes_organizer_inbox_history_txt":{"content":"History reading notes\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\necho \"Substitute teacher handoff\" > class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\necho \"Bring math worksheets\" >> class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\ncat class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_archive__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_math_txt":{"content":"Math notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_history_txt":{"content":"History notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"scratch\n"},"class_notes_organizer_handoff_README_txt":{"content":"Substitute teacher handoff\nBring math worksheets\n"}}},"module-2-notes-organizer-project-terminal-task-3":{"title":"Konplete remiz òganizatè a","prompt":"Nòt yo klase epi yo fè kopi sekou. Kite yon makè tranzisyon klè lè w kreye yon dosye \"`student-notes-organizer/handoff/notes-ready.txt`\", pandan w kenbe nòt klas la ak kopi sekou a an plas.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `mv` to move the notes into archive."},"1":{"message":"Remove only the temporary scratch file."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"class_notes_organizer_inbox_math_txt":{"content":"Math notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_history_txt":{"content":"History notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"scratch\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\necho \"Substitute teacher handoff\" > class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\necho \"Bring math worksheets\" >> class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\ncat class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_archive__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff_README_txt":{"content":"Substitute teacher handoff\nBring math worksheets\n"},"student_notes_organizer_classes_math_txt":{"content":"Math review notes\n"},"student_notes_organizer_classes_history_txt":{"content":"History reading notes\n"},"student_notes_organizer_backups_history_txt":{"content":"History reading notes\n"}},"solutionCode":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\necho \"Substitute teacher handoff\" > class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\necho \"Bring math worksheets\" >> class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\ncat class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\nmv class-notes-organizer/inbox/math.txt class-notes-organizer/archive/math.txt\nmv class-notes-organizer/inbox/history.txt class-notes-organizer/archive/history.txt\nrm class-notes-organizer/inbox/tmp-scratch.txt\nls class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer/inbox\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p class-notes-organizer/handoff\nmkdir -p class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer\necho \"Substitute teacher handoff\" > class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\necho \"Bring math worksheets\" >> class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\ncat class-notes-organizer/handoff/README.txt\nmv class-notes-organizer/inbox/math.txt class-notes-organizer/archive/math.txt\nmv class-notes-organizer/inbox/history.txt class-notes-organizer/archive/history.txt\nrm class-notes-organizer/inbox/tmp-scratch.txt\nls class-notes-organizer/archive\nls class-notes-organizer/inbox\n"},"class_notes_organizer_inbox__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_archive__keep":{"content":""},"class_notes_organizer_handoff_README_txt":{"content":"Substitute teacher handoff\nBring math worksheets\n"},"class_notes_organizer_archive_math_txt":{"content":"Math notes\n"},"class_notes_organizer_archive_history_txt":{"content":"History notes\n"}}}}}},"safe-delete-with-rm":{"label":"Safe Delete with rm","summary":"Remove only clear temporary files, and learn when moving to trash is safer than deleting.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Check before deleting"},"sketch1":{"title":"Remove one file with `rm`"},"sketch2":{"title":"When unsure, move instead of delete"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice check"}},"practice":{"sc-rm-purpose":{"title":"What `rm` does","prompt":"What does `rm tmp.txt` do?","hint":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes one named file, so inspection and an exact path are part of the skill.","hint_1":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","hint_2":"After deletion, list the folder and confirm that the protected files remain. The current task asks: What does `rm tmp.txt` do?"},"options":{"a":"Removes the file `tmp.txt`","b":"Copies the file","c":"Prints the file content","d":"Changes folder"}},"mc-rm-safety":{"title":"Safe delete habits","prompt":"Which habits make deletion of one confirmed temporary file safer?","hint":"Inspect first, target one exact file, and verify afterward.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes one named file, so inspection and an exact path are part of the skill.","hint_1":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","hint_2":"After deletion, list the folder and confirm that the protected files remain. The current task asks: Which habits make deletion safer?"},"options":{"a":"Use `ls` before deleting","b":"Delete only the exact confirmed temporary file","c":"Use `rm -rf` when unsure","d":"List again after deletion to verify the result"}},"sc-uncertain-file":{"title":"When deletion is uncertain","prompt":"What is safer when you are not sure a file should be deleted?","hint":"Choose the action that keeps the file recoverable for review.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes one named file, so inspection and an exact path are part of the skill.","hint_1":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","hint_2":"After deletion, list the folder and confirm that the protected files remain. The current task asks: What is safer when you are not sure a file should be deleted?"},"options":{"a":"Move it to a review or archive folder","b":"Use sudo rm -rf","c":"Delete the whole folder","d":"Ignore the filename and delete anyway"}},"dr-safe-delete-flow":{"title":"Safe delete order","prompt":"Put the safe delete routine in order.","hint":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes one named file, so inspection and an exact path are part of the skill.","hint_1":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","hint_2":"After deletion, list the folder and confirm that the protected files remain. The current task asks: Put the safe delete routine in order."},"tokens":{"t1":"List the folder","t2":"Remove only the exact temporary file","t3":"List again to verify"}}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"safe-delete-with-rm-try-it-1":{"title":"Inspect the print room first","prompt":"The print room has a test page and an event plan. Type `ls` first so you can read both names before deciding what is temporary. After typing the command, press **Enter** so the terminal runs it.","hint":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes one named file, so inspection and an exact path are part of the skill.","hint_1":"Confirm the temporary file with `ls` or `cat`; do not add recursive flags or wildcards.","hint_2":"After deletion, list the folder and confirm that the protected files remain. The current task asks: The print room has a test page and an event plan. Type `ls` first so you can read both names before deciding what is temporary."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `ls` to inspect the print room first."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"print_room_print_test_txt":{"content":"Printer alignment test\n"},"print_room_event_plan_txt":{"content":"Keep this event plan\n"}}},"safe-delete-with-rm-try-it-2":{"title":"Try It: Remove One Confirmed Temporary File","prompt":"The cleanup desk contains `temp-label.txt` and `display-plan.txt`. Use `rm` to remove only the temporary label, then check the folder and make sure `display-plan.txt` is still there.","hint":"Name only the confirmed temporary file in the delete command.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes the named file in this workspace.","hint_1":"Delete only when the exact temporary target is known.","hint_2":"If uncertain, preserve the file in a review location instead."},"starterCode":"# Remove only the confirmed temporary file.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `rm temp-label.txt` to remove only the temporary file."},"1":{"message":"Use `ls` to confirm the important file remains."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"cleanup_desk_temp_label_txt":{"content":"Temporary printer label\n"},"cleanup_desk_display_plan_txt":{"content":"Keep the display plan\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Remove only the confirmed temporary file.\n"}},"solutionCode":"rm temp-label.txt\nls\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"rm temp-label.txt\nls\n"},"cleanup_desk_display_plan_txt":{"content":"Keep the display plan\n"}}},"safe-delete-with-rm-try-it-3":{"title":"Practice: Preserve an Uncertain File","prompt":"You are not sure whether `maybe-archive.txt` can be deleted. Keep it instead: create a `review-later` folder, move the file there, and verify its new location.","hint":"Preserve uncertain work instead of deleting it.","help":{"concept":"`rm` permanently removes the named file in this workspace.","hint_1":"Delete only when the exact temporary target is known.","hint_2":"If uncertain, preserve the file in a review location instead."},"starterCode":"# Preserve the uncertain file in a review location.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Create the `review-later` folder."},"1":{"message":"Move the uncertain note instead of deleting it."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"archive_review_maybe_archive_txt":{"content":"Needs coordinator review\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Preserve the uncertain file in a review location.\n"}},"solutionCode":"mkdir -p review-later\nmv maybe-archive.txt review-later/maybe-archive.txt\nls review-later\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"mkdir -p review-later\nmv maybe-archive.txt review-later/maybe-archive.txt\nls review-later\n"},"archive_review_review_later_maybe_archive_txt":{"content":"Needs coordinator review\n"}}}},"try_safe_delete_with_rm_sketch0":{"title":"Inspect the print room first","prompt":"List a new folder before removing anything. Press **Enter** to run the command."},"try_safe_delete_with_rm_sketch1":{"title":"Remove one temporary label","prompt":"Delete a different temporary file. Press **Enter** after each command."},"try_safe_delete_with_rm_sketch2":{"title":"Set aside an uncertain note","prompt":"Move an uncertain file instead of deleting it. Press **Enter** after each command."}}},"viewing-file-contents":{"label":"Gade sa ki nan fichye a","summary":"Enspekte fichye tèks ak cat, head, tail, ak wc.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Li yon fichye antye ak cat"},"sketch1":{"title":"Gade anvan kòmansman an oswa fen an ak tèt ak ke"},"sketch2":{"title":"Konte liy, mo, ak karaktè avèk wc"},"quiz":{"title":"Tcheke pratik"},"project":{"title":"Enspekte dosye yo pou yon espas travay lekòl ki ranje."}},"practice":{"sc-cat-use":{"title":"Best command for a short note","prompt":"Which command prints a whole short file?","hint":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","help":{"concept":"`cat` reads a short file, `head` and `tail` preview its edges, and `wc -l` counts lines.","hint_1":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","hint_2":"Compare the displayed content or count with the task and avoid changing the fixture file. The current task asks: Which command prints a whole short file?"},"options":{"a":"cat","b":"mkdir","c":"cd","d":"rm"}},"mc-preview-long-file":{"title":"Preview a long file","prompt":"Which commands help preview a long file without reading every line?","hint":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","help":{"concept":"`cat` reads a short file, `head` and `tail` preview its edges, and `wc -l` counts lines.","hint_1":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","hint_2":"Compare the displayed content or count with the task and avoid changing the fixture file. The current task asks: Which commands help preview a long file without reading every line?"},"options":{"a":"head","b":"tail","c":"touch","d":"pwd"}},"sc-wc-lines":{"title":"Count lines","prompt":"Which command counts lines in `names.txt`?","hint":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","help":{"concept":"`cat` reads a short file, `head` and `tail` preview its edges, and `wc -l` counts lines.","hint_1":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","hint_2":"Compare the displayed content or count with the task and avoid changing the fixture file. The current task asks: Which command counts lines in `names.txt`?"},"options":{"a":"wc -l names.txt","b":"cat -l names.txt","c":"mkdir names.txt","d":"cd names.txt"}},"dr-inspect-file":{"title":"Inspect and count for a handoff","prompt":"A handoff requires you to confirm the filename, inspect its content, and then record its line count. Put those required steps in order.","hint":"Confirm the target before reading it, then count after the content check.","help":{"concept":"`cat` reads a short file, `head` and `tail` preview its edges, and `wc -l` counts lines.","hint_1":"Use the command named by the prompt on the provided file; no file creation is needed.","hint_2":"Compare the displayed content or count with the task and avoid changing the fixture file. The current task asks: Put the file-inspection flow in order."},"tokens":{"t1":"Use `ls` to confirm the file name","t2":"Inspect the file content","t3":"Use `wc -l` to record the line count"}},"sc-tail-purpose":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon kòmand pou dènye liy yo.","prompt":"Yon klib ap kontinye ajoute nouvo antre nan `updates.txt`. Ki kòmand ki pi bon lè ou vle wè rapidman fen fichye sa a?","hint":"Sèvi ak eksplikasyon leson an ak fason kesyon sa a ekri pou limite repons lan.","help":{"concept":"Tèks sipò sa a te repare paske tèks orijinal la te revele repons lan twò dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Konpare chak opsyon ak sijè egzak ki nonmen nan kesyon an.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak wòl la oswa prèv ki nonmen nan enstriksyon an olye pou w konte sou fason ou fòmile repons lan."},"options":{"a":"cat","b":"Tèt","c":"ke","d":"wc"}},"mc-cat-uses":{"title":"Lè chat la apwopriye","prompt":"Yon asistan etidyan ap verifye dosye nan yon dosye nòt klas. Ki tach ki bon pou itilize `cat`? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Panse sou lè li itil pou w wè tout tèks la an menm tan.","help":{"concept":"`cat` Enprime tout sa ki nan yon fichye sou tèminal la, kidonk li pi bon pou fichye tèks ki kout lè ou vle li tout bagay.","hint_1":"Chèche travay kote aprenan an vle tout fichye a, pa sèlman kòmansman an, fen an, oswa yon konte.","hint_2":"De chwa mande pou li tout tèks la dirèkteman. Lòt yo pi byen adapte pou `wc`, `head`, oswa `tail`."},"options":{"a":"Li chak liy nan yon fichye lis verifikasyon tou kout.","b":"Gade sèlman dènye liy yo nan yon fichye jounal ki long","c":"Afiche tout kontni yon ti nòt rapèl.","d":"Konte konbyen mo ki genyen nan yon bouyon redaksyon."}},"mc-wc-meaning":{"title":"Sa wc di ou","prompt":"Ou kouri `wc draft.txt` pandan w ap revize yon anons pou etidyan. Ki kalite enfòmasyon `wc` ka rapòte sou fichye a? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Panse sou kantite, pa sou kontni tèks la menm.","help":{"concept":"`wc` Rezime kantite tèks ki nan yon fichye lè li rapòte kantite tankou liy, mo, ak karaktè.","hint_1":"Chèche mezi gwosè kontni fichye a olye de kòmand ki montre tèks.","hint_2":"Twa chwa yo se rezime ki baze sou konte ke`wc` ka bay."},"options":{"a":"Konbyen liy ki nan fichye a?","b":"Konbyen mo ki nan fichye a?","c":"Konbyen karaktè ki nan fichye a?","d":"Dènye fraz egzak ki nan fichye a"}},"dr-inspect-order":{"title":"Enspekte yon fichye nan yon lòd ki fè sans","prompt":"Oganize aksyon sa yo nan yon lòd ki fè sans pou verifye yon fichye tèks nan tèminal la apre ou fin antre nan dosye pwojè a.","hint":"Li chak moso epi ranje yo nan lòd deklarasyon an dwe konprann.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo ta dwe fòme yon deklarasyon valab nan yon lòd lojik.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak moso ki prezante lide a oswa aksyon an.","hint_2":"Mete moso depandan yo apre pati yo dekri oswa konplete."},"tokens":{"t1":"ls","t2":"cat notes.txt","t3":"nòt wc.txt"}},"fb-head-purpose":{"title":"Chwazi kòmand apèsi ki kòrèk la.","prompt":"Yon pwofesè te sove yon fichye long ki rele `chapter_notes.txt`, epi ou vle sèlman enspekte kòmansman li.","hint":"Chwazi kòmand ki montre tèt yon fichye.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term` montre premye pati yon fichye, sa ki itil lè ou vle yon apèsi rapid sou kijan fichye a kòmanse.","hint_1":"Kòmand sa a se patnè opoze `tail` la.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak kòmand ki koresponn ak lide tèt oswa kòmansman fichye a."},"template":"[blank1] chapit_nòt.txt","choices":["cat","Tèt","ke","wc"]},"code-cat-menu":{"title":"Gade yon fichye meni kafe","prompt":"Ou vle konfime chak liy nan yon ti fichye meni. Ki rezilta ki montre ke`cat` te fè travay la kòrèkteman?","hint":"Sèvi ak kòmand ki enprime yon fichye antye sou tèminal la.","help":{"concept":"Pou fichye tèks ki kout, `cat` montre tout fichye a dirèkteman nan tèminal la pou ou ka enspekte chak liy an menm tan.","hint_1":"Ou pa bezwen chanje dosye yo oswa modifye fichye a. Egzekite yon sèl kòmand sou `menu.txt`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak non kòmand ki nan sijè sa a ki enprime tout kontni yon fichye."},"template":"Yon kòmand ki li yon fichye antye ta dwe ____ pou ou ka wè kontni an klè.","choices":["Enprime yon rezilta obsèvab","Kache tout sòti","Efase fichye a imedyatman","Sote pwogram nan"]}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"viewing-file-contents-try-it-1":{"title":"Travay tèminal: li yon fichye ak cat","prompt":"Li tout meni an lè w kouri `cat cafe/menu.txt` nan tèminal la.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Check."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `cat cafe/menu.txt`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"visitor_desk_welcome_note_txt":{"content":"Welcome table opens at 9:00.\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Read the short file in the terminal.\n"},"cafe_menu_txt":{"content":"Soup\nSalad\nTea\n"}},"solutionCode":"cat welcome-note.txt\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"cat welcome-note.txt\n"},"visitor_desk_welcome_note_txt":{"content":"Welcome table opens at 9:00.\n"}}},"viewing-file-contents-try-it-2":{"title":"Travay final: apèsi ak tèt ak ke","prompt":"Previzyalize jounal la lè w kouri `head logs/event.log`, epi `tail logs/event.log`.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach \"Try It\" pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `head logs/event.log`."},"1":{"message":"Kouri `tail logs/event.log`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"dispatch_delivery_log_txt":{"content":"08:00 Chairs arrived\n08:20 Tables arrived\n08:45 Direction signs arrived\n09:10 Water station arrived\n09:30 Radios arrived\n10:00 Lunch boxes arrived\n10:25 Volunteer badges arrived\n10:50 First-aid kit arrived\n11:15 Stage cables arrived\n11:40 Registration forms arrived\n12:05 Workshop supplies arrived\n12:30 Recycling bins arrived\n12:55 Sound equipment arrived\n13:20 Final delivery completed\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Preview both ends of the delivery log.\n"},"logs_event_log":{"content":"setup started\nchairs placed\nsnacks delivered\ndoors opened\nguests arrived\ncleanup planned\n"}},"solutionCode":"head delivery-log.txt\ntail delivery-log.txt\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"head delivery-log.txt\ntail delivery-log.txt\n"},"dispatch_delivery_log_txt":{"content":"08:00 Chairs arrived\n08:20 Tables arrived\n08:45 Signs arrived\n09:10 Water arrived\n09:30 Radios arrived\n10:00 Lunch arrived\n"}}},"viewing-file-contents-try-it-3":{"title":"Travay final: konte liy yo ak wc -l","prompt":"Konte liy yo nan lis verifikasyon an lè w kouri `wc -l logs/checklist.txt`.","hint":"Sèvi ak katab ak non fichye egzak ki nan kòmand lan, epi kouri ls, cat, oswa find pou verifye travay ou.","help":{"concept":"Yon tach 'Try It' pèmèt ou pratike kòmand ki soti nan leson an nan yon espas travay reyèl.","hint_1":"Kreye dosye paran anvan ou kreye oswa deplase fichye yo.","hint_2":"Tcheke travay ou ak ls, cat, oswa find anvan ou klike sou Tcheke."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux task.","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Kouri `wc -l logs/checklist.txt`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"kitchen_meal_requests_txt":{"content":"Vegetarian\nStandard\nVegetarian\nGluten-free\nStandard\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Count the line-based meal requests.\n"},"logs_checklist_txt":{"content":"open room\nset chairs\ncheck projector\nwelcome guests\n"}},"solutionCode":"wc -l meal-requests.txt\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"wc -l meal-requests.txt\n"},"kitchen_meal_requests_txt":{"content":"Vegetarian\nStandard\nVegetarian\nGluten-free\nStandard\n"}}}},"try_viewing_file_contents_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: li yon fichye ak cat","prompt":"Kouri `cat cafe/menu.txt` pou enprime tout fichye meni an."},"try_viewing_file_contents_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: apèsi ak tèt ak ke","prompt":"Kouri `head logs/event.log`, epi `tail logs/event.log`, pou w gade kòmansman ak fen fichye a."},"try_viewing_file_contents_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye li poukont ou: konte liy yo ak wc -l","prompt":"Kouri `wc -l logs/checklist.txt` pou konte liy sou lis verifikasyon an."}}},"writing-text-into-files":{"label":"Writing Text into Files","summary":"Use echo, >, >>, and cat to put real text into files.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"`echo` prints text"},"sketch1":{"title":"Use `>` to write or replace a file"},"sketch2":{"title":"Use `>>` to add another line"},"quiz":{"title":"Practice check"}},"practice":{"sc-echo-purpose":{"title":"What `echo` does","prompt":"What does `echo \"Hello\"` do by itself?","hint":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text, `>` writes or replaces a file, and `>>` appends without removing earlier lines.","hint_1":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","hint_2":"Read the file with `cat` and check the exact line order before submitting. The current task asks: What does `echo \"Hello\"` do by itself?"},"options":{"a":"Prints Hello in the terminal","b":"Deletes a file","c":"Moves into a folder","d":"Counts lines"}},"sc-write-symbol":{"title":"Write or replace","prompt":"Which symbol writes output into a file and can replace existing content?","hint":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text, `>` writes or replaces a file, and `>>` appends without removing earlier lines.","hint_1":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","hint_2":"Read the file with `cat` and check the exact line order before submitting. The current task asks: Which symbol writes output into a file and can replace existing content?"},"options":{"a":"`>`","b":"`>>`","c":"`..`","d":"`~`"}},"sc-append-symbol":{"title":"Append safely","prompt":"Which symbol adds output to the end of a file?","hint":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text, `>` writes or replaces a file, and `>>` appends without removing earlier lines.","hint_1":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","hint_2":"Read the file with `cat` and check the exact line order before submitting. The current task asks: Which symbol adds output to the end of a file?"},"options":{"a":"`>>`","b":"`>`","c":"cd","d":"pwd"}},"dr-write-check-flow":{"title":"Write and verify","prompt":"Put the file-writing routine in order.","hint":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text, `>` writes or replaces a file, and `>>` appends without removing earlier lines.","hint_1":"Choose `>` for the first complete line and `>>` only when existing content must remain.","hint_2":"Read the file with `cat` and check the exact line order before submitting. The current task asks: Put the file-writing routine in order."},"tokens":{"t1":"Use `echo` with `>` to write the first line","t2":"Use `echo` with `>>` to add another line","t3":"Use `cat` to read the file"}}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"exercises":{"writing-text-into-files-try-it-1":{"title":"Try It: Print a Briefing","prompt":"Use `echo` to print `Morning briefing` in the terminal. This task should display the text only; do not save it to a file.","hint":"No file should be created in this guided task.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text; redirection decides whether that text is displayed, written, replaced, or appended.","hint_1":"Decide whether existing content must be preserved.","hint_2":"Read the finished file when the task changes file content."},"starterCode":"# Print the requested text without saving it.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `echo` to print `Morning briefing`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"solutionCode":"echo \"Morning briefing\"\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"# Print the requested text without saving it.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"echo \"Morning briefing\"\n"}}},"writing-text-into-files-try-it-2":{"title":"Practice: Write a Welcome Note","prompt":"Create `welcome-note.txt` with exactly one line: `Welcome volunteers`. Read the file afterward to confirm the text was written correctly.","hint":"Use redirection that establishes or replaces file content, then inspect the result.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text; redirection decides whether that text is displayed, written, replaced, or appended.","hint_1":"Decide whether existing content must be preserved.","hint_2":"Read the finished file when the task changes file content."},"starterCode":"# Write the requested first line and verify the file.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `echo` with `>` to write `welcome-note.txt`."},"1":{"message":"Use `cat welcome-note.txt` to read the file."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"solutionCode":"echo \"Welcome volunteers\" > welcome-note.txt\ncat welcome-note.txt\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"# Write the requested first line and verify the file.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"echo \"Welcome volunteers\" > welcome-note.txt\ncat welcome-note.txt\n"},"welcome_note_txt":{"content":"Welcome volunteers\n"}}},"writing-text-into-files-try-it-3":{"title":"Practice: Preserve and Extend a Supply List","prompt":"`supply-list.txt` already contains one line. Add `Water bottles` to the end without replacing the existing content, then read the finished file.","hint":"Use the redirection form that preserves earlier lines.","help":{"concept":"`echo` produces text; redirection decides whether that text is displayed, written, replaced, or appended.","hint_1":"Decide whether existing content must be preserved.","hint_2":"Read the finished file when the task changes file content."},"starterCode":"# Extend the existing file without replacing it.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `>>` to append `Water bottles` to the supply list."},"1":{"message":"Use `cat supply-list.txt` to check the file."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"supply_list_txt":{"content":"Name tags\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Extend the existing file without replacing it.\n"}},"solutionCode":"echo \"Water bottles\" >> supply-list.txt\ncat supply-list.txt\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"echo \"Water bottles\" >> supply-list.txt\ncat supply-list.txt\n"},"supply_list_txt":{"content":"Name tags\nWater bottles\n"}}}},"try_writing_text_into_files_sketch0":{"title":"Print the morning briefing","prompt":"Use `echo` to print a new message. Press **Enter** to run the command."},"try_writing_text_into_files_sketch1":{"title":"Write a volunteer welcome note","prompt":"Write a new line into `welcome-note.txt`. Press **Enter** after each command."},"try_writing_text_into_files_sketch2":{"title":"Add to the supply list","prompt":"Append a different line to a supply file. Press **Enter** after each command."}}}},"linux-module-3-final-capstone":{"final-capstone-file-room-handoff":{"label":"Capstone: Remiz Sal Fichye a","summary":"Sèvi ak tèminal Linux pou transfòme yon espas travay evènman dezòdone an yon remiz pwòp: enspekte sa ki la, klase fichye yo nan dosye ki kòrèk yo, pwoteje yon nòt enpòtan ak yon kopi sekirite, retire dezòd tanporè, epi kite yon makè klè ki montre li pare.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Rezime sou remiz kle Sal Dosye Kominotè a"},"project":{"title":"Remiz Sal Fichye Kominotè"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"final-capstone-file-room-handoff-terminal-task-1":{"title":"Fè yon envantè bwat resepsyon chanm dosye a","prompt":"Ou ap kòmanse remiz final evènman an e ou bezwen yon anrejistreman rapid sou sa ki rive. Tcheke bwat resepsyon an, epi kreye yon evènman \"`community-file-room/handoff/inventory.txt`\" pou make ke revizyon admisyon an te fèt.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja yo epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `pwd` to confirm the working location."},"1":{"message":"Use `ls` to inspect before and after the structure change."},"2":{"message":"Enter the archive with `cd`."},"3":{"message":"Create the required directories with `mkdir` or `mkdir -p`."},"4":{"message":"Create the review marker with `touch`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"community_file_room_inbox_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_venue_txt":{"content":"Venue setup notes\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"Temporary scratch note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"# Build the media archive from the incoming files below.\n"},"media_archive_inbox_photo_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_inbox_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_inbox_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_inbox_photo_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_inbox_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_inbox_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":""}}},"final-capstone-file-room-handoff-terminal-task-2":{"title":"Klase nòt sou ajanda a, envite yo, ak lokal la.","prompt":"Bwat resepsyon an toujou gen fichye evènman ki pa òganize. Kreye dosye \"`community-file-room/agenda`\", \"`community-file-room/guests`\", ak \"`community-file-room/venue`\", epi deplase \"`agenda.txt`\", \"`guest-list.txt`\", ak \"`venue.txt`\" soti nan \"`community-file-room/inbox`\" pou mete yo nan dosye ki koresponn yo.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w efase yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `echo` to produce the required text."},"1":{"message":"Use write-or-replace redirection for the first line."},"2":{"message":"Use append redirection for the later README lines."},"3":{"message":"Read the written files with `cat`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"community_file_room_inbox_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_venue_txt":{"content":"Venue setup notes\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"Temporary scratch note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_inbox_photo_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_inbox_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_inbox_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":""},"community_file_room_handoff_inventory_txt":{"content":"agenda.txt\nguest-list.txt\ntmp-scratch.txt\nvenue.txt\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_inbox_photo_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_inbox_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_inbox_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"}}},"final-capstone-file-room-handoff-terminal-task-3":{"title":"Sipòte ajanda a","prompt":"Anvan nenpòt moun netwaye espas travay la, sove yon kopi ajanda a. Kopye `community-file-room/agenda/agenda.txt` pou `community-file-room/backups/agenda.txt`.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `mv` for the three required relocations."},"1":{"message":"Use `ls` to verify the old and new locations."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"community_file_room_inbox_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_venue_txt":{"content":"Venue note\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"Temporary scratch note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_inbox_photo_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_inbox_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_inbox_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"},"community_file_room_handoff_inventory_txt":{"content":"agenda.txt\nguest-list.txt\ntmp-scratch.txt\nvenue.txt\n"},"community_file_room_agenda_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"},"community_file_room_guests_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_venue_venue_txt":{"content":"Venue setup notes\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_documents_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"},"media_archive_review_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"}}},"final-capstone-file-room-handoff-terminal-task-4":{"title":"Kreye yon rezime revizyon","prompt":"Pwochen volontè a bezwen yon ti nòt revizyon apre ou fin verifye ajanda a ak lis envite yo. Kreye \"`community-file-room/handoff/review-summary.txt`\" kòm fichye rezime a.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `cp` to create the photo-index backup."},"1":{"message":"Use `rm` only for the confirmed temporary import."},"2":{"message":"Use `ls` to verify the backup and cleaned inbox."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"community_file_room_reports_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"Temporary scratch note\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_inbox_tmp_import_txt":{"content":"temporary import cache\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_documents_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"},"media_archive_review_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"community_file_room_handoff_inventory_txt":{"content":"agenda.txt\nguest-list.txt\ntmp-scratch.txt\nvenue.txt\n"},"community_file_room_agenda_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"},"community_file_room_guests_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_venue_venue_txt":{"content":"Venue setup notes\n"},"community_file_room_backups_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\ncp organized/photos/index.txt backup/photo-index-backup.txt\nrm inbox/tmp-import.txt\nls backup inbox\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\ncp organized/photos/index.txt backup/photo-index-backup.txt\nrm inbox/tmp-import.txt\nls backup inbox\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_backup_photo_index_backup_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_documents_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"},"media_archive_review_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"}}},"final-capstone-file-room-handoff-terminal-task-5":{"title":"Netwaye dezòd tanporè epi make pare","prompt":"Konplete remiz evènman an lè w retire fichye pwovizwa a ki nan bwat resepsyon an epi kreye yon dosye \"`community-file-room/handoff/READY.txt`\" pou espas travay la montre klèman ke li pare.","hint":"Sa a se yon etap pwojè kumulatif. Kòmanse nan espas travay anvan an epi ajoute sèlman chanjman ki mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè yo konekte. Konsève livrabl ki te fèt deja epi ajoute yon nouvo travay itil.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak ls oswa find pou tcheke espas travay aktyèl la anvan ou chanje li.","hint_2":"Pa efase fichye ki soti nan etap anvan yo, sof si mesaj la mande w klèman pou w netwaye yon fichye tanporè."},"starterCode":"# Use the terminal for this Linux project step.\n","terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Use `pwd` as part of the final location check."},"1":{"message":"Use targeted `ls` commands to inspect the finished archive."},"2":{"message":"Use `cat` to read the README and READY marker."},"3":{"message":"Use `wc -l` to count the photo-index lines."},"4":{"message":"Use `echo` to produce the READY text."},"5":{"message":"Redirect the READY text into the marker file."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Pa itilize sudo pou travay espas travay pou debutan."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}},"starterFiles":{"community_file_room_reports_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_handoff_readme_txt":{"content":"Community file room handoff\n"},"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\ncp organized/photos/index.txt backup/photo-index-backup.txt\nrm inbox/tmp-import.txt\nls backup inbox\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_backup_photo_index_backup_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_documents_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"},"media_archive_review_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"},"community_file_room_inbox_tmp_scratch_txt":{"content":"Temporary scratch note\n"},"community_file_room_handoff_inventory_txt":{"content":"agenda.txt\nguest-list.txt\ntmp-scratch.txt\nvenue.txt\n"},"community_file_room_handoff_review_summary_txt":{"content":"Agenda and guest list reviewed for handoff\n"},"community_file_room_agenda_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"},"community_file_room_guests_guest_list_txt":{"content":"Guest list\n"},"community_file_room_venue_venue_txt":{"content":"Venue setup notes\n"},"community_file_room_backups_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community event agenda\n"}},"solutionCode":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\ncp organized/photos/index.txt backup/photo-index-backup.txt\nrm inbox/tmp-import.txt\nls backup inbox\npwd\nls organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ncat organized/README.txt\nwc -l organized/photos/index.txt\necho \"Media archive verified\" > organized/READY.txt\ncat organized/READY.txt\n","solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls media-archive\ncd media-archive\npwd\nmkdir -p organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ntouch review/needs-review.txt\nls organized review\necho \"Community media archive\" > organized/README.txt\necho \"Photos go in organized/photos\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Documents go in organized/documents\" >> organized/README.txt\necho \"Check image names before publishing\" > review/needs-review.txt\ncat organized/README.txt\ncat review/needs-review.txt\nls inbox\nmv inbox/photo-index.txt organized/photos/index.txt\nmv inbox/release-forms.txt organized/documents/release-forms.txt\nmv inbox/shoot-notes.txt review/shoot-notes.txt\nls inbox organized/photos organized/documents review\ncp organized/photos/index.txt backup/photo-index-backup.txt\nrm inbox/tmp-import.txt\nls backup inbox\npwd\nls organized/photos organized/documents backup review\ncat organized/README.txt\nwc -l organized/photos/index.txt\necho \"Media archive verified\" > organized/READY.txt\ncat organized/READY.txt\n"},"media_archive_backup__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_backup_photo_index_backup_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_organized_README_txt":{"content":"Community media archive\nPhotos go in organized/photos\nDocuments go in organized/documents\n"},"media_archive_organized_READY_txt":{"content":"Media archive verified\n"},"media_archive_organized_documents__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_documents_release_forms_txt":{"content":"Release forms received\n"},"media_archive_organized_photos__keep":{"content":""},"media_archive_organized_photos_index_txt":{"content":"IMG_001.jpg\nIMG_002.jpg\nIMG_003.jpg\n"},"media_archive_review_needs_review_txt":{"content":"Check image names before publishing\n"},"media_archive_review_shoot_notes_txt":{"content":"Check captions and dates\n"}}}}},"practice":{"practice-final-capstone-handoff-check":{"title":"Practice: Clean a Small Handoff Folder","prompt":"A small handoff folder contains one real agenda and one confirmed temporary note. Move the agenda from the inbox into the archive, remove only the temporary note, and inspect both folders to confirm the final state.","hint":"Preserve the real record, delete only the explicitly temporary file, and verify the result.","help":{"concept":"An integrated handoff can combine inspection, moving, safe single-file deletion, and final verification.","hint_1":"The agenda should survive in the archive.","hint_2":"The temporary note should be the only deleted file."},"starterCode":"# Complete the handoff practice below.\n","solutionCode":"pwd\nls handoff-practice/inbox\nmv handoff-practice/inbox/agenda.txt handoff-practice/archive/agenda.txt\nrm handoff-practice/inbox/tmp-note.txt\nls handoff-practice/archive handoff-practice/inbox\n","starterFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"# Complete the handoff practice below.\n"},"handoff_practice_archive__keep":{"content":""},"handoff_practice_inbox_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community agenda\n"},"handoff_practice_inbox_tmp_note_txt":{"content":"temporary note\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_sh":{"content":"pwd\nls handoff-practice/inbox\nmv handoff-practice/inbox/agenda.txt handoff-practice/archive/agenda.txt\nrm handoff-practice/inbox/tmp-note.txt\nls handoff-practice/archive handoff-practice/inbox\n"},"handoff_practice_archive__keep":{"content":""},"handoff_practice_archive_agenda_txt":{"content":"Community agenda\n"}},"terminalExpectations":{"requiredCommands":{"0":{"message":"Confirm the starting location with `pwd`."},"1":{"message":"Inspect the handoff folders with `ls`."},"2":{"message":"Move the real agenda with `mv`."},"3":{"message":"Remove only the confirmed temporary note with `rm`."}},"forbiddenCommands":{"0":{"message":"Do not use sudo in this beginner workspace."},"1":{"message":"Do not use recursive rm in this course."},"2":{"message":"Permissions commands are not needed for this workspace."},"3":{"message":"Do not download anything for this exercise."}}}}}}}},"applied-python-projects":{"python-10-testing-debugging-oop-projects":{"debugging-imports-and-state":{"label":"Debugging Imports and State","summary":"Debug three different failure sources deliberately: a wrong module path, shared mutable constructor state, and a method that reports success without changing object state.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Trace a broken import"},"sketch1":{"title":"Trace shared mutable state"},"sketch2":{"title":"Trace a missing state mutation"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_debugging_imports_and_state_sketch0":{"title":"Fix the module path without rewriting Book","prompt":"`models/book.py` is already correct. `main.py` fails because its import path does not match the file tree. Fix the import so the `Book` class is loaded from `models/book.py`. Leave the model unchanged. The rest of `main.py` should keep reading a title and author and printing `book.summary()`.","hint":"The folder is `models` and the file is `book.py`.","help":{"concept":"The module path mirrors the folder and Python filename: `models/book.py` becomes `models.book`.","hint_1":"Do not move or duplicate the Book class.","hint_2":"Fix the import in `main.py`."},"starterCode":"# The Book model is correct. Debug only the import path.\nfrom book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\n\nbook = Book(title, author)\nprint(book.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# The Book model is correct. Debug only the import path.\nfrom book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\n\nbook = Book(title, author)\nprint(book.summary())\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n self.title = title\n self.author = author\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# The Book model is correct. Debug only the import path.\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\n\nbook = Book(title, author)\nprint(book.summary())\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n self.title = title\n self.author = author\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"# The Book model is correct. Debug only the import path.\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\n\nbook = Book(title, author)\nprint(book.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep Book.summary() working."},"1":{"message":"Fix the import so main.py prints the summary."}},"expectedOutput":"The Hobbit by Tolkien","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import `Book` through the `models.book` module path rather than from a nonexistent top-level `book` module."}}},"try_debugging_imports_and_state_sketch1":{"title":"Stop ReadingList objects from sharing one default list","prompt":"`main.py` already reproduces the bug with two ReadingList objects. In `models/reading_list.py`, replace the mutable `books=[]` default with `books=None`. When `books is None`, create a new empty list for that instance; when a list is explicitly provided, keep that provided list. Leave `add_book()`, `count()`, and `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The default itself must not be a list. Create the empty list inside the constructor only when no list was passed.","help":{"concept":"Mutable default arguments are shared across calls. A `None` sentinel lets each default-constructed object receive fresh state.","hint_1":"Change only the constructor logic that initializes `books`.","hint_2":"Preserve an explicitly supplied list."},"starterCode":"from models.reading_list import ReadingList\n\nfirst_owner = input()\nsecond_owner = input()\ntitle = input()\n\nfirst = ReadingList(first_owner)\nsecond = ReadingList(second_owner)\nfirst.add_book(title)\n\nprovided = ReadingList(\"Provided\", [\"Existing\"])\n\nprint(f\"{first.owner}: {first.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{second.owner}: {second.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{provided.owner}: {provided.count()}\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.reading_list import ReadingList\n\nfirst_owner = input()\nsecond_owner = input()\ntitle = input()\n\nfirst = ReadingList(first_owner)\nsecond = ReadingList(second_owner)\nfirst.add_book(title)\n\nprovided = ReadingList(\"Provided\", [\"Existing\"])\n\nprint(f\"{first.owner}: {first.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{second.owner}: {second.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{provided.owner}: {provided.count()}\")\n"},"models_reading_list_py":{"content":"class ReadingList:\n def __init__(self, owner, books=[]):\n self.owner = owner\n self.books = books\n\n def add_book(self, title):\n self.books.append(title)\n\n def count(self):\n return len(self.books)\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.reading_list import ReadingList\n\nfirst_owner = input()\nsecond_owner = input()\ntitle = input()\n\nfirst = ReadingList(first_owner)\nsecond = ReadingList(second_owner)\nfirst.add_book(title)\n\nprovided = ReadingList(\"Provided\", [\"Existing\"])\n\nprint(f\"{first.owner}: {first.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{second.owner}: {second.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{provided.owner}: {provided.count()}\")\n"},"models_reading_list_py":{"content":"class ReadingList:\n def __init__(self, owner, books=None):\n if books is None:\n books = []\n\n self.owner = owner\n self.books = books\n\n def add_book(self, title):\n self.books.append(title)\n\n def count(self):\n return len(self.books)\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.reading_list import ReadingList\n\nfirst_owner = input()\nsecond_owner = input()\ntitle = input()\n\nfirst = ReadingList(first_owner)\nsecond = ReadingList(second_owner)\nfirst.add_book(title)\n\nprovided = ReadingList(\"Provided\", [\"Existing\"])\n\nprint(f\"{first.owner}: {first.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{second.owner}: {second.count()}\")\nprint(f\"{provided.owner}: {provided.count()}\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the ReadingList class in the model file."},"1":{"message":"The first list should contain one book while the second remains empty."}},"expectedOutput":"Ava: 1\nNoah: 0\nProvided: 1","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `books=None` instead of a mutable list default."},"1":{"message":"Handle the `books is None` case inside the constructor so a fresh list is created per default-constructed object."}}},"try_debugging_imports_and_state_sketch2":{"title":"Fix a method that returns success but forgets state","prompt":"`Task.complete()` currently returns `True` but leaves `task.done` as `False`. In `models/task.py`, fix the existing `complete(self)` method so it sets `self.done = True` before returning `True`. Repeated calls must still leave the task completed. Leave `main.py` and the constructor unchanged.","hint":"The return value already says success. Repair the missing object state transition inside `complete()`.","help":{"concept":"A state-changing method must update the object's stored state, not only return a success value.","hint_1":"The attribute to change is `self.done`.","hint_2":"Set it before the existing `return True`."},"starterCode":"from models.task import Task\n\ntitle = input()\ntask = Task(title)\n\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.task import Task\n\ntitle = input()\ntask = Task(title)\n\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\n"},"models_stock_item_py":{"content":"class StockItem:\n def __init__(self, name, quantity):\n self.name = name\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def sell(self, amount):\n # TODO: subtract only a positive amount that is not greater than quantity.\n pass\n\n def get_quantity(self):\n return self.quantity\n"},"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but never changes the object's state.\n return True\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.task import Task\n\ntitle = input()\ntask = Task(title)\n\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\n"},"models_stock_item_py":{"content":"class StockItem:\n def __init__(self, name, quantity):\n self.name = name\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def sell(self, amount):\n if 0 < amount <= self.quantity:\n self.quantity -= amount\n return self.quantity\n\n def get_quantity(self):\n return self.quantity\n"},"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n self.done = True\n return True\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.task import Task\n\ntitle = input()\ntask = Task(title)\n\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\nprint(task.complete())\nprint(f\"{task.title}: {task.done}\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"A valid sale should reduce the quantity."},"1":{"message":"An oversized sale should leave the quantity unchanged."},"2":{"message":"Print both returned quantities."}},"expectedOutput":"Ship release: False\nTrue\nShip release: True\nTrue\nShip release: True","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Update `self.done` to `True` inside `complete()` rather than only returning a success value."}}}},"practice":{"q-debugging-imports-state-single-1":{"title":"Locate an import-path bug","prompt":"`models/book.py` defines `Book`, but `main.py` says `from book import Book`. Which layer should you fix first?","hint":"Compare the import path with the file tree.","help":{"concept":"When the class is already correct, repair the module path rather than rewriting the model.","hint_1":"The file lives inside `models/`.","hint_2":"The import should refer to that package/module path."},"options":{"a":"Rewrite the Book class in main.py","b":"Fix main.py to import Book through the models.book module","c":"Delete models/book.py","d":"Rename Book to match the broken import"}},"q-debugging-imports-state-multi-1":{"title":"Diagnose shared mutable state","prompt":"Which TWO observations strongly point to a shared mutable default argument bug?","hint":"Think about state unexpectedly appearing in another instance.","help":{"concept":"A mutable default can make separately constructed objects share one list across constructor calls.","hint_1":"Look for interaction between two supposedly separate objects.","hint_2":"Look for a list literal used as a default parameter value."},"options":{"a":"Adding a book to one default-constructed ReadingList changes another one's count","b":"Two objects have different owner names","c":"The constructor signature uses `books=[]`","d":"A method returns the length of its own list"}},"q-debugging-imports-state-multi-2":{"title":"Debug a state-changing method","prompt":"`task.complete()` returns `True`, but `task.done` remains `False`. Which TWO checks are most useful?","hint":"Separate the method's return value from the object's stored state.","help":{"concept":"A successful return value does not prove the object's state was updated.","hint_1":"Inspect the state after the call.","hint_2":"Inspect whether the method actually assigns the state attribute."},"options":{"a":"Check `task.done` after calling `complete()`","b":"Check whether `complete()` assigns `self.done = True`","c":"Rename the Task class","d":"Change the import path even though the module loads correctly"}},"q-debugging-imports-state-fill-1":{"title":"Complete a safe default parameter","prompt":"Fill in the missing default value so the constructor avoids a shared mutable list.","hint":"Use a non-mutable placeholder instead of `[]`.","help":{"concept":"Use an immutable sentinel default, then create a new list inside the constructor so instances never share one mutable default.","hint_1":"The blank should not be a list literal.","hint_2":"Choose the special Python value commonly used to mean 'no value was passed'."},"template":"def __init__(self, books=[blank1]):","choices":["None","[]","{}","0"]},"q-debugging-imports-state-fill-2":{"title":"Complete the package import","prompt":"Fill in the missing module name for this import from a `models` package.","hint":"Import from the module whose file actually defines the class named in the prompt.","help":{"concept":"In `from package.module import Name`, the module part is the file name without `.py`.","hint_1":"Separate the class name from the module path: the blank belongs to the file path portion of the import.","hint_2":"For a file inside models/, the module segment matches the Python filename without the .py extension."},"template":"from models.[blank1] import Book","choices":["book","Lesson notes panel","models","import"]},"q-debugging-imports-state-order-1":{"title":"Order a state-debugging workflow","prompt":"Put these steps in a sensible order for debugging a method that changes object state.","hint":"Start by observing the initial state before calling the method.","help":{"concept":"A clear debugging workflow checks the starting state, performs one action, then verifies the resulting state so you can isolate where the bug appears.","hint_1":"The method call belongs in the middle, between the before-check and after-check.","hint_2":"Finish by comparing the actual new state with the expected rule for that method."},"tokens":{"t1":"Create the object with a known starting value","t2":"Check the relevant attribute before the method call","t3":"Call the state-changing method once","t4":"Check the attribute again after the call"}},"ci-debugging-imports-and-state-4":{"title":"Fix a service import and keep the report working","prompt":"A classroom catalog app has a report service that should import `CatalogItem` from the models package and format one line of text. Fix the broken import in `services/report_service.py` so `main.py` prints `Marker: 8`. Keep the existing function and class names.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom services.report_service import format_item\n\nitem = CatalogItem(\"Marker\", 8)\nprint(format_item(item))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom services.report_service import format_item\n\nitem = CatalogItem(\"Marker\", 8)\nprint(format_item(item))"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, quantity):\n self.title = title\n self.quantity = quantity"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"from model.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\ndef format_item(item: CatalogItem):\n return f\"{item.title}: {item.quantity}\""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom services.report_service import format_item\n\nitem = CatalogItem(\"Marker\", 8)\nprint(format_item(item))"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, quantity):\n self.title = title\n self.quantity = quantity"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\ndef format_item(item: CatalogItem):\n return f\"{item.title}: {item.quantity}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom services.report_service import format_item\n\nitem = CatalogItem(\"Marker\", 8)\nprint(format_item(item))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Program should print one formatted report line."}}},"ci-debugging-imports-and-state-5":{"title":"Repair independent cart state in a model file","prompt":"A snack shop app stores cart items in a `Cart` class inside `models/cart.py`. Right now two carts share the same default list. Fix the constructor so separate carts keep separate state, and keep the existing `add_item` and `item_count` methods.","hint":"The bug starts in the constructor parameter list.","help":{"concept":"Each object should own its own mutable state unless you intentionally pass in a shared object.","hint_1":"Avoid using `[]` directly as the default parameter value.","hint_2":"Use a placeholder default, then create a fresh list inside `__init__` when needed."},"starterCode":"from models.cart import Cart\n\nfirst = Cart(\"Ava\")\nsecond = Cart(\"Ben\")\nfirst.add_item(\"chips\")\nprint(first.item_count())\nprint(second.item_count())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.cart import Cart\n\nfirst = Cart(\"Ava\")\nsecond = Cart(\"Ben\")\nfirst.add_item(\"chips\")\nprint(first.item_count())\nprint(second.item_count())"},"models_init_py":{"content":"# package marker"},"models_cart_py":{"content":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, owner, items=[]):\n self.owner = owner\n self.items = items\n\n def add_item(self, name):\n self.items.append(name)\n\n def item_count(self):\n return len(self.items)"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_init_py":{"content":"# package marker"},"models_cart_py":{"content":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, owner, items=None):\n self.owner = owner\n self.items = [] if items is None else list(items)\n\n def add_item(self, name):\n self.items.append(name)\n\n def item_count(self):\n return len(self.items)"},"main_py":{"content":"from models.cart import Cart\n\nfirst = Cart(\"Ava\")\nsecond = Cart(\"Ben\")\nfirst.add_item(\"chips\")\nprint(first.item_count())\nprint(second.item_count())"}},"solutionCode":"from models.cart import Cart\n\nfirst = Cart(\"Ava\")\nsecond = Cart(\"Ben\")\nfirst.add_item(\"chips\")\nprint(first.item_count())\nprint(second.item_count())"},"ci-debugging-imports-and-state-6":{"title":"Fix a state-changing method in a task model","prompt":"A project tracker has a `Task` class with a `complete()` method. Right now the method returns `True` but forgets to update the object's `done` attribute. Fix the method so the object's state changes correctly and repeated calls still leave it completed.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.task import Task\n\ntask = Task(\"Write report\")\nprint(task.is_done())\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.is_done())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.task import Task\n\ntask = Task(\"Write report\")\nprint(task.is_done())\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.is_done())"},"models_init_py":{"content":"# package marker"},"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n return True\n\n def is_done(self):\n return self.done"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_init_py":{"content":"# package marker"},"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n self.done = True\n\n def is_done(self):\n return self.done"},"main_py":{"content":"from models.task import Task\n\ntask = Task(\"Write report\")\nprint(task.is_done())\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.is_done())"}},"solutionCode":"from models.task import Task\n\ntask = Task(\"Write report\")\nprint(task.is_done())\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.is_done())"}}},"module-10-oop-quality-project":{"label":"Module 10 Animal Shelter Quality Project","summary":"Stabilize Harbor Street Animal Shelter's intake app before a busy adoption weekend by adding regression tests and repairing real defects.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Animal Shelter Quality Pass"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_10_oop_quality_project_sketch0":{"title":"Milestone 1: write model regression tests"},"project_step_report_service_tests":{"title":"Milestone 2: refactor and test mixed reporting"},"project_step_storage_loader":{"title":"Milestone 3: debug and test the CSV loader"},"project_step_debug_imports_state":{"title":"Milestone 4: reproduce and fix adoption state"},"project_step_regression_summary":{"title":"Milestone 5: build and test the cumulative summary"},"project_step_final_regression":{"title":"Milestone 6: finish the full regression suite"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_10_oop_quality_project_sketch0":{"title":"Milestone 1: write model regression tests","prompt":"`ShelterPet` and `FosterPet` are supplied production classes. In `tests/check_model.py`, use the provided `pet` and `foster` fixtures to write meaningful assertions for stored pet state, initial availability, the `FosterPet` inheritance relationship, and the overridden `adoption_label()` result. Also verify that constructing a ShelterPet with age `-1` raises `ValueError`. Do not repair `mark_adopted()` yet; that intentional bug belongs to a later milestone. Keep the final `model tests passed` print.","hint":"This is a testing milestone: production models stay supplied. Assert observable state and behavior instead of rebuilding them.","help":{"concept":"A useful model regression test protects constructor state, validation, inheritance, and an override contract.","hint_1":"Check the supplied `pet` attributes and availability.","hint_2":"Check that `foster` is a ShelterPet and uses its specialized label."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\n# Add meaningful model/inheritance assertions here.\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nlines = []\nfor pet in pets:\n lines.append(pet.adoption_label())\n\nprint(\", \".join(lines))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\n# Add meaningful model/inheritance assertions here.\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nlines = []\nfor pet in pets:\n lines.append(pet.adoption_label())\n\nprint(\", \".join(lines))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Store all pet attributes and the adopted state."},"1":{"message":"A new pet should be available."},"2":{"message":"Keep main.py runnable."}},"expectedOutput":"model tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Assert both stored model state and the new pet's initial availability."},"1":{"message":"Assert the FosterPet inheritance relationship and specialized adoption label."},"2":{"message":"Exercise the negative-age case and handle the expected `ValueError`."}}},"project_step_report_service_tests":{"title":"Milestone 2: refactor and test mixed reporting","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 1 workspace. `main.py` currently owns a working list-wide label loop. Refactor that collection coordination into `adoption_labels(pets)` in `services/reporting.py`; it must call each object's shared `adoption_label()` method without branching on concrete types. Also implement `young_pet_names(pets, max_age)` so it returns matching names in input order. Update `main.py` to import and use `adoption_labels()` instead of keeping the old loop. Then complete `tests/check_reporting.py` with assertions for both provided mixed ShelterPet/FosterPet fixtures and both age limits. Keep `build_summary()` unfinished for Milestone 5.","hint":"The refactor moves list-wide work only. Each model already owns its own `adoption_label()` behavior.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves service refactoring plus regression testing of a mixed polymorphic collection.","hint_1":"The service should call `pet.adoption_label()` uniformly.","hint_2":"The test should compare exact ordered lists for normal and reversed mixed fixtures."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 2.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nlines = []\nfor pet in pets:\n lines.append(pet.adoption_label())\n\nprint(\", \".join(lines))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n # Added in Milestone 2.\n pass\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 2.\n pass\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 2.\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nprint(\", \".join(adoption_labels(pets)))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Return values that produce the exact two-line shelter report."}},"expectedOutput":"reporting tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"`adoption_labels(pets)` should use the shared `adoption_label()` contract without concrete-type branching."},"1":{"message":"Remove the old list loop from main.py and call `adoption_labels(pets)` instead."},"2":{"message":"Assert the ordered labels for both supplied mixed fixtures."},"3":{"message":"Assert the young-pet filtering result for both supplied fixtures."}}},"project_step_storage_loader":{"title":"Milestone 3: debug and test the CSV loader","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 2 workspace. `storage/pet_loader.py` has a real import-path bug: its model imports do not match the `models/` file tree. Fix those imports without rewriting the already-complete loader body. Then complete `tests/check_loader.py` so it loads `data/pets.csv` and asserts row order, converted integer ages, ShelterPet/FosterPet object types, and Pepper's foster label. Keep every earlier test file present and unchanged.","hint":"Debug the layer that is actually broken: the loader body already works once its module paths match the file tree.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves import debugging and tests the storage boundary from CSV rows to real model objects.","hint_1":"`models/shelter_pet.py` maps to the `models.shelter_pet` module.","hint_2":"The CSV's foster row should become a FosterPet."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 3.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nprint(\", \".join(adoption_labels(pets)))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 3.\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nprint(\", \".join(adoption_labels(pets)))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Load all three CSV rows as ShelterPet objects."}},"expectedOutput":"loader tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import `ShelterPet` through the `models.shelter_pet` module path."},"1":{"message":"Import `FosterPet` through the `models.foster_pet` module path."},"2":{"message":"Assert the loaded row order and converted integer ages."},"3":{"message":"Assert that the foster CSV row becomes a FosterPet with its specialized label."}}},"project_step_debug_imports_state":{"title":"Milestone 4: reproduce and fix adoption state","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 3 workspace. `ShelterPet.mark_adopted()` currently returns `True` but never updates the object's `adopted` state. First complete `tests/check_adoption.py` so the supplied pet is checked before adoption, after the first `mark_adopted()` call, and after a second call. Then repair `mark_adopted()` in `models/shelter_pet.py` by setting `self.adopted = True` before returning the new value. Keep all earlier production code and tests unchanged.","hint":"A successful return value and a stored state transition are two different things. Your test should prove both.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves object-state testing and debugging of a method that reports success without mutating state.","hint_1":"The pet starts available.","hint_2":"Repeated adoption calls should leave the pet unavailable."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nprint(\", \".join(adoption_labels(pets)))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n # BUG: this reports success but does not update adopted state.\n return True\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_adoption_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nprint(\", \".join(adoption_labels(pets)))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n self.adopted = True\n return self.adopted\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_adoption_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Luna\", \"dog\", 5)\n\nassert pet.is_available() is True\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\n\nprint(\"adoption tests passed\")\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Luna\", \"dog\", 5)\n\nassert pet.is_available() is True\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\n\nprint(\"adoption tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"mark_adopted() should return the new adopted state."},"1":{"message":"Print the adopted result and the updated availability."}},"expectedOutput":"adoption tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Update `self.adopted` inside `mark_adopted()` instead of only returning success."},"1":{"message":"Test the same pet before adoption, after the first call, and after a repeated call."}}},"project_step_regression_summary":{"title":"Milestone 5: build and test the cumulative summary","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 4 workspace. Implement `build_summary(pets, max_age)` in `services/reporting.py`. Return a dictionary with `total_pets`, `available_labels`, and `young_pet_count`. `available_labels` must preserve input order, include only pets whose `is_available()` is true, and use each pet's own `adoption_label()` method. Compute `young_pet_count` from the existing `young_pet_names(pets, max_age)` helper instead of duplicating its age rule. Complete `tests/check_summary.py` with the supplied CSV/adoption workflow, and update `main.py` to display the same three summary values.","hint":"Reuse the contracts already protected by earlier milestones: loader objects, adoption state, polymorphic labels, and the young-pet helper.","help":{"concept":"A cumulative integration test protects multiple already-tested boundaries without reimplementing them.","hint_1":"Filter availability with `pet.is_available()` and format with `pet.adoption_label()`.","hint_2":"Use `len(young_pet_names(pets, max_age))` for the count."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels\n\npets = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nprint(\", \".join(adoption_labels(pets)))\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n self.adopted = True\n return self.adopted\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n # Added in Milestone 5.\n pass\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_summary_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_adoption_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Luna\", \"dog\", 5)\n\nassert pet.is_available() is True\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\n\nprint(\"adoption tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nprint(summary[\"total_pets\"])\nprint(\", \".join(summary[\"available_labels\"]))\nprint(summary[\"young_pet_count\"])\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n self.adopted = True\n return self.adopted\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n return {\n \"total_pets\": len(pets),\n \"available_labels\": [\n pet.adoption_label()\n for pet in pets\n if pet.is_available()\n ],\n \"young_pet_count\": len(young_pet_names(pets, max_age)),\n }\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_summary_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nassert summary == {\n \"total_pets\": 3,\n \"available_labels\": [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"],\n \"young_pet_count\": 2,\n}\n\nprint(\"summary tests passed\")\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_adoption_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Luna\", \"dog\", 5)\n\nassert pet.is_available() is True\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\n\nprint(\"adoption tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nassert summary == {\n \"total_pets\": 3,\n \"available_labels\": [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"],\n \"young_pet_count\": 2,\n}\n\nprint(\"summary tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Return all three shelter summary values so main.py prints the expected report."}},"expectedOutput":"summary tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"`build_summary` should reuse availability, polymorphic labels, and `young_pet_names()` rather than duplicating those rules."},"1":{"message":"Assert the complete summary produced by the supplied CSV-plus-adoption workflow."}}},"project_step_final_regression":{"title":"Milestone 6: finish the full regression suite","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 5 workspace. Keep every earlier test file and completed production layer intact. In `tests/check_regression.py`, write one end-to-end regression check that loads the CSV, verifies row order and the FosterPet subtype, checks mixed `adoption_labels()` and `young_pet_names()` results, marks Luna adopted, verifies her availability changed, and asserts the final `build_summary()` dictionary. Keep the final `regression checks passed` print. Then finish `README.md` by explaining the responsibility of `models/`, `services/`, `storage/`, `tests/`, and `main.py`.","hint":"The final regression should call the real completed layers; do not recreate their logic inside the test.","help":{"concept":"A final regression test protects the whole workflow while the README records the responsibility boundary each folder owns.","hint_1":"Use `load_pets`, the reporting helpers, and the real adoption method.","hint_2":"Document responsibilities, not implementation trivia."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 6.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nprint(summary[\"total_pets\"])\nprint(\", \".join(summary[\"available_labels\"]))\nprint(summary[\"young_pet_count\"])\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n self.adopted = True\n return self.adopted\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n return {\n \"total_pets\": len(pets),\n \"available_labels\": [\n pet.adoption_label()\n for pet in pets\n if pet.is_available()\n ],\n \"young_pet_count\": len(young_pet_names(pets, max_age)),\n }\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_regression_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 6.\n"},"README_md":{"content":"# Animal Shelter Quality Pass\n\nDocument the responsibility of `models/`, `services/`, `storage/`, `tests/`, and `main.py` in Milestone 6.\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_adoption_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Luna\", \"dog\", 5)\n\nassert pet.is_available() is True\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\n\nprint(\"adoption tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_summary_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nassert summary == {\n \"total_pets\": 3,\n \"available_labels\": [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"],\n \"young_pet_count\": 2,\n}\n\nprint(\"summary tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nprint(summary[\"total_pets\"])\nprint(\", \".join(summary[\"available_labels\"]))\nprint(summary[\"young_pet_count\"])\n"},"models_shelter_pet_py":{"content":"class ShelterPet:\n def __init__(self, name, species, age):\n if age < 0:\n raise ValueError(\"age cannot be negative\")\n\n self.name = name\n self.species = species\n self.age = age\n self.adopted = False\n\n def is_available(self):\n return not self.adopted\n\n def adoption_label(self):\n return self.name\n\n def mark_adopted(self):\n self.adopted = True\n return self.adopted\n"},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def adoption_labels(pets):\n return [pet.adoption_label() for pet in pets]\n\n\ndef young_pet_names(pets, max_age):\n return [pet.name for pet in pets if pet.age <= max_age]\n\n\ndef build_summary(pets, max_age):\n return {\n \"total_pets\": len(pets),\n \"available_labels\": [\n pet.adoption_label()\n for pet in pets\n if pet.is_available()\n ],\n \"young_pet_count\": len(young_pet_names(pets, max_age)),\n }\n"},"storage_pet_loader_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\n\ndef load_pets(path):\n pets = []\n\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n pet_class = FosterPet if row[\"foster\"] == \"yes\" else ShelterPet\n pets.append(\n pet_class(\n row[\"name\"],\n row[\"species\"],\n int(row[\"age\"]),\n )\n )\n\n return pets\n"},"data_pets_csv":{"content":"name,species,age,foster\nMilo,cat,3,no\nLuna,dog,5,no\nPepper,rabbit,1,yes\n"},"tests_check_regression_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, build_summary, young_pet_names\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert adoption_labels(pets) == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert young_pet_names(pets, 3) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper\"]\n\nassert pets[1].mark_adopted() is True\nassert pets[1].is_available() is False\n\nassert build_summary(pets, 3) == {\n \"total_pets\": 3,\n \"available_labels\": [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"],\n \"young_pet_count\": 2,\n}\n\nprint(\"regression checks passed\")\n"},"README_md":{"content":"# Animal Shelter Quality Pass\n\n- `models/` owns pet state, validation, inheritance, and per-pet behavior.\n- `services/` coordinates collections and returns report data without printing.\n- `storage/` converts CSV rows into the correct model objects.\n- `tests/` protects model, service, loader, adoption-state, summary, and full-workflow behavior.\n- `main.py` is the thin runnable demonstration that wires the completed layers together.\n"},"models_foster_pet_py":{"content":"from models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\n\nclass FosterPet(ShelterPet):\n def adoption_label(self):\n return f\"{self.name} (foster)\"\n"},"tests_check_model_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3)\nfoster = FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1)\n\nassert pet.name == \"Milo\"\nassert pet.species == \"cat\"\nassert pet.age == 3\nassert pet.is_available() is True\n\nassert isinstance(foster, ShelterPet)\nassert foster.adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\ntry:\n ShelterPet(\"Broken\", \"dog\", -1)\n raise AssertionError(\"negative age should fail\")\nexcept ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(\"model tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_reporting_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, young_pet_names\n\nmixed = [\n ShelterPet(\"Milo\", \"cat\", 3),\n FosterPet(\"Pepper\", \"rabbit\", 1),\n]\n\nreverse_mixed = [\n FosterPet(\"Nova\", \"dog\", 4),\n ShelterPet(\"Rex\", \"dog\", 2),\n]\n\nassert adoption_labels(mixed) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert adoption_labels(reverse_mixed) == [\"Nova (foster)\", \"Rex\"]\nassert young_pet_names(mixed, 2) == [\"Pepper\"]\nassert young_pet_names(reverse_mixed, 2) == [\"Rex\"]\n\nprint(\"reporting tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_loader_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert [pet.age for pet in pets] == [3, 5, 1]\nassert isinstance(pets[0], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[1], ShelterPet)\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert pets[2].adoption_label() == \"Pepper (foster)\"\n\nprint(\"loader tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_adoption_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.shelter_pet import ShelterPet\n\npet = ShelterPet(\"Luna\", \"dog\", 5)\n\nassert pet.is_available() is True\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\nassert pet.mark_adopted() is True\nassert pet.is_available() is False\n\nprint(\"adoption tests passed\")\n"},"tests_check_summary_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom services.reporting import build_summary\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\npets[1].mark_adopted()\n\nsummary = build_summary(pets, 3)\n\nassert summary == {\n \"total_pets\": 3,\n \"available_labels\": [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"],\n \"young_pet_count\": 2,\n}\n\nprint(\"summary tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.foster_pet import FosterPet\nfrom services.reporting import adoption_labels, build_summary, young_pet_names\nfrom storage.pet_loader import load_pets\n\npets = load_pets(\"data/pets.csv\")\n\nassert [pet.name for pet in pets] == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper\"]\nassert isinstance(pets[2], FosterPet)\nassert adoption_labels(pets) == [\"Milo\", \"Luna\", \"Pepper (foster)\"]\nassert young_pet_names(pets, 3) == [\"Milo\", \"Pepper\"]\n\nassert pets[1].mark_adopted() is True\nassert pets[1].is_available() is False\n\nassert build_summary(pets, 3) == {\n \"total_pets\": 3,\n \"available_labels\": [\"Milo\", \"Pepper (foster)\"],\n \"young_pet_count\": 2,\n}\n\nprint(\"regression checks passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the full shelter report and print the regression confirmation line."}},"expectedOutput":"regression checks passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Exercise the real CSV loader, FosterPet subtype, and both reporting helpers in the final regression."},"1":{"message":"Protect the adoption transition and final summary in the end-to-end regression."},"2":{"message":"Explain the responsibility of models, services, storage, tests, and main.py in README.md."}}}}}},"refactoring-oop-services":{"label":"Refactoring OOP Services","summary":"Refactor working OOP code by moving list-wide coordination into focused services while keeping object-specific behavior on the model and main.py thin.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Extract list-wide reporting"},"sketch1":{"title":"Keep model and service responsibilities separate"},"sketch2":{"title":"Refactor safely with imports and small steps"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_refactoring_oop_services_sketch0":{"title":"Extract a working report loop into ReportService","prompt":"`main.py` already works, and `models/book.py` already owns `Book.display_line()`. Refactor the list-wide report logic into `ReportService.build_report(self, books)` in `services/report_service.py`. The service must build the report from each Book's existing `display_line()` result and return the single newline-separated string. Then update `main.py` to import `ReportService`, remove the old report-building `for` loop, and print the value returned by `build_report(books)`. Preserve the same visible output.","hint":"Move the collection coordination, not the one-book formatting. `Book.display_line()` already owns that behavior.","help":{"concept":"A safe refactor moves list-wide work into the service while the model keeps its per-object behavior and the output stays stable.","hint_1":"The service can collect each `book.display_line()` result.","hint_2":"After the move, main.py should call the service instead of keeping the report loop."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nfirst_title = input()\nfirst_price = int(input())\nsecond_title = input()\nsecond_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(first_title, first_price),\n Book(second_title, second_price),\n]\n\nlines = []\nfor book in books:\n lines.append(book.display_line())\n\nprint(\"\\n\".join(lines))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nfirst_title = input()\nfirst_price = int(input())\nsecond_title = input()\nsecond_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(first_title, first_price),\n Book(second_title, second_price),\n]\n\nlines = []\nfor book in books:\n lines.append(book.display_line())\n\nprint(\"\\n\".join(lines))\n"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"class ReportService:\n def build_report(self, books):\n # Move the list-wide report coordination here.\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"{self.title}: ${self.price}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.report_service import ReportService\n\nfirst_title = input()\nfirst_price = int(input())\nsecond_title = input()\nsecond_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(first_title, first_price),\n Book(second_title, second_price),\n]\n\nprint(ReportService().build_report(books))\n"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"class ReportService:\n def build_report(self, books):\n return \"\\n\".join(book.display_line() for book in books)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"{self.title}: ${self.price}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.report_service import ReportService\n\nfirst_title = input()\nfirst_price = int(input())\nsecond_title = input()\nsecond_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(first_title, first_price),\n Book(second_title, second_price),\n]\n\nprint(ReportService().build_report(books))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define ReportService in its service file."},"1":{"message":"Return both formatted lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Python Basics: $12\nDebugging Guide: $18","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import `ReportService` from `services.report_service` after moving the report responsibility."},"1":{"message":"Remove the old collection loop from main.py and print the report returned by `ReportService.build_report(books)`."},"2":{"message":"`build_report(self, books)` should coordinate the collection using each Book's existing `display_line()` behavior."}}},"try_refactoring_oop_services_sketch1":{"title":"Move collection filtering into CatalogService","prompt":"`main.py` already works, and `Book.is_affordable(max_price)` already owns the one-book affordability rule. Refactor the list-wide filtering into `CatalogService.affordable_titles(self, books, max_price)` in `services/catalog_service.py`. The service must use each Book's existing `is_affordable(max_price)` method and return the matching titles in input order. Then update `main.py` to import and call `CatalogService`, remove the old filtering `for` loop, and keep printing the returned titles joined with ` | `. Preserve the same visible behavior.","hint":"The model decides whether one book is affordable; the service decides which titles to collect from the whole list.","help":{"concept":"A focused service coordinates a collection without stealing the object-specific rule from the model.","hint_1":"Call `book.is_affordable(max_price)` inside the service.","hint_2":"main.py should only create books, call the service, and display the returned titles."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nmax_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n]\n\ntitles = []\nfor book in books:\n if book.is_affordable(max_price):\n titles.append(book.title)\n\nprint(\" | \".join(titles))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nmax_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n]\n\ntitles = []\nfor book in books:\n if book.is_affordable(max_price):\n titles.append(book.title)\n\nprint(\" | \".join(titles))\n"},"services_catalog_service_py":{"content":"class CatalogService:\n def affordable_titles(self, books, max_price):\n # Move the list-wide filtering coordination here.\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price\n\n def is_affordable(self, max_price):\n return self.price <= max_price\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.catalog_service import CatalogService\n\nmax_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n]\n\ntitles = CatalogService().affordable_titles(books, max_price)\nprint(\" | \".join(titles))\n"},"services_catalog_service_py":{"content":"class CatalogService:\n def affordable_titles(self, books, max_price):\n titles = []\n\n for book in books:\n if book.is_affordable(max_price):\n titles.append(book.title)\n\n return titles\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price\n\n def is_affordable(self, max_price):\n return self.price <= max_price\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.catalog_service import CatalogService\n\nmax_price = int(input())\n\nbooks = [\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n Book(input(), int(input())),\n]\n\ntitles = CatalogService().affordable_titles(books, max_price)\nprint(\" | \".join(titles))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define CatalogService in the service file."},"1":{"message":"Return the correct total for a list of book dictionaries."},"2":{"message":"Print the returned total from main.py."}},"expectedOutput":"Dune | Beloved","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import `CatalogService` from `services.catalog_service` after moving the collection filtering responsibility."},"1":{"message":"Remove the filtering loop from main.py and get `titles` from `CatalogService.affordable_titles(books, max_price)`."},"2":{"message":"`affordable_titles` should coordinate the collection by using each Book's existing `is_affordable(max_price)` rule."}}},"try_refactoring_oop_services_sketch2":{"title":"Refactor counting into a service method","prompt":"Complete `CatalogService.count_books(books)` so it returns the number of book dictionaries, including `0` for an empty list.","hint":"Return `len(books)`.","help":{"concept":"A small service method can still make responsibilities explicit and easy to test.","hint_1":"Return `len(books)`.","hint_2":"Inspect the requested file and account for each requirement before running the workspace."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided non-empty and empty-list demo.\nfrom services.catalog_service import CatalogService\n\nservice = CatalogService()\nprint(service.count_books([{\"title\": \"Dune\"}, {\"title\": \"Beloved\"}]))\nprint(service.count_books([]))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided non-empty and empty-list demo.\nfrom services.catalog_service import CatalogService\n\nservice = CatalogService()\nprint(service.count_books([{\"title\": \"Dune\"}, {\"title\": \"Beloved\"}]))\nprint(service.count_books([]))\n"},"services_catalog_service_py":{"content":"class CatalogService:\n def count_books(self, books):\n # TODO: return how many book dictionaries were supplied.\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from services.catalog_service import CatalogService\n\nservice = CatalogService()\nprint(service.count_books([{\"title\": \"Dune\"}, {\"title\": \"Beloved\"}]))\nprint(service.count_books([]))\n"},"services_catalog_service_py":{"content":"class CatalogService:\n def count_books(self, books):\n return len(books)\n"}},"solutionCode":"from services.catalog_service import CatalogService\n\nservice = CatalogService()\nprint(service.count_books([{\"title\": \"Dune\"}, {\"title\": \"Beloved\"}]))\nprint(service.count_books([]))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Return 2 for the provided two-book list."},"1":{"message":"Return 0 for an empty list."},"2":{"message":"Print both results from main.py."}},"expectedOutput":"2\n0"}},"practice":{"mc-refactor-benefits":{"title":"Recognize a successful refactor","prompt":"Which TWO outcomes show that moving report logic from `main.py` into a service was a useful refactor?","hint":"The responsibility should move while observable behavior stays stable.","help":{"concept":"Refactoring changes structure without changing the program's promised behavior.","hint_1":"The old output should still be produced.","hint_2":"The collection-wide responsibility should have one clear home."},"options":{"a":"main.py becomes thinner because the collection-wide report logic lives in a service","b":"The refactor changes the report format at the same time","c":"The same input still produces the same visible report","d":"The old loop remains duplicated in main.py and the service"}},"fb-service-home":{"title":"Choose the right home for report logic","prompt":"Complete the sentence with the best word.","hint":"The blank should name the file role that coordinates multiple objects.","help":{"concept":"List-wide orchestration and reporting usually belong in a service module rather than in one model object or scattered main.py code.","hint_1":"Think about the module that combines data from several objects.","hint_2":"The correct choice is the layer that builds reports and totals from object lists."},"template":"Catalog-wide report formatting usually belongs in a [blank1] module.","choices":["service","model","attribute","fixture"]},"ci-refactor-discount-service":{"title":"Create a pricing service method","prompt":"The catalog app now needs a separate pricing service. Complete `PricingService.discounted_total(books, percent)` in `services/pricing_service.py`. It should add all book prices, apply the percentage discount to the total, and return the discounted amount. For example, a 10 percent discount on a total of 50 should return 45.0.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.pricing_service import PricingService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 20), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 30)]\nservice = PricingService()\nprint(service.discounted_total(books, 10))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.pricing_service import PricingService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 20), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 30)]\nservice = PricingService()\nprint(service.discounted_total(books, 10))"},"services_pricing_service_py":{"content":"class PricingService:\n def discounted_total(self, books, percent):\n pass"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.pricing_service import PricingService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 20), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 30)]\nservice = PricingService()\nprint(service.discounted_total(books, 10))"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price"},"services_pricing_service_py":{"content":"class PricingService:\n def discounted_total(self, books, percent):\n total = sum(book.price for book in books)\n return total * (1 - percent / 100)"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.pricing_service import PricingService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 20), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 30)]\nservice = PricingService()\nprint(service.discounted_total(books, 10))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a PricingService class in services/pricing_service.py."},"1":{"message":"PricingService should be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"discounted_total should apply the percentage discount to the full total."},"3":{"message":"discounted_total should work with a different total and discount percent."}}},"mc-safe-refactor-steps":{"title":"Choose safe refactoring steps","prompt":"Which THREE actions make an OOP service refactor safer?","hint":"Move one responsibility, reconnect the caller, and verify behavior.","help":{"concept":"Small structural moves are safer when imports/calls are updated and behavior is checked after the move.","hint_1":"Do not mix unrelated behavior changes into the same refactor.","hint_2":"Keep a way to compare before and after behavior."},"options":{"a":"Move one collection-wide responsibility at a time","b":"Update the caller to import and use the new service","c":"Change output rules during the same refactor","d":"Run the program or tests again after the move"}},"fb-import-line":{"title":"Complete the service import","prompt":"Fill in the missing module name for this refactor.","hint":"The class lives in the `services` folder and the file name matches the service role.","help":{"concept":"After moving logic into a service file, the caller must import the class from the correct module path.","hint_1":"The import starts with `from services.` because the file is inside the services folder.","hint_2":"Use the module name that would hold `ReportService` in a file named after the service."},"template":"from services.[blank1] import ReportService","choices":["report_service","book","main","catalog"]},"ci-refactor-summary-service":{"title":"Build a one-line catalog summary service","prompt":"Complete `SummaryService.build_summary(books)` in `services/summary_service.py`. It should return a single string in this exact format: `Books: | Total: $`. For example, two books priced 12 and 18 should produce `Books: 2 | Total: $30`. This combines two pieces of orchestration logic in one service method.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.summary_service import SummaryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18)]\nservice = SummaryService()\nprint(service.build_summary(books))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.summary_service import SummaryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18)]\nservice = SummaryService()\nprint(service.build_summary(books))"},"services_summary_service_py":{"content":"class SummaryService:\n def build_summary(self, books):\n pass"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.summary_service import SummaryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18)]\nservice = SummaryService()\nprint(service.build_summary(books))"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price"},"services_summary_service_py":{"content":"class SummaryService:\n def build_summary(self, books):\n total = sum(book.price for book in books)\n return f\"Books: {len(books)} | Total: ${total}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.summary_service import SummaryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18)]\nservice = SummaryService()\nprint(service.build_summary(books))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a SummaryService class in services/summary_service.py."},"1":{"message":"SummaryService should be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"build_summary should return the exact summary format for the catalog."},"3":{"message":"build_summary should work for a one-book catalog."}}},"sc-main-role":{"title":"Keep main.py thin","prompt":"After list-wide filtering and reporting move into services, what should `main.py` mainly do?","hint":"Think about wiring pieces together rather than owning their internal logic.","help":{"concept":"The entry script should mainly create objects, call services, and display returned results.","hint_1":"Models and services should own the reusable behavior.","hint_2":"main.py is the coordinator at the application boundary."},"options":{"a":"Create objects, call service methods, and display returned results","b":"Keep duplicate copies of every service loop as a backup","c":"Move one-book methods out of the model and into print statements","d":"Avoid imports by keeping every responsibility in main.py"}},"dr-refactor-order":{"title":"Order the refactor steps","prompt":"Put these steps in a sensible order for moving report logic from `main.py` into a service file while preserving behavior.","hint":"Start by identifying the logic to move, then create the service, then reconnect the caller.","help":{"concept":"A safe refactor follows a sequence: isolate one responsibility, move it, reconnect imports and calls, then verify behavior.","hint_1":"The caller cannot use the new service until the service method exists.","hint_2":"After updating `main.py`, the last step is to run the app or tests and compare behavior."},"tokens":{"t1":"Identify the report-building code in main.py.","t2":"Create a service method for that logic.","t3":"Update main.py to import and call the service.","t4":"Run the program or tests to confirm the output stayed the same."}},"ci-refactor-filter-service":{"title":"Move filtering logic into InventoryService","prompt":"A catalog screen should show only affordable books. Complete `InventoryService.affordable_titles(books, max_price)` in `services/inventory_service.py`. Return a list of titles for every book whose price is less than or equal to `max_price`. This refactor moves filtering logic for a whole list into a service.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.inventory_service import InventoryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18), Book(\"Testing Notes\", 10)]\nservice = InventoryService()\nprint(service.affordable_titles(books, 12))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.inventory_service import InventoryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18), Book(\"Testing Notes\", 10)]\nservice = InventoryService()\nprint(service.affordable_titles(books, 12))"},"services_inventory_service_py":{"content":"class InventoryService:\n def affordable_titles(self, books, max_price):\n pass"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.inventory_service import InventoryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18), Book(\"Testing Notes\", 10)]\nservice = InventoryService()\nprint(service.affordable_titles(books, 12))"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price"},"services_inventory_service_py":{"content":"class InventoryService:\n def affordable_titles(self, books, max_price):\n return [book.title for book in books if book.price <= max_price]"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom services.inventory_service import InventoryService\n\nbooks = [Book(\"Python Basics\", 12), Book(\"Debugging Guide\", 18), Book(\"Testing Notes\", 10)]\nservice = InventoryService()\nprint(service.affordable_titles(books, 12))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define an InventoryService class in services/inventory_service.py."},"1":{"message":"InventoryService should be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"affordable_titles should return titles whose prices are at or below the limit."},"3":{"message":"affordable_titles should return an empty list when nothing matches."}}}}},"testing-inheritance-and-polymorphism":{"label":"Testing Inheritance and Polymorphism","summary":"Write regression tests for subclass contracts and mixed-object services without rebuilding the production classes.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Test a subclass contract"},"sketch1":{"title":"Test a mixed polymorphic service"},"sketch2":{"title":"Test a defensive edge case"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_testing_inheritance_and_polymorphism_sketch0":{"title":"Write a subclass contract test","prompt":"`CatalogItem` and `Book` are already complete. In `tests/check_book.py`, use the existing `book` fixture to assert that it is an instance of `CatalogItem`, then assert that `book.label()` returns exactly `Book: Dune by Frank Herbert`. Leave both model files unchanged and keep the final `book inheritance tests passed` print.","hint":"One assertion checks the inheritance relationship; the other checks the subclass's specialized public behavior.","help":{"concept":"A useful subclass regression test checks the relationship and the public contract without inspecting implementation details.","hint_1":"Use `isinstance(book, CatalogItem)`.","hint_2":"Assert the exact value returned by `book.label()`."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\")\n\n# Assert that book is a CatalogItem.\n# Assert that Book's specialized label() returns:\n# Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\n\nprint(\"book inheritance tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"tests_check_book_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\")\n\n# Assert that book is a CatalogItem.\n# Assert that Book's specialized label() returns:\n# Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\n\nprint(\"book inheritance tests passed\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def label(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement label().\")\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n self.title = title\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"tests_check_book_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\")\n\nassert isinstance(book, CatalogItem)\nassert book.label() == \"Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\"\n\nprint(\"book inheritance tests passed\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def label(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement label().\")\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n self.title = title\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\")\n\nassert isinstance(book, CatalogItem)\nassert book.label() == \"Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\"\n\nprint(\"book inheritance tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"build_book_label() should return the Book label from the subclass override."},"1":{"message":"Keep the success message print after the assertion passes."}},"expectedOutput":"book inheritance tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Assert that the Book fixture is also a CatalogItem."},"1":{"message":"Assert the exact specialized value returned by `book.label()`."}}},"try_testing_inheritance_and_polymorphism_sketch1":{"title":"Write mixed-service regression tests","prompt":"`Book`, `Game`, and `build_labels(items)` are already complete. In `tests/check_catalog_report.py`, use the provided `mixed_items` fixture to assert the normal Book/Game labels in order. Then use the provided `edge_items` fixture to assert `Game: Untitled on Switch` followed by `Book: Beloved by Toni Morrison`. Do not rewrite the models or service. Keep the final `polymorphic report tests passed` print.","hint":"Call the service on each provided mixed fixture and compare the returned list with the exact expected labels.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic service test passes representative mixed objects through the service and checks observable results.","hint_1":"The first assertion uses `mixed_items`.","hint_2":"The second assertion retrieves the empty-title edge case through `edge_items`."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.game import Game\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nmixed_items = [\n Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"),\n Game(\"Portal 2\", \"PC\"),\n]\n\nedge_items = [\n Game(\"\", \"Switch\"),\n Book(\"Beloved\", \"Toni Morrison\"),\n]\n\n# Assert build_labels(mixed_items) returns the two normal labels in order.\n# Assert build_labels(edge_items) returns:\n# Game: Untitled on Switch\n# Book: Beloved by Toni Morrison\n\nprint(\"polymorphic report tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# TODO: complete this step in main.py.\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n self.title = title\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"},"models_game_py":{"content":"class Game:\n def __init__(self, title, platform):\n self.title = title if title else \"Untitled\"\n self.platform = platform\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Game: {self.title} on {self.platform}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.label())\n return labels\n"},"tests_check_catalog_report_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.game import Game\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nmixed_items = [\n Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"),\n Game(\"Portal 2\", \"PC\"),\n]\n\nedge_items = [\n Game(\"\", \"Switch\"),\n Book(\"Beloved\", \"Toni Morrison\"),\n]\n\n# Assert build_labels(mixed_items) returns the two normal labels in order.\n# Assert build_labels(edge_items) returns:\n# Game: Untitled on Switch\n# Book: Beloved by Toni Morrison\n\nprint(\"polymorphic report tests passed\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def label(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement label().\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.game import Game\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\n\ndef build_sample_labels():\n items = [\n Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"),\n Game(\"Portal 2\", \"PC\"),\n ]\n return build_labels(items)\n\n\nprint(build_sample_labels())"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n self.title = title\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"},"models_game_py":{"content":"class Game:\n def __init__(self, title, platform):\n self.title = title if title else \"Untitled\"\n self.platform = platform\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Game: {self.title} on {self.platform}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.label())\n return labels\n"},"tests_check_catalog_report_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.game import Game\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nmixed_items = [\n Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"),\n Game(\"Portal 2\", \"PC\"),\n]\n\nedge_items = [\n Game(\"\", \"Switch\"),\n Book(\"Beloved\", \"Toni Morrison\"),\n]\n\nassert build_labels(mixed_items) == [\n \"Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\",\n \"Game: Portal 2 on PC\",\n]\n\nassert build_labels(edge_items) == [\n \"Game: Untitled on Switch\",\n \"Book: Beloved by Toni Morrison\",\n]\n\nprint(\"polymorphic report tests passed\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def label(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement label().\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.game import Game\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nmixed_items = [\n Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"),\n Game(\"Portal 2\", \"PC\"),\n]\n\nedge_items = [\n Game(\"\", \"Switch\"),\n Book(\"Beloved\", \"Toni Morrison\"),\n]\n\nassert build_labels(mixed_items) == [\n \"Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\",\n \"Game: Portal 2 on PC\",\n]\n\nassert build_labels(edge_items) == [\n \"Game: Untitled on Switch\",\n \"Book: Beloved by Toni Morrison\",\n]\n\nprint(\"polymorphic report tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"build_sample_labels() should return labels from a mixed Book/Game list in order."},"1":{"message":"Print the returned label list."}},"expectedOutput":"polymorphic report tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Assert the exact ordered labels returned for `mixed_items`."},"1":{"message":"Assert the exact ordered labels returned for `edge_items`."}}},"try_testing_inheritance_and_polymorphism_sketch2":{"title":"Test validation with a fixture edge case","prompt":"Practice an edge case. Complete `build_empty_title_label()` so a game with an empty title falls back to `Untitled` and returns `Game: Untitled on Switch`.","hint":"Replace an empty incoming title before the label method uses it.","help":{"concept":"A good test includes edge cases. Here, the subclass should still return a useful label when the title is missing.","hint_1":"In `__init__`, use a fallback like `\"Untitled\"` when the incoming title is empty.","hint_2":"Leave `label()` using the stored `self.title` so the validation change shows up automatically."},"starterCode":"# TODO: complete this step in main.py.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# TODO: complete this step in main.py.\n"},"models_game_py":{"content":"class Game:\n def __init__(self, title, platform):\n # Replace an empty title with \"Untitled\".\n self.title = title\n self.platform = platform\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Game: {self.title} on {self.platform}\""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.game import Game\n\n\ndef build_empty_title_label():\n game = Game(\"\", \"Switch\")\n return game.label()\n\n\nprint(build_empty_title_label())"},"models_game_py":{"content":"class Game:\n def __init__(self, title, platform):\n self.title = title if title else \"Untitled\"\n self.platform = platform\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Game: {self.title} on {self.platform}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.game import Game\n\n\ndef build_empty_title_label():\n game = Game(\"\", \"Switch\")\n return game.label()\n\n\nprint(build_empty_title_label())","checks":{"0":{"message":"build_empty_title_label() should prove the empty title is sanitized before labeling."},"1":{"message":"Print the sanitized label for the game."}}}},"practice":{"policy_single_choice_1":{"title":"Choose a useful subclass regression test","prompt":"Which assertion best checks the specialized public contract of `Book.label()`?","hint":"Test the result callers depend on.","help":{"concept":"A regression test should assert observable subclass behavior, not reimplement or inspect the method body.","hint_1":"Call the public method.","hint_2":"Compare its return value with the promised result."},"options":{"a":"`assert Book.__name__ == \"Book\"`","b":"`assert Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\").label() == \"Book: Dune by Frank Herbert\"`","c":"`assert True`","d":"`assert \"label\" in open(\"models/book.py\").read()`"}},"policy_multi_choice_1":{"title":"Choose strong polymorphic-service fixtures","prompt":"Which TWO tests add meaningful coverage for a service that calls `label()` on a mixed collection?","hint":"Choose tests that exercise actual mixed objects and observable results.","help":{"concept":"Useful polymorphic tests vary the concrete objects or relevant edge cases while checking the shared service result.","hint_1":"A normal mixed Book/Game list is useful.","hint_2":"An edge-case object inside a mixed list adds different coverage."},"options":{"a":"Assert the labels from a mixed Book/Game list in order.","b":"Assert only that the service function's name is `build_labels`.","c":"Assert a mixed list containing a Game with an empty title uses its documented fallback.","d":"Assert `True` after importing the service."}},"policy_drag_reorder_1":{"title":"Order the inheritance test steps","prompt":"Put these steps in a sensible order for testing subclass behavior.","hint":"Start by creating the object, then call the method, then compare the result.","help":{"concept":"A clean inheritance test creates a concrete subclass object, calls the shared method, and then checks the returned value.","hint_1":"The object must exist before you can call the method.","hint_2":"You compare the returned label after the method call."},"tokens":{"t1":"Create a `Book` object","t2":"Call `book.label()`","t3":"Compare the returned string with the expected label"}},"policy_fill_blank_choice_1":{"title":"Name the shared behavior under test","prompt":"Complete the shared method name that both Book and Game objects provide to the report service.","hint":"It is the method the service calls on every object.","help":{"concept":"The shared public method is the contract the mixed-object service depends on.","hint_1":"Book and Game both expose the same method name.","hint_2":"The report service collects each object's label."},"template":"item.[blank1]()","choices":["label","book_label","game_label","__class__"]},"policy_code_input_3":{"title":"Print whether a number is negative","prompt":"Read one integer. Print `True` when the number is less than 0 and `False` otherwise.","hint":"Compare the value with zero.","help":{"concept":"A less-than comparison can detect negative numbers.","hint_1":"Use < 0 inside an if statement.","hint_2":"Print False for zero or positive values."},"starterCode":"n = int(input())\n# Your code here","solutionCode":"n = int(input())\nif n < 0:\n print(True)\nelse:\n print(False)"},"practice-test-inherited-method":{"title":"Make an inherited method pass its test","prompt":"The test expects a `Book` object to inherit `label()` from `Item`. Complete the base `label()` method so the assertion passes, then keep the final `tests passed` output.","hint":"The shared method should return `Item: ` using the stored title.","help":{"concept":"A focused test can verify that a subclass correctly receives shared behavior from its base class.","hint_1":"The shared method should return `Item: <title>` using the stored title.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n pass\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n pass\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Item:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Book(Item):\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.label() == \"Item: Dune\"\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}}},"practice-test-polymorphic-sounds":{"title":"Make a polymorphic collection test pass","prompt":"Complete `collect_sounds(animals)` so it calls `speak()` on every object and returns the resulting list. The provided `Cat` and `Dog` classes override `speak()`. Keep the assertion and final `tests passed` output.","hint":"Loop through the mixed objects and append `animal.speak()` for each one.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphism test checks common behavior through the shared method name instead of branching on each concrete class type.","hint_1":"Loop through the mixed objects and append `animal.speak()` for each one.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n # append each object's speak() result\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n # append each object's speak() result\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n for animal in animals:\n sounds.append(animal.speak())\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Animal:\n def speak(self):\n return \"?\"\n\nclass Cat(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"meow\"\n\nclass Dog(Animal):\n def speak(self):\n return \"woof\"\n\ndef collect_sounds(animals):\n sounds = []\n for animal in animals:\n sounds.append(animal.speak())\n return sounds\n\nanimals = [Cat(), Dog(), Cat()]\nassert collect_sounds(animals) == [\"meow\", \"woof\", \"meow\"]\nprint(\"tests passed\")\n"}}}}},"testing-object-state":{"label":"Testing Object State","summary":"Write executable `assert` tests that prove starting state, rejected state changes, and repeated transitions on real objects.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Assert state before and after a method call"},"sketch1":{"title":"Test both valid and rejected state"},"sketch2":{"title":"Test a sequence on the same object"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_testing_object_state_sketch0":{"title":"Write a before-and-after Book state test","prompt":"`models/book.py` is already complete. In `tests/check_book.py`, use the existing `book` object to write an assertion that it starts available, call `book.checkout()`, then write an assertion that the same object's `available` state is false. Leave the model file unchanged. The test script must still finish by printing `book state tests passed`.","hint":"Use `assert` for both observable states; the method call belongs between those two claims.","help":{"concept":"A state-change test proves the object's state before and after the mutating method.","hint_1":"Check `book.available` before `checkout()`.","hint_2":"Check the same attribute again after `checkout()`."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\n# Assert that the new book starts available.\n# Call checkout() on this same book.\n# Assert that the same book is now unavailable.\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n"},"tests_check_book_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\n# Assert that the new book starts available.\n# Call checkout() on this same book.\n# Assert that the same book is now unavailable.\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Book class defined in models/book.py."},"1":{"message":"Book should still be constructible with a title."},"2":{"message":"A Book instance should have title and available attributes."},"3":{"message":"A new book should start available, then become unavailable after checkout()."}},"solutionFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n"},"tests_check_book_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\n\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\n\nprint(\"book state tests passed\")\n"}},"expectedOutput":"book state tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the same Book object for a starting-state assertion, `checkout()`, and an updated-state assertion."}}},"try_testing_object_state_sketch1":{"title":"Test both sides of a validation rule","prompt":"`models/task.py` is already complete. In `tests/check_task.py`, write one assertion proving the existing `normal_task` keeps priority `2`, and another proving the existing `invalid_task` normalizes priority `-5` to `0`. Leave the model unchanged. Keep the final `task validation tests passed` print.","hint":"A validation test set needs one accepted input and one rejected or corrected input.","help":{"concept":"Testing both branches distinguishes the validation rule from a constructor that simply stores every input unchanged.","hint_1":"The normal task should keep priority 2.","hint_2":"The invalid task should expose priority 0."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\n# Assert that the valid priority stays 2.\n# Assert that the negative priority becomes 0.\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, name, priority):\n self.name = name\n self.priority = priority if priority >= 0 else 0\n"},"tests_check_task_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\n# Assert that the valid priority stays 2.\n# Assert that the negative priority becomes 0.\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\nassert normal_task.priority == 2\nassert invalid_task.priority == 0\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Task class defined in models/task.py."},"1":{"message":"A Task instance should store name and priority."},"2":{"message":"A normal priority should be stored unchanged."},"3":{"message":"A negative priority should be corrected to 0."}},"solutionFiles":{"models_task_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, name, priority):\n self.name = name\n self.priority = priority if priority >= 0 else 0\n"},"tests_check_task_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.task import Task\n\nnormal_task = Task(\"Email\", 2)\ninvalid_task = Task(\"Broken\", -5)\n\nassert normal_task.priority == 2\nassert invalid_task.priority == 0\n\nprint(\"task validation tests passed\")\n"}},"expectedOutput":"task validation tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Assert that a Task created with priority 2 still has priority 2."},"1":{"message":"Assert that a Task created with priority -5 exposes priority 0."}}},"try_testing_object_state_sketch2":{"title":"Write a repeated state-transition test","prompt":"`models/counter.py` is already complete. In `tests/check_counter.py`, use the existing `counter` object to assert its count is `0`, call `increment()` and assert `1`, then call `increment()` again and assert `2`. Use the same object for the whole sequence. Leave the model unchanged and keep the final `counter sequence tests passed` print.","hint":"The important part is the sequence: 0 → increment → 1 → increment → 2 on one instance.","help":{"concept":"A repeated-transition test catches bugs that only appear after the same object changes state more than once.","hint_1":"Start with an assertion before any method call.","hint_2":"Assert again after each increment on the same counter."},"starterCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\n# Assert count starts at 0.\n# Increment the same counter and assert count is 1.\n# Increment the same counter again and assert count is 2.\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n","starterFiles":{"models_counter_py":{"content":"class Counter:\n def __init__(self):\n self.count = 0\n\n def increment(self):\n self.count += 1\n"},"tests_check_counter_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\n# Assert count starts at 0.\n# Increment the same counter and assert count is 1.\n# Increment the same counter again and assert count is 2.\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\nassert counter.count == 0\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 1\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 2\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Counter class defined in models/counter.py."},"1":{"message":"A Counter instance should have a count attribute."},"2":{"message":"The count should move from 0 to 1 to 2 across two increment() calls."}},"solutionFiles":{"models_counter_py":{"content":"class Counter:\n def __init__(self):\n self.count = 0\n\n def increment(self):\n self.count += 1\n"},"tests_check_counter_py":{"content":"import sys\nsys.path.insert(0, \".\")\n\nfrom models.counter import Counter\n\ncounter = Counter()\n\nassert counter.count == 0\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 1\ncounter.increment()\nassert counter.count == 2\n\nprint(\"counter sequence tests passed\")\n"}},"expectedOutput":"counter sequence tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the same Counter object to assert the full 0 → 1 → 2 state sequence."}}}},"practice":{"q-testing-object-state-single-1":{"title":"What should an object-state test check after a mutating method runs?","prompt":"A `checkout()` method is supposed to change a book from available to unavailable. Which test idea best proves that state change happened?","hint":"Look for the choice that checks the attribute after the method call, not just that the method exists.","help":{"concept":"A state-change test should verify the actual attribute value after a mutating method runs, because the goal is to prove behavior, not just structure.","hint_1":"A method can exist and still fail to update the object's data correctly.","hint_2":"Choose the option that inspects the `available` attribute after calling `checkout()`."},"options":{"a":"Create a Book object and check that `available` becomes `False` after calling `checkout()`","b":"Only check that the `Book` class has a `checkout` method name","c":"Print the object once and assume the method worked","d":"Check only the book title because constructors are more important than methods"}},"q-testing-object-state-multi-1":{"title":"Choose the strongest constructor validation checks","prompt":"A `Task` constructor should keep positive priorities unchanged and replace negative priorities with `0`. Which assertions belong in a good test set? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Include one check for valid input and one for invalid input.","help":{"concept":"Good validation coverage includes both the normal path and the edge-case path so the constructor rule is tested from more than one angle.","hint_1":"One correct option should confirm that a positive priority stays the same.","hint_2":"Another correct option should confirm that a negative priority does not remain negative after construction."},"options":{"a":"`Task(\"Email\", 2).priority == 2`","b":"`Task(\"Broken\", -5).priority == 0`","c":"`Task(\"Email\", 2).name == 2`","d":"`Task(\"Broken\", -5).priority == -5`"}},"q-testing-object-state-fill-1":{"title":"Complete an assert for starting state","prompt":"Fill in the missing value so the assertion checks that a new counter starts at zero.","hint":"A new `Counter` object should begin with no increments applied.","help":{"concept":"Starting-state assertions verify what the constructor sets before any methods change the object.","hint_1":"The `count` attribute should match the constructor's initial value.","hint_2":"Choose the numeric value that represents an untouched counter."},"template":"assert counter.count == [blank1]","choices":["0","1","False","None"]},"q-testing-object-state-drag-1":{"title":"Order a before-and-after state test","prompt":"Put these testing steps in the best order for checking a method that changes object state.","hint":"Read each piece and arrange them in the order the statement should be understood.","help":{"concept":"The pieces should form a valid statement in a logical order.","hint_1":"Start with the piece that introduces the idea or action.","hint_2":"Place dependent pieces after the part they describe or complete."},"tokens":{"t1":"Assert the starting attribute value","t2":"Create the object","t3":"Call the state-changing method","t4":"Assert the updated attribute value"}},"q-testing-object-state-multi-2":{"title":"Spot useful object-state edge cases","prompt":"You are testing a `Counter` object with an `increment()` method. Which checks help prove repeated state changes work correctly? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Think about what happens before any increments and after more than one increment.","help":{"concept":"Repeated state-change tests are stronger when they verify the initial state and multiple successive updates on the same object.","hint_1":"One correct option should check the starting count before any method calls.","hint_2":"Another correct option should check the count after the method has been called more than once on the same instance."},"options":{"a":"Assert that a new counter starts at `0`","b":"Assert that the same counter reaches `2` after two `increment()` calls","c":"Only check that `increment` is spelled correctly","d":"Create two separate counters and ignore their `count` values"}},"q-testing-object-state-fill-2":{"title":"Complete an assert after a checkout","prompt":"Fill in the missing value so the assertion checks the book's state after `checkout()` has already run.","hint":"After checkout, the book should no longer be available.","help":{"concept":"After-method assertions should match the new stored state, not the original constructor value.","hint_1":"The `available` attribute should switch away from its starting value.","hint_2":"Choose the boolean value that represents an unavailable book."},"template":"assert book.available is [blank1]","choices":["True","False","0","Lesson notes panel"]},"ci-testing-object-state-debug-book-return":{"title":"Fix a broken return method after state changes","prompt":"A checkout service uses `Book.checkout()` and `Book.return_book()`. Right now, returning a book does not restore availability. Fix `models/book.py` so the object's state changes correctly. Do not change the test file. When you click Run, the output panel should show that the tests passed.","hint":"Read the task \"Fix a broken return method after state changes\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Fix a broken return method after state changes\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = False","starterFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = False"},"tests_check_book_return_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\nbook.return_book()\nassert book.available is True\n\nprint(\"book return tests passed\")"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = True"},"tests_check_book_return_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Dune\")\nassert book.available is True\nbook.checkout()\nassert book.available is False\nbook.return_book()\nassert book.available is True\n\nprint(\"book return tests passed\")"}},"solutionCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.available = True\n\n def checkout(self):\n self.available = False\n\n def return_book(self):\n self.available = True","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Book class defined."},"1":{"message":"Book instances should still store title and available."},"2":{"message":"A new Book should start available."},"3":{"message":"checkout() should mark the book unavailable."},"4":{"message":"return_book() should make a checked-out book available again."}}},"ci-testing-object-state-fix-wallet-validation":{"title":"Fix wallet validation so balance never starts negative","prompt":"A budgeting app has a `Wallet` class in `models/wallet.py`. The constructor should store the given balance when it is zero or more, but negative starting balances should become `0`. The current code stores negative values by mistake. Fix the class so the provided tests in `tests/check_wallet.py` pass when you click Run.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = starting_balance","starterFiles":{"models_wallet_py":{"content":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = starting_balance"},"tests_check_wallet_py":{"content":"from models.wallet import Wallet\n\nwallet_a = Wallet(\"Ava\", 25)\nassert wallet_a.balance == 25\n\nwallet_b = Wallet(\"Ben\", -10)\nassert wallet_b.balance == 0\n\nprint(\"wallet validation tests passed\")"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_wallet_py":{"content":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = max(0, starting_balance)"},"tests_check_wallet_py":{"content":"from models.wallet import Wallet\n\nwallet_a = Wallet(\"Ava\", 25)\nassert wallet_a.balance == 25\n\nwallet_b = Wallet(\"Ben\", -10)\nassert wallet_b.balance == 0\n\nprint(\"wallet validation tests passed\")"}},"solutionCode":"class Wallet:\n def __init__(self, owner, starting_balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = max(0, starting_balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Wallet class defined."},"1":{"message":"Wallet instances should store owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"A valid starting balance should stay unchanged."},"3":{"message":"A negative starting balance should be corrected to 0."}}},"ci-testing-object-state-fix-scoreboard-add-points":{"title":"Fix a method that updates score incorrectly","prompt":"A game app has a `Scoreboard` class in `models/scoreboard.py`. The `add_points()` method should increase the current score by the amount passed in. Right now it resets the score instead. Fix the class so the tests in `tests/check_scoreboard.py` pass.","hint":"Read the task \"Fix a method that updates score incorrectly\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Fix a method that updates score incorrectly\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score = points","starterFiles":{"models_scoreboard_py":{"content":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score = points"},"tests_check_scoreboard_py":{"content":"from models.scoreboard import Scoreboard\n\nboard = Scoreboard()\nassert board.score == 0\nboard.add_points(5)\nassert board.score == 5\nboard.add_points(3)\nassert board.score == 8\n\nprint(\"scoreboard state tests passed\")"}},"solutionFiles":{"models_scoreboard_py":{"content":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score += points"},"tests_check_scoreboard_py":{"content":"from models.scoreboard import Scoreboard\n\nboard = Scoreboard()\nassert board.score == 0\nboard.add_points(5)\nassert board.score == 5\nboard.add_points(3)\nassert board.score == 8\n\nprint(\"scoreboard state tests passed\")"}},"solutionCode":"class Scoreboard:\n def __init__(self):\n self.score = 0\n\n def add_points(self, points):\n self.score += points","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Scoreboard class defined."},"1":{"message":"Scoreboard instances should have a score attribute."},"2":{"message":"A new Scoreboard should start at 0."},"3":{"message":"After add_points(5), the score should be 5."},"4":{"message":"Points should accumulate, so 5 then 3 should produce 8."}}}}}},"python-11-oop-capstone-project":{"capstone-domain-model":{"label":"Capstone Domain Model","summary":"Build the task objects that carry the tracker domain before adding storage or reports.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_domain_model_sketch0":{"title":"Create the shared BaseTask model","prompt":"In `models/base_task.py`, implement `BaseTask` with `title`, validated `priority`, and `completed` state. New tasks start incomplete. `mark_done()` sets completed to True, `is_open()` returns the opposite, and `summary()` raises NotImplementedError. The supplied main.py marks one task done and prints its state.","hint":"Validate before storing the fields, then mutate only `self.completed` in mark_done().","help":{"concept":"The base class owns shared state and behavior while leaving the concrete summary format to subclasses.","hint_1":"Validate before storing the fields, then mutate only `self.completed` in mark_done().","hint_2":"Inspect the requested file and account for each requirement before running the workspace."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided BaseTask state demo.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided BaseTask state demo.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n # TODO: validate and store title, priority, and completed.\n pass\n\n def mark_done(self):\n # TODO: set completed to True and return it.\n pass\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\ntask = BaseTask(\"Draft roadmap\", \"high\")\ntask.mark_done()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.priority)\nprint(task.completed)\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Store the shared task attributes."},"1":{"message":"A marked-done task should no longer be open."},"2":{"message":"Print the title, priority, and final completed state."}},"expectedOutput":"Draft roadmap\nhigh\nTrue"}}}},"capstone-scope-and-architecture":{"label":"Capstone Scope and Architecture","summary":"Plan the Smart Task Tracker workspace so models, services, data, and main.py each have a clear job.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_scope_and_architecture_sketch0":{"title":"Plan one clean capstone workspace","prompt":"Complete `reports/summary.py` so build_summary(tasks) returns one summary line per task. Keep the task hierarchy in models and the runner in main.py; do not copy model classes into main.py.","hint":"Join task.summary() results with newline characters.","help":{"concept":"A clean architecture gives models, reports, storage, services, and the runner separate responsibilities.","hint_1":"Join task.summary() results with newline characters.","hint_2":"Review the file path, class or function name, and output requirements together."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided architecture snapshot.\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided architecture snapshot.\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Plan one clean capstone workspace. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Plan one clean capstone workspace. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Plan one clean capstone workspace. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Keep this package marker so imports work.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(tasks):\n # TODO: return one summary line per task.\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(tasks):\n return \"\\n\".join(task.summary() for task in tasks)\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\n\ntasks = [BugTask(\"Fix login redirect\", \"high\", \"critical\"), FeatureTask(\"Add dark mode\", \"medium\", 3)]\nprint(build_summary(tasks))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both task summaries from the report module."}},"expectedOutput":"BUG: Fix login redirect | priority=high | severity=critical | done=False\nFEATURE: Add dark mode | priority=medium | points=3 | done=False"}}}},"capstone-storage-and-reports":{"label":"Capstone Storage and Reports","summary":"Load task data into objects and turn those objects into useful report output.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_storage_and_reports_sketch0":{"title":"Load task objects from CSV","prompt":"Complete storage/task_storage.py so load_tasks(path) reads data/tasks.csv and returns the correct task subclasses in file order. The supplied runner prints the count and first title.","hint":"Use DictReader, convert completed to bool, and convert feature detail to int.","help":{"concept":"Storage code translates serialized rows into validated domain objects.","hint_1":"Use DictReader, convert completed to bool, and convert feature detail to int.","hint_2":"Use the requested file boundary as part of the solution contract."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided storage smoke test.\nfrom storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided storage smoke test.\nfrom storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Load task objects from CSV. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Load task objects from CSV. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Load task objects from CSV. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Keep this package marker so imports work.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n # TODO: parse each CSV row into the matching task subclass.\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n tasks = []\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n completed = row[\"completed\"].lower() == \"true\"\n if row[\"kind\"] == \"bug\":\n task = BugTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], row[\"detail\"], completed)\n elif row[\"kind\"] == \"feature\":\n task = FeatureTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], int(row[\"detail\"]), completed)\n else:\n raise ValueError(f\"unknown task kind: {row['kind']}\")\n tasks.append(task)\n return tasks\n"}},"solutionCode":"from storage.task_storage import load_tasks\n\ntasks = load_tasks(\"data/tasks.csv\")\nprint(len(tasks))\nprint(tasks[0].title)\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Load three tasks and preserve the first title."}},"expectedOutput":"3\nFix login redirect"}}}},"capstone-tests-and-polish":{"label":"Capstone Tests and Polish","summary":"Add assertions, final output polish, and README handoff notes so the capstone feels complete.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Planning brief"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_capstone_tests_and_polish_sketch0":{"title":"Add focused model checks","prompt":"Complete main.py with assertions that a new BugTask is open and a FeatureTask estimate of 0 becomes 1. Print `model checks passed` after both assertions.","hint":"Create both objects, assert their state, then print confirmation.","help":{"concept":"Focused tests prove validation and starting state before testing larger workflows.","hint_1":"Create both objects, assert their state, then print confirmation.","hint_2":"Use the requested file boundary as part of the solution contract."},"starterCode":"# TODO: create the two tasks, add the required assertions, then print confirmation.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# TODO: create the two tasks, add the required assertions, then print confirmation.\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Keep this package marker so imports work.\nfrom models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\ndef build_summary(tasks):\n lines = [\"SMART TASK TRACKER\"]\n lines.extend(task.summary() for task in tasks)\n open_count = sum(task.is_open() for task in tasks)\n lines.append(f\"OPEN: {open_count} | DONE: {len(tasks) - open_count}\")\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nimport csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n tasks = []\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n completed = row[\"completed\"].lower() == \"true\"\n if row[\"kind\"] == \"bug\":\n task = BugTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], row[\"detail\"], completed)\n elif row[\"kind\"] == \"feature\":\n task = FeatureTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], int(row[\"detail\"]), completed)\n else:\n raise ValueError(f\"unknown task kind: {row['kind']}\")\n tasks.append(task)\n return tasks\n"},"services_tracker_service_py":{"content":"# Starter guidance: Add focused model checks. Follow the prompt and edit the requested code below.\nclass TrackerService:\n def __init__(self, tasks=None):\n self.tasks = list(tasks or [])\n\n def add_task(self, task):\n self.tasks.append(task)\n return task\n\n def mark_done(self, title):\n for task in self.tasks:\n if task.title == title:\n task.mark_done()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_tasks(self):\n return sum(task.is_open() for task in self.tasks)\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\nbug = BugTask(\"Fix login\", \"high\", \"critical\")\nfeature = FeatureTask(\"Polish UI\", \"low\", 0)\nassert bug.is_open() is True\nassert feature.estimate_points == 1\nprint(\"model checks passed\")\n"},"models_base_task_py":{"content":"class BaseTask:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, title, priority=\"medium\", completed=False):\n if not title.strip():\n raise ValueError(\"title is required\")\n if priority not in self.VALID_PRIORITIES:\n raise ValueError(\"priority must be low, medium, or high\")\n self.title = title\n self.priority = priority\n self.completed = bool(completed)\n\n def mark_done(self):\n self.completed = True\n return self.completed\n\n def is_open(self):\n return not self.completed\n\n def summary(self):\n raise NotImplementedError(\"Subclasses must implement summary()\")\n"},"models_bug_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass BugTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, severity, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.severity = severity\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"BUG: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | severity={self.severity} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models_feature_task_py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\n\nclass FeatureTask(BaseTask):\n def __init__(self, title, priority, estimate_points, completed=False):\n super().__init__(title, priority, completed)\n self.estimate_points = max(1, int(estimate_points))\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"FEATURE: {self.title} | priority={self.priority} | points={self.estimate_points} | done={self.completed}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.base_task import BaseTask\nfrom models.bug_task import BugTask\nfrom models.feature_task import FeatureTask\n\n__all__ = [\"BaseTask\", \"BugTask\", \"FeatureTask\"]\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(tasks):\n lines = [\"SMART TASK TRACKER\"]\n lines.extend(task.summary() for task in tasks)\n open_count = sum(task.is_open() for task in tasks)\n lines.append(f\"OPEN: {open_count} | DONE: {len(tasks) - open_count}\")\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"storage_task_storage_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\ndef load_tasks(path):\n tasks = []\n with open(path, newline=\"\") as file:\n for row in csv.DictReader(file):\n completed = row[\"completed\"].lower() == \"true\"\n if row[\"kind\"] == \"bug\":\n task = BugTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], row[\"detail\"], completed)\n elif row[\"kind\"] == \"feature\":\n task = FeatureTask(row[\"title\"], row[\"priority\"], int(row[\"detail\"]), completed)\n else:\n raise ValueError(f\"unknown task kind: {row['kind']}\")\n tasks.append(task)\n return tasks\n"},"services_tracker_service_py":{"content":"class TrackerService:\n def __init__(self, tasks=None):\n self.tasks = list(tasks or [])\n\n def add_task(self, task):\n self.tasks.append(task)\n return task\n\n def mark_done(self, title):\n for task in self.tasks:\n if task.title == title:\n task.mark_done()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_tasks(self):\n return sum(task.is_open() for task in self.tasks)\n"},"data_tasks_csv":{"content":"kind,title,priority,detail,completed\nbug,Fix login redirect,high,critical,false\nfeature,Add dark mode,medium,3,false\nfeature,Export CSV,low,5,true\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models import BugTask, FeatureTask\n\nbug = BugTask(\"Fix login\", \"high\", \"critical\")\nfeature = FeatureTask(\"Polish UI\", \"low\", 0)\nassert bug.is_open() is True\nassert feature.estimate_points == 1\nprint(\"model checks passed\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Run both model assertions before confirmation."}},"expectedOutput":"model checks passed"}}}},"module-11-final-oop-capstone":{"label":"Neighborhood Pantry Request Coordinator","summary":"Build a pantry request coordinator that turns saved food and hygiene requests into validated objects, managed state, and a clear daily report.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Neighborhood Pantry Request Coordinator"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_11_final_oop_capstone_sketch0":{"title":"Milestone 1: Build the abstract request foundation"},"project_pantry_request_step_2_models":{"title":"Milestone 2: Add HygieneRequest and prove polymorphism"},"project_pantry_request_step_3_service":{"title":"Milestone 3: Give PantryService ownership of the queue"},"project_pantry_request_step_4_storage":{"title":"Milestone 4: Load request objects from CSV"},"project_pantry_request_step_5_reports_tests":{"title":"Milestone 5: Add the report and regression tests"},"project_pantry_request_step_6_final_handoff":{"title":"Milestone 6: Deliver the final pantry coordinator"}},"finalCapstone":{"steps":{"try_module_11_final_oop_capstone_sketch0":{"title":"Milestone 1: Build the abstract request foundation","prompt":"Build the shared pantry-request foundation. In `models/pantry_request.py`, make `PantryRequest` inherit from `ABC`; keep the allowed priorities `low`, `medium`, and `high`; validate `household` and `priority` through properties; store fulfillment state privately; expose a read-only `fulfilled` property; implement `mark_fulfilled()` and `is_open()`; and make `category(self)` and `details(self)` abstract methods. `summary()` must remain concrete and build its text from those public members. In `models/food_request.py`, keep `FoodRequest(PantryRequest)`, call `super().__init__`, validate a nonblank `food_type`, return `FOOD` from `category()`, and return `food=<value>` from `details()`. Finally, complete `main.py` so it creates a FoodRequest from the provided inputs and prints its summary. Do not implement HygieneRequest yet.","hint":"Retrieve the validated-property pattern from Module 8 and the ABC/inheritance patterns from Module 9.","help":{"concept":"The abstract parent owns shared validation/state while a concrete child supplies request-specific behavior.","hint_1":"Use `ABC` plus `@abstractmethod` on `category()` and `details()`.","hint_2":"Use `super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)` in FoodRequest."},"starterCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\n# Create the FoodRequest and print its summary.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\n# Create the FoodRequest and print its summary.\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass PantryRequest:\n VALID_PRIORITIES = {\"low\", \"medium\", \"high\"}\n\n def __init__(self, household, priority=\"medium\", fulfilled=False):\n # TODO: route household and priority through validated properties.\n # TODO: store fulfillment state privately.\n pass\n\n # TODO: add validated household and priority properties.\n\n @property\n def fulfilled(self):\n # TODO: expose the private fulfillment state.\n pass\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self):\n # TODO: update state and return the new fulfilled value.\n pass\n\n def is_open(self):\n # TODO: return whether the request is still open.\n pass\n\n # TODO: make category() and details() abstract methods.\n\n def summary(self):\n # TODO: combine the shared state with category() and details().\n pass\n"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n # TODO: reuse PantryRequest setup and validate food_type.\n pass\n\n # TODO: implement category() and details().\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"# HygieneRequest is added in the next milestone.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# TODO: export PantryRequest and FoodRequest.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8b"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"# HygieneRequest is added in the next milestone.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\"]\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Create the `PantryRequest` class in `models/pantry_request.py`."},"1":{"message":"`FoodRequest.summary()` must return the Rivera family line shown in the expected example."},"2":{"message":"`main.py` must print the completed food-request summary."},"3":{"message":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc` in `models/pantry_request.py`."},"4":{"message":"Declare the base class as `class PantryRequest(ABC):`."},"5":{"message":"Mark the subclass contract with `@abstractmethod` in `models/pantry_request.py`."},"6":{"message":"Use properties to protect the request state and validation rules."},"7":{"message":"Declare `FoodRequest` as a subclass of `PantryRequest` in `models/food_request.py`."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"FOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=False","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `PantryRequest` inherit from `ABC`."},"1":{"message":"Use a `household` property and setter for validated state."},"2":{"message":"Use a `priority` property and setter for validated state."},"3":{"message":"Make both `category(self)` and `details(self)` abstract methods."},"4":{"message":"Keep FoodRequest inheriting from PantryRequest and reuse the parent constructor with `super()`."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_2_models":{"title":"Milestone 2: Add HygieneRequest and prove polymorphism","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 1 workspace. Implement `HygieneRequest(PantryRequest)` in `models/hygiene_request.py`. Reuse the parent constructor with `super()`, convert `units` to an integer, reject values below 1, return `HYGIENE` from `category()`, and return `units=<value>` from `details()`. Then update `main.py` to build one FoodRequest and one HygieneRequest from the provided inputs, place them in one `requests` list, and use one `for` loop that calls the current object's shared `summary()` method. Do not branch with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate food/hygiene print logic. Keep the completed PantryRequest and FoodRequest unchanged.","hint":"The new subclass specializes the same abstract methods; the caller should trust the shared `summary()` interface.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves inheritance, overriding, and branch-free polymorphism in one mixed collection.","hint_1":"Use `super().__init__` in HygieneRequest.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, call only `request.summary()`."},"starterCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\n\nhousehold = input()\npriority = input()\nfood_type = input()\n\nrequest = FoodRequest(household, priority, food_type)\nprint(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8c"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 2.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# TODO: export PantryRequest, FoodRequest, and HygieneRequest.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8d"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Preserve the correct `FoodRequest.summary()` behavior from the previous milestone."},"1":{"message":"`HygieneRequest.summary()` must return the Chen family line shown in the expected example."},"2":{"message":"`main.py` must print both request summaries."},"3":{"message":"Declare `HygieneRequest` as a subclass of `PantryRequest`."},"4":{"message":"Use a `for` loop in `main.py` to process the mixed request list."},"5":{"message":"Call `request.summary()` inside the loop instead of branching by request type."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"FOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=False\nHYGIENE: Chen family | priority=medium | units=3 | fulfilled=False","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep HygieneRequest inheriting from PantryRequest and reuse the shared constructor with `super()`."},"1":{"message":"Implement the required `category()` and `details()` methods."},"2":{"message":"Use one branch-free loop over `requests` and call the shared `summary()` method."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_3_service":{"title":"Milestone 3: Give PantryService ownership of the queue","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 2 workspace. Implement `PantryService` in `services/pantry_service.py`. Store the mutable collection privately in `self._requests`; accept an optional starting collection and add each item through `add_request()`; expose a read-only `requests` property that returns a tuple; reject non-PantryRequest values in `add_request()`; implement `mark_fulfilled(household)` by calling the matching request's `mark_fulfilled()` method; count open requests through `request.is_open()`; and build summary lines through `request.summary()`. Update `main.py` to create the two request objects, create the service, fulfill the household supplied by input, print the service's summary lines, and print the open count. `main.py` must not reach into `_requests` or duplicate model state logic.","hint":"The service owns collection coordination; each request object still owns its own state and summary behavior.","help":{"concept":"Encapsulation protects the mutable collection while service methods delegate behavior to the model objects.","hint_1":"Return `tuple(self._requests)` from the property.","hint_2":"Call `request.mark_fulfilled()`, `request.is_open()`, and `request.summary()` rather than changing model fields."},"starterCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\n\nrequests = [\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n]\n\nfor request in requests:\n print(request.summary())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8e"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 3.\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$8f"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Create the `PantryService` class in `services/pantry_service.py`."},"1":{"message":"A new empty `PantryService` must report `0` open requests."},"2":{"message":"`main.py` must print the two summaries and the open-request count."},"3":{"message":"Store the mutable collection in `self._requests` inside `PantryService`."},"4":{"message":"Expose the collection through a read-only property instead of returning the internal list directly."},"5":{"message":"Delegate fulfillment to `request.mark_fulfilled()` instead of changing model state from the service."},"6":{"message":"Build service summary lines by calling `request.summary()` polymorphically."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"FOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Chen family | priority=medium | units=3 | fulfilled=False\nOPEN: 1","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the mutable list private and expose a tuple through a read-only property."},"1":{"message":"`add_request()` should accept only PantryRequest objects and append the validated object."},"2":{"message":"Delegate state, open-count, and summary behavior to request objects instead of duplicating it in the service."},"3":{"message":"Keep main.py outside the service's private `_requests` state."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_4_storage":{"title":"Milestone 4: Load request objects from CSV","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 3 workspace. Implement `storage/request_storage.py`. `parse_fulfilled(value)` must treat `true`, `1`, and `yes` as fulfilled regardless of surrounding spaces or letter case. `load_requests(path)` must use `csv.DictReader`, construct FoodRequest or HygieneRequest from the `type` column, convert hygiene units to an integer, preserve priority and fulfilled state through the real constructors, and raise `ValueError` for an unknown type. The supplied `tests/check_storage.py` is the executable boundary test for this milestone; do not rewrite the models or service to compensate for storage bugs.","hint":"Storage may choose which concrete class to construct; once the object exists, the rest of the application uses the shared OOP interface.","help":{"concept":"A storage adapter translates serialized rows into validated domain objects without duplicating model/report rules.","hint_1":"Use `csv.DictReader` and normalize the `type`/fulfilled text.","hint_2":"Raise ValueError when the type is neither food nor hygiene."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$90"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$91"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$92"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$93"}},"solutionCode":"$94","checks":{"0":{"message":"`parse_fulfilled(\"yes\")` must return `True`."},"1":{"message":"`main.py` must print the three requests loaded from the CSV file."},"2":{"message":"Import `FoodRequest` into `storage/request_storage.py` so food rows become food objects."},"3":{"message":"Import `HygieneRequest` into `storage/request_storage.py` so hygiene rows become hygiene objects."},"4":{"message":"Read the CSV with `csv.DictReader`."},"5":{"message":"Print loaded objects through `request.summary()` in `main.py`."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"storage tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use Python's `csv` module for the storage adapter."},"1":{"message":"Normalize surrounding spaces/case and recognize true, 1, and yes."},"2":{"message":"Read request rows with `csv.DictReader`."},"3":{"message":"Construct the two concrete request types and reject an unknown type."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_5_reports_tests":{"title":"Milestone 5: Add the report and regression tests","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 4 workspace. Implement `build_summary(requests)` in `reports/summary.py`: start with `NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS`, append one `request.summary()` line per object, calculate open requests through `request.is_open()`, derive the fulfilled count, and return one newline-separated string. Do not branch on FoodRequest versus HygieneRequest in the report. Then complete `tests/check_requests.py`. Without using `inspect`, prove that PantryRequest cannot be instantiated while abstract; prove blank household and zero-unit validation; test a mixed PantryService; test fulfillment delegation and open count; and assert the full report for that mixed fixture. Keep the provided `run_checks()` function and final script print. Finally, update `main.py` to load the saved CSV requests and print `build_summary(requests)`.","hint":"Prove abstraction by attempting to instantiate the abstract base and catching TypeError; the report itself should use only the shared request interface.","help":{"concept":"Regression tests protect the architecture, while the report remains polymorphic and independent of concrete request types.","hint_1":"Use request.summary() and request.is_open() in the report.","hint_2":"Your tests should exercise validation, mixed objects, service state changes, and the returned report string."},"starterCode":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\n\nfood_household = input()\nfood_priority = input()\nfood_type = input()\nhygiene_household = input()\nhygiene_priority = input()\nunits = int(input())\nhousehold_to_fulfill = input()\n\nservice = PantryService([\n FoodRequest(food_household, food_priority, food_type),\n HygieneRequest(hygiene_household, hygiene_priority, units),\n])\n\nservice.mark_fulfilled(household_to_fulfill)\n\nfor line in service.summary_lines():\n print(line)\n\nprint(\"OPEN:\", service.count_open_requests())\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$95"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$96"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 5.\n"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$97"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nrequests = load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\")\nprint(build_summary(requests))\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$98"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$99"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(requests):\n request_list = list(requests)\n lines = [\"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\"]\n\n for request in request_list:\n lines.append(request.summary())\n\n open_count = sum(\n request.is_open()\n for request in request_list\n )\n fulfilled_count = len(request_list) - open_count\n\n lines.append(\n f\"OPEN: {open_count} | FULFILLED: {fulfilled_count}\"\n )\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"$9a"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$9b"}},"solutionCode":"$9c","checks":{"0":{"message":"`main.py` must print the complete report with its heading, request lines, and totals."},"1":{"message":"Build every report row with `request.summary()` so the report remains polymorphic."},"2":{"message":"Calculate open totals with `request.is_open()` instead of reading or duplicating internal state rules."},"3":{"message":"Assert that `PantryRequest` is abstract with `isabstract(PantryRequest)`."},"4":{"message":"Add meaningful assertions in `tests/check_requests.py` for validation and mixed-subclass service behavior."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"request tests passed","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Build the report from `request.summary()` and `request.is_open()` without concrete-type branches."},"1":{"message":"Prove the abstract base cannot be instantiated by catching TypeError."},"2":{"message":"Test both blank-household and zero-unit validation failures."},"3":{"message":"Add meaningful assertions for mixed summaries, fulfillment, open count, and the final report."},"4":{"message":"Keep main.py thin: load request objects and print the report."}}},"project_pantry_request_step_6_final_handoff":{"title":"Milestone 6: Deliver the final pantry coordinator","prompt":"Continue from the Milestone 5 workspace and deliver the application the pantry team will actually run. In `main.py`, create `PantryService(load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\"))`; fulfill the Rivera and Chen requests through `service.mark_fulfilled()`; add a fulfilled `HygieneRequest(\"Davis family\", \"medium\", 2, True)`; print the deterministic `build_summary(service.requests)` report; and then print exactly `PANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY`. Keep the regression files in `tests/`, but do not import test modules into production `main.py`. In `README.md`, explain the responsibilities of models, services, storage, reports, tests, and main.py; mention validated properties, ABC/abstract methods, inheritance/super, overriding, and polymorphism; and include the run command `python main.py`.","hint":"The final runner should wire together production layers only. Regression files protect the project separately.","help":{"concept":"A production entry point orchestrates application code; test modules stay independent so they can verify the application without becoming a runtime dependency.","hint_1":"Load the CSV into PantryService, make the required state changes, then pass `service.requests` to `build_summary()`.","hint_2":"Document each folder's responsibility and the exact `python main.py` run command in README.md."},"starterCode":"from reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nrequests = load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\")\nprint(build_summary(requests))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nrequests = load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\")\nprint(build_summary(requests))\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$9d"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$9e"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(requests):\n request_list = list(requests)\n lines = [\"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\"]\n\n for request in request_list:\n lines.append(request.summary())\n\n open_count = sum(\n request.is_open()\n for request in request_list\n )\n fulfilled_count = len(request_list) - open_count\n\n lines.append(\n f\"OPEN: {open_count} | FULFILLED: {fulfilled_count}\"\n )\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"$9f"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"README_md":{"content":"# Neighborhood Pantry Request Coordinator\n\nComplete the final architecture and handoff notes in Milestone 6.\n"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$a0"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nservice = PantryService(load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\"))\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Rivera family\")\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Chen family\")\nservice.add_request(\n HygieneRequest(\n \"Davis family\",\n \"medium\",\n 2,\n True,\n )\n)\n\nprint(build_summary(service.requests))\nprint(\"PANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY\")\n"},"models_pantry_request_py":{"content":"$a1"},"models_food_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass FoodRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, food_type, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n cleaned = str(food_type).strip()\n if not cleaned:\n raise ValueError(\"food_type is required\")\n self.food_type = cleaned\n\n def category(self):\n return \"FOOD\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"food={self.food_type}\"\n"},"models_hygiene_request_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass HygieneRequest(PantryRequest):\n def __init__(self, household, priority, units, fulfilled=False):\n super().__init__(household, priority, fulfilled)\n\n units = int(units)\n if units < 1:\n raise ValueError(\"units must be at least 1\")\n self.units = units\n\n def category(self):\n return \"HYGIENE\"\n\n def details(self):\n return f\"units={self.units}\"\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\nfrom models.food_request import FoodRequest\nfrom models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\n\n__all__ = [\"PantryRequest\", \"FoodRequest\", \"HygieneRequest\"]\n"},"services_pantry_service_py":{"content":"from models.pantry_request import PantryRequest\n\n\nclass PantryService:\n def __init__(self, requests=None):\n self._requests = []\n\n if requests is not None:\n for request in requests:\n self.add_request(request)\n\n @property\n def requests(self):\n return tuple(self._requests)\n\n def add_request(self, request):\n if not isinstance(request, PantryRequest):\n raise TypeError(\"request must be a PantryRequest\")\n self._requests.append(request)\n\n def mark_fulfilled(self, household):\n for request in self._requests:\n if request.household == household:\n request.mark_fulfilled()\n return True\n return False\n\n def count_open_requests(self):\n return sum(request.is_open() for request in self._requests)\n\n def summary_lines(self):\n return [request.summary() for request in self._requests]\n"},"services___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"storage_request_storage_py":{"content":"$a2"},"storage___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"data_requests_csv":{"content":"type,household,priority,detail,fulfilled\nfood,Rivera family,high,produce,false\nhygiene,Chen family,medium,3,false\nhygiene,Morgan family,low,5,true\n"},"reports_summary_py":{"content":"def build_summary(requests):\n request_list = list(requests)\n lines = [\"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\"]\n\n for request in request_list:\n lines.append(request.summary())\n\n open_count = sum(\n request.is_open()\n for request in request_list\n )\n fulfilled_count = len(request_list) - open_count\n\n lines.append(\n f\"OPEN: {open_count} | FULFILLED: {fulfilled_count}\"\n )\n return \"\\n\".join(lines)\n"},"reports___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"tests_check_requests_py":{"content":"$a3"},"tests___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for imports.\n"},"README_md":{"content":"$a4"},"tests_check_storage_py":{"content":"$a5"}},"solutionCode":"from models.hygiene_request import HygieneRequest\nfrom reports.summary import build_summary\nfrom services.pantry_service import PantryService\nfrom storage.request_storage import load_requests\n\nservice = PantryService(load_requests(\"data/requests.csv\"))\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Rivera family\")\nservice.mark_fulfilled(\"Chen family\")\nservice.add_request(\n HygieneRequest(\n \"Davis family\",\n \"medium\",\n 2,\n True,\n )\n)\n\nprint(build_summary(service.requests))\nprint(\"PANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY\")\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"`main.py` must print the complete final report and the readiness confirmation."},"1":{"message":"Explain **Abstraction** in `README.md`, including the role of `PantryRequest` as the abstract contract."},"2":{"message":"Explain **Polymorphism** in `README.md`, including how mixed request types share one interface."},"3":{"message":"Include the exact run command `python main.py` in `README.md`."},"4":{"message":"Call `run_checks()` from `main.py` before the final workflow."}},"workspaceFiles":{},"bundleMoved":{},"expectedOutput":"NEIGHBORHOOD PANTRY REQUESTS\nFOOD: Rivera family | priority=high | food=produce | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Chen family | priority=medium | units=3 | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Morgan family | priority=low | units=5 | fulfilled=True\nHYGIENE: Davis family | priority=medium | units=2 | fulfilled=True\nOPEN: 0 | FULFILLED: 4\nPANTRY REQUEST COORDINATOR READY","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep production `main.py` independent of test modules, then load the CSV through PantryService, apply the required state changes, print the final report, and print the readiness line."},"1":{"message":"Document the responsibility of every production/test layer."},"2":{"message":"Document the retrieved OOP concepts and the exact run command."}}}}}}},"python-8-object-oriented-foundations":{"class-files-and-instances":{"label":"Class Files and Instances","summary":"Define a minimal class in a model file, import it from `main.py`, and create an instance across that file boundary.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Define the class file"},"sketch1":{"title":"Import and use the class"},"sketch2":{"title":"Keep files clean"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_class_files_and_instances_sketch0":{"title":"Define a minimal Car class","prompt":"In `models/car.py`, define a class named `Car` and put `pass` in its body so the class is valid but intentionally empty. Leave `main.py` unchanged. Do not add a constructor yet.","hint":"The class definition belongs in `models/car.py`. Use `pass` as the placeholder body.","help":{"concept":"`pass` is a placeholder statement. It lets you define a valid class before adding real behavior.","hint_1":"Start the definition with `class Car:`.","hint_2":"Indent `pass` inside the class body."},"starterCode":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Define the Car class shell below.\n"}},"solutionCode":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet.","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# The class definition belongs in models/car.py.\n# You do not need to add code in main.py yet."},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n pass"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a Car class in models/car.py."},"1":{"message":"The class shell should be constructible with no arguments yet."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `Car` in `models/car.py` with `pass` in its body."}}},"try_class_files_and_instances_sketch1":{"title":"Import and use Car from the model file","prompt":"`models/car.py` already defines the empty `Car` class. In `main.py`, import `Car` from the `models.car` module and create one `Car` object. Keep the class definition in `models/car.py`; do not copy the class into `main.py`. No output is required.","hint":"Import the class from the model module, then call the imported class to create one object.","help":{"concept":"A model file owns the class definition. Another file imports that class and can then create objects from it.","hint_1":"The module path is `models.car`.","hint_2":"After importing `Car`, call `Car()` once in `main.py`."},"starterCode":"# Import the Car class.\n# Then create one Car object.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Import the Car class.\n# Then create one Car object."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Import Car and create one object.\nclass Car:\n pass"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n pass"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should still be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"Create one Car object in main.py."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import the `Car` class/module from `models.car` in `main.py`."}}},"try_class_files_and_instances_sketch2":{"title":"Keep the model and main script separate","prompt":"Keep the `Car` class in `models/car.py`. Keep `main.py` as the small script that imports the class and creates one object. Add `print(\"Car object ready\")` in `main.py` so the program shows that it ran.","hint":"Do not move the class into `main.py`. Import it from the model file.","help":{"concept":"A clean multifile project keeps model code in a model file and keeps the main script focused on using that model.","hint_1":"`models/car.py` should contain the class.","hint_2":"`main.py` should import `Car`, create `car = Car()`, and print the ready message."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\n\n# Print a short ready message below.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\n\n# Print a short ready message below."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Keep the model and main script separate.\nclass Car:\n pass"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\nprint(\"Car object ready\")","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car()\nprint(\"Car object ready\")"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n pass"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined in the model file."},"1":{"message":"Car should still be constructible with no arguments."},"2":{"message":"Create one Car object in main.py."},"3":{"message":"Print one short ready message from main.py."}},"expectedOutput":"Car object ready"}},"practice":{"mc-class-files-and-instances-class-role":{"title":"Separate the two files","prompt":"Which statements keep the class definition and the script that uses it cleanly separated? Choose all that apply.","hint":"The model file owns the class definition; `main.py` imports and uses it.","help":{"concept":"A clean file boundary keeps reusable model code in the model file and keeps `main.py` focused on using that model.","hint_1":"Look for one statement about `models/car.py` and one about `main.py`.","hint_2":"Do not duplicate the class definition in `main.py`."},"options":{"a":"`models/car.py` defines the `Car` class.","b":"`main.py` imports `Car` and creates objects from it.","c":"`main.py` should copy the full `Car` class definition before using it.","d":"`models/car.py` should run the whole program and print the final output."}},"sc-class-files-and-instances-pass-meaning":{"title":"Why use pass?","prompt":"Why can an empty class use `pass`?","hint":"`pass` lets Python keep a block valid even when there is no real code yet.","help":{"concept":"`pass` is a placeholder. It keeps an empty class body syntactically valid until you add real code later.","hint_1":"A class body cannot be completely empty.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about a placeholder."},"options":{"a":"`pass` creates every method automatically.","b":"`pass` is a placeholder that keeps the empty class valid.","c":"`pass` imports the class into main.py.","d":"`pass` prints the object."}},"fb-class-files-and-instances-import-name":{"title":"Complete the module path","prompt":"Complete the import so `main.py` imports `Car` from the file `models/car.py`.","hint":"Python module paths use dots instead of `/` and omit the `.py` extension.","help":{"concept":"The file path `models/car.py` is imported with the module path `models.car`.","hint_1":"Replace the slash with a dot.","hint_2":"Use `models.car`."},"template":"from [blank1] import Car","choices":["models.car","models/car.py","car","main"]},"dr-class-files-and-instances-order":{"title":"Order the first class workflow","prompt":"Put the steps in the order you follow when creating a class in a model file.","hint":"Start with the class file before importing it.","help":{"concept":"A clean first workflow is: define the class, import it, create one object, then run main.py.","hint_1":"You cannot import a class that has not been defined yet.","hint_2":"Creating the object comes after the import."},"tokens":{"t1":"Define the class in models/car.py","t2":"Import Car in main.py","t3":"Create one object with Car()","t4":"Run main.py"}},"project-step-account-class":{"title":"Create the Account class","prompt":"Practice creating a small account model. Define an `Account` class in `models/account.py` with an `__init__(self, owner, balance)` constructor that stores `owner` and `balance`. In the main code, create `Account(\"Ava\", 120)` and print the owner on one line and the balance on the next line.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\n# Create Ava's account and print owner then balance.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\n# Create Ava's account and print owner then balance."},"models_account_py":{"content":""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a class named Account."},"1":{"message":"Account should accept owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"Store owner and balance on the Account instance."},"3":{"message":"Create one Account object in the main code."},"4":{"message":"Print the owner and balance on separate lines."}}},"project-step-account-methods":{"title":"Add account methods","prompt":"Practice putting account behavior on the model. Keep the provided `Account` class with `owner` and `balance`, then add a `deposit(self, amount)` method that increases the balance and a `summary(self)` method that returns `<owner>: $<balance>`. The main code creates `Account(\"Ava\", 120)`, deposits `30`, and prints the summary.","hint":"One method changes state, and the other reports the current state.","help":{"concept":"This step checks that methods can both update object state and return text based on the updated attributes.","hint_1":"`deposit` should add the incoming amount to `self.balance`.","hint_2":"After calling `deposit(30)`, the summary should reflect the new balance, not the original one."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\n\n# Deposit 30, then print the summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\n\n# Deposit 30, then print the summary."},"models_account_py":{"content":""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\naccount.deposit(30)\nprint(account.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.owner}: ${self.balance}\"\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\naccount.deposit(30)\nprint(account.summary())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Account class defined."},"1":{"message":"Account should still store owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"summary() should report the current owner and balance."},"3":{"message":"summary() should exist before any deposit."},"4":{"message":"deposit(30) should update the balance to 150."},"5":{"message":"Create one Account object in the main code."},"6":{"message":"Print the summary after depositing."}}},"project-step-two-accounts":{"title":"Keep state separate across two accounts","prompt":"Practice working with two instances of the same class. Keep the provided `Account` class with `owner`, `balance`, `deposit`, and `summary`. The main code creates Ava and Noah accounts and deposits into Ava's account only. Finish the code so the two printed summaries show that each object keeps its own state.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\n# Deposit 30 into Ava's account only.\n# Print Ava's summary, then Noah's summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\n# Deposit 30 into Ava's account only.\n# Print Ava's summary, then Noah's summary."},"models_account_py":{"content":""}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\nava_account.deposit(30)\nprint(ava_account.summary())\nprint(noah_account.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance += amount\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.owner}: ${self.balance}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nava_account = Account(\"Ava\", 120)\nnoah_account = Account(\"Noah\", 90)\n\nava_account.deposit(30)\nprint(ava_account.summary())\nprint(noah_account.summary())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Account class defined."},"1":{"message":"Each Account should store owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"Ava's account should update to 150 after deposit(30)."},"3":{"message":"Noah's summary should still show the original balance."},"4":{"message":"Create two Account objects in the main code."},"5":{"message":"Print both account summaries on separate lines."}}}}},"constructors-and-object-state":{"label":"Constructors and Object State","summary":"Use `__init__` to create per-object state, distinguish instance state from class-level state, and keep mutable lists separate between objects.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Initialize object state"},"sketch1":{"title":"Class state vs instance state"},"sketch2":{"title":"Keep mutable state per object"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_constructors_and_object_state_sketch0":{"title":"Initialize a Car's state","prompt":"`main.py` already creates a `Car` and reads its attributes. In `models/car.py`, replace the empty class body with `__init__(self, make, model, miles)`. Store the incoming values on `self.make`, `self.model`, and `self.miles`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The constructor receives the three starting values and assigns each one to an attribute on `self`.","help":{"concept":"`__init__` establishes instance state when an object is created.","hint_1":"Define `__init__` inside `class Car`.","hint_2":"Assign make, model, and miles to matching attributes on `self`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n # Add __init__ so each Car stores make, model, and miles.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Nissan\", \"Leaf\", 6000)\n\nprint(car.make)\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should be constructible with make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Store make, model, and miles as attributes on the object."},"3":{"message":"Print the requested attributes on separate lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Nissan\n6000","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `__init__(self, make, model, miles)` inside `Car`."},"1":{"message":"Store `make` on `self.make`."},"2":{"message":"Store `model` on `self.model`."},"3":{"message":"Store `miles` on `self.miles`."}}},"try_constructors_and_object_state_sketch1":{"title":"Add one class-level value","prompt":"In `models/car.py`, add the class variable `wheels = 4` directly inside `class Car`, outside `__init__`. Keep `make`, `model`, and `miles` as instance variables on `self`. In `main.py`, print `Car.wheels`, then `outback.make`, then `mini.make`, each on its own line.","hint":"The shared value belongs in the class body; values that differ between cars stay on `self`.","help":{"concept":"A class variable is class-level state; instance variables live on one object through `self`.","hint_1":"Put `wheels = 4` above `__init__`, not inside it.","hint_2":"Read the shared value with `Car.wheels`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\n# Print the class-level wheel count, then each car's make.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\n# Print the class-level wheel count, then each car's make.\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n # Add the class variable wheels = 4 here.\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.wheels)\nprint(outback.make)\nprint(mini.make)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\noutback = Car(\"Subaru\", \"Outback\", 40000)\nmini = Car(\"Mini\", \"Cooper\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.wheels)\nprint(outback.make)\nprint(mini.make)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n wheels = 4\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should still accept make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Keep make, model, and miles as per-object attributes."},"3":{"message":"Create two Car objects in main.py."},"4":{"message":"Print the shared wheel count and the two requested makes."}},"expectedOutput":"4\nSubaru\nMini","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `wheels = 4` as a class variable directly inside `Car`."},"1":{"message":"Print the shared value from `Car.wheels`."},"2":{"message":"Print `outback.make`."},"3":{"message":"Print `mini.make`."}}},"try_constructors_and_object_state_sketch2":{"title":"Give each Car its own mutable list","prompt":"`main.py` already creates two cars, appends one service note to the first car, and prints both lists. In `models/car.py`, create `self.service_notes = []` inside `__init__` so every `Car` gets a separate list. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Create the empty list on `self` inside the constructor, not once in the class body.","help":{"concept":"Mutable per-object state should be created separately for each instance.","hint_1":"Add the list assignment inside `__init__`.","hint_2":"The required attribute is `self.service_notes`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n wheels = 4\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n # Give each Car its own empty service_notes list.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nfirst_car = Car(\"Hyundai\", \"Elantra\", 25000)\nsecond_car = Car(\"Chevrolet\", \"Bolt\", 9000)\n\nfirst_car.service_notes.append(\"oil change\")\n\nprint(first_car.service_notes)\nprint(second_car.service_notes)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n wheels = 4\n\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n self.service_notes = []\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class defined."},"1":{"message":"Car should still accept make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Each Car should receive its own service_notes list."},"3":{"message":"Create two Car objects."},"4":{"message":"Only the first car should contain the new service note."}},"expectedOutput":"['oil change']\n[]","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Create `self.service_notes = []` inside `__init__`."}}}},"practice":{"mc-constructors-and-object-state-storing-values":{"title":"Class state or instance state?","prompt":"Which statements correctly distinguish class variables from instance variables? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Values on `self` belong to one object; values such as `Car.wheels` live at the class level.","help":{"concept":"Instance variables are stored on one object through `self`. Class variables are defined in the class body.","hint_1":"Look for `self.` when identifying per-object state.","hint_2":"A class-level value can be read from the class itself."},"options":{"a":"`self.make` can differ from one `Car` object to another.","b":"`Car.wheels` is class-level state.","c":"Every value assigned on `self` is shared by all `Car` objects.","d":"A class variable is recreated separately inside every object."}},"sc-constructors-and-object-state-purpose":{"title":"Where should per-car notes live?","prompt":"Each `Car` needs a separate mutable list of service notes. Where should that list be created?","hint":"The list must be new for each object.","help":{"concept":"Create mutable per-object data inside `__init__` and assign it to `self`.","hint_1":"Avoid one list shared in the class body.","hint_2":"Choose the option that creates a fresh list per `Car`."},"options":{"a":"Inside `__init__` as `self.service_notes = []`","b":"Once in the class body as `service_notes = []`","c":"Only as a local list in `main.py`","d":"Inside a `print()` call"}},"fb-constructors-and-object-state-init-name":{"title":"Name the initializer","prompt":"Complete the method definition Python uses to initialize each new `Car` with starting state.","hint":"The special method name starts and ends with two underscores.","help":{"concept":"`__init__` runs when a new object is created and establishes its starting instance state.","hint_1":"The name means initialize.","hint_2":"Use `__init__`."},"template":"def [blank1](self, make, model, miles):","choices":["__init__","init","constructor","self"]},"dr-constructors-and-object-state-flow":{"title":"Order the state setup","prompt":"Put these steps in a clear order.","hint":"Define shared information first, then create per-object state.","help":{"concept":"The class body can hold shared values; the constructor creates each object's own state.","hint_1":"The class definition comes first.","hint_2":"Use the object after it has been created."},"tokens":{"t1":"Define the class variable in the class body","t2":"Define `__init__` with starting values","t3":"Store per-object values on `self`","t4":"Create an object and read its state"}},"ci-constructors-and-object-state-add-method":{"title":"Add a summary method that reads object state","prompt":"The tracker wants a readable summary for each transaction. In `models/transaction.py`, keep the constructor and add a `summary` method that returns text in this format: `Coffee: -4` or `Paycheck: 1200`. The method should build the string from the object's stored attributes.","hint":"Read the task \"Add a summary method that reads object state\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Add a summary method that reads object state\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n","solutionCode":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n"},"models_transaction_py":{"content":"class Transaction:\n def __init__(self, label, amount):\n self.label = label\n self.amount = amount\n\n # Add summary() so it returns text built from the stored attributes.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.transaction import Transaction\n\nfor transaction in [Transaction(\"Coffee\", -4), Transaction(\"Paycheck\", 1200)]:\n print(transaction.summary())\n"},"models_transaction_py":{"content":"class Transaction:\n def __init__(self, label, amount):\n self.label = label\n self.amount = amount\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.label}: {self.amount}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a Transaction class."},"1":{"message":"Transaction should still accept label and amount."},"2":{"message":"summary should return text built from the stored label and amount."},"3":{"message":"summary should work for different transaction objects too."}}},"ci-constructors-and-object-state-deposit-method":{"title":"Track deposits on an account object","prompt":"Return to `models/account.py`. Define an `Account` class with a constructor that stores `owner` and `balance`, then add a `deposit` method that increases the balance. The provided workspace will create an account, make one or more deposits, and inspect the final stored balance.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n","solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n pass\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 100)\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance = self.balance + amount\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define an Account class."},"1":{"message":"Account should accept owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"A deposit should increase the stored balance."},"3":{"message":"Multiple deposits should keep updating the same balance attribute."}}},"ci-constructors-and-object-state-ledger-step":{"title":"Build a ledger account that keeps owner, balance, and note","prompt":"The tracker now wants a slightly richer account model. In `models/account.py`, define an `Account` class whose constructor accepts `owner`, `balance`, and `note`. Store all three as attributes. Then add a `deposit` method that increases `balance` and a `describe` method that returns text in this format: `Rae | 90 | starter fund`. The workspace will create an object, update it, and call `describe()`.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n","solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance, note):\n pass\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass\n\n def describe(self):\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70, \"starter fund\")\naccount.deposit(20)\nprint(account.describe())\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance, note):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n self.note = note\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance = self.balance + amount\n\n def describe(self):\n return f\"{self.owner} | {self.balance} | {self.note}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define an Account class."},"1":{"message":"Account should accept owner, balance, and note."},"2":{"message":"Store all three constructor values as instance attributes."},"3":{"message":"deposit should update the stored balance."},"4":{"message":"describe should return a string built from the stored state."}}}}},"encapsulation-and-validation":{"label":"Encapsulation and Validation","summary":"Protect object state by validating state-changing methods, then use a property setter when direct attribute assignment also needs one controlled validation path.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Validate state-changing methods"},"sketch1":{"title":"Protect direct assignment with a property"},"sketch2":{"title":"Clean final behavior"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_encapsulation_and_validation_sketch0":{"title":"Protect mileage inside drive()","prompt":"`main.py` is already complete. In `models/car.py`, update the existing `drive(self, miles)` method so it changes `self.miles` only when the requested `miles` value is greater than `0`. For zero or a negative value, leave the stored mileage unchanged. Always return the car's current mileage. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Check the requested distance before mutating `self.miles`, then return the current mileage.","help":{"concept":"Validation belongs next to the state change it protects. Invalid requests should not mutate the object.","hint_1":"Only positive distances are valid.","hint_2":"Return the current mileage after the validation decision."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n # Validate the requested distance before changing self.miles.\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nvalid_drive = int(input())\ninvalid_drive = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", start)\n\nprint(car.drive(valid_drive))\nprint(car.drive(invalid_drive))\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n if miles > 0:\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should still accept make, model, and starting mileage."},"2":{"message":"A positive drive should update and return the new mileage."},"3":{"message":"A negative drive must leave the mileage unchanged."},"4":{"message":"Zero and negative requests must preserve state for other valid starting values too."}},"expectedOutput":"110\n110","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the validation inside `drive(self, miles)` on `Car`."}}},"try_encapsulation_and_validation_sketch1":{"title":"Validate direct mileage assignment","prompt":"`main.py` is already complete. In `models/car.py`, keep `_miles` as the backing attribute and add a `miles` property. The `@property` getter `miles(self)` must return the backing mileage. Add a `@miles.setter` setter that changes the backing mileage only when the new value is `0` or greater. Negative assignments must leave the current mileage unchanged. Keep `__init__` routing the starting value through `self.miles = miles`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The getter exposes the backing value. The setter validates before replacing that value.","help":{"concept":"A property preserves normal attribute syntax while giving the object one controlled validation path.","hint_1":"Use `@property` for the getter and `@miles.setter` for the setter.","hint_2":"Only non-negative values should replace `_miles`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self._miles = 0\n self.miles = miles\n\n # Add the miles property getter and setter below.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\nstart = int(input())\nnew_miles = int(input())\ninvalid_miles = int(input())\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", start)\n\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = new_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n\ncar.miles = invalid_miles\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self._miles = 0\n self.miles = miles\n\n @property\n def miles(self):\n return self._miles\n\n @miles.setter\n def miles(self, value):\n if value >= 0:\n self._miles = value\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should remain constructible with a valid starting mileage."},"2":{"message":"The public `miles` attribute should still be readable."},"3":{"message":"Print the final miles."}},"expectedOutput":"100\n150\n150","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `miles` with the `@property` decorator."},"1":{"message":"Define a setter for the `miles` property."},"2":{"message":"Route the constructor's starting mileage through the `miles` property."}}},"try_encapsulation_and_validation_sketch2":{"title":"Use validated behavior with a summary","prompt":"Use the final validated `Car` class. In `main.py`, create `Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)`, call `drive(20)`, call `drive(-3)`, call `drive(50)`, then print `summary()`. The invalid call should be ignored, so the summary should show `70` miles.","hint":"The negative drive should not change the object. The two positive drives should add up to 70 miles.","help":{"concept":"Encapsulation means the object protects its own state and reports a trustworthy result.","hint_1":"Call the methods in the order given.","hint_2":"Print `car.summary()` after all three calls."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\n\n# Drive 20 miles, ignore -3, then drive 50 more.\n# Print the final summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\n\n# Drive 20 miles, ignore -3, then drive 50 more.\n# Print the final summary."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Use validated behavior with a summary.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n if miles > 0:\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\ncar.drive(20)\ncar.drive(-3)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 0)\ncar.drive(20)\ncar.drive(-3)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n if miles > 0:\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"The final summary should use validated miles."},"1":{"message":"Print one clean summary line."},"2":{"message":"Print one clean summary line."}},"expectedOutput":"Honda Civic - 70 miles"}},"practice":{"mc-encapsulation-and-validation-safe-design":{"title":"Choose controlled state changes","prompt":"Which designs keep validation close to the state it protects? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Look for one controlled path that every caller uses.","help":{"concept":"State-changing methods and property setters can both keep a validation rule inside the object.","hint_1":"A method can validate before mutation.","hint_2":"A property setter can validate direct assignment."},"options":{"a":"`drive()` checks a distance before changing the car's mileage.","b":"`main.py` directly repairs `_miles` whenever a value looks wrong.","c":"A `miles` property setter validates `car.miles = value` assignments.","d":"Every caller invents its own validation rule before touching the object."}},"sc-encapsulation-and-validation-why-inside-class":{"title":"Why use a property setter?","prompt":"Why is a property setter useful for a value such as `miles`?","hint":"Think about normal assignment syntax plus validation.","help":{"concept":"A property setter lets callers assign normally while the object controls whether the new value is accepted.","hint_1":"The caller can still write `car.miles = value`.","hint_2":"The setter owns the validation rule."},"options":{"a":"It prevents callers from reading the attribute at all.","b":"It keeps normal assignment syntax while validating the new value inside the object.","c":"It makes every instance share one mileage value.","d":"It removes the need for an initializer."}},"fb-encapsulation-and-validation-condition":{"title":"Trace a rejected assignment","prompt":"A car currently has `miles = 150`. Its property setter ignores negative values. After `car.miles = -20`, what is `car.miles`?","hint":"A rejected assignment leaves the stored state unchanged.","help":{"concept":"Validation protects the existing object state when an assignment is invalid.","hint_1":"The setter does not accept `-20`.","hint_2":"The previous value remains `150`."},"template":"car.miles == [blank1]","choices":["150","-20","0","170"]},"dr-encapsulation-and-validation-update-order":{"title":"Order the safe update","prompt":"Put the validation workflow in order.","hint":"Check the value before changing the attribute.","help":{"concept":"Safe methods receive a value, check it, update only if allowed, then return the current state.","hint_1":"Never update before checking.","hint_2":"Returning happens after the check/update decision."},"tokens":{"t1":"Receive the requested value","t2":"Check whether the value is valid","t3":"Update state only when valid","t4":"Return the current state"}},"ci-account-summary-method":{"title":"Create a summary method for account state","prompt":"A volunteer dashboard needs a readable account summary. In `models/account.py`, complete `summary` so it returns a string in this exact format: `Owner: <owner>, Balance: <balance>`. Do not print inside the method; return the string instead. `main.py` already prints the returned summary for two accounts.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def summary(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"Owner: {self.owner}, Balance: {self.balance}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Mina\", 125)\nsecond = Account(\"Leo\", 40)\nprint(first.summary())\nprint(second.summary())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"summary should return the formatted string for Mina's account."},"2":{"message":"summary should return the formatted string for Leo's account."}}},"ci-account-withdraw":{"title":"Add a validated withdraw method","prompt":"Your club account tracker now needs withdrawals. In `models/account.py`, complete `withdraw` so it subtracts the amount only when the amount is greater than 0 and no larger than the current balance. Return `True` for a successful withdrawal and `False` otherwise. `main.py` already checks one valid and one invalid withdrawal.","hint":"Read the task \"Add a validated withdraw method\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Add a validated withdraw method\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)\n\n# models/account.py\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n # subtract only when the amount is valid\n pass","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# main.py\nfrom models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)\n\n# models/account.py\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n # subtract only when the amount is valid\n pass"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, balance):\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return True\n return False"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\ntrip = Account(\"Trip Fund\", 90)\nprint(trip.withdraw(30))\nprint(trip.balance)\n\nsupplies = Account(\"Supplies\", 20)\nprint(supplies.withdraw(25))\nprint(supplies.balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"Account should be constructible with owner and balance."},"2":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should return True."},"3":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should reduce the balance."},"4":{"message":"An oversized withdrawal should return False."},"5":{"message":"An invalid withdrawal should leave the balance unchanged."}}},"ci-helper-is_positive_amount":{"title":"Build a helper that checks positive amounts","prompt":"Your team wants a reusable validation helper. In `helpers/validation.py`, complete `is_positive_amount` so it returns `True` when the number is greater than 0 and `False` otherwise. `main.py` uses that helper inside `Account.deposit`, so the helper must work for both valid and invalid amounts.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"# main.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)\n\n# helpers/validation.py\ndef is_positive_amount(amount):\n # return True only for amounts greater than 0\n pass\n\n# models/account.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\n\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if is_positive_amount(amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return True\n return False","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# main.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)\n\n# helpers/validation.py\ndef is_positive_amount(amount):\n # return True only for amounts greater than 0\n pass\n\n# models/account.py\nfrom helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\n\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if is_positive_amount(amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return True\n return False"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, balance):\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass"},"helpers_validation_py":{"content":"def is_positive_amount(amount):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)"},"models_account_py":{"content":"from helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\n\nclass Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if is_positive_amount(amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return True\n return False"},"helpers_validation_py":{"content":"def is_positive_amount(amount):\n return amount > 0"}},"solutionCode":"from helpers.validation import is_positive_amount\nfrom models.account import Account\n\nfirst = Account(\"Club\", 50)\nprint(first.deposit(10))\nprint(first.balance)\n\nsecond = Account(\"Snacks\", 50)\nprint(second.deposit(0))\nprint(second.balance)","checks":{"0":{"message":"10 should be treated as a positive amount."},"1":{"message":"0 should not be treated as a positive amount."},"2":{"message":"Negative numbers should return False."},"3":{"message":"The helper should support a valid deposit."},"4":{"message":"A non-positive amount should leave the balance unchanged."}}}}},"methods-and-responsibility":{"label":"Methods and Responsibility","summary":"Put behavior beside the object state it uses, return useful results from model methods, and keep application-wide coordination outside the model.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Behavior that belongs to one object"},"sketch1":{"title":"Keep responsibilities separated"},"sketch2":{"title":"Static method"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_methods_and_responsibility_sketch0":{"title":"Add behavior that changes one Car","prompt":"`main.py` already creates a `Car`, calls `drive(40)`, and prints both the returned value and the car's final mileage. In `models/car.py`, define the instance method `drive(self, miles)`. It must increase `self.miles` by the given amount, update the object, and return the new mileage. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"This behavior belongs on `Car` because it changes one car's own mileage.","help":{"concept":"An instance method receives `self` and can change the state stored on that object.","hint_1":"Define `drive(self, miles)` inside `class Car`.","hint_2":"Update `self.miles`, then return its new value."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n # Add drive(self, miles) here.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Honda\", \"Fit\", 10000)\n\nprint(car.drive(40))\nprint(car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should still accept make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Keep the existing per-object state."},"3":{"message":"`drive(40)` should return the updated mileage."},"4":{"message":"`drive(40)` must actually update `self.miles`, not only compute a return value."},"5":{"message":"`drive` should work for other valid starting mileages and distances."},"6":{"message":"Keep the provided two-line demonstration in `main.py`."}},"expectedOutput":"10040\n10040","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `drive(self, miles)` as an instance method on `Car`."}}},"try_methods_and_responsibility_sketch1":{"title":"Return a summary of one Car","prompt":"`main.py` already creates one `Car` and prints `car.summary()`. In `models/car.py`, define the instance method `summary(self)`. Return a string in the format `MAKE MODEL - MILES miles` using that object's `make`, `model`, and `miles` attributes. The method must return the string; do not print inside `summary`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The summary belongs on `Car` because it reports one car's state. Return the string so `main.py` can decide to print it.","help":{"concept":"A model method can report one object's state while the caller remains responsible for display or application coordination.","hint_1":"Define `summary(self)` inside `Car`.","hint_2":"Build and return the string from `self.make`, `self.model`, and `self.miles`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n # Add summary(self) here.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Prius\", 62)\n\nprint(car.summary())\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Car` defined in `models/car.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Car` should remain constructible."},"2":{"message":"`summary()` should return the requested text for the visible car."},"3":{"message":"`summary()` should use the object's actual state, not hard-coded visible values."},"4":{"message":"Keep the provided `main.py` call that prints the returned summary."}},"expectedOutput":"Toyota Prius - 62 miles","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `summary(self)` as an instance method on `Car`."}}},"try_methods_and_responsibility_sketch2":{"title":"Add a static validation method","prompt":"Add `@staticmethod` and `is_valid_miles(miles)` to `Car`. It should return `True` when miles is greater than or equal to 0 and `False` otherwise. In `main.py`, call it once from the class with `120` and once from a Car object with `-5`, then print both results.","hint":"A static method uses neither `self` nor `cls`; it receives only the value it checks.","help":{"concept":"A static method is useful for logic related to the class that does not need object state or the class itself.","hint_1":"Place `@staticmethod` above `def is_valid_miles(miles):`.","hint_2":"Return the Boolean expression `miles >= 0`."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\n# Print the validation result from the class and from the object.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\n# Print Car.is_valid_miles(120).\n# Then print car.is_valid_miles(-5).\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n # TODO: add @staticmethod and is_valid_miles(miles).\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.is_valid_miles(120))\nprint(car.is_valid_miles(-5))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Toyota\", \"RAV4\", 15000)\n\nprint(Car.is_valid_miles(120))\nprint(car.is_valid_miles(-5))\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n @staticmethod\n def is_valid_miles(miles):\n return miles >= 0\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Car class constructible."},"1":{"message":"is_valid_miles should return True for a non-negative value."},"2":{"message":"is_valid_miles should return False for a negative value."},"3":{"message":"Print both validation results."}},"expectedOutput":"True\nFalse"}},"practice":{"mc-methods-and-responsibility-class-jobs":{"title":"Which behavior belongs on Car?","prompt":"Which behaviors naturally belong as instance methods on one `Car` object? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Choose behavior that reads or changes one car's own state.","help":{"concept":"An instance method is a good fit when the behavior belongs to one object's state.","hint_1":"Think about mileage and one-car summaries.","hint_2":"Fleet-wide reports and user menus coordinate more than one object or the whole application."},"options":{"a":"Increase this car's mileage after it drives.","b":"Return a summary of this car's make, model, and mileage.","c":"Build a report across every car in the fleet.","d":"Ask the user which menu option to choose."}},"sc-methods-and-responsibility-main-role":{"title":"Keep display outside the model","prompt":"Which design keeps `Car.summary()` focused on the model's responsibility?","hint":"The method should provide the result; the caller can decide how to display it.","help":{"concept":"Returning a result keeps a model method reusable while `main.py` owns user-facing coordination.","hint_1":"Avoid putting the application's printing policy inside the model.","hint_2":"Choose the option where `summary()` returns and `main.py` prints."},"options":{"a":"`summary()` prints the text itself and returns nothing.","b":"`summary()` returns the text, and `main.py` prints the returned value.","c":"`main.py` rewrites the Car's attributes before every summary.","d":"`summary()` asks the user which car to summarize."}},"fb-methods-and-responsibility-call-name":{"title":"Trace a state-changing method","prompt":"A car starts with `miles = 10000`. After `car.drive(40)` completes, what should `car.miles` be?","hint":"The method adds the driven distance to the object's current mileage.","help":{"concept":"A state-changing instance method updates the object itself.","hint_1":"Start with 10000.","hint_2":"Add 40."},"template":"car.miles == [blank1]","choices":["10040","10000","40","9960"]},"dr-methods-and-responsibility-flow":{"title":"Choose a method by what it needs","prompt":"Put this decision process in order.","hint":"Start by asking what data the behavior needs.","help":{"concept":"The needed context determines the method type.","hint_1":"Object state points to an instance method.","hint_2":"No object or class context points to a static method."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ask whether the behavior needs one object's state","t2":"Use an instance method when it needs `self`","t3":"Use a class method when it needs `cls` or creates objects","t4":"Use a static method when it needs neither"}},"ci-methods-and-responsibility-report-line":{"title":"Build a report line from object methods","prompt":"You are preparing a simple daily report for the account tracker. Finish the `deposit` and `report_line` methods in `models/account.py`. `deposit` should update the balance, and `report_line` should return text in this exact format: `Rae | balance: $95`. `main.py` already creates the account, deposits money, and prints the report line. When you click Run, the output panel should show `Rae | balance: $95`. This matters because the class should both manage state changes and provide account-specific display text.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n pass\n\n def report_line(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance\n\n def report_line(self):\n return f\"{self.owner} | balance: ${self.balance}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Rae\", 70)\naccount.deposit(25)\nprint(account.report_line())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"deposit should update the balance to 95."},"2":{"message":"report_line should return the formatted report text."}}},"ci-methods-and-responsibility-validate-withdrawal":{"title":"Keep validation inside the method","prompt":"You are improving the account tracker so invalid withdrawals do not change the balance. In `models/account.py`, finish `withdraw` so it subtracts the amount only when the amount is less than or equal to the current balance. If the amount is too large, leave the balance unchanged. The method should return the current balance after the attempt. `main.py` already prints two results. When you click Run, the output panel should show `60` and then `60`. This matters because validation should live with the object state it protects.","hint":"Check the amount against `self.balance` before subtracting.","help":{"concept":"Encapsulation means the class protects its own state. A withdrawal rule belongs inside the method because the method controls balance changes.","hint_1":"The first call should reduce the balance, but the second call should not make it negative.","hint_2":"Use a conditional inside `withdraw`; only update `self.balance` when the requested amount is allowed, then return the balance either way."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Jules\", 100)\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.withdraw(80))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Account class."},"1":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should reduce the balance."},"2":{"message":"After an invalid second withdrawal, the balance should remain 60."},"3":{"message":"If the amount is too large, return the unchanged balance."}}},"practice-cart-total-method":{"title":"Put total behavior on the object","prompt":"Define a `Cart` class that stores a list of prices. Add a `total()` method that returns the sum of those prices. Create `Cart([4, 7, 9])` and print `cart.total()`.","hint":"The `Cart` object already owns the price list, so the method should use `self.prices`.","help":{"concept":"A method belongs on an object when the behavior primarily uses and represents that object's own state.","hint_1":"The `Cart` object already owns the price list, so the method should use `self.prices`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n # return the total of this cart\n pass\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n # return the total of this cart\n pass\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n return sum(self.prices)\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Cart:\n def __init__(self, prices):\n self.prices = prices\n\n def total(self):\n return sum(self.prices)\n\ncart = Cart([4, 7, 9])\nprint(cart.total())\n"}}}}},"module-8-account-tracker-project":{"label":"Module 8 Account Tracker Project","summary":"Build Riverside Club's account tracker so each member balance has one reliable model, safe update rules, and a clear summary.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Account Tracker Build"}},"projectSteps":{"try_module_8_account_tracker_project_sketch0":{"title":"Create the Account model boundary"},"account_tracker_step_2_constructor_attributes":{"title":"Add shared and per-account state"},"account_tracker_step_3_add_methods":{"title":"Add validated account transactions"},"account_tracker_step_4_validation_summary":{"title":"Protect balance and finish the model"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"try_module_8_account_tracker_project_sketch0":{"title":"Create the Account model boundary","prompt":"Start the club tracker with the smallest working model boundary. In `models/account.py`, define `class Account:` with `pass` as its body. In `main.py`, import `Account` from `models.account` and create one `Account` object. Do not add state or output yet.","hint":"Keep the reusable class definition in `models/account.py`; `main.py` only imports and uses it.","help":{"concept":"A model file owns the reusable class; main.py imports and uses it.","hint_1":"Define the empty class shell in models/account.py.","hint_2":"Import Account in main.py and call Account() once."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\n# Create one Account object below.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\n# Create one Account object below.\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"# Define the Account class shell below.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Account` defined in `models/account.py`."},"1":{"message":"The empty `Account` class should be constructible."},"2":{"message":"Create at least one `Account` object in `main.py`."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define the empty `Account` class shell with `pass` in `models/account.py`."},"1":{"message":"Import the Account model from `models.account` in `main.py`."}}},"account_tracker_step_2_constructor_attributes":{"title":"Add shared and per-account state","prompt":"Continue from the exact previous workspace. In `models/account.py`, replace the empty class body with the class variable `club_name = \"Riverside Club\"` and `__init__(self, owner, balance)`. Store the incoming values on `self.owner` and `self.balance`. In `main.py`, read an owner and integer balance from input, create the account, then print `Account.club_name`, `account.owner`, and `account.balance`, each on its own line.","hint":"The club name is shared class state. Owner and balance belong to each individual account.","help":{"concept":"Class variables hold shared class-level state; self stores per-object state.","hint_1":"Put club_name directly in the class body.","hint_2":"Store owner and balance on self inside __init__."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account()\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n pass\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Account` defined in the model file."},"1":{"message":"Account should be constructible with different owners and balances."},"2":{"message":"Each Account should expose owner and balance state."},"3":{"message":"Create an Account from the input values in `main.py`."},"4":{"message":"Print the shared club name, owner, and balance."}},"expectedOutput":"Riverside Club\nAva\n125","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `club_name = \"Riverside Club\"` as class-level state on Account."},"1":{"message":"Define `__init__(self, owner, balance)` on Account."},"2":{"message":"Store the incoming owner on `self.owner`."},"3":{"message":"Store the incoming balance on `self.balance`."}}},"account_tracker_step_3_add_methods":{"title":"Add validated account transactions","prompt":"Continue from the exact previous workspace. In `models/account.py`, add the instance methods `deposit(self, amount)` and `withdraw(self, amount)`. A deposit changes the balance only when `amount > 0`. A withdrawal changes the balance only when `amount > 0` and the amount does not exceed the current balance. Both methods must always return the current balance. In `main.py`, demonstrate a valid deposit, a valid withdrawal, a negative deposit, and an overdraw attempt using the provided values in the solution behavior.","hint":"Keep each validation rule inside the method that owns that state change. Rejected transactions leave the balance unchanged.","help":{"concept":"Instance methods own validated changes to one Account's balance.","hint_1":"deposit accepts only positive amounts.","hint_2":"withdraw also checks that the account has enough balance."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nbalance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, balance)\n\nprint(Account.club_name)\nprint(account.owner)\nprint(account.balance)\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if amount > 0:\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"A valid deposit should update and return the new balance."},"1":{"message":"A negative deposit must leave the balance unchanged."},"2":{"message":"A valid withdrawal should update and return the remaining balance."},"3":{"message":"An overdraw attempt must leave the balance unchanged."},"4":{"message":"The methods should preserve correct state on other valid and invalid values too."}},"expectedOutput":"150\n110\n110\n110","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `deposit(self, amount)` as an instance method."},"1":{"message":"Define `withdraw(self, amount)` as an instance method."}}},"account_tracker_step_4_validation_summary":{"title":"Protect balance and finish the model","prompt":"Finish the tracker from the exact previous workspace. Refactor `balance` into a validated property backed by `self._balance`. In `__init__`, start the backing value at `0` and route the incoming balance through `self.balance = balance`. Define a `@property` getter `balance(self)` that returns `_balance`, and a `@balance.setter` setter `balance(self, value)` that accepts only values `>= 0`; a negative assignment must leave the current balance unchanged. Keep `deposit()` and `withdraw()` working through the public `balance` property. Add `summary(self)` that returns `CLUB | OWNER: $BALANCE` with two decimal places. Update `main.py` to read the owner, starting balance, a new direct balance, and an invalid direct balance from input; print the starting balance, the accepted balance, the balance after the rejected assignment, then the summary.","hint":"The property gives construction, direct assignment, and the transaction methods one public balance interface while `_balance` remains internal.","help":{"concept":"A property controls direct assignment while preserving normal attribute syntax.","hint_1":"Initialize `_balance` before routing the constructor value through the setter.","hint_2":"summary() returns text; main.py decides to print it."},"starterCode":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\naccount = Account(\"Ava\", 125)\n\nprint(account.deposit(25))\nprint(account.withdraw(40))\nprint(account.deposit(-5))\nprint(account.withdraw(500))\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self.balance = balance\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if amount > 0:\n self.balance += amount\n return self.balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance -= amount\n return self.balance\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nstart_balance = int(input())\nnew_balance = int(input())\ninvalid_balance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, start_balance)\n\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = new_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = invalid_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\nprint(account.summary())\n"},"models_account_py":{"content":"class Account:\n club_name = \"Riverside Club\"\n\n def __init__(self, owner, balance):\n self.owner = owner\n self._balance = 0\n self.balance = balance\n\n @property\n def balance(self):\n return self._balance\n\n @balance.setter\n def balance(self, value):\n if value >= 0:\n self._balance = value\n\n def deposit(self, amount):\n if amount > 0:\n self.balance = self.balance + amount\n return self.balance\n\n def withdraw(self, amount):\n if amount > 0 and amount <= self.balance:\n self.balance = self.balance - amount\n return self.balance\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.club_name} | {self.owner}: ${self.balance:.2f}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.account import Account\n\nowner = input()\nstart_balance = int(input())\nnew_balance = int(input())\ninvalid_balance = int(input())\n\naccount = Account(owner, start_balance)\n\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = new_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\naccount.balance = invalid_balance\nprint(account.balance)\n\nprint(account.summary())\n","checks":{"0":{"message":"Account should remain constructible after the property refactor."},"1":{"message":"The public owner and balance state should remain readable."},"2":{"message":"deposit() should still work after the property refactor."},"3":{"message":"withdraw() should still work through the public balance property."},"4":{"message":"summary() should use the actual account state, not the visible example values."}},"expectedOutput":"125\n40\n40\nRiverside Club | Ava: $40.00","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `balance` with the `@property` decorator."},"1":{"message":"Define `balance(self, value)` as the property setter."},"2":{"message":"Initialize the internal `_balance` backing value before using the setter."},"3":{"message":"Route the constructor's incoming balance through the public property."},"4":{"message":"Define `summary(self)` on Account."}}}}}},"thinking-in-objects":{"label":"Thinking in Objects","summary":"Use provided objects first so object creation, attributes, and method calls make sense before writing class syntax yourself.","cards":{"course-introduction":{"title":"Course introduction"},"sketch0":{"title":"Create objects"},"sketch1":{"title":"Read attributes"},"sketch2":{"title":"Call methods"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_thinking_in_objects_sketch0":{"title":"Create two objects","prompt":"A `Car` model is already provided in `models/car.py`. In `main.py`, create two separate `Car` objects with sensible make, model, and mileage values. Keep both objects available in variables or a collection. Do not print anything. This exercise is only about creating objects.","hint":"Call `Car(...)` twice. Each constructor call creates a separate object.","help":{"concept":"Calling a class creates an object. Separate constructor calls create separate instances, each with its own state.","hint_1":"The provided constructor accepts a make, a model, and a starting mileage.","hint_2":"Create two `Car(...)` instances and keep both reachable. No output is required."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\n# A Car model is already provided.\n# Create two Car objects below.\n# Do not print anything yet.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\n# A Car model is already provided.\n# Create two Car objects below.\n# Do not print anything yet."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Create two car objects.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncivic_car = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 12000)\nfocus_car = Car(\"Ford\", \"Focus\", 8000)","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncivic_car = Car(\"Honda\", \"Civic\", 12000)\nfocus_car = Car(\"Ford\", \"Focus\", 8000)"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Use the provided Car class."},"1":{"message":"Create Car objects with make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Each Car object should keep its own make, model, and miles values."},"3":{"message":"Create at least two Car objects."}},"sourceChecks":{}},"try_thinking_in_objects_sketch1":{"title":"Read attributes from existing objects","prompt":"Two `Car` objects are already created in `main.py`. Use dot notation to print the `make` attribute directly from `corolla_car`, then print the `miles` attribute directly from `mazda_car`, each on its own line. Keep `models/car.py` unchanged.","hint":"Read each requested value from the existing object with dot notation.","help":{"concept":"An attribute is state stored on an object. Dot notation reads that state from a particular instance.","hint_1":"The first value comes from `corolla_car`'s `make` attribute.","hint_2":"The second value comes from `mazda_car`'s `miles` attribute."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\n# Print the requested attribute from each existing object.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\n# Print the requested attribute from each existing object.\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Read values from car objects.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\nprint(corolla_car.make)\nprint(mazda_car.miles)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncorolla_car = Car(\"Toyota\", \"Corolla\", 22000)\nmazda_car = Car(\"Mazda\", \"3\", 18000)\n\nprint(corolla_car.make)\nprint(mazda_car.miles)\n"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Use the provided Car class."},"1":{"message":"Create Car objects with make, model, and miles."},"2":{"message":"Each Car object should keep its own make, model, and miles values."},"3":{"message":"Create at least two Car objects."},"4":{"message":"Print the requested attributes on separate lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Toyota\n18000","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Print `corolla_car`'s `make` attribute directly with dot notation."},"1":{"message":"Print `mazda_car`'s `miles` attribute directly with dot notation."}}},"try_thinking_in_objects_sketch2":{"title":"Call methods on an existing object","prompt":"A `car` object is already created in `main.py`. Call `car.drive(50)` to change its mileage. Then print `car.summary()` directly so the output comes from the updated object. Keep `models/car.py` unchanged.","hint":"Change the existing object's state first, then ask that same object to summarize its current state.","help":{"concept":"Methods are behavior attached to objects. A method can change an object's state, and another method can report the updated state.","hint_1":"Use the existing variable `car`; do not create a replacement object.","hint_2":"Call the state-changing method before printing the summary."},"starterCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\n\n# Drive the car 50 miles.\n# Then print the updated summary.","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\n\n# Drive the car 50 miles.\n# Then print the updated summary."},"models_car_py":{"content":"# Keep models/car.py unchanged for this step: Call a method on one car object.\nclass Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.car import Car\n\ncar = Car(\"Kia\", \"Soul\", 30000)\ncar.drive(50)\n\nprint(car.summary())"},"models_car_py":{"content":"class Car:\n def __init__(self, make, model, miles):\n self.make = make\n self.model = model\n self.miles = miles\n\n def drive(self, miles):\n self.miles += miles\n return self.miles\n\n def summary(self):\n return f\"{self.make} {self.model} - {self.miles} miles\""}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Use the provided Car class."},"1":{"message":"After drive(50), summary() should show the updated miles."},"2":{"message":"Create one Car object."},"3":{"message":"Print the updated car summary."}},"expectedOutput":"Kia Soul - 30050 miles","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `drive(50)` on the existing `car` object."},"1":{"message":"Print `car.summary()` directly so the output comes from the updated object."}}}},"practice":{"mc-thinking-in-objects-object-idea":{"title":"Why use objects?","prompt":"Which two statements correctly describe objects in this lesson? Choose all that apply.","hint":"Think about one program thing keeping its related values and actions together.","help":{"concept":"An object represents one thing in a program. It can store values and offer methods that work with those values.","hint_1":"Look for choices about grouping related data and behavior.","hint_2":"Reject choices that say all objects share one state or that objects are only about printing output."},"options":{"a":"Objects help model things the program cares about.","b":"An object can keep related values and useful behavior together.","c":"Every object from one class must share the exact same state forever.","d":"Objects are only useful when the program prints text."}},"sc-thinking-in-objects-attribute-meaning":{"title":"What is an attribute?","prompt":"In this topic, what does an attribute mean?","hint":"Think about values like a car's make, model, or miles.","help":{"concept":"An attribute is a value stored on one specific object.","hint_1":"Dot notation reads an attribute from an object.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about a value stored on one object."},"options":{"a":"A value stored on a specific object.","b":"A file that always runs before main.py.","c":"A kind of loop.","d":"A comment that explains a class."}},"fb-thinking-in-objects-method-call":{"title":"Trace a method change","prompt":"A `Car` object starts with `miles = 30000`. The program calls `car.drive(50)`. What should `car.miles` be afterward?","hint":"The method adds the traveled distance to the object's current mileage.","help":{"concept":"A state-changing method updates data stored on the object.","hint_1":"Start with 30000 and add 50.","hint_2":"The updated mileage is 30050."},"options":{"a":"30000","b":"30050","c":"50","d":"29950"}},"dr-thinking-in-objects-workflow":{"title":"Order the object workflow","prompt":"Put these steps in the usual order for working with an object.","hint":"Start by creating the object before reading or changing it.","help":{"concept":"A clear object workflow is: create an object, read attributes when needed, call methods when behavior is needed, then print or use the result.","hint_1":"An object must exist before you can read from it.","hint_2":"Printing the result comes after the object is created and updated."},"tokens":{"t1":"Create the object with starting values","t2":"Read an attribute from the object","t3":"Call a method on that object","t4":"Print or use the object's current state"}},"practice-book-object-description":{"title":"Create an object with its own data","prompt":"Define a `Book` class whose constructor stores `title` and `pages`. Add a `description()` method that returns `<title> - <pages> pages`. Create `Book(\"Orbit\", 240)` and print its description.","hint":"Store the constructor arguments on `self`, then let the method read those attributes.","help":{"concept":"An object bundles related state with behavior that uses that state.","hint_1":"Store the constructor arguments on `self`, then let the method read those attributes.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n # store both values\n pass\n\n def description(self):\n # return the formatted description\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n # store both values\n pass\n\n def description(self):\n # return the formatted description\n pass\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n self.title = title\n self.pages = pages\n\n def description(self):\n return f\"{self.title} - {self.pages} pages\"\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title, pages):\n self.title = title\n self.pages = pages\n\n def description(self):\n return f\"{self.title} - {self.pages} pages\"\n\nbook = Book(\"Orbit\", 240)\nprint(book.description())\n"}}},"practice-two-pet-instances":{"title":"Keep separate state in two objects","prompt":"Define a `Pet` class that stores `name` and `sound`, with a `speak()` method returning `<name>: <sound>`. Create `Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")` and `Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")`, then print both `speak()` results.","hint":"Each instance should store its own `name` and `sound` attributes.","help":{"concept":"Different instances of the same class keep separate state while sharing the same method definitions.","hint_1":"Each instance should store its own `name` and `sound` attributes.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n pass\n\n def speak(self):\n pass\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n pass\n\n def speak(self):\n pass\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n self.name = name\n self.sound = sound\n\n def speak(self):\n return f\"{self.name}: {self.sound}\"\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Pet:\n def __init__(self, name, sound):\n self.name = name\n self.sound = sound\n\n def speak(self):\n return f\"{self.name}: {self.sound}\"\n\nfirst = Pet(\"Milo\", \"meow\")\nsecond = Pet(\"Rex\", \"woof\")\nprint(first.speak())\nprint(second.speak())\n"}}},"practice-task-state-method":{"title":"Let a method change object state","prompt":"Define a `Task` class that stores `title` and starts with `done = False`. Add `complete()` so it sets `done` to `True`. Create one task, call `complete()`, and print its `title` and `done` value on separate lines.","hint":"The method should update `self.done` on the existing object.","help":{"concept":"Methods can change the state stored on an object, allowing the object to manage related data and behavior together.","hint_1":"The method should update `self.done` on the existing object.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n # store title and start done as False\n pass\n\n def complete(self):\n # mark this task complete\n pass\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n # store title and start done as False\n pass\n\n def complete(self):\n # mark this task complete\n pass\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n self.done = True\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Task:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n self.done = False\n\n def complete(self):\n self.done = True\n\ntask = Task(\"Submit report\")\ntask.complete()\nprint(task.title)\nprint(task.done)\n"}}}}}},"python-9-inheritance-polymorphism-and-abstraction":{"abstraction-with-base-interfaces":{"label":"Abstract Base Classes and Interfaces","summary":"Use `ABC` and `@abstractmethod` to make a shared method requirement enforceable, then make a subclass concrete by implementing that method.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Define an enforceable contract"},"sketch1":{"title":"Make a child concrete"},"sketch2":{"title":"Program to shared behavior"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_abstraction_with_base_interfaces_sketch0":{"title":"Make CatalogItem an abstract contract","prompt":"`main.py` is already complete. In `models/catalog_item.py`, import `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`, make `CatalogItem` inherit from `ABC`, and decorate `label(self)` with `@abstractmethod`. Keep the existing constructor that stores `title`. Leave `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"The class must use `ABC`, and the required `label()` method needs the `@abstractmethod` decorator.","help":{"concept":"An abstract base class can enforce that related concrete subclasses implement a required method.","hint_1":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`.","hint_2":"Place `@abstractmethod` directly above `label(self)`."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"# Import ABC and abstractmethod from abc.\n\nclass CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n # Make label() an abstract method.\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Book is used in the next step; leave it unchanged for now.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass IncompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n pass\n\n\nclass CompleteItem(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n\n\nfor item_class, name in (\n (CatalogItem, \"CatalogItem\"),\n (IncompleteItem, \"IncompleteItem\"),\n):\n try:\n item_class(\"Blocked\")\n except TypeError:\n print(f\"{name} blocked\")\n\nprint(CompleteItem(\"Ready\").label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Book is used in the next step.\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define CatalogItem in models/catalog_item.py."},"1":{"message":"CatalogItem should be abstract so Python refuses to instantiate it."}},"expectedOutput":"CatalogItem blocked\nIncompleteItem blocked\nReady","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from Python's `abc` module."},"1":{"message":"Make `CatalogItem` inherit from `ABC`."},"2":{"message":"Decorate `label(self)` with `@abstractmethod`."}}},"try_abstraction_with_base_interfaces_sketch1":{"title":"Fulfill the abstract contract in Book","prompt":"`CatalogItem` is already abstract and its constructor already stores `title`. In `models/book.py`, keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem` and implement the required `label(self)` method so it returns `Book: ` followed by that object's title. Do not add another constructor; `Book` should inherit the parent's constructor. Leave `models/catalog_item.py` and `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Implement the required method directly on `Book`. Once `label()` exists, Python can instantiate the child.","help":{"concept":"A subclass remains abstract until it implements every required abstract method. Shared constructor setup can still be inherited.","hint_1":"Keep `class Book(CatalogItem)`.","hint_2":"Define only `label(self)` and use the inherited `self.title`."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n # Implement the required label() method.\n pass\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n # TODO: return Movie: <title>.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n\ntry:\n CatalogItem(title)\nexcept TypeError:\n print(\"CatalogItem blocked\")\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"`Book.label()` should use the object's actual inherited title."},"1":{"message":"`Book.label()` should work for other valid titles too."},"2":{"message":"Print both concrete labels."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Coraline\nCatalogItem blocked","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` inheriting from the abstract `CatalogItem` contract."},"1":{"message":"Implement the required `label(self)` method on `Book`."}}},"try_abstraction_with_base_interfaces_sketch2":{"title":"Use a helper that trusts the interface","prompt":"Complete `show_labels(items)` in `services/catalog_view.py`. Return one string with each item's `label()` on its own line. The helper does not need `isinstance` checks; it depends only on the shared behavior. `main.py` is already wired to print the returned string.","hint":"Collect each `item.label()` result and join them with `\"\\n\"`.","help":{"concept":"The ABC enforces the contract for this family of classes. The helper itself uses Python's duck-typing style: it only needs each object to provide `label()`.","hint_1":"Use `\"\\n\".join(...)` so there is no extra blank line.","hint_2":"Do not print inside the helper; return one string."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided script after completing show_labels.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided script after completing show_labels.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_view_py":{"content":"def show_labels(items):\n # TODO: return one string with each item.label() on its own line.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_view import show_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\"), Movie(\"Moana\")]\nprint(show_labels(items))\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\nclass CatalogItem(ABC):\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n @abstractmethod\n def label(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title):\n super().__init__(title)\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_view_py":{"content":"def show_labels(items):\n return \"\\n\".join(item.label() for item in items)\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both labels so main.py prints two lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Dune\nMovie: Moana"}},"practice":{"sc-interface-purpose":{"title":"What does the abstract contract enforce?","prompt":"What does `ABC` together with `@abstractmethod` add to `CatalogItem`?","hint":"Think about what Python prevents when required behavior is missing.","help":{"concept":"An abstract base class can prevent incomplete classes from being instantiated.","hint_1":"The contract is about required behavior.","hint_2":"Concrete subclasses can still implement that behavior differently."},"options":{"a":"Python blocks instantiation while a required abstract method is unresolved.","b":"Every subclass must return exactly the same label text.","c":"The abstract parent can no longer store shared state.","d":"Subclasses are no longer allowed to inherit methods."}},"fb-interface-method-name":{"title":"Mark the required method","prompt":"Complete the decorator that marks `label()` as required.","hint":"It comes from Python's `abc` module.","help":{"concept":"`@abstractmethod` marks behavior that concrete subclasses must implement.","hint_1":"The decorator begins with `@`.","hint_2":"Its name combines `abstract` and `method`."},"template":"[blank1]\ndef label(self):\n pass","choices":["@abstractmethod","@staticmethod","@classmethod","@property"]},"dr-interface-build-order":{"title":"Order the ABC workflow","prompt":"Put these steps in a clear order.","hint":"Declare the contract before creating concrete child objects.","help":{"concept":"Import the ABC tools, define the abstract parent, implement the method in children, then use the objects through shared behavior.","hint_1":"Imports come first.","hint_2":"The helper comes after concrete implementations exist."},"tokens":{"t1":"Import `ABC` and `abstractmethod`","t2":"Define the abstract method on the base class","t3":"Implement the method in each concrete child","t4":"Call the shared method from a helper"}},"sc-interface-helper-focus":{"title":"What happens to an incomplete child?","prompt":"`CatalogItem.label()` is abstract. `DraftItem(CatalogItem)` does not implement `label()`. What happens when code tries to create `DraftItem(\"Notes\")`?","hint":"The child still has an unresolved abstract method.","help":{"concept":"A subclass remains abstract until it implements every required abstract method.","hint_1":"Inheritance alone does not make the child concrete.","hint_2":"Python blocks construction of an incomplete child."},"options":{"a":"Python creates the object and uses `pass` as its label.","b":"Python raises `TypeError` because the child is still abstract.","c":"Python automatically copies a `label()` implementation into the child.","d":"Python removes `CatalogItem` from the inheritance chain."}},"ci-catalog-add-audio-subclass":{"title":"Add an audio item that fits the contract","prompt":"The catalog is expanding again. Add an `Audio` subclass that fits the same base-class contract used by the report service.\n\nTasks:\n- In `models/audio.py`, create `Audio(BaseItem)`.\n- Its constructor should accept `title` and `speaker`, call `super().__init__(title)`, and store `speaker`.\n- Override `display_line()` to return `Audio: <title> by <speaker>`.\n- Do not change `services/report_service.py` or `main.py`.\n\nClick Run and confirm the output panel shows lines for a book, a video, and the new audio item.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_line(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\"\n"},"models_audio_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Audio(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, speaker):\n pass\n\n def display_line(self):\n pass\n"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"def build_report(items):\n lines = []\n for item in items:\n lines.append(item.display_line())\n return lines\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom models.audio import Audio\nfrom services.report_service import build_report\n\nitems = [\n Book(\"Atomic Habits\", \"James Clear\"),\n Video(\"Study Skills\", 15),\n Audio(\"Focus Session\", \"Maya Lee\")\n]\n\nfor line in build_report(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_line(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title} by {self.author}\"\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\"\n"},"models_audio_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Audio(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, speaker):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.speaker = speaker\n\n def display_line(self):\n return f\"Audio: {self.title} by {self.speaker}\"\n"},"services_report_service_py":{"content":"def build_report(items):\n lines = []\n for item in items:\n lines.append(item.display_line())\n return lines\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define the Audio class."},"1":{"message":"Audio should be constructible with title and speaker."},"2":{"message":"Audio should store title and speaker."},"3":{"message":"Audio.display_line() should match the shared report contract."}}},"ci-catalog-baseitem-checkout":{"title":"Add a checkout message contract","prompt":"Practice a shared checkout-message contract in a small media catalog. In `models/base_item.py`, add `checkout_message()` that returns `<title> is ready`. In `models/book.py`, override it to return `Borrow book: <title>`. In `models/video.py`, override it to return `Play video: <title>`. Keep `services/checkout_service.py` generic so it loops through mixed objects and calls the shared method.","hint":"Read the task \"Add a checkout message contract\" and identify the required result.","help":{"concept":"This coding exercise checks whether your code produces the requested result for: \"Add a checkout message contract\".","hint_1":"Use the statement or expression that matches the required behavior in the code editor.","hint_2":"Click Run and compare the output panel with the expected result."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n pass\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n pass\n"},"services_checkout_service_py":{"content":"def collect_messages(items):\n messages = []\n for item in items:\n messages.append(item.checkout_message())\n return messages\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.checkout_service import collect_messages\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", \"Frank Herbert\"), Video(\"Safety Training\", 12)]\nfor line in collect_messages(items):\n print(line)\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n return f\"{self.title} is ready\"\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n return f\"Borrow book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def checkout_message(self):\n return f\"Play video: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_checkout_service_py":{"content":"def collect_messages(items):\n messages = []\n for item in items:\n messages.append(item.checkout_message())\n return messages\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"BaseItem.checkout_message() should return the generic message."},"1":{"message":"Book.checkout_message() should return the book-specific message."},"2":{"message":"Video.checkout_message() should return the video-specific message."}}},"ci-catalog-export-labels":{"title":"Build export labels from mixed items","prompt":"The catalog app now needs export labels for storage. Finish the service so it works with mixed objects through the shared contract.\n\nTasks:\n- Keep `export_label()` in the base class and both subclasses.\n- In `services/export_service.py`, complete `join_labels(items)` so it returns one string with labels joined by ` | `.\n- The service must call `item.export_label()` on each object in the list.\n\nDo not change `main.py`. Click Run and check the output panel for the joined label string.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def export_label(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"BOOK-{self.title}\""},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"VIDEO-{self.title}\""},"services_export_service_py":{"content":"def join_labels(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class BaseItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def export_label(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Book(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"BOOK-{self.title}\""},"models_video_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import BaseItem\n\nclass Video(BaseItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def export_label(self):\n return f\"VIDEO-{self.title}\""},"services_export_service_py":{"content":"def join_labels(items):\n labels = []\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.export_label())\n return \" | \".join(labels)"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.video import Video\nfrom services.export_service import join_labels\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"), Video(\"Git Basics\", 25)]\nprint(join_labels(items))","checks":{"0":{"message":"join_labels() should join export labels from mixed items in order."}}}}},"inheritance-for-shared-behavior":{"label":"Inheritance for Shared Behavior","summary":"Use a parent class for genuinely shared state and behavior, then call `super().__init__` when a child constructor adds specialized state.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Inherit shared setup and behavior"},"sketch1":{"title":"Add child state with super()"},"sketch2":{"title":"Extend a parent method"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_inheritance_for_shared_behavior_sketch0":{"title":"Make Book inherit shared behavior","prompt":"`CatalogItem` already owns the shared `title` constructor and `label()` method. In `models/book.py`, make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem`. Do not add a `Book.__init__` or `Book.label()` yet; this exercise is about reusing the parent's existing setup and behavior. Leave `main.py` and `models/catalog_item.py` unchanged.","hint":"Put the parent class in parentheses in the `Book` class header.","help":{"concept":"A child class inherits available parent behavior. With no child constructor or label method, `Book` can use the parent's versions.","hint_1":"The parent class is `CatalogItem`.","hint_2":"Change only the `Book` class header; keep the body as `pass`."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n# Make Book inherit from CatalogItem.\nclass Book:\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n pass\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` defined in `models/book.py`."},"1":{"message":"The inherited parent constructor should make `Book(title)` constructible."},"2":{"message":"A `Book` should inherit the parent's `title` state."},"3":{"message":"A `Book` should inherit the parent's `label()` behavior."}},"expectedOutput":"Dune","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem` in the class header."}}},"try_inheritance_for_shared_behavior_sketch1":{"title":"Add Book-specific state with super()","prompt":"`Book` already inherits from `CatalogItem`. In `models/book.py`, define `__init__(self, title, author)`. Call `super().__init__(title)` so the parent owns the shared title setup, then store the Book-specific author on `self.author`. Do not duplicate `self.title = title` inside `Book`. Leave `main.py` and `models/catalog_item.py` unchanged.","hint":"Let the parent initialize the shared title first, then store only the child-specific author.","help":{"concept":"`super().__init__` lets a child constructor reuse parent setup instead of copying the parent's initialization logic.","hint_1":"Call the parent constructor with the shared `title` value.","hint_2":"After the super call, assign `author` to `self.author`."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n # Call the parent constructor for the shared title setup.\n # Then store the Book-specific author.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nauthor = input()\nbook = Book(title, author)\n\nprint(book.title)\nprint(book.author)\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` defined in `models/book.py`."},"1":{"message":"`Book` should accept both shared title and child-specific author state."},"2":{"message":"The finished `Book` should contain both inherited title and author state."},"3":{"message":"The constructor should work for other valid book data too."},"4":{"message":"Inherited and child-specific state should remain available on unseen data."}},"expectedOutput":"The Martian\nAndy Weir","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem`."},"1":{"message":"Call `super().__init__(title)` for the shared parent setup."},"2":{"message":"Store the child-specific `author` on `self.author`."}}},"try_inheritance_for_shared_behavior_sketch2":{"title":"Extend a parent method with super()","prompt":"Add `label(self)` to `Book`. Start with `base_label = super().label()`, then return `f\"{base_label} by {self.author}\"`. In `main.py`, create `Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")` and print its label.","hint":"Call `super().label()` to reuse the parent result before adding the author.","help":{"concept":"A child can override a method and still reuse the parent implementation. `super().label()` gets the parent result; the child adds its specialized detail.","hint_1":"Keep the Book constructor that calls `super().__init__(title)`.","hint_2":"Return the parent label followed by ` by ` and the author."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\n# Create The Hobbit and print the extended label.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\n# Create Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\").\n# Print book.label().\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n # TODO: reuse the parent label and add the author.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")\nprint(book.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"The Hobbit\", \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def label(self):\n base_label = super().label()\n return f\"{base_label} by {self.author}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Book should accept title and author."},"1":{"message":"Book.label() should extend the parent label with the author."},"2":{"message":"Create the Book object in main.py."},"3":{"message":"Print the extended label."}},"expectedOutput":"The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien"}},"practice":{"sc-inheritance-shared-work":{"title":"When does a parent class help?","prompt":"When is inheritance a good fit for shared setup?","hint":"Use a parent for behavior or state that is genuinely common to related child classes.","help":{"concept":"Inheritance is useful when related classes can reuse meaningful shared state or behavior.","hint_1":"The shared code should belong naturally to the parent concept.","hint_2":"Do not introduce inheritance just to avoid a few unrelated lines."},"options":{"a":"Whenever two unrelated classes happen to contain the same number of lines.","b":"When related classes genuinely share state or behavior that belongs in one parent.","c":"Whenever every child must eventually produce identical output.","d":"Only when no objects will ever be created."}},"fb-inheritance-subclass-name":{"title":"Reuse the parent constructor","prompt":"Complete the child constructor so it delegates the shared `title` setup to the parent.","hint":"Use the function that gives access to the next implementation in the inheritance chain.","help":{"concept":"`super()` lets the child reuse parent initialization without naming or copying the parent implementation.","hint_1":"The call is followed by `.__init__(title)`.","hint_2":"Include the parentheses in `super()`."},"template":"[blank1].__init__(title)","choices":["super()","self","CatalogItem()","parent"]},"dr-inheritance-build-order":{"title":"Order a child constructor","prompt":"Put these steps in a clear order.","hint":"Connect the child to the parent before adding child-only state.","help":{"concept":"The child class inherits first, then its constructor calls the parent setup, then it stores specialized state.","hint_1":"The class header comes first.","hint_2":"Call super before using the completed object."},"tokens":{"t1":"Define the child class with the parent in parentheses","t2":"Define the child constructor","t3":"Call `super().__init__(...)` for shared setup","t4":"Store the child-specific attributes"}},"sc-inheritance-method-reuse":{"title":"Place shared and specialized state","prompt":"`CatalogItem` stores `title`, while only `Book` has an `author`. Which design best matches those responsibilities?","hint":"Put genuinely shared state on the parent and child-only state on the child.","help":{"concept":"A parent owns shared state; a child adds only the state or behavior that makes it more specific.","hint_1":"Every catalog item needs a title.","hint_2":"Only books need the author field in this example."},"options":{"a":"Store both title and author only on `CatalogItem`, even for non-books.","b":"Store title independently in every child and leave the parent empty.","c":"Let `CatalogItem` initialize title, then let `Book` add author after calling `super().__init__(title)`.","d":"Put both values in `main.py` and keep them off the objects."}},"ci-inheritance-mixed-count-service":{"title":"Count mixed catalog items with one shared method","prompt":"You are building a quick inventory summary. `Book` and `Movie` should both inherit from `CatalogItem`, and `CatalogItem` should define `is_available()` that returns `True` when `stock > 0`. In `services/inventory_service.py`, complete `count_available(items)` so it returns how many objects in the mixed list are available. In `main.py`, use `Book(\"Dune\", 3)` and `Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)` and print the count. This matters because one shared base method lets a service work across different subclasses.","hint":"Give both subclasses the same inherited availability rule, then count how many return `True`.","help":{"concept":"A shared base-class method creates a common contract for subclasses. Services can then loop through mixed objects and call the same method on each one.","hint_1":"`is_available()` should check the stored `stock` value in the base class.","hint_2":"In the service function, increase the count only when `item.is_available()` is true."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, stock):\n self.title = title\n self.stock = stock\n\n def is_available(self):\n return self.stock > 0"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"services_inventory_service_py":{"content":"def count_available(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, stock):\n self.title = title\n self.stock = stock\n\n def is_available(self):\n return self.stock > 0"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n pass"},"services_inventory_service_py":{"content":"def count_available(items):\n return sum(1 for item in items if item.is_available())"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.inventory_service import count_available\n\nitems = [Book(\"Dune\", 3), Movie(\"Arrival\", 0)]\nprint(count_available(items))","checks":{"0":{"message":"Book should inherit is_available() and return True when stock is above zero."},"1":{"message":"Movie should inherit is_available() and return False when stock is zero."},"2":{"message":"count_available(items) should count available objects in a mixed list."}}},"ci-inheritance-shared-price-method":{"title":"Share a discount method through inheritance","prompt":"You are updating prices in a shop catalog. In `models/base_item.py`, complete `CatalogItem` so it stores `title` and `price`, and add `discounted_price(percent)` that returns the reduced price. In `models/book.py`, make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem` and add `author`. In `main.py`, create `Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")` and print the result of `discounted_price(20)`. This matters because shared business rules belong in the base class instead of being copied into every subclass.","hint":"Use the lesson explanation and the wording of this question to narrow the answer.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n pass\n\n def discounted_price(self, percent):\n pass\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, price, author):\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\nbook = Book(\"Clean Code\", 30, \"Robert C. Martin\")\nprint(book.discounted_price(20))\n"},"models_base_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title, price):\n self.title = title\n self.price = price\n\n def discounted_price(self, percent):\n return self.price * (1 - percent / 100)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.base_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, price, author):\n super().__init__(title, price)\n self.author = author\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `Book` inherit from `CatalogItem` in the class header."}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Define CatalogItem in models/base_item.py."},"1":{"message":"Define Book in models/book.py."},"2":{"message":"A Book should inherit discounted_price() from CatalogItem and calculate the reduced price correctly."}}},"practice-inherit-shared-label":{"title":"Inherit a shared label method","prompt":"Define a base class `Vehicle` that stores `name` and has `label()` returning `Vehicle: <name>`. Define `Bike(Vehicle)` without rewriting `label()`. Create `Bike(\"Comet\")` and print its inherited label.","hint":"The subclass can use the base constructor and method without defining them again.","help":{"concept":"Inheritance lets a subclass reuse behavior that is genuinely shared with its base class.","hint_1":"The subclass can use the base constructor and method without defining them again.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n # store the shared name\n pass\n\n def label(self):\n # return Vehicle: <name>\n pass\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n # store the shared name\n pass\n\n def label(self):\n # return Vehicle: <name>\n pass\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Vehicle: {self.name}\"\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class Vehicle:\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Vehicle: {self.name}\"\n\nclass Bike(Vehicle):\n pass\n\nbike = Bike(\"Comet\")\nprint(bike.label())\n"}}}}},"module-9-greenhouse-sensor-project":{"label":"Module 9 Greenhouse Sensor Project","summary":"Build a greenhouse monitor that lets temperature and humidity sensors share one contract and one reporting flow.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Project story"},"project":{"title":"Greenhouse Sensor Monitor"}},"projectSteps":{"greenhouse_project_step_1_base_and_temperature":{"title":"Milestone 1: Build the Sensor contract"},"greenhouse_project_step_2_add_humidity_override":{"title":"Milestone 2: Add HumiditySensor"},"greenhouse_project_step_3_mixed_sensor_loop":{"title":"Milestone 3: Use one polymorphic sensor loop"},"greenhouse_project_step_4_monitor_class_report":{"title":"Milestone 4: Give the monitor collection ownership"}},"moduleProject":{"steps":{"greenhouse_project_step_1_base_and_temperature":{"title":"Milestone 1: build the abstract Sensor contract","prompt":"Complete the first greenhouse milestone. In `models/sensor.py`, make `Sensor` inherit from `ABC`, keep the constructor that stores `zone`, and make `reading(self)` an `@abstractmethod`. In `models/temperature_sensor.py`, keep `TemperatureSensor(Sensor)`, call `super().__init__(zone)`, store `celsius`, and implement `reading()` so it returns `Temperature: <zone> = <value> C`. In `main.py`, create the sensor from the provided input values and print its reading. Leave the future humidity/monitor placeholder files unchanged.","hint":"Retrieve the patterns from the inheritance and ABC lessons: the parent owns shared `zone` setup; the concrete child supplies `reading()`.","help":{"concept":"This milestone combines an enforceable abstract contract with shared parent setup and one concrete implementation.","hint_1":"Import `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`.","hint_2":"Use `super().__init__(zone)` instead of copying `self.zone = zone` into the child."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\n# Create the TemperatureSensor and print its reading.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\n# Create the TemperatureSensor and print its reading.\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"# Make Sensor an abstract base class with a required reading() method.\nclass Sensor:\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n # Reuse Sensor's zone setup, then store celsius.\n pass\n\n def reading(self):\n # Return: Temperature: <zone> = <celsius> C\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"TemperatureSensor should be concrete and constructible."},"1":{"message":"Keep shared `zone` state and child-specific `celsius` state."},"2":{"message":"TemperatureSensor.reading() must use the object's actual state."},"3":{"message":"TemperatureSensor.reading() must work for other valid readings."},"4":{"message":"TemperatureSensor should accept zone and celsius."},"5":{"message":"TemperatureSensor should store its state and return the expected reading."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Import both `ABC` and `abstractmethod` from `abc`."},"1":{"message":"Make `Sensor` inherit from `ABC`."},"2":{"message":"Make `reading(self)` an abstract method."},"3":{"message":"Keep `TemperatureSensor` inheriting from `Sensor`."},"4":{"message":"Reuse the parent constructor with `super().__init__(zone)`."},"5":{"message":"Implement the concrete `reading(self)` method."}}},"greenhouse_project_step_2_add_humidity_override":{"title":"Milestone 2: add a second concrete sensor","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 1 workspace. Complete `models/humidity_sensor.py` with `HumiditySensor(Sensor)`. Its constructor must call `super().__init__(zone)` and store `percent`; `reading(self)` must return `Humidity: <zone> = <percent>%`. Update `main.py` to read the provided temperature and humidity values, create both sensor objects, and print both readings. Keep the existing `Sensor` and `TemperatureSensor` implementations unchanged.","hint":"HumiditySensor follows the same inherited setup contract as TemperatureSensor, but owns different child state and output.","help":{"concept":"Sibling subclasses can reuse the same parent setup while specializing the same required method.","hint_1":"Use `class HumiditySensor(Sensor)`.","hint_2":"Call `super().__init__(zone)` before storing `percent`."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\n\nzone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\n\nsensor = TemperatureSensor(zone, celsius)\nprint(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 2.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the completed TemperatureSensor behavior working."},"1":{"message":"HumiditySensor should be concrete and constructible."},"2":{"message":"Keep shared `zone` state and child-specific `percent` state."},"3":{"message":"HumiditySensor.reading() must use the object's actual state."},"4":{"message":"HumiditySensor.reading() must work for other valid readings."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C\nHumidity: Seedling Bench = 64%","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Make `HumiditySensor` inherit from `Sensor`."},"1":{"message":"Reuse the shared parent setup with `super().__init__(zone)`."},"2":{"message":"Implement the humidity-specific `reading(self)` method."}}},"greenhouse_project_step_3_mixed_sensor_loop":{"title":"Milestone 3: use one polymorphic sensor loop","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 2 workspace. In `main.py`, replace the two separate sensor variables/print calls with one `sensors` list containing the `TemperatureSensor` and `HumiditySensor`. Use one `for` loop over `sensors` and call the current object's shared `reading()` method. Do not branch with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate Temperature/Humidity cases. Keep all model files unchanged.","hint":"The caller should trust the `reading()` contract instead of asking which sensor subclass it received.","help":{"concept":"This milestone retrieves branch-free polymorphism: different objects, one shared method contract, one caller.","hint_1":"Create one mixed `sensors = [...]` list.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, use `sensor.reading()`."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\ntemperature = TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius)\nhumidity = HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent)\n\nprint(temperature.reading())\nprint(humidity.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep TemperatureSensor's specialized behavior working."},"1":{"message":"Keep HumiditySensor's specialized behavior working."},"2":{"message":"TemperatureSensor.reading() should still return the expected reading."},"3":{"message":"HumiditySensor.reading() should still return the expected reading."},"4":{"message":"Print both readings from one shared loop."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C\nHumidity: Seedling Bench = 64%","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use one `for` loop over the mixed `sensors` collection."},"1":{"message":"Call the shared `reading()` method inside the loop without concrete-type branching."}}},"greenhouse_project_step_4_monitor_class_report":{"title":"Milestone 4: give GreenhouseMonitor collection ownership","prompt":"Continue from the exact Milestone 3 workspace. Complete `models/greenhouse_monitor.py`. `GreenhouseMonitor.__init__()` must create an empty `self.sensors` list; `add_sensor(self, sensor)` must append the object; and `print_report(self)` must use one loop over `self.sensors` and print each object's shared `reading()` result. Update `main.py` so it creates the monitor, adds the temperature and humidity sensors, and calls `monitor.print_report()`. Do not branch on sensor types. Keep the completed Sensor subclasses unchanged.","hint":"Retrieve the responsibility boundary from Module 8: the monitor owns the collection; each sensor still owns how its own reading is formatted.","help":{"concept":"The final class owns collection coordination while remaining polymorphic—it depends only on each object's `reading()` behavior.","hint_1":"Initialize `self.sensors = []`.","hint_2":"Append in `add_sensor()` and call `sensor.reading()` inside one report loop."},"starterCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nsensors = [\n TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius),\n HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent),\n]\n\nfor sensor in sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"},"models_greenhouse_monitor_py":{"content":"# Added in Milestone 4.\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\nfrom models.greenhouse_monitor import GreenhouseMonitor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nmonitor = GreenhouseMonitor()\nmonitor.add_sensor(TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius))\nmonitor.add_sensor(HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent))\nmonitor.print_report()\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.temperature_sensor import TemperatureSensor\nfrom models.humidity_sensor import HumiditySensor\nfrom models.greenhouse_monitor import GreenhouseMonitor\n\ntemperature_zone = input()\ncelsius = float(input())\nhumidity_zone = input()\npercent = int(input())\n\nmonitor = GreenhouseMonitor()\nmonitor.add_sensor(TemperatureSensor(temperature_zone, celsius))\nmonitor.add_sensor(HumiditySensor(humidity_zone, percent))\nmonitor.print_report()\n"},"models___init___py":{"content":"# Package marker for greenhouse model imports.\n"},"models_sensor_py":{"content":"from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n\nclass Sensor(ABC):\n def __init__(self, zone):\n self.zone = zone\n\n @abstractmethod\n def reading(self):\n pass\n"},"models_temperature_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass TemperatureSensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, celsius):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.celsius = celsius\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Temperature: {self.zone} = {self.celsius} C\"\n"},"models_humidity_sensor_py":{"content":"from models.sensor import Sensor\n\n\nclass HumiditySensor(Sensor):\n def __init__(self, zone, percent):\n super().__init__(zone)\n self.percent = percent\n\n def reading(self):\n return f\"Humidity: {self.zone} = {self.percent}%\"\n"},"models_greenhouse_monitor_py":{"content":"class GreenhouseMonitor:\n def __init__(self):\n self.sensors = []\n\n def add_sensor(self, sensor):\n self.sensors.append(sensor)\n\n def print_report(self):\n for sensor in self.sensors:\n print(sensor.reading())\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"GreenhouseMonitor should be constructible without arguments."},"1":{"message":"Each monitor should own a `sensors` collection."},"2":{"message":"Keep the temperature subclass working after the monitor refactor."},"3":{"message":"Keep the humidity subclass working after the monitor refactor."}},"expectedOutput":"Temperature: North Bed = 21.5 C\nHumidity: Seedling Bench = 64%","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Define `GreenhouseMonitor` in its model file."},"1":{"message":"Give each monitor its own empty `sensors` list."},"2":{"message":"`add_sensor()` should append the object it receives."},"3":{"message":"`print_report()` should use one shared `reading()` call without concrete-type branching."}}}}}},"overriding-and-specialization":{"label":"Overriding and Specialization","summary":"Override inherited behavior by keeping the same public method name while a subclass supplies a more specific implementation.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Override inherited behavior"},"sketch1":{"title":"Override the method in one subclass"},"sketch2":{"title":"Specialize more than one subclass"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_overriding_and_specialization_sketch0":{"title":"Override label() on Book","prompt":"`Book` already inherits from `CatalogItem`, and `main.py` is complete. In `models/book.py`, override the inherited `label(self)` method so a `Book` returns `Book: ` followed by that object's title. Keep the method name `label`, keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem`, and leave `models/catalog_item.py` and `main.py` unchanged.","hint":"Define `label(self)` inside `Book`. The child method should use `self.title` and return the specialized text.","help":{"concept":"An override uses the same method name as the inherited method but provides subclass-specific behavior.","hint_1":"Keep `class Book(CatalogItem)` unchanged.","hint_2":"Define `label(self)` directly inside `Book` and use `self.title`."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n # Override label() here.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\n\ntitle = input()\nbook = Book(title)\n\nprint(book.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the parent `CatalogItem.label()` behavior unchanged."},"1":{"message":"`Book.label()` should specialize the visible title."},"2":{"message":"`Book.label()` should use the object's actual title, not a hard-coded example."},"3":{"message":"The override should work for other valid titles too."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Project Hail Mary","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep `Book` inheriting from `CatalogItem` so `label()` is a real override."},"1":{"message":"Define `label(self)` directly on `Book`."}}},"try_overriding_and_specialization_sketch1":{"title":"Override label() for Movie","prompt":"Use the same overriding pattern with another catalog type. In `models/movie.py`, override `label()` so `Movie(\"Inside Out\")` returns `Movie: Inside Out`. Then finish `main.py` by creating the movie and printing its label.","hint":"Book and Movie should both use `label()`, but each one can return a different kind of label.","help":{"concept":"Two subclasses can share a method name while producing different results. That sets up polymorphism in the next topic.","hint_1":"The method name should still be `label()`.","hint_2":"Return `Movie: ` followed by `self.title`."},"starterCode":"from models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create Movie(\"Inside Out\").\n# TODO: print the movie label.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create Movie(\"Inside Out\").\n# TODO: print the movie label.\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"# Keep models/catalog_item.py unchanged for this step: Override label() for Movie.\nclass CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n # TODO: override label() so it returns \"Movie: <title>\".\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.movie import Movie\n\nmovie = Movie(\"Inside Out\")\nprint(movie.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.movie import Movie\n\nmovie = Movie(\"Inside Out\")\nprint(movie.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Movie.label() should return the movie-specific label."}},"expectedOutput":"Movie: Inside Out"},"try_overriding_and_specialization_sketch2":{"title":"Print both specialized labels","prompt":"Now use both specialized child classes. The `Book` and `Movie` classes are provided. In `main.py`, create `Book(\"Coraline\")` and `Movie(\"Coco\")`, then print each object's `label()` result on its own line.","hint":"Create one Book and one Movie. Call `.label()` on each object.","help":{"concept":"The call looks the same for both objects, but each subclass decides what its own label should look like.","hint_1":"Use `book.label()` for the first line.","hint_2":"Use `movie.label()` for the second line."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create a Book for \"Coraline\".\n# TODO: create a Movie for \"Coco\".\n# TODO: print each object's label on its own line.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\n# TODO: create a Book for \"Coraline\".\n# TODO: create a Movie for \"Coco\".\n# TODO: print each object's label on its own line.\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"# Keep models/catalog_item.py unchanged for this step: Print both specialized labels.\nclass CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Keep models/book.py unchanged for this step: Print both specialized labels.\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"# Keep models/movie.py unchanged for this step: Print both specialized labels.\nfrom models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook = Book(\"Coraline\")\nmovie = Movie(\"Coco\")\nprint(book.label())\nprint(movie.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook = Book(\"Coraline\")\nmovie = Movie(\"Coco\")\nprint(book.label())\nprint(movie.label())\n"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return self.title\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Book(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass Movie(CatalogItem):\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Book.label() should stay specialized."},"1":{"message":"Movie.label() should stay specialized."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Coraline\nMovie: Coco"}},"practice":{"sc-overriding-purpose":{"title":"Why override an inherited method?","prompt":"`CatalogItem.label()` returns only the title. Why should `Book` override `label()` instead of inventing a different method name?","hint":"The caller should keep using the same public behavior.","help":{"concept":"Overriding preserves the inherited method contract while allowing the subclass to specialize its implementation.","hint_1":"The method name stays `label`.","hint_2":"The child can return a more specific result."},"options":{"a":"To stop `Book` from inheriting from `CatalogItem`","b":"To force callers to learn a new method name for every subclass","c":"To keep the `label()` contract while giving `Book` book-specific behavior","d":"To remove the title state inherited from `CatalogItem`"}},"fb-overriding-method-name":{"title":"Keep the inherited method name","prompt":"Complete the method name so `Book` overrides the method it inherits from `CatalogItem`.","hint":"An override uses the same method name as the parent.","help":{"concept":"Python recognizes the subclass implementation as an override because it uses the same method name.","hint_1":"The parent method is named `label`.","hint_2":"Do not rename it to `book_label`."},"template":"class Book(CatalogItem):\n def [blank1](self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"","choices":["label","book_label","title","__init__"]},"dr-overriding-workflow":{"title":"Order the override steps","prompt":"Put the beginner workflow in order.","hint":"Begin with the base method, then specialize it in subclasses.","help":{"concept":"It is easiest to override after the base behavior already exists.","hint_1":"The shared method comes first.","hint_2":"Printing the result comes after the subclass method is ready."},"tokens":{"t1":"Write `label()` in CatalogItem","t2":"Create `Book.label()` with a book-specific return value","t3":"Create `Movie.label()` with a movie-specific return value","t4":"Make objects and print both labels"}},"sc-overriding-shared-contract":{"title":"Which label() runs?","prompt":"`CatalogItem.label()` returns `self.title`, while `Book.label()` returns `Book: ` plus the title. What does `Book(\"Coraline\").label()` return?","hint":"Python looks on the subclass before falling back to the parent.","help":{"concept":"When a subclass overrides a method, calls on that subclass use the subclass implementation.","hint_1":"`Book` defines its own `label()`.","hint_2":"The result includes the `Book: ` prefix."},"options":{"a":"Coraline","b":"Book: Coraline","c":"CatalogItem: Coraline","d":"Python raises an error because both classes define `label()`"}},"catalog-step-book-and-movie":{"title":"Specialize labels for two catalog subclasses","prompt":"You are extending a media catalog. The base `CatalogItem` already stores `title`. Complete both subclasses so they reuse the parent constructor and override `display_name()`: `BookItem` should return `\"<title> by <author>\"`, and `MovieItem` should return `\"<title> (<minutes> min)\"`. The workspace already includes a small `main.py` that prints both labels.","hint":"Both subclasses share the same method name, but each one formats the result differently.","help":{"concept":"Different subclasses can override the same base method in different ways while still fitting the same base-class contract.","hint_1":"Use `super().__init__(title)` in both subclass constructors before storing the extra field.","hint_2":"Write one `display_name()` method in each subclass, each returning its own specialized string format."},"starterCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n pass"},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\""},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\n\nbook = BookItem(\"Clean Code\", \"Robert C. Martin\")\nmovie = MovieItem(\"Arrival\", 116)\nprint(book.display_name())\nprint(movie.display_name())","checks":{"0":{"message":"Define a BookItem class."},"1":{"message":"Define a MovieItem class."},"2":{"message":"BookItem.display_name() should return the book label."},"3":{"message":"MovieItem.display_name() should return the movie label."}}},"catalog-step-mixed-report":{"title":"Build a report from mixed specialized items","prompt":"Build a mixed catalog report without checking object types manually. The workspace includes a base `CatalogItem` plus `BookItem` and `MovieItem` subclasses that all provide `display_name()`. Complete `build_display_report(items)` in `services/reporting.py` so it returns each item's display label in order. `main.py` will print the returned lines.","hint":"Loop through the mixed list and call the same `display_name()` method on every item.","help":{"concept":"Polymorphic services work by calling the same method on mixed related objects, while overriding lets each subclass provide its own specialized output.","hint_1":"Make sure each subclass overrides `display_name()` correctly before writing the service loop.","hint_2":"In the service function, iterate through `items` and append `item.display_name()` for each object in order."},"starterCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\""},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\""},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def build_display_report(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)"},"models_catalog_item_py":{"content":"class CatalogItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return self.title"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass BookItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, author):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.author = author\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} by {self.author}\""},"models_movie_item_py":{"content":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\n\nclass MovieItem(CatalogItem):\n def __init__(self, title, minutes):\n super().__init__(title)\n self.minutes = minutes\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"{self.title} ({self.minutes} min)\""},"services_reporting_py":{"content":"def build_display_report(items):\n return [item.display_name() for item in items]"}},"solutionCode":"from models.catalog_item import CatalogItem\nfrom models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.movie_item import MovieItem\nfrom services.reporting import build_display_report\n\nitems = [\n CatalogItem(\"Notebook\"),\n BookItem(\"Refactoring\", \"Martin Fowler\"),\n MovieItem(\"Up\", 96),\n]\nfor line in build_display_report(items):\n print(line)"},"practice-specialized-display-label":{"title":"Override a display label in one subclass","prompt":"Define a base class `MediaItem` that stores `title` and has `display()` returning `Item: <title>`. Define `Song(MediaItem)` and override `display()` so it returns `Song: <title>`. Print the display text for one base item and one song.","hint":"Keep the shared version on the base class, then redefine only `display()` inside `Song`.","help":{"concept":"Overriding lets a subclass specialize one inherited behavior while keeping the rest of the shared base-class structure.","hint_1":"Keep the shared version on the base class, then redefine only `display()` inside `Song`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n # return Item: <title>\n pass\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n # return Song: <title>\n pass\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n # return Item: <title>\n pass\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n # return Song: <title>\n pass\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n"}},"solutionCode":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n return f\"Song: {self.title}\"\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"class MediaItem:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display(self):\n return f\"Item: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Song(MediaItem):\n def display(self):\n return f\"Song: {self.title}\"\n\nitem = MediaItem(\"Guide\")\nsong = Song(\"Sunrise\")\nprint(item.display())\nprint(song.display())\n"}}}}},"polymorphic-collections":{"label":"Polymorphic Collections","summary":"Use one shared method call across mixed objects so callers do not need type-specific branches.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"One loop, one shared method"},"sketch1":{"title":"Move the shared contract into a service"},"sketch2":{"title":"Move the loop into a helper"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_polymorphic_collections_sketch0":{"title":"Use one loop for Book and Movie","prompt":"`catalog` already contains one `Book` and one `Movie`, and both classes already provide `label()`. In `main.py`, use one `for` loop over `catalog`. Inside that loop, call the current object's shared `label()` method and print the returned label. Do not branch on the concrete type with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate Book/Movie cases.","hint":"The loop should trust the shared method. Each item can answer `label()` without the caller first asking what class it is.","help":{"concept":"Polymorphism lets one caller use the same method on different object types. The object itself chooses the appropriate implementation.","hint_1":"Loop directly over `catalog`.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, use the current object's `label()` result."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\n# Use one for loop over catalog.\n# Call the shared label() method for each item and print the result.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\n# Use one for loop over catalog.\n# Call the shared label() method for each item and print the result.\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\nfor item in catalog:\n print(item.label())\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\n\nbook_title = input()\nmovie_title = input()\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(book_title),\n Movie(movie_title),\n]\n\nfor item in catalog:\n print(item.label())\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the Book object in the mixed list."},"1":{"message":"Keep the Movie object in the mixed list."},"2":{"message":"Print both labels from the loop."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Coraline\nMovie: Arrival","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use one `for` loop over `catalog` so the same caller handles both object types."},"1":{"message":"Inside that loop, print the current object's `label()` result without branching on its concrete type."}}},"try_polymorphic_collections_sketch1":{"title":"Build a polymorphic catalog-report service","prompt":"`main.py`, `Book`, and `Movie` are already complete. In `services/catalog_report.py`, complete `build_labels(items)` so it returns one list containing each object's `label()` result in the same order as the input collection. Use one `for` loop over `items` and the shared `label()` method. The service must not branch on concrete types with `isinstance()`, `type()`, `__class__`, or separate Book/Movie cases.","hint":"The service should know only that each item has `label()`. It should not need to know which concrete class supplied that method.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic service depends on shared behavior. New compatible classes can be added without adding another type-specific branch.","hint_1":"Iterate over `items` and collect each item's `label()` result.","hint_2":"Return the finished list after the loop."},"starterCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n\n # Use one for loop over items.\n # Add each object's label() result to labels.\n\n return labels\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\nfirst_kind = input().strip().lower()\nfirst_title = input()\nsecond_title = input()\n\nif first_kind == \"movie\":\n catalog = [Movie(first_title), Book(second_title)]\nelse:\n catalog = [Book(first_title), Movie(second_title)]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.label())\n\n return labels\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both labels so main.py can print two lines."},"1":{"message":"Keep the Movie object in the mixed list."},"2":{"message":"Print both labels from the loop."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: Dune\nMovie: Arrival","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"`build_labels(items)` should use one shared `label()` call inside a loop and return the collected labels without concrete-type branches."}}},"try_polymorphic_collections_sketch2":{"title":"Return labels from a helper","prompt":"Complete `build_labels(items)` in `services/catalog_report.py`. It must loop through the supplied items, collect each `item.label()` result in order, and return the list. `main.py` is already wired to print the returned labels.","hint":"Start with an empty list, append `item.label()` inside a loop, and return the finished list.","help":{"concept":"A reusable helper can depend on the shared `label()` behavior without knowing whether an item is a Book or Movie.","hint_1":"Start with an empty list, append `item.label()` inside a loop, and return the finished list.","hint_2":"Use the requested file boundary as part of the solution contract."},"starterCode":"# Run this provided script after completing the helper.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"# Run this provided script after completing the helper.\nfrom models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"# Keep the provided Book model unchanged.\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"# Keep the provided Movie model unchanged.\nclass Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n # TODO: return a list containing item.label() for every item.\n pass\n"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book import Book\nfrom models.movie import Movie\nfrom services.catalog_report import build_labels\n\ncatalog = [\n Book(\"A Wrinkle in Time\"),\n Movie(\"Up\"),\n]\n\nfor label in build_labels(catalog):\n print(label)\n"},"models_book_py":{"content":"class Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n"},"models_movie_py":{"content":"class Movie:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def label(self):\n return f\"Movie: {self.title}\"\n"},"services_catalog_report_py":{"content":"def build_labels(items):\n labels = []\n for item in items:\n labels.append(item.label())\n return labels\n"}},"checks":{"0":{"message":"Return both labels so main.py can print two lines."}},"expectedOutput":"Book: A Wrinkle in Time\nMovie: Up"}},"practice":{"sc-polymorphism-mixed-list":{"title":"Why use the shared method?","prompt":"A list contains `Book` and `Movie` objects, and both provide `label()`. What is the main polymorphic advantage?","hint":"Think about what the caller no longer needs to know.","help":{"concept":"Polymorphism lets the caller depend on shared behavior instead of branching on each concrete class.","hint_1":"The caller can make the same method call for every item.","hint_2":"The object decides which implementation runs."},"options":{"a":"Every object in the list must be the same concrete class","b":"One caller can use `label()` without checking whether an item is a Book or Movie","c":"Python automatically converts every object into the parent class","d":"The loop no longer needs to call any methods"}},"fb-polymorphism-shared-call":{"title":"Recognize polymorphic callers","prompt":"Which TWO designs rely on the shared `label()` behavior instead of concrete-type branching?","hint":"Choose callers that treat every compatible object through the same method.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic caller asks for shared behavior. It does not need a separate Book path and Movie path.","hint_1":"A direct `item.label()` call is the shared contract.","hint_2":"Reject designs whose logic changes after checking the concrete class."},"template":"for item in catalog:\n print(item.[blank1]())","choices":["label","title","Book","super"],"options":{"a":"Loop through `catalog` and use each item's `label()` method","b":"Use `isinstance()` to choose a Book branch or Movie branch","c":"Pass the mixed collection to a helper that calls `label()` on each item","d":"Check `type(item)` and manually build a different label for every class"}},"dr-polymorphism-loop-order":{"title":"Order the loop steps","prompt":"Put these steps in order for a polymorphic helper.","hint":"Start with the list, then loop, then call the shared method.","help":{"concept":"A polymorphic helper follows a simple receive-loop-call-store pattern.","hint_1":"The list comes before the loop.","hint_2":"The append step happens after the method returns a value."},"tokens":{"t1":"Receive the mixed items list","t2":"Loop through each item","t3":"Call `item.label()`","t4":"Add the returned label to the results list"}},"sc-polymorphism-no-type-check":{"title":"Complete the shared call","prompt":"Complete the method name so the same loop works for every compatible object in `catalog`.","hint":"Use the method contract shared by Book and Movie.","help":{"concept":"The shared method name is what allows one loop to remain unaware of the concrete object type.","hint_1":"Both classes provide the same labeling behavior.","hint_2":"The loop should call `item.label()`."},"options":{"a":"Write a separate loop for every subclass forever","b":"Rename the method in each subclass so they are all different","c":"Check each object type before every method call","d":"Call the same method on each object in the mixed list"},"template":"for item in catalog:\n print(item.[blank1]())","choices":["label","book_label","movie_label","__class__"]},"project-polymorphic-collections-step4":{"title":"Add a new subclass without changing the service","prompt":"Add a `Magazine` object to a mixed collection that already contains book and video objects. Complete `Magazine.display_name()` so the same loop can call `display_name()` on every item and print three labels. The magazine label should be `Magazine: Science Weekly`.","hint":"Give `Magazine` the same method name used by the other objects in the collection.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())"},"models_magazine_py":{"content":"class Magazine:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())"},"models_magazine_py":{"content":"class Magazine:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Magazine: {self.title}\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.magazine import Magazine\n\nclass Book:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Book: {self.title}\"\n\nclass Video:\n def __init__(self, title):\n self.title = title\n def display_name(self):\n return f\"Video: {self.title}\"\n\nitems = [Book(\"Refactoring\"), Video(\"Git Basics\"), Magazine(\"Science Weekly\")]\nfor item in items:\n print(item.display_name())"},"project-polymorphic-collections-step5":{"title":"Build a checkout summary from mixed rentals","prompt":"A rental desk stores book and movie rentals in the same list. Complete `checkout_line()` in both classes so one loop can print a line for each object without checking its type. Use the formats `Book rental: <title> (<days> days)` and `Movie rental: <title> (<days> days)`.","hint":"Both classes need the same method name, but each can format its own label.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())"},"models_book_rental_py":{"content":"class BookRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n pass"},"models_movie_rental_py":{"content":"class MovieRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())"},"models_book_rental_py":{"content":"class BookRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n return f\"Book rental: {self.title} ({self.days} days)\""},"models_movie_rental_py":{"content":"class MovieRental:\n def __init__(self, title, days):\n self.title = title\n self.days = days\n\n def checkout_line(self):\n return f\"Movie rental: {self.title} ({self.days} days)\""}},"solutionCode":"from models.book_rental import BookRental\nfrom models.movie_rental import MovieRental\n\nrentals = [BookRental(\"Refactoring\", 7), MovieRental(\"Design Talk\", 3)]\nfor rental in rentals:\n print(rental.checkout_line())"},"project-polymorphic-collections-step6":{"title":"Create a stock alert service for mixed inventory items","prompt":"A store keeps book and supply objects in one inventory list. Complete each class's `alert_line()` method and `low_stock_lines(items)` so the service returns alerts only for objects whose `quantity` is below 3. The service should call the shared `alert_line()` method instead of checking item types.","hint":"Filter by the shared `quantity` attribute, then call `alert_line()` on each matching object.","help":{"concept":"This support text was repaired because the original wording revealed the answer too directly.","hint_1":"Compare the question to the lesson example and remove details that do not match the requested concept.","hint_2":"Use the role or evidence named in the prompt instead of relying on answer wording."},"starterCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"class BookItem:\n def __init__(self, title, quantity):\n self.title = title\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n pass"},"models_supply_item_py":{"content":"class SupplyItem:\n def __init__(self, name, quantity):\n self.name = name\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n pass"},"services_alert_service_py":{"content":"def low_stock_lines(items):\n pass"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)"},"models_book_item_py":{"content":"class BookItem:\n def __init__(self, title, quantity):\n self.title = title\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n return f\"LOW STOCK: Book {self.title} has {self.quantity} left\""},"models_supply_item_py":{"content":"class SupplyItem:\n def __init__(self, name, quantity):\n self.name = name\n self.quantity = quantity\n\n def alert_line(self):\n return f\"LOW STOCK: Supply {self.name} has {self.quantity} left\""},"services_alert_service_py":{"content":"def low_stock_lines(items):\n return [item.alert_line() for item in items if item.quantity < 3]"}},"solutionCode":"from models.book_item import BookItem\nfrom models.supply_item import SupplyItem\nfrom services.alert_service import low_stock_lines\n\nitems = [\n BookItem(\"API Design\", 2),\n SupplyItem(\"Sticky Notes\", 1),\n BookItem(\"Python Guide\", 5),\n]\nfor line in low_stock_lines(items):\n print(line)"}}}}},"python-data-functions":{"python-5-lists-tuples-and-dictionaries":{"creating-and-indexing-lists":{"label":"Kreye ak Endekse Lis","summary":"Kreye lis epi jwenn atik yo dapre pozisyon yo.","cards":{"course-introduction":{"title":"Course introduction"},"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon lis ye"},"sketch1":{"title":"Kijan endeksasyon mache"},"sketch2":{"title":"Itilize valè lis nan sòti"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Lis Debaz Pratik"}},"quiz":{"sc-first-index":{"title":"Endèks premye atik","prompt":"Ki endèks ki pran premye atik la nan yon lis Python?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"options":{"a":"Zewo","b":"Youn","c":"-Youn","d":"premye"}},"sc-whole-list":{"title":"Kreye yon lis","prompt":"Ki liy kòd la ki kreye kòrèkteman yon lis ki gen valè 3, 5, ak 7?","hint":"Chèche kwochè kare ki gen valè separe pa virg.","help":{"concept":"Lis Python yo ekri ak kròche kare alantou atik òdone ki separe pa virg.","hint_1":"Parantèz ak kròche kreye diferan kalite estrikti.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki itilize `[` ak `]` ak `3, 5, 7` andedan."},"options":{"a":"nimewo = [3, 5, 7]","b":"nimewo = 3, 5, 7, lis","c":"numbers = {3, 5, 7}","d":"numbers = \"3, 5, 7\""}},"mc-valid-index-expressions":{"title":"Aksè valab nan lis la","prompt":"Chwazi tout ekspresyon ki jwenn aksè kòrèkteman ak yon atik nan `letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]`.","hint":"Yon aksè valab itilize non lis la swiv pa yon endèks nan kwochè.","help":{"concept":"Pou jwenn yon atik nan lis la, Python itilize sentaks `list_name[index]` ak yon endèks nimerik.","hint_1":"Tcheke ki chwa ki itilize kwochè apre `letters`.","hint_2":"De chwa yo itilize modèl endeksasyon kòrèk la epi yo refere a pozisyon reyèl nan lis twa atik sa a."},"options":{"a":"lèt[0]","b":"lèt[2]","c":"lèt(1)"}},"mc-true-about-lists":{"title":"Reyalite sou lis","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou lis Python yo.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Lis kenbe bagay yo an lòd.","b":"Premye atik nan yon lis gen endèks 0.","c":"Lis yo dwe gen sèlman chif.","d":"Kranpon kare yo itilize pou kreye lis."}},"dr-build-list-line":{"title":"Konstwi lis la liy pa liy","prompt":"Mete jeton yo nan lòd pou kreye yon liy kòd ki estoke `\"pen\"`, `\"pencil\"`, ak `\"eraser\"` nan yon lis ki rele `items`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Atik","t2":"=","t3":"[","t4":"plim","t5":",","t6":"kreyon","t7":"bwòch","t8":"]"}},"dr-index-output-order":{"title":"Kòmande rezilta yo","prompt":"A program runs this code:\n\n`colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]`\n`print(colors[2])`\n`print(colors[0])`\n`print(colors[1])`\n\nArrange the printed lines in the order they appear in the output panel.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki mete aksyon Python an an plas.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste anvan yo apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"vèt","t2":"wouj","t3":"ble"}},"fb-second-item":{"title":"Chwazi dezyèm atik la.","prompt":"Konplete kòd la pou enprime dezyèm atik ki nan lis la.","hint":"Dezyèm atik la itilize endèks pou tèm ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Paske Python kòmanse endeksasyon nan 0, dezyèm atik la jwenn ak endèks tèm ki manke a.","hint_1":"Konte pozisyon yo kòm 0, tèm ki manke a, 2.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak endèks ki endike atik ki vin apre premye a."},"template":"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[[blank1]])","choices":["Zewo","Youn","de","twa"]},"fb-list-name":{"title":"Konplete lis la.","prompt":"Chwazi non varyab ki manke a pou lis la estoke nan`numbers`.","hint":"Se sèlman non ki devan `=` ki manke.","help":{"concept":"Nan yon asiyasyon, non varyab la ale sou bò gòch yon operatè asiyasyon (`=`) epi li resevwa valè lis la sou bò dwat.","hint_1":"Blank la ta dwe varyab ki pral kenbe valè a`[4, 8, 12]`.","hint_2":"Chwazi yon non varyab ki sansib, pa yon mo kle oswa yon fonksyon."},"template":"[blank1] = [4, 8, 12]","choices":["chif","Enprime","Endèks","lis()"]},"ci-print-first-last":{"title":"Enprime premye ak dènye atik lis la.","prompt":"Gen twa etikèt fwi ki vini youn apre lòt. Sere antre yo nan yon lis, epi enprime premye fwi a ak dènye fwi a sou liy separe.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se`apple`\n,`banana`\n, ak`cherry`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`apple`\n\n`cherry`\n.","hint":"Li tach la \"Enprime premye ak dènye atik lis la\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"word1 = input()\nword2 = input()\nword3 = input()\n\n# Store the words in a list.\n# Then print the first item and the last item on separate lines.","solutionCode":"word1 = input()\nword2 = input()\nword3 = input()\n\nwords = [word1, word2, word3]\nprint(words[0])\nprint(words[2])","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak endèks 0 pou li premye atik la olye pou enprime antre a dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon endèks pou li dènye atik la nan lis la."}}},"ci-print-second-number":{"title":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a","prompt":"Yon tablo afichaj voye twa chif nan lòd. Mete yo nan yon lis, epi enprime dezyèm eleman ki nan lis sa a.\n\nPa egzanp, si done antre yo se `4`, `9`, ak `2`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`9`.","hint":"Dezyèm atik nan yon lis se nan endèks 1.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\n# Put the numbers into a list.\n# Print the second item.","solutionCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\nnumbers = [a, b, c]\nprint(numbers[1])","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak endèks 1 pou li dezyèm atik la nan lis la."}}},"ci-build-and-show-list":{"title":"Bati yon lis apati de antre","prompt":"Yon etajè penti bezwen yon envantè rapid. Rasanble twa koulè antre yo nan yon sèl lis epi enprime lis final la.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `red`, `blue`, ak `green`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`['red', 'blue', 'green']`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp yo te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"color1 = input()\ncolor2 = input()\ncolor3 = input()\n\n# Create a list with the three colors.\n# Print the whole list.","solutionCode":"color1 = input()\ncolor2 = input()\ncolor3 = input()\n\ncolors = [color1, color2, color3]\nprint(colors)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye yon lis ak color1, color2, ak color3 anvan ou enprime li."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-checkpoint":{"title":"Endèks epi enprime valè lis la","prompt":"Kreye lis `[\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]`. Enprime premye non an, epi enprime siyati a.","hint":"Sèvi ak endèks `0` pou premye atik la ak `-1` pou dènye atik la.","help":{"concept":"Endeksasyon lis la pèmèt ou rekipere yon valè dapre pozisyon li.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak endèks `0` pou premye atik la ak `-1` pou dènye atik la.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"names = []\n\n# Create the list [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"].\n# Print the first name, then print the last name.\n","solutionCode":"names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]\nprint(names[0])\nprint(names[-1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye lis non yo olye de enprime sèlman repons final yo."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak names[0] pou enprime premye non an olye pou w tape Ava dirèkteman."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon endèks sou non yo pou enprime siyati a olye pou tape Zoe dirèkteman."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-sketch0":{"title":"Enprime premye atik lis la ak dènye atik lis la.","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks lis yo pou enprime premye ak dènye valè yo nan`items`.","hint":"Lis yo kenbe atik yo an lòd. Kòmanse pa enprime premye atik la nan atik yo.","help":{"concept":"Lis yo kenbe atik yo an lòd. Kòmanse pa enprime premye atik la nan atik yo.","hint_1":"Premye atik la se items[0]. Dènye atik la se items[-1].","hint_2":"Enprime chak valè sou pwòp liy li: premye wouj, apre sa vèt."},"starterCode":"items = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\n\n# Print the first item.\n# Then print the last item.\n","solutionCode":"items = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nprint(items[0])\nprint(items[-1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak items[0] pou premye atik la olye pou w tape red."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon endèks sou atik yo pou atik ki dènye a olye pou w tape green."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks `1` pou enprime dezyèm valè a nan `numbers`.","hint":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo ki nan lis la.","help":{"concept":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a nan lis la.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"numbers = [4, 9, 2]\n\n# Print the second number in the list.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [4, 9, 2]\nprint(numbers[1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize numbers[1] olye pou w tape 9 dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Use `stations[0]` to read the first station instead of hard-coding `Oak`."}}},"try-creating-and-indexing-lists-sketch2":{"title":"Konstwi epi enprime yon lis","prompt":"Kreye yon lis ki rele \"`names`\" ak de varyab yo, epi enprime li.","hint":"Bati yon lis ki rele names ak first ak second.","help":{"concept":"Bati yon lis ki rele names ak first ak second.","hint_1":"Bati yon lis ki rele names ki gen premye ak dezyèm, epi enprime names.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"first = 'Ava'\nsecond = 'Mia'\n\n# Build a list named names with first and second.\n# Then print names.\n","solutionCode":"first = 'Ava'\nsecond = 'Mia'\nnames = [first, second]\nprint(names)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Bati non yo apati varyab premye ak dezyèm, pa tape lis final la dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Use `stops[-1]` to read the final stop instead of printing `stop4` directly."}}},"sc-last-negative-index":{"title":"Read the last item","prompt":"Which expression gets the last item from `tasks` without needing to know how many items are in the list?","hint":"Python can count backward from the end of a list with negative indexes.","help":{"concept":"Index `-1` always refers to the final item in a non-empty list.","hint_1":"Positive indexes count from the beginning; negative indexes count from the end.","hint_2":"Use `tasks[-1]`."},"options":{"a":"tasks[-1]","b":"tasks[0]","c":"tasks[1]","d":"tasks[\"last\"]"}}},"tryIt":{"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye lis `[\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]`. Enprime premye non an, epi enprime siyati a."},"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks lis yo pou enprime premye ak dènye valè yo nan`items`."},"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak endèks `1` pou enprime dezyèm valè a nan `numbers`."},"try_creating_and_indexing_lists_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye yon lis ki rele `names` ak de varyab yo, epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_print_first_last":{"title":"Enprime premye ak dènye atik lis la."},"ci_print_second_number":{"title":"Enprime dezyèm nimewo a"},"ci_build_and_show_list":{"title":"Bati yon lis apati de antre"}}},"dictionary-basics":{"label":"Baz diksyonè","summary":"Sere ak rekipere valè lè w itilize kle.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon diksyonè ye"},"sketch1":{"title":"Chèche valè pa kle"},"sketch2":{"title":"Kreye ak mete ajou antre diksyonè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratik sou Baz Diksyonè"}},"quiz":{"sc-dict-best-choice":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon koleksyon an","prompt":"Ki koleksyon ki pi apwopriye pou estoke non yon moun, laj li, ak vil li ansanm ak etikèt pou chak valè?","hint":"Chwazi koleksyon ki estoke pè kle-valè ki make.","help":{"concept":"Diksyonè yo fèt pou done kote chak valè gen yon etikèt, tankou non, laj, oswa vil.","hint_1":"Yon lis estoke atik pa pozisyon, men kesyon sa a bezwen etikèt ki lye ak valè.","hint_2":"Chèche koleksyon ki pèmèt ou ekri kle tankou \"non\" ak \"laj\"."},"options":{"a":"Yon diksyonè","b":"Yon tup","c":"Yon sèl kòd","d":"Yon kantite"}},"sc-dict-lookup":{"title":"Li yon valè pa kle","prompt":"Bay `pet = {\"type\": \"cat\", \"age\": 3}`, ki ekspresyon bay valè `\"cat\"`?","hint":"Sèvi ak kle a, pa yon pozisyon nimerik.","help":{"concept":"Valè diksyonè yo jwenn ak kle yo andedan krèy kare.","hint_1":"Kle pou `\"cat\"` se `\"type\"`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak non diksyonè a, epi mete l ant kwochè kare ki gen kle chèn nan."},"options":{"a":"bèt[0]","b":"bèt kay(\"kalite\")","c":"tip[\"pet\"]","d":"type[\"pet\"]"}},"mc-dict-parts":{"title":"Idantifye pati diksyonè yo","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou diksyonè sa a ki kòrèk?\n\n`item = {\"name\": \"pen\", \"price\": 2}`\n\nChwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Separe kle yo ak valè yo nan chak pè.","help":{"concept":"Nan yon diksyonè, chak antre gen yon kle sou bò gòch kolon an ak yon valè sou bò dwat la.","hint_1":"Tcheke pè `\"name\": \"pen\"` ak pè `\"price\": 2`.","hint_2":"Chèn ki anvan kolon yo se kle; done ki apre kolon yo se valè."},"options":{"a":"`\"name\"` se yon kle","b":"`\"pen\"` se yon valè","c":"`2` se yon valè","d":"`\"price\"` se yon valè"}},"mc-dict-operations":{"title":"Aksyon diksyonè valab","prompt":"Ki liy ki mache kòrèkteman ak yon diksyonè ki rele `scores = {\"Ava\": 10, \"Ben\": 8}`? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Panse pou w chèche pa kle epi asiyen pa kle.","help":{"concept":"Ou ka li valè yon diksyonè ak `dict[key]` epi mete ajou oswa ajoute antre ak `dict[key] = value`.","hint_1":"Yon modèl kòrèk li yon valè lè l sèvi avèk yon kle non ki nan kranpon kare.","hint_2":"Yon lòt modèl kòrèk chanje oswa ajoute yon valè lè li mete yon kle nan kwochè sou bò gòch `=`."},"options":{"a":"`scores[\"Ava\"]`","b":"`scores[1]`","c":"`scores[\"Ben\"] = 9`","d":"`scores.add(\"Kai\", 7)`"}},"dr-dict-create-order":{"title":"Bati yon diksyonè etap pa etap","prompt":"Mete moso kòd sa yo nan lòd ki kòrèk pou kreye yon diksyonè epi enprime yon valè.","hint":"Kreye diksyonè a an premye, epi li ladan l.","help":{"concept":"Python dwe kreye epi asiyen diksyonè a anvan ou ka chèche yon valè ladan l.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak non varyab la ak asiyasyon li bay yon literèl diksyonè.","hint_2":"Liy enprime a ta dwe vini apre diksyonè a egziste, epi rechèch la itilize kle a `\"name\"`."},"tokens":{"t1":"moun = {","t2":"Non: Ava","t3":"}","t4":"print(person[\"name\"])"}},"dr-dict-update-order":{"title":"Kòmande yon egzanp mizajou","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou kreye yon diksyonè, mete yon valè ajou, epi enprime rezilta ki ajou a.","hint":"Diksyonè a dwe egziste anvan liy mizajou a.","help":{"concept":"Mizajou yon diksyonè itilize asiyasyon ak yon kle apre diksyonè a deja kreye.","hint_1":"Premyeman, kreye `stock`, apre sa chanje valè pou `\"apples\"`, epi enprime li.","hint_2":"Liy enprime a dwe vini an dènye paske li ta dwe montre valè ki mete ajou a, pa sa ki orijinal la."},"tokens":{"t1":"stòk = {\"pòm\": 5}","t2":"stock[\"pòm\"] = 7","t3":"print(stock[\"apples\"])"}},"fb-dict-literal":{"title":"Konplete yon diksyonè literal","prompt":"Chwazi valè ki manke a pou fini antre diksyonè a.","hint":"Espas vid la dwe valè ki asosye ak kle `\"color\"` la.","help":{"concept":"Yon antre nan diksyonè gen fòm `key: value`, kidonk pati ki manke a se valè pou yon kle.","hint_1":"Kle a deja ekri kòm `\"color\"`.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki ka sèvi kòm valè chèn ki estoke pou kle sa a."},"template":"penti = {\"koulè\": [blank1]}","choices":["ble","koulè","Pano nòt leson","Chwazè tèm koulè"]},"fb-dict-key-lookup":{"title":"Konplete yon rechèch kle","prompt":"Chwazi kle ki manke a pou ekspresyon an jwenn valè laj la.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa demann lan dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"person = {\"name\": \"Ivy\", \"age\": 12}\nprint(person[[blank1]])","choices":["laj","douz","Ivy","Zewo"]},"ci-make-dictionary":{"title":"Retounen yon diksyonè senp","prompt":"Ekri `make_book(title, pages)` pou li retounen yon diksyonè ki dekri liv la. Diksyonè a ta dwe itilize kle `\"title\"` ak `\"pages\"`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_book(title, pages):\n # return a dictionary with keys \"title\" and \"pages\"\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_book(title, pages):\n return {\"title\": title, \"pages\": pages}"},"ci-get-score":{"title":"Chèche yon valè nan yon diksyonè","prompt":"Ekri `get_score(scores, name)` pou li ka chèche `name` nan diksyonè `scores` la epi retounen nòt sa a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Chèche yon valè nan yon diksyonè\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def get_score(scores, name):\n # return the score for the given name\n pass","solutionCode":"def get_score(scores, name):\n return scores[name]"},"ci-update-dictionary":{"title":"Ajoute oswa mete ajou yon antre diksyonè","prompt":"Ekri `set_price(prices, item, amount)` pou mete ajou diksyonè `prices` la ak atik ak kantite yo bay, epi retounen diksyonè ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ajoute oswa mete ajou yon antre diksyonè\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp yo te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def set_price(prices, item, amount):\n # update the dictionary and return it\n pass","solutionCode":"def set_price(prices, item, amount):\n prices[item] = amount\n return prices"},"try-dictionary-basics-checkpoint":{"title":"Kreye epi li yon diksyonè","prompt":"Kreye yon diksyonè pou `name` ak `score`, epi enprime nòt la.","hint":"Sèvi ak kle `\"score\"` pou li valè a.","help":{"concept":"Yon diksyonè estoke valè anba kle ki gen non.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak kle `\"score\"` pou li valè a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"student = {}\n\n# Store name Ava and score 92.\n# Then print the score.\n","solutionCode":"student = {\"name\": \"Ava\", \"score\": 92}\nprint(student[\"score\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye yon varyab diksyonè ki rele student."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle nòt la pou li nòt la nan elèv la."}}},"try-dictionary-basics-sketch0":{"title":"Enprime valè yon diksyonè","prompt":"Sèvi ak kle `'name'` pou li yon valè nan diksyonè a.","hint":"Enprime non ki nan pwofil la.","help":{"concept":"Enprime non ki nan pwofil la.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"profile = {'name': 'Ava', 'age': 12}\n\n# Print the name from profile.\n","solutionCode":"profile = {'name': 'Ava', 'age': 12}\nprint(profile['name'])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize profile[\"name\"] olye pou w tape Ava dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Include the explicitly requested `\"name\"` key in the dictionary."},"2":{"message":"Include the explicitly requested `\"age\"` key in the dictionary."}}},"try-dictionary-basics-sketch1":{"title":"Mizajou yon laj","prompt":"Bay yon nouvo valè pou yon kle ki deja egziste nan yon diksyonè.","hint":"Chanje laj la pou 12.","help":{"concept":"Chanje laj la pou 12.","hint_1":"Chanje laj la pou 12, epi enprime diksyonè pwofil la.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"profile = {'name': 'Mia', 'age': 11}\n\n# Change age to 12.\n# Then print the profile dictionary.\n","solutionCode":"profile = {'name': 'Mia', 'age': 11}\nprofile['age'] = 12\nprint(profile)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Mete aj nan pwofil la a 12 olye pou ranplase diksyonè final la."}}},"try-dictionary-basics-sketch2":{"title":"Kreye epi enprime yon diksyonè nòt.","prompt":"Bati yon diksyonè ak de pè kle-valè, epi enprime li.","hint":"Kreye yon diksyonè ki rele scores ak Ava: 92 ak Mia: 85.","help":{"concept":"Kreye yon diksyonè ki rele scores ak Ava: 92 ak Mia: 85.","hint_1":"Kreye yon diksyonè ki rele scores ak Ava: 92 ak Mia: 85, epi enprime scores yo.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"# Create a dictionary named scores with Ava: 92 and Mia: 85.\n# Then print scores.\n","solutionCode":"scores = {'Ava': 92, 'Mia': 85}\nprint(scores)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye yon varyab diksyonè ki rele scores."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak Ava kòm yon kle nan nòt yo."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak Mia kòm yon kle nan nòt yo."}}},"sc-key-value-role":{"title":"Identify a key and its value","prompt":"In `book = {\"title\": \"Kindred\", \"pages\": 264}`, what is `\"pages\"`?","hint":"Look at which side of the colon the item appears on.","help":{"concept":"In a dictionary entry, the key appears before the colon and its value appears after the colon.","hint_1":"The pair here is `\"pages\": 264`.","hint_2":"`\"pages\"` is the key; `264` is the value."},"options":{"a":"A key","b":"A value","c":"A list index","d":"A method"}},"sc-key-membership":{"title":"Check for a key safely","prompt":"Given `profile = {\"name\": \"Ava\", \"age\": 12}`, which expression checks whether the key `\"city\"` exists in the dictionary?","hint":"Use the membership operator with the key on the left and the dictionary on the right.","help":{"concept":"For dictionaries, `key in dictionary` checks whether that key exists.","hint_1":"You are checking for a key, not reading its value yet.","hint_2":"Use `\"city\" in profile`."},"options":{"a":"\"city\" in profile","b":"profile[\"city\"]","c":"\"city\" == profile","d":"profile.in(\"city\")"}}},"tryIt":{"try_dictionary_basics_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye yon diksyonè pou `name` ak `score`, epi enprime nòt la."},"try_dictionary_basics_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak kle `'name'` pou li yon valè nan diksyonè a."},"try_dictionary_basics_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bay yon nouvo valè pou yon kle ki egziste deja nan yon diksyonè."},"try_dictionary_basics_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati yon diksyonè ak de pè kle-valè, epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_make_dictionary":{"title":"Retounen yon diksyonè senp"},"ci_get_score":{"title":"Chèche yon valè nan yon diksyonè"},"ci_update_dictionary":{"title":"Ajoute oswa mete ajou yon antre diksyonè"}}},"list-methods-and-mutation":{"label":"Lis Metòd ak Mutasyon","summary":"Sèvi ak metòd lis komen tankou append, remove, pop, ak sort, epi aprann kijan yo chanje lis orijinal la.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa mityasyon vle di pou lis yo"},"sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak append, remove, ak pop"},"sketch2":{"title":"Trie lis yo epi veye pou erè komen yo"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Removing by position with pop()"},"sketch4":{"title":"Sorting the same list"},"project":{"title":"Pratike Pwogram Mutasyon Lis"}},"quiz":{"sc-1":{"title":"Ki metòd ki ajoute nan fen an?","prompt":"Ki metòd lis la ki ajoute yon nouvo atik nan fen yon lis?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"options":{"a":"Ajoute()","b":"retire()","c":"retire()","d":"klase()"}},"sc-2":{"title":"Ki sa pop retounen?","prompt":"Nan Python, kisa `items.pop(1)` retounen?","hint":"`pop()` Li chanje lis la epi li ba ou yon bagay an retou.","help":{"concept":"`pop(index)` Li retire atik ki nan endèks bay la epi li retounen atik sa a ki te retire a.","hint_1":"Endèks `1` vle di dezyèm atik nan lis la.","hint_2":"Valè retou a se pa lis kout la li menm; se eleman ki te retire a."},"options":{"a":"Atik ki te retire nan endèks 1","b":"Yon kopi tout lis la","c":"Longè lis la apre retire","d":"Anyen ditou"}},"mc-1":{"title":"Metòd ki modifye yon lis","prompt":"Ki nan operasyon sa yo ki chanje lis orijinal la? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Ajoute (5)","b":"retire(5)","c":"klase()","d":"longè(my_list)"}},"mc-2":{"title":"Metòd lis valab yo itilize","prompt":"Ki liy ki fason valab pou itilize metòd lis komen sou`numbers = [3, 1, 2]`? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Tcheke si chak non metòd koresponn ak kalite agiman li espere a.","help":{"concept":"Metòd lis diferan mande diferan antre: `append` pran yon valè, `remove` pran yon valè, epi `pop` anjeneral pran yon endèks.","hint_1":"Mande si metòd la ap retire pa valè oswa pa pozisyon.","hint_2":"Youn nan chwa yo melanje konpòtman `remove` ak endèks, epi yon lòt chwa itilize `sort` ak yon agiman li pa bezwen isit la."},"options":{"a":"nimewo.ajoute(4)","b":"nimewo.retire(1)","c":"nimewo.pop(0)","d":"nimewo.klase(2)"}},"dr-1":{"title":"Ajoute apre sa enspekte","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou ajoute yon eleman nan yon lis epi afiche lis ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Premyeman kreye lis la, apre sa chanje li, epi enprime li.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwogram lis kout anjeneral swiv yon sekans: kreye done, modifye done, epi enspekte rezilta a avèk `print()`.","hint_1":"Ou pa ka ajoute nan yon lis anvan lis la egziste.","hint_2":"Enprime a dwe fèt apre ajoute a si ou vle wè lis ki chanje a."},"tokens":{"t1":"nimewo = [1, 2]","t2":"nimewo.ajoute(7)","t3":"print(numbers)"}},"dr-2":{"title":"Retire, gonfle, epi enprime","prompt":"Aranje liy yo pou kreye yon pwogram ki retire `\"b\"`, epi mete dènye atik ki rete a nan `taken`, epi enprime `taken`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"lèt = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]","t2":"letters.remove(\"b\")","t3":"tire = pop() nan lèt yo","t4":"print(taken)"}},"fb-1":{"title":"Konplete yon apèl apendiks","prompt":"Chwazi valè ki fè `numbers.append(...)` ajoute `10` nan lis la.","hint":"`append()` bezwen atik ou vle ajoute a anndan parantèz yo.","help":{"concept":"Pou ajoute yon atik nan fen yon lis, mete atik sa a kòm agiman pou `append()`.","hint_1":"Blank la se nouvo valè k ap ajoute a, se pa non lis la oswa non metòd la.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki ta fè lis la jwenn nimewo dis."},"template":"nimewo = [1, 2]\nnimewo.ajoute([blank1])","choices":["chif","Ajoute","diz","pòp"]},"fb-2":{"title":"Konplete yon deklarasyon triyaj","prompt":"Chwazi non metòd la ki klase `scores` sou plas.","hint":"Metòd sa a mete atik lis yo nan lòd epi chanje lis la li menm.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term()` se metòd entegre lis la pou ranje atik lis yo anplas.","hint_1":"Videyo a ta dwe yon metòd ki travay dirèkteman sou yon varyab lis.","hint_2":"Se pa yon metòd pou ajoute oswa retire atik."},"template":"scores = [4, 1, 3]\nscores.[blank1]()","choices":["Ajoute","retire","klase","pòp"]},"ci-1":{"title":"Ajoute yon atik epi enprime lis la.","prompt":"Yon bwat kreyon deja gen `pen` ak `pencil`. Li yon lòt atik nan antre a, ajoute l nan `items`, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `eraser`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`['pen', 'pencil', 'eraser']`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"item = input()\nitems = [\"pen\", \"pencil\"]\n\n# Add the input item to the list.\n# Then print the updated list.","solutionCode":"item = input()\nitems = [\"pen\", \"pencil\"]\nitems.append(item)\nprint(items)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize items.append(item) pou lis la vrèman modifye."}}},"ci-2":{"title":"Retire yon valè epi montre rezilta a","prompt":"The list `colors` starts as `['red', 'blue', 'green']`. Read one color from input, remove that value from the list, and print the updated list.\n\nFor example, if the input is `blue`, your program should print:\n`['red', 'green']`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"color = input()\ncolors = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\n\n# Remove the input color from the list.\n# Then print the updated list.","solutionCode":"color = input()\ncolors = ['red', 'blue', 'green']\ncolors.remove(color)\nprint(colors)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize colors.remove(color) pou lis la vrèman modifye."}}},"ci-3":{"title":"Klase nimewo yo nan antre a","prompt":"Twa nòt kwiz parèt nan yon lòd ki pa kòrèk. Mete chif ki antre yo nan fonksyon ``numbers`` la, klase lis la de pi piti a pi gwo, epi enprime lis ki klase a.\n\nPa egzanp, si chif ki antre yo se `9`, `2`, ak `5`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`[2, 5, 9]`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\nnumbers = [a, b, c]\n\n# Sort the list.\n# Then print the sorted list.","solutionCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\n\nnumbers = [a, b, c]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak numbers.sort() pou lis la vrèman klase an plas."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-checkpoint":{"title":"Ajoute 10 nan yon lis","prompt":"Kòmanse ak `numbers = [3, 1, 2]`. Ajoute `10` nan fen lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Sèvi ak `append()` pou ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","help":{"concept":"`append(value)` Li modifye lis orijinal la lè li ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `append()` pou ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\n# Add 10 to the end of the list.\n# Then print the updated list.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.append(10)\nprint(numbers)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize numbers.append(10) pou lis la vrèman chanje."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch0":{"title":"Ajoute 10 epi enprime lis la.","prompt":"Sèvi ak `append(10)` pou ajoute `10` nan lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Ajoute 10 nan fen lis la.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute 10 nan fen lis la.","hint_1":"Ajoute 10 nan fen lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\n# Add 10 to the end of the list.\n# Then print the updated list.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.append(10)\nprint(numbers)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak numbers.append(10) pou lis la vrèman chanje."},"1":{"message":"Print the updated `scores` list itself after changing it."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch1":{"title":"Retire bannann nan epi lage dènye atik la.","prompt":"Sèvi ak `remove()` ak `pop()` pou chanje lis la epi montre sa ki rete.","hint":"Retire 'banana'.","help":{"concept":"Retire 'banana'.","hint_1":"Retire 'banana'. Apre sa, mete dènye atik ki rete a nan last_item.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n\n# Remove 'banana'.\n# Pop the last remaining item into last_item.\n# Print fruits, then print last_item.\n","solutionCode":"fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nfruits.remove('banana')\nlast_item = fruits.pop()\nprint(fruits)\nprint(last_item)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Rele fruits.remove('banana') olye pou w ranplase lis final la dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sere rezilta fruits.pop() nan last_item olye pou w tape cherry dirèkteman."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch2":{"title":"Triye epi enprime non yo","prompt":"Rele `sort()` anvan ou enprime pou lis orijinal la ka nan lòd.","hint":"Trie lis la alfabetikman.","help":{"concept":"Trie lis la alfabetikman.","hint_1":"Trie lis la alfabetikman, epi enprime lis triye a.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"names = ['Zoe', 'Ava', 'Mia']\n\n# Sort the list alphabetically.\n# Then print the sorted list.\n","solutionCode":"names = ['Zoe', 'Ava', 'Mia']\nnames.sort()\nprint(names)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak names.sort() pou lis la vrèman triye."},"1":{"message":"Print the mutated `workshops` list itself after removing the canceled workshop."}}},"sc-index-assignment":{"title":"Replace one list item","prompt":"The list is `tasks = [\"email\", \"meeting\", \"backup\"]`. Which line replaces the second item with `\"study\"`?","hint":"Reading an item uses an index. Replacing an item uses that same indexed position on the left side of `=`.","help":{"concept":"Assigning to `list[index]` changes the item stored at that position.","hint_1":"The second item is at index `1` because Python starts counting at 0.","hint_2":"Use `tasks[1] = \"study\"`."},"options":{"a":"tasks[1] = \"study\"","b":"tasks[0] = \"study\"","c":"tasks.append(\"study\")","d":"tasks(1) = \"study\""}},"mc-mutates-original":{"title":"Operations that mutate a list","prompt":"Which operations change the existing list itself? Assume `items` is already a list. Choose all that apply.","hint":"Think about whether the list's stored items are different after the operation runs.","help":{"concept":"Index assignment and list methods such as `append`, `remove`, `pop`, and `sort` mutate the existing list.","hint_1":"`len(items)` reads information but does not change any item.","hint_2":"Choose the operations that replace, add, remove, or reorder list items."},"options":{"a":"items[0] = \"new\"","b":"items.append(\"new\")","c":"items.pop()","d":"len(items)"}},"sc-remove-vs-pop":{"title":"Remove by position and keep the value","prompt":"You need to remove the item at index `1` from `colors` and store the removed value in `removed`. Which line does both?","hint":"`remove()` looks for a matching value. `pop()` removes by position and returns what it removed.","help":{"concept":"`pop(index)` removes the item at that index and returns the removed value.","hint_1":"The task gives a position, not a value to search for.","hint_2":"Assign the result of `colors.pop(1)` to `removed`."},"options":{"a":"removed = colors.pop(1)","b":"removed = colors.remove(1)","c":"colors.remove(removed)","d":"removed = colors[1]"}},"sc-sort-return":{"title":"What sort() returns","prompt":"What is printed by this code?\n\n`scores = [8, 3, 5]`\n`result = scores.sort()`\n`print(result)`","hint":"`sort()` changes `scores` in place; it does not return the sorted list.","help":{"concept":"`list.sort()` mutates the list and returns `None`.","hint_1":"After sorting, `scores` is ordered, but `result` receives the method's return value.","hint_2":"That return value is `None`."},"options":{"a":"None","b":"[3, 5, 8]","c":"8","d":"Nothing is printed because the program crashes"}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch3":{"title":"Take the second ticket","prompt":" Use `pop()` with the index of the second item, store the removed ticket in `next_ticket`, then print the removed value. Do not hard-code the ticket.","hint":"`pop(1)` removes the item at index 1 and returns that removed item.","help":{"concept":"`pop(index)` is useful when you know the position and also need the removed value.","hint_1":"Assign the result of `tickets.pop(1)` to `next_ticket`.","hint_2":"Print `next_ticket` first, then print `tickets`."},"starterCode":"tickets = [\"T-104\", \"T-105\", \"T-106\", \"T-107\"]\n\n# Remove the second ticket with pop(1) and store it in next_ticket.\n# Print next_ticket.\n# Then print the remaining tickets list.\n","solutionCode":"tickets = [\"T-104\", \"T-105\", \"T-106\", \"T-107\"]\n\nnext_ticket = tickets.pop(1)\nprint(next_ticket)\nprint(tickets)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `pop()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Print `next_ticket` itself instead of typing the known removed ticket."},"2":{"message":"Print the remaining `tickets` list itself after `pop()` changes it."}}},"try-list-methods-and-mutation-sketch4":{"title":"Sort three incoming times","prompt":"Three completion times arrive as integers. Store them in a list named `times`, sort the same list from smallest to largest with `sort()`, then print the sorted list.","hint":"Create `times` from the three input variables before calling `times.sort()`.","help":{"concept":"`sort()` rearranges the existing list in ascending order.","hint_1":"Build one list from `first`, `second`, and `third` in that order.","hint_2":"Call `times.sort()` before printing `times`."},"starterCode":"first = int(input())\nsecond = int(input())\nthird = int(input())\n\n# Create a list named times from the three inputs.\n# Sort times from smallest to largest.\n# Print the sorted list.\n","solutionCode":"first = int(input())\nsecond = int(input())\nthird = int(input())\n\ntimes = [first, second, third]\ntimes.sort()\nprint(times)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `sort()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Print the sorted `times` list itself after sorting it in place."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_list_methods_and_mutation_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kòmanse ak `numbers = [3, 1, 2]`. Ajoute `10` nan fen lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak `append(10)` pou ajoute `10` nan lis la, epi enprime lis ki mete ajou a."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak `remove()` ak `pop()` pou chanje lis la epi montre sa ki rete."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Rele `sort()` anvan ou enprime pou lis orijinal la ka nan lòd."},"allowReveal":true,"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"The second ticket in `tickets` is ready to be processed. Remove that item with `pop(1)`, store the removed value in `next_ticket`, then print `next_ticket` followed by the remaining list. Use `pop()` with the index of the second item, store the removed ticket in `next_ticket`, then print the removed value. Do not hard-code the ticket."},"try_list_methods_and_mutation_sketch4":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Three completion times arrive as integers. Store them in a list named `times`, sort the same list from smallest to largest with `sort()`, then print the sorted list."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_1":{"title":"Ajoute yon atik epi enprime lis la."},"ci_2":{"title":"Retire yon valè epi montre rezilta a"},"ci_3":{"title":"Klase nimewo yo nan antre a"}}},"looping-through-lists":{"label":"Fè sik nan lis yo","summary":"Trete chak atik nan lis la epi konstwi rezilta derive yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon bouk lis fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon bouk pou konstwi yon nouvo lis"},"sketch2":{"title":"Chwazi non varyab bouk ki klè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Filtering items while you loop"},"project":{"title":"Egzèsis: Fè yon bouk sou lis yo"}},"quiz":{"sc-loop-item-name":{"title":"Chwazi varyab bouk la","prompt":"Nan kòd sa a, kisa `fruit` reprezante?\n\n```python\nfruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nfor fruit in fruits:\n print(fruit)\n```","hint":"Gade sa ki vini apre `for` epi anvan `in`.","help":{"concept":"Nan yon bouk `for item in list`, varyab ki apre `for` estoke yon atik aktyèl nan lis la pandan chak bouk.","hint_1":"`fruit` Chanje pandan bouk la ap pase nan`\"apple\"`, epi `\"banana\"`, epi `\"pear\"`.","hint_2":"Se pa non lis la antye. Se valè endividyèl k ap trete chak fwa."},"options":{"a":"Tout lis fwi yo","b":"Yon atik nan lis la chak fwa","c":"Nimewo endèks chak fwi","d":"Yon mo kle entegre nan Python"}},"sc-empty-list-start":{"title":"Kòmanse yon nouvo lis rezilta","prompt":"Ou vle pase atravè yon lis epi ranmase valè ki chanje yo nan yon nouvo lis. Ki liy ki kòrèkteman kreye yon lis vid pou kòmanse?","hint":"Ou bezwen sentaks pou yon literal lis vid.","help":{"concept":"Lè w ap konstwi yon lis derive, ou anjeneral kòmanse ak yon lis vid epi ou ajoute atik yo avèk `append()` andedan bouk la.","hint_1":"Yon lis vid itilize kwochè kare san anyen andedan.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki kreye yon lis, pa yon chèn, nimewo, oswa apèl enprime."},"options":{"a":"rezilta = ()","b":"print(result)","c":"result = \"\"","d":"print(result)"}},"mc-loop-uses":{"title":"Sa yon bouk sou yon lis ka fè","prompt":"Ki aksyon ki rezon komen pou itilize yon bouk sou yon lis? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Panse sou travay ou repete yon fwa pou chak atik.","help":{"concept":"Yo itilize bouk lis pou trete chak atik, tankou enprime valè yo, tcheke kondisyon yo, oswa konstwi yon nouvo lis apati atik ki transfòme.","hint_1":"Yon bouk itil lè menm aksyon an dwe fèt pou chak atik nan lis la.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon sou pwosesis repete atik yo, pa sou chanje sentaks Python la li menm."},"options":{"a":"Enprime chak atik","b":"Bati yon nouvo lis apati atik ki chanje yo","c":"Tcheke si atik yo satisfè yon kondisyon","d":"Chanje non mo kle Python yo"}},"mc-good-loop-names":{"title":"Chwazi non varyab bouk ki klè","prompt":"Pou lis `scores = [88, 91, 76]`, ki non varyab bouk yo ki klè e ki apwopriye? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"pwen","b":"atik","c":"pwen","d":"Valè nòt"}},"dr-build-derived-list":{"title":"Kòmande etap yo pou konstwi yon lis derive","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou konstwi yon nouvo lis apati yon lis ki egziste deja.","hint":"Kòmanse pa kreye nouvo lis la anvan bouk la kòmanse.","help":{"concept":"Pou konstwi yon lis derive, premye kreye yon lis vid, apre sa fè yon bouk sou lis orijinal la, kalkile chak nouvo valè, epi ajoute li.","hint_1":"Konfigirasyon lis vid la fèt anvan okenn atik trete.","hint_2":"Anndan bouk la, ou premye pran atik aktyèl la, apre sa ou kreye valè ki chanje a, epi ou ajoute li nan lis rezilta a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kreye yon lis rezilta vid","t2":"Kòmanse yon bouk sou lis orijinal la","t3":"Kalkile valè ki chanje pou atik aktyèl la.","t4":"Ajoute valè ki chanje a nan lis rezilta a."}},"dr-read-loop-header":{"title":"Li bouk la nan lòd","prompt":"Mete pati sa yo nan deklarasyon bouk la nan lòd kòrèk pou kreye yon tèt bouk Python ki valab.","hint":"Konsantre sou lòd lojik pati yo.","help":{"concept":"Aranje moso yo selon estrikti fraz la.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Mete moso yo nan lòd ki fè fraz la valab."},"tokens":{"t1":"pou","t2":"koulè","t3":"nan","t4":"koulè","t5":":"}},"fb-append-call":{"title":"Konplete liy lan","prompt":"Ranpli non metòd ki manke a pou ajoute chak atik ki chanje nan lis rezilta a.","hint":"Sèvi ak metòd lis la ki ajoute yon atik nan fen an.","help":{"concept":"Lè w ap konstwi yon nouvo lis nan yon bouk,`the missing term()` ajoute yon valè alafwa nan fen lis la.","hint_1":"Metòd la rele sou lis w ap konstwi a, tankou `result.method(value)`.","hint_2":"Se metòd lis komen ki itilize nan bouk pou debutan pou kolekte nouvo valè."},"template":"rezilta.[espas1](nimewo * 2)","choices":["Ajoute","ajoute","antre","Enprime"]},"fb-loop-keyword":{"title":"Konplete antèt bouk la","prompt":"Ranpli mo kle ki manke a pou kòmanse yon bouk sou yon lis.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"template":"[blank1] atik nan atik yo:","choices":["pou","si","pandan","defini"]},"ci-print-each-item":{"title":"Enprime chak atik nan yon lis","prompt":"Yon apèl lis abri estoke twa non bèt nan`animals`\n. Fè yon bouk sou`animals`\nepi enprime chak non sou yon liy pa l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se`cat`\n,`dog`\n, ak`fox`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`cat`\n\n`dog`\n\n`fox`\n.","hint":"Bati lis la ak twa valè antre yo anvan bouk la kòmanse.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\nanimals = [first, second, third]\n\n# Loop through animals and print each one.\n","solutionCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\nanimals = [first, second, third]\n\nfor animal in animals:\n print(animal)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for sou bèt yo olye pou w enprime chak varyab manyèlman."}}},"ci-double-list-function":{"title":"Retounen yon lis doub","prompt":"Ekri `double_numbers(numbers)` pou li konstwi yon nouvo lis ki gen chak nimewo doub, epi retounen nouvo lis sa a.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def double_numbers(numbers):\n # build and return a new list\n pass","solutionCode":"def double_numbers(numbers):\n result = []\n for number in numbers:\n result.append(number * 2)\n return result"},"ci-count-long-words":{"title":"Konte mo ki gen plis pase 4 lèt","prompt":"Ekri `count_long_words(words)` pou li retounen konbyen mo ki nan lis la ki gen plis pase 4 lèt.","hint":"Li tach la \"Konte mo ki gen plis pase 4 lèt\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def count_long_words(words):\n # return the number of words longer than 4 letters\n pass","solutionCode":"def count_long_words(words):\n count = 0\n for word in words:\n if len(word) > 4:\n count += 1\n return count"},"try-looping-through-lists-checkpoint":{"title":"Fè yon sik sou non yo","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou `names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]` epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li.","hint":"Sèvi ak yon bouk `for`.","help":{"concept":"Yon bouk `for` ka vizite chak valè nan yon lis.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak yon bouk `for`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]\n\n# Print each name on its own line.\n","solutionCode":"names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]\nfor name in names:\n print(name)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for sou non yo olye pou w enprime chak non manyèlman."}}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch0":{"title":"Enprime chak bèt","prompt":"Fè yon sik atravè lis la epi enprime chak atik.","hint":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for pou enprime chak bèt sou pwòp liy li.","help":{"concept":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for pou enprime chak bèt sou pwòp liy li.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'fox']\n\n# Use a for loop to print each animal on its own line.\n","solutionCode":"animals = ['cat', 'dog', 'fox']\nfor animal in animals:\n print(animal)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon bouk for sou bèt yo olye pou w tape chak bèt dirèkteman."}}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch1":{"title":"Adisyone nòt yo","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon total k ap kouri andedan yon bouk.","hint":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la lè w itilize yon bouk.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la lè w itilize yon bouk.","hint_1":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la ak yon bouk, epi enprime total la.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"scores = [4, 6, 10]\ntotal = 0\n\n# Add each score to total using a loop.\n# Then print total.\n","solutionCode":"scores = [4, 6, 10]\ntotal = 0\nfor score in scores:\n total += score\nprint(total)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou nòt yo olye pou w tape total final la."},"1":{"message":"Ajoute chak nòt nan total la andedan bouk la."}}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch2":{"title":"Konstwi nimewo doub","prompt":"Ajoute yon rezilta derive pou chak atik nan lis antre a.","hint":"Fè yon bouk sou chif yo epi ajoute chak valè ki double.","help":{"concept":"Fè yon bouk sou nimewo yo epi ajoute chak valè doub.","hint_1":"Fè yon bouk sou nimewo yo epi ajoute chak valè doub, apre sa enprime valè doub la.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ndoubled = []\n\n# Loop through numbers and append each doubled value.\n# Then print doubled.\n","solutionCode":"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ndoubled = []\nfor number in numbers:\n doubled.append(number * 2)\nprint(doubled)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou chif yo olye pou w tape lis doub final la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak doubled.append(...) pou konstwi lis la."}}},"sc-running-total":{"title":"Update a running total","prompt":"Which line belongs inside this loop to add every score into `total`?\n\n```python\nscores = [4, 7, 3]\ntotal = 0\nfor score in scores:\n # missing line\n```","hint":"The current item is stored in `score`, and the accumulated value is stored in `total`.","help":{"concept":"A running total repeatedly adds the current item to an accumulator variable.","hint_1":"The new total should include the old `total` plus the current `score`.","hint_2":"Use `total += score`."},"options":{"a":"total += score","b":"score += total","c":"total = 0","d":"scores.append(total)"}},"sc-filter-append":{"title":"Append only matching items","prompt":"You want `passing` to contain only scores that are at least 60. Where should `passing.append(score)` run?","hint":"Only matching scores should be appended.","help":{"concept":"Filtering combines a loop with a condition so only selected items are added to the result list.","hint_1":"The append should not run for scores below 60.","hint_2":"Put the append inside `if score >= 60:`."},"options":{"a":"Inside `if score >= 60:`","b":"Before the `for` loop","c":"After the loop finishes","d":"Inside `if score < 60:`"}},"try-looping-through-lists-sketch3":{"title":"Keep only high scores","prompt":"Four scores arrive as integers. Store them in `scores`. Create an empty list named `high_scores`, then loop through `scores` and append only values that are 80 or higher. Print the completed `high_scores` list.","hint":"The append should run only when the current score passes the condition.","help":{"concept":"Filtering keeps some list items and skips others based on a condition.","hint_1":"Inside the loop, check `if score >= 80:`.","hint_2":"Indent `high_scores.append(score)` inside that `if` block."},"starterCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\nd = int(input())\n\n# Create scores from the four inputs.\n# Create an empty list named high_scores.\n# Keep only scores that are 80 or higher.\n# Print high_scores.\n","solutionCode":"a = int(input())\nb = int(input())\nc = int(input())\nd = int(input())\n\nscores = [a, b, c, d]\nhigh_scores = []\nfor score in scores:\n if score >= 80:\n high_scores.append(score)\nprint(high_scores)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `scores` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_looping_through_lists_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou `names = [\"Ava\", \"Mia\", \"Zoe\"]` epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li."},"try_looping_through_lists_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon sik atravè lis la epi enprime chak atik."},"try_looping_through_lists_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon total k ap kouri andedan yon bouk."},"try_looping_through_lists_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ajoute yon rezilta derive pou chak atik nan lis antre a."},"allowReveal":true,"try_looping_through_lists_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Four scores arrive as input. Build `high_scores` containing only scores that are 80 or higher, then print the completed list."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_print_each_item":{"title":"Enprime chak atik nan yon lis"},"ci_double_list_function":{"title":"Retounen yon lis doub"},"ci_count_long_words":{"title":"Konte mo ki gen plis pase 4 lèt"}}},"module-5-workshop-schedule-project":{"label":"Module 5 Workshop Schedule Project","summary":"Build a community workshop schedule from tuple records, preserve their order in a list, create a direct room lookup, and group workshop names inside room lists.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Plan the schedule data"},"project":{"title":"Workshop Schedule Builder"}},"projectSteps":{"exercise1":{"title":"Expand the ordered schedule"},"exercise2":{"title":"Build a room lookup"},"exercise3":{"title":"Group workshops by room"}},"quiz":{"try-workshop-schedule-sketch0":{"title":"Preview the schedule pattern","prompt":"Create `schedule` as a list containing one tuple: `(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")`. Loop through `schedule`, unpack each tuple into `name` and `room`, and print each workshop as `name — room`.","hint":"The outer structure is a list; each item is a two-field tuple that can be unpacked in the loop header.","help":{"concept":"The project will use a list to preserve workshop order and a tuple for each fixed `(name, room)` record.","hint_1":"Start with `schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]`.","hint_2":"Use `for name, room in schedule:` and print the two unpacked values."},"starterCode":"# Create schedule as a list containing one (name, room) tuple.\n# Loop through schedule, unpack each tuple, and print: name — room\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `schedule` as the prompt requests."}}},"exercise1":{"title":"Expand the ordered schedule","prompt":"Step 1 of 3 starts from the working one-session preview. Read two more workshop names and rooms from input in this order: `name2`, `room2`, `name3`, `room3`. Append `(name2, room2)` and `(name3, room3)` to `schedule`. Keep the existing loop so the complete schedule prints in order as `name — room`, one workshop per line. For this step, add the second and third workshop records to `schedule` using `append()`. Then process the completed schedule with a `for` loop over `schedule`.","hint":"Read the four input values first, append two tuple records, then let the existing loop print the ordered list.","help":{"concept":"A list preserves workshop order, and `.append()` can add new fixed tuple records without replacing the existing schedule.","hint_1":"Use `schedule.append((name2, room2))` and then append the third record.","hint_2":"Do not hard-code the two new workshop names or rooms; the tests provide different input values."},"starterCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Append the second workshop with `schedule.append((name2, room2))`."},"1":{"message":"Append the third workshop with `schedule.append((name3, room3))`."},"2":{"message":"Keep a `for` loop over `schedule` so the finished schedule is processed in order."}}},"exercise2":{"title":"Build a room lookup","prompt":"Step 2 of 3 starts from your completed ordered schedule. Keep that behavior. Create an empty dictionary named `room_lookup`, loop through `schedule`, and store each workshop name as a key in `room_lookup` with its room as the corresponding value. Then read one workshop name into `requested` and look up that workshop in `room_lookup` and print the stored room.","hint":"Build the dictionary from the tuple records instead of writing the room mappings by hand.","help":{"concept":"The ordered list remains useful for the board, while a dictionary gives direct lookup by workshop name.","hint_1":"Initialize `room_lookup = {}` and fill it inside a loop over `schedule`.","hint_2":"After the dictionary is built, read `requested` and print `room_lookup[requested]`."},"starterCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n\nroom_lookup = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n room_lookup[name] = room\n\nrequested = input()\nprint(room_lookup[requested])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"exercise3":{"title":"Group workshops by room","prompt":"Step 3 of 3 starts from the schedule board and direct lookup. Keep both. Build a nested dictionary named `room_sessions` where each room key stores a list of workshop names held in that room. Loop through `schedule`. If the room already exists in `room_sessions`, append the current workshop name to its list; otherwise create a new one-item list. Finally read `room_query` and print `room_sessions[room_query]`.","hint":"Use dictionary membership to decide whether to append to an existing room list or create that list.","help":{"concept":"A dictionary whose values are lists can group several workshop names under the same room key.","hint_1":"Inside the loop, use `if room in room_sessions:` and append `name` to the existing list.","hint_2":"In the `else` branch, create the first list with `room_sessions[room] = [name]`."},"starterCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n\nroom_lookup = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n room_lookup[name] = room\n\nrequested = input()\nprint(room_lookup[requested])\n","solutionCode":"schedule = [(\"Python Basics\", \"Room A\")]\n\nname2 = input()\nroom2 = input()\nname3 = input()\nroom3 = input()\n\nschedule.append((name2, room2))\nschedule.append((name3, room3))\n\nfor name, room in schedule:\n print(f\"{name} — {room}\")\n\nroom_lookup = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n room_lookup[name] = room\n\nrequested = input()\nprint(room_lookup[requested])\n\nroom_sessions = {}\nfor name, room in schedule:\n if room in room_sessions:\n room_sessions[room].append(name)\n else:\n room_sessions[room] = [name]\n\nroom_query = input()\nprint(room_sessions[room_query])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `schedule` to process each workshop record, as the prompt requests."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_workshop_schedule_sketch0":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Create a one-workshop schedule as a list of tuples, then loop through it and unpack the record."},"allowReveal":true}},"nested-data-structures":{"label":"Estrikti Done Nwaye","summary":"Reprezante done ki soti nan mond reyèl la ak lis diksyonè ak kontenant anbreye.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ki estrikti done anbreye ki genyen"},"sketch1":{"title":"Li valè ki nan kontenè anbreye"},"sketch2":{"title":"Ap sikile atravè yon lis diksyonè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Looping through a list of records"},"project":{"title":"Pratike done anbreye ak fonksyon"}},"quiz":{"sc-1":{"title":"Chwazi pi bon estrikti a","prompt":"Ou vle estoke plizyè pwodwi, e chak pwodwi gen yon non ak yon pri. Ki estrikti ki pi apwopriye?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand la ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Yon sèl chèn ak tout non pwodwi yo","b":"Yon lis diksyonè","c":"Yon nimewo pou chak pwodwi","d":"Yon tup ki gen yon sèl pwodwi sèlman"}},"sc-2":{"title":"Li yon valè anbreye","prompt":"Bay `item = {\"name\": \"Pen\", \"info\": {\"price\": 2, \"stock\": 9}}`, ki ekspresyon bay valè `9`?","hint":"Premyeman, jwenn aksè nan diksyonè enteryè ki estoke nan `\"info\"`.","help":{"concept":"Pou li yon valè nan yon diksyonè anreta, jwenn aksè ak kle ekstèn nan an premye, epi apre sa ak kle entèn nan.","hint_1":"`\"stock\"` Li pa nan nivo siperyè `item` la; li andedan `item[\"info\"]`.","hint_2":"Ekspresyon kòrèk la itilize de rechèch nan parantèz nan lòd: kle ekstèn, apre sa kle entèn."},"options":{"a":"estòk","b":"estòk","c":"non[\"non\"][\"estòk\"]","d":"stòk atik 0"}},"mc-1":{"title":"Estrikti anbreye valab","prompt":"Ki nan sa yo ki se egzanp estrikti done anbreye nan Python? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Yon estrikti anbreye lè yon koleksyon estoke andedan yon lòt.","help":{"concept":"Estrikti done anbreye yo gen koleksyon andedan koleksyon, tankou yon lis andedan yon diksyonè oswa diksyonè andedan yon lis.","hint_1":"Tcheke si chak opsyon gen yon kontenè ki plase andedan yon lòt kontenè.","hint_2":"Yon nimewo senp oswa yon chèn senp poukont li pa anreta; konbinezon tankou lis-de-dict oswa dict-ak-lis yo anreta."},"options":{"a":"[{\"name\": \"Ava\"}, {\"name\": \"Ben\"}]","b":"{\"nòt\": [10, 20, 30]}","c":"katreven de","d":"Alo"}},"mc-2":{"title":"Modèl aksè itil","prompt":"Sipoze `players = [{\"name\": \"Mia\", \"points\": 7}, {\"name\": \"Leo\", \"points\": 5}]`. Ki ekspresyon ki valab pou li done nan estrikti sa a? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Kòmanse pa deside si ou bezwen yon endèks lis an premye oswa yon kle diksyonè an premye.","help":{"concept":"Pou yon lis diksyonè, ou itilize yon endèks nimerik pou chwazi yon diksyonè, epi yon kle chèn pou li yon valè nan diksyonè sa a.","hint_1":"`players` Se yon lis an premye, kidonk ekspresyon ki kòmanse ak yon kle chèn sou `players` pa kòrèk.","hint_2":"Chèche ekspresyon ki itilize `[0]` oswa `[1]` anvan `['name']` oswa `['points']`."},"options":{"a":"jwè[0][\"non\"]","b":"jwè[1][\"pwen\"]","c":"jwè[\"non\"]","d":"jwè[0][0]"}},"dr-1":{"title":"Aksede yon non vil","prompt":"Mete jeton sa yo nan lòd pou konstwi ekspresyon ki jwenn `\"Paris\"` nan `trip = {\"destination\": {\"city\": \"Paris\"}}`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste anvan apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Vwayaj","t2":"[\"destinasyon\"]","t3":"Vil"}},"dr-2":{"title":"Bati yon bouk sou anrejistreman yo","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou kreye yon bouk ki enprime non chak elèv ki soti nan`students`, yon lis diksyonè.","hint":"Antèt bouk la vini an premye, epi liy enprime ki gen retresi a vini apre li.","help":{"concept":"Pou fè yon bouk sou yon lis diksyonè, ekri yon bouk ``for`` ki pran yon diksyonè chak fwa, epi jwenn yon kle nan diksyonè sa a andedan bouk la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `student` kòm varyab bouk pou chak diksyonè nan `students`.","hint_2":"Apre antèt bouk la, liy enprime a ta dwe itilize `student[\"name\"]`."},"tokens":{"t1":"pou etidyan nan etidyan yo:","t2":"print(student[\"name\"])"}},"fb-1":{"title":"Ranpli kle ki manke a","prompt":"Konplete ekspresyon an pou li ka li nòt la nan premye diksyonè ki nan lis la.","hint":"Premye pati a`records[0]`, ba ou yon diksyonè.","help":{"concept":"Apre ou fin chwazi yon diksyonè nan yon lis, itilize non kle kòrèk la pou li valè ki nesesè a.","hint_1":"Ou deja gen premye anrejistreman an. Kounye a chwazi kle ki estoke rezilta nimerik la.","hint_2":"Valè ki manke a ta dwe kle diksyonè pou tèm ki manke a, pa endèks lis la oswa non varyab la."},"template":"dosye[0][\"[blank1]\"]","choices":["pwen","dosye","Zewo","non"]},"fb-2":{"title":"Ranpli kle ekstèn ki manke a","prompt":"Konplete ekspresyon an pou li ka li lis ki estoke andedan diksyonè a`data = {\"items\": [1, 2, 3]}`.","hint":"Ou bezwen kle ki endike lis enteryè a.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon diksyonè estoke yon lis, ou itilize kle diksyonè a an premye pou jwenn lis sa a.","hint_1":"Lis `[1, 2, 3]` la estoke anba yon sèl kle ki rele `data`.","hint_2":"Chwazi kle ki koresponn ak etikèt ki atache ak valè lis la."},"template":"done[\"[vid1]\"]","choices":["atik","done","lis","Zewo"]},"code-1":{"title":"Retounen tout non yo","prompt":"Chak atik nan `records` sere done yon moun. Konplete `get_names(records)` pa ajoute valè `\"name\"` chak anrejistreman nan lis `names`, epi retounen `names`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def get_names(records):\n names = []\n # add each record's name to names\n return names","solutionCode":"def get_names(records):\n names = []\n for record in records:\n names.append(record[\"name\"])\n return names"},"code-2":{"title":"Konte total estòk la","prompt":"Fini `total_stock(items)` pou li ka fè yon bouk atravè diksyonè atik yo, ajoute chak valè `\"stock\"` nan `total`, epi retounen total final la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def total_stock(items):\n total = 0\n # update total using each item's stock\n return total","solutionCode":"def total_stock(items):\n total = 0\n for item in items:\n total += item[\"stock\"]\n return total"},"code-3":{"title":"Jwenn nòt ki pi wo a","prompt":"Fini `highest_score(players)` pou li konpare `\"score\"` chak jwè pita ak `best` epi retounen nòt ki pi wo nan lis la.","hint":"Li tach la \"Jwenn nòt ki pi wo a\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def highest_score(players):\n best = players[0][\"score\"]\n # compare later scores with best\n return best","solutionCode":"def highest_score(players):\n best = players[0][\"score\"]\n for player in players:\n if player[\"score\"] > best:\n best = player[\"score\"]\n return best"},"try-nested-data-structures-checkpoint":{"title":"Li done anbrete","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon lis diksyonè. Enprime non dezyèm elèv la ak nòt li.","hint":"Itilize endèks `1`, epi kle diksyonè yo.","help":{"concept":"Done anbreye konbine kontenè, tankou yon lis diksyonè.","hint_1":"Itilize endèks `1`, epi kle diksyonè yo.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"students = [{\"name\": \"Ava\", \"score\": 88}, {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"score\": 91}]\n\n# Print Mia and her score on separate lines.\n","solutionCode":"students = [{\"name\": \"Ava\", \"score\": 88}, {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"score\": 91}]\nprint(students[1][\"name\"])\nprint(students[1][\"score\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak students[1] pou rive jwenn Mia olye pou w tape Mia dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle non ki nan diksyonè elèv la."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle nòt la nan diksyonè elèv la."}}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch0":{"title":"Li yon valè anbreye","prompt":"Itilize yon endèks lis an premye, epi yon kle diksyonè.","hint":"Enprime non premye elèv la.","help":{"concept":"Enprime non premye elèv la.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\n\n# Print the first student's name.\n","solutionCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\nprint(students[0]['name'])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak students[0] pou rive jwenn premye elèv la olye pou w tape Ava dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle non ki nan diksyonè elèv la."}}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime non yo ak nòt yo","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis diksyonè.","hint":"Fè yon bouk sou elèv yo epi enprime: non: nòt.","help":{"concept":"Fè yon sik sou elèv yo epi enprime: non: nòt.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\n\n# Loop through students and print: name: score\n","solutionCode":"students = [{'name': 'Ava', 'score': 92}, {'name': 'Mia', 'score': 85}]\nfor student in students:\n print(f\"{student['name']}: {student['score']}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon sik sou elèv yo olye pou w tape chak liy dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle non an pandan w ap bati chak liy."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle a pandan w ap bati chak liy."}}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch2":{"title":"Ajoute yon valè anbrete","prompt":"Ajoute yon nouvo valè nan lis ki estoke andedan diksyonè a, epi enprime dosye ki mete ajou a.","hint":"Ajoute 'Mia' nan lis elèv yo.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute 'Mia' nan lis elèv yo.","hint_1":"Ajoute 'Mia' nan lis elèv yo, epi enprime kou a.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"course = {'title': 'Python', 'students': ['Ava']}\n\n# Add 'Mia' to the students list.\n# Then print course.\n","solutionCode":"course = {'title': 'Python', 'students': ['Ava']}\ncourse['students'].append('Mia')\nprint(course)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak kle elèv yo nan diksyonè kou a."},"1":{"message":"Ajoute Mia nan lis etidyan kou a olye pou ranplase tout kou a."},"2":{"message":"Rele course['students'].append('Mia')."}}},"sc-best-structure":{"title":"Choose a structure for repeated records","prompt":"You need to store several products, and every product has a `name` and a `price`. Which structure best represents that data?","hint":"You need one collection for the whole group and labeled fields for each individual product.","help":{"concept":"A list of dictionaries is a common structure for several records that share the same labeled fields.","hint_1":"The outer list stores all products.","hint_2":"Each dictionary can store one product with keys such as `\"name\"` and `\"price\"`."},"options":{"a":"A list of dictionaries","b":"One long string","c":"A single dictionary for every product combined","d":"One integer"}},"sc-list-then-key":{"title":"Read from a list of dictionaries","prompt":"Given `players = [{\"name\": \"Mia\", \"score\": 7}, {\"name\": \"Leo\", \"score\": 5}]`, which expression gets Leo's score?","hint":"Select the second dictionary first, then read its `\"score\"` key.","help":{"concept":"For a list of dictionaries, access happens in layers: list index first, dictionary key second.","hint_1":"Leo is the second list item, so use index `1`.","hint_2":"Then use `['score']` on that dictionary."},"options":{"a":"players[1][\"score\"]","b":"players[\"score\"][1]","c":"players[1][1]","d":"players[\"Leo\"][\"score\"]"}},"sc-dict-then-key":{"title":"Read from a dictionary inside a dictionary","prompt":"Given `item = {\"name\": \"Pen\", \"info\": {\"price\": 2, \"stock\": 9}}`, which expression gets the stock value?","hint":"Open the outer `\"info\"` field before reading `\"stock\"` from the inner dictionary.","help":{"concept":"A dictionary nested inside another dictionary is read with one key lookup per layer.","hint_1":"`item[\"info\"]` gives the inner dictionary.","hint_2":"Then add `[\"stock\"]`."},"options":{"a":"item[\"info\"][\"stock\"]","b":"item[\"stock\"]","c":"item[0][\"stock\"]","d":"item[\"name\"][\"stock\"]"}},"sc-loop-record":{"title":"Understand the loop variable","prompt":"If `students` is a list of dictionaries, what does `student` hold during `for student in students:`?","hint":"The loop visits one item from the outer list at a time.","help":{"concept":"When a list contains dictionaries, the loop variable receives one whole dictionary record on each iteration.","hint_1":"`student` is not only a name or score.","hint_2":"Inside the loop you can read fields such as `student[\"name\"]`."},"options":{"a":"One student dictionary at a time","b":"Only the student's name","c":"Only the list index","d":"The entire students list every time"}},"try-nested-data-structures-sketch3":{"title":"Loop through dynamic student records","prompt":"Two student names and scores arrive as input. Build `students` as a list of two dictionaries using the keys `\"name\"` and `\"score\"`. Loop through `students` so `student` receives one dictionary at a time. Print each record exactly as `name: score`.","hint":"Build the records first, then use one loop over `students` and read both keys from the current `student`.","help":{"concept":"A loop over a list of dictionaries processes one whole record per iteration.","hint_1":"Use `for student in students:`.","hint_2":"Inside the loop, print `f\"{student['name']}: {student['score']}\"`."},"starterCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Build students as a list of two dictionaries.\n# Loop through students.\n# Print each student as: name: score\n","solutionCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\nstudents = [\n {\"name\": name1, \"score\": score1},\n {\"name\": name2, \"score\": score2}\n]\nfor student in students:\n print(f\"{student['name']}: {student['score']}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `students` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_nested_data_structures_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak yon lis diksyonè. Enprime non dezyèm elèv la ak nòt li."},"try_nested_data_structures_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize yon endèks lis an premye, epi yon kle diksyonè."},"try_nested_data_structures_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis diksyonè."},"try_nested_data_structures_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ajoute yon nouvo valè nan lis ki estoke andedan diksyonè a, epi enprime dosye ki mete ajou a."},"allowReveal":true,"try_nested_data_structures_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Build student records from input and loop through the list one dictionary at a time."}},"projectSteps":{"code_1":{"title":"Retounen tout non yo"},"code_2":{"title":"Konte total estòk la"},"code_3":{"title":"Jwenn nòt ki pi wo a"}}},"tuple-records-and-unpacking":{"label":"Tuple Records and Unpacking","summary":"Use tuples for fixed-shape records, read fields by position, unpack fields into meaningful names, and process tuple records in a loop.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Tuples as fixed-shape records"},"sketch1":{"title":"Unpacking fields into names"},"quiz":{"title":"Check your understanding"},"sketch2":{"title":"Looping through tuple records"}},"quiz":{"try-tuple-records-sketch0":{"title":"Build and read a shipment record","prompt":"A product name and quantity arrive as input. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then print the product using index `0` and the quantity using index `1`, each on its own line. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then use tuple indexing to read and print the first field followed by the second field.","hint":"Create one two-field tuple from the input variables, then read its two positions.","help":{"concept":"A tuple can hold related fields in a fixed order, and tuple indexes work like list indexes.","hint_1":"Build `shipment = (product, quantity)`.","hint_2":"Print `shipment[0]`, then `shipment[1]`."},"starterCode":"product = input()\nquantity = int(input())\n\n# Create shipment as a two-field tuple: product, then quantity.\n# Print the product using index 0.\n# Print the quantity using index 1.\n","solutionCode":"product = input()\nquantity = int(input())\n\nshipment = (product, quantity)\nprint(shipment[0])\nprint(shipment[1])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Create `shipment` as the tuple `(product, quantity)`."},"1":{"message":"Use index `0` to read the first tuple field."},"2":{"message":"Use index `1` to read the second tuple field."}}},"try-tuple-unpacking-sketch1":{"title":"Unpack a booking record","prompt":"A booking record is already stored as the provided `booking` value is a three-field tuple containing a workshop title, seat count, and day. Unpack the tuple into `title`, `seats`, and `day` in one assignment. Print the three variables on separate lines in that order. Unpack `booking` into the variables `title`, `seats`, and `day` in that order before printing the three values. Do not hard-code the known output.","hint":"The tuple has three fields, so use three target names on the left side of one assignment.","help":{"concept":"Unpacking replaces positional lookups with meaningful variable names.","hint_1":"Write `title, seats, day = booking`.","hint_2":"After unpacking, print `title`, `seats`, and `day` instead of hard-coding the values."},"starterCode":"booking = (\"Workshop\", 24, \"Friday\")\n\n# Unpack booking into title, seats, and day.\n# Print title, seats, and day on separate lines.\n","solutionCode":"booking = (\"Workshop\", 24, \"Friday\")\n\ntitle, seats, day = booking\nprint(title)\nprint(seats)\nprint(day)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Unpack the tuple with `title, seats, day = booking` before printing the fields."}}},"sc-tuple-purpose":{"title":"Choose a fixed-shape record","prompt":"A coordinate always has exactly two ordered fields: x and y. Which value best communicates that fixed two-field shape?","options":{"a":"[4, 9]","b":"(4, 9)","c":"{\"x\": 4, \"y\": 9}","d":"\"4, 9\""},"hint":"Use the collection type intended for an ordered record whose fields should not be changed in place.","help":{"concept":"A tuple is useful when a small ordered record has a stable shape.","hint_1":"A list is better when items are expected to be added, removed, or replaced.","hint_2":"Choose the value written with parentheses."}},"mc-tuple-facts":{"title":"Recognize tuple behavior","prompt":"Which statements about tuples are true?","options":{"a":"Tuple positions use zero-based indexes.","b":"append() adds a value to an existing tuple.","c":"A tuple can be unpacked into multiple names.","d":"Tuples can contain only strings."},"hint":"Separate how a tuple is read from whether its structure can be mutated.","help":{"concept":"Tuples are ordered and indexable, but they do not support list-style mutation methods.","hint_1":"Unpacking follows position order.","hint_2":"A tuple may hold values of different types."}},"fb-tuple-index":{"title":"Read the first tuple field","prompt":"Complete the expression that reads `\"North\"` from `direction = (\"North\", 12)`: `direction[___]`","options":{"a":"0","b":"1","c":"-2 + 1"},"hint":"Tuple indexing begins at the same position as list and string indexing.","help":{"concept":"Every Python sequence begins with the zero index.","hint_1":"The requested value is the first field.","hint_2":"Use the simplest direct index."}},"dr-tuple-unpack":{"title":"Build an unpacking assignment","prompt":"Arrange the tokens to unpack `record` into `name` and `score`.","tokens":{"t1":"name","t2":",","t3":"score","t4":"=","t5":"record"},"hint":"Put the target names on the left and the tuple variable on the right.","help":{"concept":"Unpacking is one assignment with one target name per tuple position.","hint_1":"The comma separates the two target names.","hint_2":"The tuple variable appears after the equals sign."}},"sc-tuple-immutable":{"title":"Recognize an invalid tuple mutation","prompt":"Given `point = (4, 9)`, which line tries to mutate the tuple and therefore cannot be used?","hint":"Tuples can be read and unpacked, but their existing positions cannot be reassigned.","help":{"concept":"Tuple values are ordered and indexable, but the tuple itself is immutable.","hint_1":"`point[0]` can be read.","hint_2":"Assigning a new value to `point[0]` attempts to change the tuple in place."},"options":{"a":"print(point[0])","b":"x, y = point","c":"point[0] = 7","d":"print(point)"}},"sc-unpack-shape":{"title":"Match names to tuple fields","prompt":"Given `student = (\"Ava\", 91, \"A\")`, which line correctly unpacks all three fields?","hint":"Unpacking needs one target name for each tuple position.","help":{"concept":"Tuple unpacking assigns positions from left to right into the same number of target names.","hint_1":"This tuple contains three fields.","hint_2":"Choose the assignment with three names on the left side."},"options":{"a":"name, score, grade = student","b":"name, score = student","c":"student = name, score, grade","d":"name = student"}},"sc-loop-unpack":{"title":"Unpack each record in a loop","prompt":"Given `registrations = [(\"Ava\", 2), (\"Noah\", 1)]`, which loop header gives meaningful names to both fields of each tuple?","hint":"Each item in `registrations` is a two-field tuple.","help":{"concept":"A `for` loop can unpack each tuple item directly into one variable per field.","hint_1":"Each record contains a name and a seat count.","hint_2":"Use `for name, seats in registrations:`."},"options":{"a":"for name, seats in registrations:","b":"for registrations in name, seats:","c":"for name in seats:","d":"for 0, 1 in registrations:"}},"try-tuple-loop-sketch2":{"title":"Build and loop through registration records","prompt":"Two registrations arrive as a name followed by a seat count. Create `registrations` as a list containing two tuples: `(name1, seats1)` and `(name2, seats2)`. Loop through the list by unpacking each tuple into `name` and `seats`, then print `name` and `seats` on one line for each registration.","hint":"Build a list of two tuple records first, then unpack each record directly in the `for` loop header.","help":{"concept":"A list can hold several fixed-shape tuple records, and a loop can unpack each record as it visits it.","hint_1":"Create `registrations = [(name1, seats1), (name2, seats2)]`.","hint_2":"Use `for name, seats in registrations:` and print the two current fields."},"starterCode":"name1 = input()\nseats1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nseats2 = int(input())\n\n# Create registrations as a list of two (name, seats) tuples.\n# Loop through registrations and unpack each tuple into name and seats.\n# Print name and seats on one line for each record.\n","solutionCode":"name1 = input()\nseats1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nseats2 = int(input())\n\nregistrations = [(name1, seats1), (name2, seats2)]\nfor name, seats in registrations:\n print(name, seats)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `registrations` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_tuple_records_sketch0":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"A product name and quantity arrive as input. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then print the product using index `0` and the quantity using index `1`, each on its own line. Create a tuple named `shipment` containing `product` first and `quantity` second. Then use tuple indexing to read and print the first field followed by the second field."},"try_tuple_unpacking_sketch1":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"A booking record is already stored as the provided `booking` value is a three-field tuple containing a workshop title, seat count, and day. Unpack the tuple into `title`, `seats`, and `day` in one assignment. Print the three variables on separate lines in that order. Unpack `booking` into the variables `title`, `seats`, and `day` in that order before printing the three values. Do not hard-code the known output."},"allowReveal":true,"try_tuple_loop_sketch2":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Build two tuple records from input, store them in a list, and unpack each record in a loop."}},"practice":{"practice-unpack-name-score":{"title":"Unpack a name and score record","prompt":"Read a name and a whole-number score. Store them together in a tuple named `record`, unpack the tuple into `name` and `score`, then print `NAME: SCORE`.","hint":"Create `(name_input, score_input)`, then assign `name, score = record`.","help":{"concept":"Tuple unpacking assigns each fixed record field to a matching variable in one statement.","hint_1":"Create `(name_input, score_input)`, then assign `name, score = record`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\n\n# Build record, unpack it, and print NAME: SCORE.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\n\n# Build record, unpack it, and print NAME: SCORE.\n"}},"solutionCode":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\nrecord = (name_input, score_input)\nname, score = record\nprint(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name_input = input().strip()\nscore_input = int(input())\nrecord = (name_input, score_input)\nname, score = record\nprint(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n"}}},"practice-tuple-first-and-last":{"title":"Read fields from a tuple record","prompt":"Read a city, a day, and a temperature. Store them as `(city, day, temperature)` in `record`, then print the first field and the last field on separate lines using tuple indexes.","hint":"The first field is index `0`; the last field can be accessed with `-1`.","help":{"concept":"A tuple keeps record fields in a stable order, so indexes can retrieve known positions directly.","hint_1":"The first field is index `0`; the last field can be accessed with `-1`.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\n\n# Build record and print its first and last fields.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\n\n# Build record and print its first and last fields.\n"}},"solutionCode":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\nrecord = (city, day, temperature)\nprint(record[0])\nprint(record[-1])\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"city = input().strip()\nday = input().strip()\ntemperature = int(input())\nrecord = (city, day, temperature)\nprint(record[0])\nprint(record[-1])\n"}}},"practice-loop-unpack-two-records":{"title":"Loop through tuple records with unpacking","prompt":"Read two names and two scores. Build a list containing two `(name, score)` tuples. Loop with `for name, score in records:` and print each record as `NAME -> SCORE`.","hint":"Build two tuples first, then unpack each tuple directly in the `for` loop header.","help":{"concept":"A loop can unpack each tuple record as it is visited, giving clear names to the fields without separate index lookups.","hint_1":"Build two tuples first, then unpack each tuple directly in the `for` loop header.","hint_2":"Run the program and compare the output with the expected example."},"starterCode":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Build two tuple records and loop through them with unpacking.\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Build two tuple records and loop through them with unpacking.\n"}},"solutionCode":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\nrecords = [(name1, score1), (name2, score2)]\nfor name, score in records:\n print(f\"{name} -> {score}\")\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name1 = input().strip()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input().strip()\nscore2 = int(input())\nrecords = [(name1, score1), (name2, score2)]\nfor name, score in records:\n print(f\"{name} -> {score}\")\n"}}}}},"updating-and-looping-dictionaries":{"label":"Mizajou ak Sikilasyon Diksyonè","summary":"Ajoute, mete ajou, efase, epi itilize yon bouk pou travèse done diksyonè yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ajoute, chanje, ak retire antre diksyonè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Fè yon bouk nan kle yo ak valè yo"},"sketch2":{"title":"Modèl diksyonè komen"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch3":{"title":"Looping through key-value pairs"},"sketch4":{"title":"Building a dictionary in a loop"},"project":{"title":"Mizajou Diksyonè Pratik"}},"quiz":{"sc-dict-update-existing":{"title":"Mizajou yon kle ki egziste deja","prompt":"Kisa k rive nan Python lè w kouri `profile[\"age\"] = 13` epi kle `\"age\"` la deja nan diksyonè a?","hint":"Asiyasyon ak yon kle ki egziste deja ranplase ansyen valè kle sa a.","help":{"concept":"Asiyasyon diksyonè a itilize kle a pou deside kote valè a ale. Si kle a deja egziste, Python kenbe kle a epi li chanje sèlman valè ki estoke a.","hint_1":"Sa a se pa yon operasyon endèks lis. Python chèche kle a `\"age\"` nan diksyonè a.","hint_2":"Mande si kle a nouvo oswa si li deja egziste. Kle ki egziste deja yo chanje, yo pa kopye."},"options":{"a":"Li mete ajou valè ki estoke pou `\"age\"`","b":"Li kreye yon dezyèm antre separe pou `\"age\"`.","c":"Li retire kle \"`\"age\"`\" la.","d":"Li tounen diksyonè a an yon lis"}},"sc-loop-direct-dict":{"title":"Sikle dirèkteman sou yon diksyonè","prompt":"Si `colors = {\"red\": 1, \"blue\": 2}`, kisa `for item in colors:` ba ou sou chak bouk?","hint":"Lè w itilize yon diksyonè poukont li, li ba ou yon sèl pati nan chak pè kle-valè, pa toude pati yo.","help":{"concept":"Yon bouk `for` senp sou yon diksyonè iterate sou kle li yo. Pou jwenn kle yo ak valè yo ansanm, ou itilize `.items()`.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa `item` ta ye an premye: yon non koulè oswa yon nimewo?","hint_2":"Varyab bouk la koresponn ak etikèt rechèch diksyonè a, pati ou itilize yo ant krèy kare."},"options":{"a":"Chak kle, tankou `\"red\"` ak `\"blue\"`","b":"Chak valè, tankou `1` ak `2`","c":"Chak kle ak valè ansanm otomatikman","d":"Longè diksyonè a chak fwa"}},"mc-valid-dict-changes":{"title":"Fason pou chanje yon diksyonè","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki ka chanje kontni yon diksyonè ki rele `stock`? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Panse sou ajoute oswa mete ajou ak kwochè kare, epi retire ak `del`.","help":{"concept":"Diksyonè yo ka chanje lè ou asiyen yon kle oswa lè ou efase yon kle. Lè ou li yon valè oswa enprime diksyonè a, sa pa modifye li.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon ki swa estoke yon valè nan `stock[...]` oswa retire yon kle nan `stock`.","hint_2":"Yon chwa kòrèk ajoute oswa mete ajou yon kle, epi yon lòt chwa kòrèk retire yon kle nèt."},"options":{"a":"`stock[\"pens\"] = 12`","b":"`del stock[\"pens\"]`","c":"`print(stock[\"pens\"])`","d":"`len(stock)`"}},"mc-items-loop":{"title":"Sèvi ak `.items()`","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou `for key, value in data.items():` ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Konsantre sou sa `.items()` bay nan bouk la.","help":{"concept":"Metòd `.items()` la bay pè kle-valè, konsa bouk la ka dekonprese chak pè an de varyab.","hint_1":"Tcheke si bouk la resevwa yon sèl bagay oswa de bagay nan chak antre diksyonè.","hint_2":"De deklarasyon yo vre: youn sou fason pou jwenn toude pati nan chak antre, epi youn sou sans `key` ak `value`."},"options":{"a":"Li pèmèt ou travay ak kle a ak valè a nan chak bouk.","b":"`key` Sere kle diksyonè a pou pè aktyèl la.","c":"Li mache sèlman pou lis, pa pou diksyonè.","d":"Li retire antre yo pandan li ap boukle."}},"dr-update-sequence":{"title":"Kòmande chanjman diksyonè yo","prompt":"Mete liy sa yo nan bon lòd pou kreye yon diksyonè, mete ajou yon valè, ajoute yon nouvo kle, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint":"Kòmanse pa kreye diksyonè a anvan ou eseye chanje li.","help":{"concept":"Yon diksyonè dwe egziste anvan ou ka mete ajou oswa ajoute antre. Apre chanjman yo, enprime a montre eta final la.","hint_1":"Premye a se liy literal diksyonè a, epi dènye a se \"`print`\".","hint_2":"Ant yo, mete ajou kle `\"tea\"` ki egziste deja epi ajoute nouvo kle `\"juice\"` la."},"tokens":{"t1":"bwason = {\"te\": 2}","t2":"bwason[\"te\"] = 3","t3":"bwason[\"ji\"] = 1","t4":"print(drinks)"}},"dr-loop-items-order":{"title":"Bati yon bouk ak `.items()`","prompt":"Aranje jeton yo pou fè yon bouk ki enprime chak kle ak valè ki soti nan`scores`.","hint":"Antèt bouk la vini an premye, apre sa liy enprime ki gen retresi a.","help":{"concept":"Yon bouk diksyonè ak `.items()` itilize `for key, value in scores.items():` epi apre sa yon deklarasyon anndan bouk la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `.items()` nan antèt bouk la pou tou de varyab yo resevwa done.","hint_2":"Apre kolon an, pwochen liy lan ta dwe gen yon entansyon epi enprime tou de varyab bouk yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"for non, nòt nan scores.items():","t2":"print(name, score)"}},"fb-remove-key":{"title":"Retire yon antre nan diksyonè a","prompt":"Chwazi kòd ki manke a pou retire kle `\"done\"` nan diksyonè a.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa kòmand la dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"[blank1] tach[\"fini\"]","choices":["del","Enprime","retounen","pou"]},"fb-items-method":{"title":"Konplete metòd bouk la","prompt":"Chwazi metòd ki manke a pou bouk la jwenn tou de kle yo ak valè yo.","hint":"Itilize metòd diksyonè a ki retounen pè kle-valè.","help":{"concept":"Metòd `.the missing term()` la retounen chak antre diksyonè kòm yon pè kle-valè, ki ka dekonpaké nan de varyab bouk.","hint_1":"Metòd tankou `.keys()` ak `.values()` bay sèlman yon pati chak.","hint_2":"Ou bezwen metòd ki koresponn ak `for key, value in ...`."},"template":"pou kle, valè nan done.[blank1]():","choices":["atik","Kle","valè","Ajoute"]},"ci-update-score":{"title":"Mete yon nòt ajou epi retounen diksyonè a","prompt":"Ekri `update_score(scores, name, new_score)` pou mete ajou antre ki egziste deja pou `name` oswa ajoute li si li pa la, epi retounen diksyonè `scores` la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def update_score(scores, name, new_score):\n # update or add the score, then return the dictionary\n pass","solutionCode":"def update_score(scores, name, new_score):\n scores[name] = new_score\n return scores"},"ci-remove-key":{"title":"Retire yon kle si li egziste","prompt":"Ekri `remove_item(data, key_name)` pou li retire `key_name` nan diksyonè a lè kle sa a prezan, epi li retounen diksyonè a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Retire yon kle si li egziste\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def remove_item(data, key_name):\n # remove the key when it is present, then return the dictionary\n pass","solutionCode":"def remove_item(data, key_name):\n if key_name in data:\n del data[key_name]\n return data"},"ci-format-items":{"title":"Bati liy apati pè diksyonè","prompt":"Ekri `format_inventory(items)` pou li konstwi epi retounen yon lis chenn nan fòma `\"name: count\"`, tankou `\"pens: 3\"`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman yo mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def format_inventory(items):\n # return a list like [\"pens: 3\", \"paper: 2\"]\n result = []\n \n return result","solutionCode":"def format_inventory(items):\n result = []\n for name, count in items.items():\n result.append(f\"{name}: {count}\")\n return result"},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-checkpoint":{"title":"Mizajou ak sik atravè nòt yo","prompt":"Mete nòt Mia a sou `91`, epi enprime chak non ak nòt kòm `name: score`.","hint":"Asiyen bay `scores[\"Mia\"]`, epi fè yon bouk ak `.items()`.","help":{"concept":"Diksyonè yo ka mete ajou lè yo asiyen yon valè bay yon kle ki egziste deja.","hint_1":"Asiyen bay `scores[\"Mia\"]`, epi boukle ak `.items()`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"scores = {\"Ava\": 88, \"Mia\": 79}\n\n# Update Mia to 91.\n# Print each name and score.\n","solutionCode":"scores = {\"Ava\": 88, \"Mia\": 79}\nscores[\"Mia\"] = 91\nfor name, score in scores.items():\n print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Mete scores['Mia'] a 91 olye pou enprime rezilta final la dirèkteman."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch0":{"title":"Mizajou yon konte","prompt":"Li, mete ajou, epi estoke yon valè diksyonè.","hint":"Ogmante pòm yo pa 3.","help":{"concept":"Ogmante pòm yo pa 3.","hint_1":"Ogmante pòm yo pa 3, epi enprime kantite yo.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"counts = {'apples': 2, 'bananas': 1}\n\n# Increase apples by 3.\n# Then print counts.\n","solutionCode":"counts = {'apples': 2, 'bananas': 1}\ncounts['apples'] += 3\nprint(counts)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ogmante konte 'apples' pa 3 olye pou ranplase diksyonè final la."},"1":{"message":"Print the updated `stock` dictionary itself after changing it."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime liy envantè yo","prompt":"Itilize `.items()` pou sikle kle yo ak valè yo ansanm.","hint":"Fè yon bouk atravè envantè a epi enprime liy tankou: plim: 3.","help":{"concept":"Fè yon bouk atravè envantè a epi enprime liy tankou: plim: 3.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"inventory = {'pens': 3, 'markers': 2}\n\n# Loop through inventory and print lines like: pens: 3\n","solutionCode":"inventory = {'pens': 3, 'markers': 2}\nfor item, count in inventory.items():\n print(f'{item}: {count}')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk atravè envantè a olye pou w tape liy envantè yo dirèkteman."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch2":{"title":"Konstwi yon diksyonè longè","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis epi ranpli yon diksyonè.","hint":"Sere longè chak mo nan lengths.","help":{"concept":"Sere longè chak mo nan lengths.","hint_1":"Sere longè chak mo nan lengths, epi enprime lengths yo.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"words = ['red', 'blue']\nlengths = {}\n\n# Store each word's length in lengths.\n# Then print lengths.\n","solutionCode":"words = ['red', 'blue']\nlengths = {}\nfor word in words:\n lengths[word] = len(word)\nprint(lengths)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon sik atravè mo yo olye pou w tape diksyonè longè final la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak len(word) pou kalkile longè chak mo."},"2":{"message":"Stok chak longè ak lengths[word] = len(word)."}}},"sc-add-or-update":{"title":"Use one assignment for add or update","prompt":"What does `stock[item] = amount` do when `item` is used as a dictionary key?","hint":"The same square-bracket assignment works whether the key already exists or not.","help":{"concept":"Dictionary assignment adds a new key when it is missing and updates the value when the key already exists.","hint_1":"Python checks whether the key stored in `item` is already present in `stock`.","hint_2":"A missing key is added; an existing key receives the new value."},"options":{"a":"It adds the key if missing or updates its value if it already exists","b":"It can only add new keys","c":"It can only change existing keys","d":"It removes the key from the dictionary"}},"sc-safe-delete":{"title":"Remove a key only when it exists","prompt":"Which pattern safely removes the key stored in `key` from `settings` only when that key exists?","hint":"Check membership before using `del`.","help":{"concept":"A membership check can guard a deletion so a missing key does not cause an error.","hint_1":"Use `key in settings` as the condition.","hint_2":"Place `del settings[key]` inside that `if` block."},"options":{"a":"if key in settings:\n del settings[key]","b":"if settings[key]:\n del key","c":"settings.remove(key)","d":"del key in settings"}},"sc-items-loop":{"title":"Get keys and values together","prompt":"Which loop header gives both the key and value from each entry in `scores`?","hint":"Use the dictionary method that provides key-value pairs.","help":{"concept":"`.items()` provides each dictionary entry as a key-value pair that can be unpacked into two loop variables.","hint_1":"The loop needs two variables because each item contains two pieces.","hint_2":"Use `for name, score in scores.items():`."},"options":{"a":"for name, score in scores.items():","b":"for name, score in scores:","c":"for score in scores.values, names:","d":"for scores.items() in name, score:"}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch3":{"title":"Print dynamic score pairs with .items()","prompt":"Two student names and scores arrive as input. Build a dictionary named `scores` from those two pairs. Then loop through the dictionary's `items()` method by unpacking each pair into `name` and `score`. Print each entry exactly as `name: score`.","hint":"Build the dictionary first, then use `for name, score in scores.items():`.","help":{"concept":"`.items()` lets a loop work with the key and value together without a separate lookup.","hint_1":"Create `scores = {name1: score1, name2: score2}`.","hint_2":"In the loop, print `f\"{name}: {score}\"`."},"starterCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\n# Create scores from the two name/score pairs.\n# Loop through scores.items() as name, score.\n# Print each entry as: name: score\n","solutionCode":"name1 = input()\nscore1 = int(input())\nname2 = input()\nscore2 = int(input())\n\nscores = {name1: score1, name2: score2}\nfor name, score in scores.items():\n print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `scores` as the prompt requests."}}},"try-updating-and-looping-dictionaries-sketch4":{"title":"Build word lengths in a dictionary","prompt":"Three words arrive as input. Store them in a list named `words`. Create an empty dictionary named `lengths`. Loop through `words` and store each word as a key with `len(word)` as its value. Print the completed `lengths` dictionary.","hint":"Inside the loop, assign to a dictionary key with `lengths[word] = len(word)`.","help":{"concept":"A loop can build a dictionary one key-value pair at a time.","hint_1":"Create `words` from the three inputs and initialize `lengths = {}` before the loop.","hint_2":"For each `word`, store its calculated length with `lengths[word] = len(word)`."},"starterCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\n# Create words from the three input values.\n# Create an empty dictionary named lengths.\n# Loop through words and store each word's length.\n# Print lengths.\n","solutionCode":"first = input()\nsecond = input()\nthird = input()\n\nwords = [first, second, third]\nlengths = {}\nfor word in words:\n lengths[word] = len(word)\nprint(lengths)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop over `words` as the prompt requests."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Mete nòt Mia a sou `91`, epi enprime chak non ak nòt kòm `name: score`."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li, mete ajou, epi estoke yon valè diksyonè."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize `.items()` pou sikle kle yo ak valè yo ansanm."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè yon bouk sou yon lis epi ranpli yon diksyonè."},"allowReveal":true,"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch3":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Two student names and scores arrive as input. Build a dictionary named `scores` from those two pairs. Then loop through the dictionary's `items()` method by unpacking each pair into `name` and `score`. Print each entry exactly as `name: score`."},"try_updating_and_looping_dictionaries_sketch4":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Build a word-length dictionary one entry at a time inside a loop."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_update_score":{"title":"Mete yon nòt ajou epi retounen diksyonè a"},"ci_remove_key":{"title":"Retire yon kle si li egziste"},"ci_format_items":{"title":"Bati liy apati pè diksyonè"}}},"module-5-gradebook-project":{"label":"Pwojè Kaye Nòt Modil 5","summary":"Bati yon ti pwojè rejis nòt pa etap konsantre ki kenbe vèsyon k ap fonksyone anvan an epi ajoute yon lide koleksyon chak fwa.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Konprann Lis ak Diksyonè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou"},"project":{"title":"Pwojè Kaye Nòt"}},"projectSteps":{"exercise1":{"title":"Kreye yon lis elèv"},"exercise2":{"title":"Ajoute nòt pou elèv yo"},"exercise3":{"title":"Kalkile mwayèn nòt la"}},"tryIt":{"allowReveal":true,"try_module_5_gradebook_project_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri yon fonksyon `create_student_list` ki retounen yon lis non elèv yo. Fonksyon an pa dwe pran okenn paramèt epi li dwe retounen yon lis ki gen 'Alice', 'Bob', ak 'Charlie'."}},"quiz":{"exercise1":{"title":"Kreye yon lis elèv","prompt":"Kòmanse pwojè modil la. Nan etap 1 sou 3, ekri yon fonksyon `create_student_list` ki retounen yon lis non elèv yo. Fonksyon an pa dwe pran okenn paramèt epi li dwe retounen yon lis ki gen 'Alice', 'Bob', ak 'Charlie'.","hint":"Sa a se premye etap pwojè a. Bati yon vèsyon kòmansman pwòp, epi kouri li anvan ou kontinye.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè modil sa a pwogresif. Chak etap kòmanse ak solisyon ki te deja ap fonksyone epi li ajoute yon karakteristik ki byen konsantre.","hint_1":"Sa a se premye etap pwojè a. Bati yon vèsyon kòmansman pwòp, epi kouri li anvan ou kontinye.","hint_2":"Klike sou Kouri epi konpare panèl sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def create_student_list():\n # Create a list of student names\n return []","solutionCode":"def create_student_list():\n return ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']"},"exercise2":{"title":"Ajoute nòt pou elèv yo","prompt":"Kontinye menm pwojè modil la depi etap travay anvan an. Nan etap 2 sou 3, ekri yon fonksyon `add_grades` ki pran yon lis non elèv ak yon lis nòt, epi ki retounen yon diksyonè ki map chak elèv ak nòt li.","hint":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè modil sa a pwogresif. Chak etap kòmanse ak solisyon ki te deja ap fonksyone epi li ajoute yon karakteristik ki byen konsantre.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ki t ap fonksyone anvan an an premye, epi fè sèlman chanjman ki konsantre pou etap sa a."},"starterCode":"def create_student_list():\n return ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n# Project step 2: Add Grades to Students\n# Keep the working code above from the previous step.\n# Next, Write a function `add_grades` that takes a list of student names and a list of grades, and returns a dictionary mapping each student to their grade\n# Add only the focused change for this step below or inside the existing work.\n","solutionCode":"def add_grades(students, grades):\n return dict(zip(students, grades))"},"exercise3":{"title":"Kalkile mwayèn nòt la","prompt":"Kontinye menm pwojè modil la depi etap travay anvan an. Nan etap 3 sou 3, ekri yon fonksyon `calculate_average` ki pran yon diksyonè nòt elèv yo epi retounen mwayèn nòt la.","hint":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè modil sa a pwogresif. Chak etap kòmanse ak solisyon ki te deja ap fonksyone epi li ajoute yon karakteristik ki byen konsantre.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak kòd k ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an. Kenbe kòd sa a, swiv nouvo kòmantè yo, epi ajoute sèlman pwochen konpòtman ki konsantre a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ki te deja ap mache a an premye, epi fè sèlman chanjman ki konsantre pou etap sa a."},"starterCode":"def add_grades(students, grades):\n return dict(zip(students, grades))\n# Project step 3: Calculate Average Grade\n# Keep the working code above from the previous step.\n# Next, Write a function `calculate_average` that takes a dictionary of student grades and returns the average grade\n# Add only the focused change for this step below or inside the existing work.\n","solutionCode":"def calculate_average(grades):\n return sum(grades.values()) / len(grades)"}}}},"python-6-functions-and-modularity":{"decomposition-and-refactoring":{"label":"Dekompozisyon ak Refaktoring","summary":"Divize yon gwo travay an fonksyon èd ki klè.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Poukisa kraze yon pwogram an fonksyon èd?"},"sketch1":{"title":"Rekonèt kòd ki repete"},"sketch2":{"title":"Fè chak fonksyon fè yon sèl travay klè."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Refaktore yon gwo travay an edikatè ki ka itilize ankò."}},"quiz":{"sc-1":{"title":"Pi bon rezon pou ekstrè yon helper","prompt":"Ki sitiyasyon ki bay rezon ki pi fò pou mete kòd nan yon fonksyon èd?","hint":"Chèche lojik ki repete ki fè menm travay la nan plis pase yon sèl kote.","help":{"concept":"Fonksyon èd yo espesyalman itil lè menm lojik la parèt plizyè fwa, paske yon sèl fonksyon ka ranplase kòd ki repete epi fè mizajou yo pi fasil.","hint_1":"Konpare chwa yo epi jwenn youn kote menm etap yo ta sinon kopye.","hint_2":"Yon èd gen plis valè lè yon travay ki ka reitilize parèt plizyè fwa, pa sèlman paske yon pwogram gen anpil liy."},"options":{"a":"Yon non varyab kout","b":"Menm etap netwayaj yo ekri nan plizyè kote.","c":"Pwogram nan itilize input() yon sèl fwa.","d":"Yon deklarasyon enprime parèt nan fen an."}},"sc-2":{"title":"Sa refactorizasyon ta dwe konsève","prompt":"Lè w refaktore yon pwogram k ap mache, kisa ki ta dwe rete menm jan?","hint":"Refactorizasyon chanje estrikti, pa rezilta pwogram nan vize a.","help":{"concept":"Refactorizasyon amelyore lizibilite oswa òganizasyon pandan li prezève konpòtman, kidonk pwogram nan ta dwe toujou pwodwi menm rezilta pou menm antre yo.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa itilizatè yo remake: pwogram nan dwe toujou rezoud menm pwoblèm nan kòrèkteman.","hint_2":"Aranjman kòd la ka chanje, men rezilta ak konpòtman pou menm antre a pa dwe chanje."},"options":{"a":"Kantite fonksyon yo dwe diminye","b":"Non varyab yo dwe rete idantik","c":"Konpòtman pwogram nan pou menm antre a dwe rete kòrèk.","d":"Chak liy dwe rete nan menm lòd la"}},"mc-1":{"title":"Siy ki montre yon fonksyon ap fè twòp","prompt":"Ki chwa yo ki sijere ke yon fonksyon ta dwe divize an ti fonksyon èd? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Chèche responsablite melanje ak moso lojik ki repete.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon souvan bezwen dekonpozisyon lè li jere plizyè travay diferan oswa li gen lòjik ki repete ki ta ka reitilize lòt kote.","hint_1":"Youn nan endis yo se ke fonksyon an toude transfòme done epi fòmate rezilta final la nan yon blòk long.","hint_2":"Yon lòt endis se lè w wè moso kòd ki prèske menm jan oswa yon fonksyon ki eseye netwaye, kalkile, epi afiche tout an menm tan."},"options":{"a":"Li netwaye tèks la, kalkile yon rezilta, epi fòmate yon mesaj nan yon sèl blòk long.","b":"Li genyen moso kòd ki repete ak sèlman ti chanjman.","c":"Li gen yon sèl deklarasyon retou kout pou yon sèl travay klè.","d":"Li difisil pou dekri travay fonksyon an nan yon fraz."}},"mc-2":{"title":"Avantaj fonksyon èd yo","prompt":"Ki vrè benefis ki genyen lè w divize kòd an fonksyon èd? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Panse sou lizibilite, reyitilizasyon, ak tès.","help":{"concept":"Fonksyon èd yo amelyore òganizasyon an lè yo bay ti travay yo non klè, diminye redondans, epi fè lojik la pi fasil pou teste separeman.","hint_1":"Etydè itil yo anjeneral fè kòd la pi fasil pou li epi pèmèt ou reitilize yon moso lojik nan plizyè kote.","hint_2":"Yo ede w teste yon ti konpòtman alafwa; yo pa fè chak pwogram ki gen liy pi kout otomatikman."},"options":{"a":"Ou ka reitilize menm lojik la nan plizyè kote.","b":"Ti moso pi fasil pou teste youn apre lòt.","c":"Chak pwogram ap toujou itilize mwens liy an total","d":"Non fonksyon yo ka esplike sa chak etap fè."}},"dr-1":{"title":"Refaktore netwayaj repete","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan pi bon lòd pou refaktore kòd netwayaj tèks ki repete a an yon fonksyon èd.","hint":"Premyeman idantifye travay ki repete a, apre sa defini èd la, epi ranplase duplikat yo.","help":{"concept":"Yon refactoraj pwòp anjeneral kòmanse lè w remake lojik ki repete, w ekstrè li nan yon fonksyon, epi w rele fonksyon sa a kote sa nesesè.","hint_1":"Ou pa ta dwe ranplase ansyen kòd ak apèl edikatè anvan edikatè a egziste.","hint_2":"Konpòtman ki repete a dwe idantifye an premye, apre sa deplase l nan yon fonksyon, epi itilize l apati kote orijinal yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"Remake menm lojik netwayaj la parèt plis pase yon fwa.","t2":"Ekri yon fonksyon èd pou travay netwayaj sa a.","t3":"Ranplase kòd ki repete a ak apèl nan fonksyon èd la.","t4":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konfime ke konpòtman an toujou kòrèk."}},"dr-2":{"title":"Kijan yon pwogram ki baze sou èdye fonksyone","prompt":"Aranje etap yo nan lòd yo rive lè modèl sa a kouri: antre a netwaye, apre sa li itilize pou konstwi yon mesaj, epi li enprime.","hint":"Yon èd retounen yon valè anvan pwochen fonksyon an itilize li.","help":{"concept":"Nan kòd dekonpoze, yon fonksyon souvan retounen yon valè netwaye, yon lòt fonksyon itilize valè sa a pou konstwi yon rezilta, epi kòd prensipal la enprime rezilta final la.","hint_1":"Tèks ki netwaye a dwe egziste anvan yo ka konstwi yon salitasyon oswa yon rezime apati de li.","hint_2":"Enpresyon se anjeneral dènye etap la apre fonksyon èd yo fin retounen valè ki nesesè yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele asistan netwayaj la ak tèks orijinal la","t2":"Resevwa tèks ki netwaye a kòm valè retou.","t3":"Sèvi ak tèks ki netwaye a pou konstwi mesaj final la.","t4":"Enprime mesaj final la"}},"fb-1":{"title":"Rele asistan an","prompt":"Chwazi apèl fonksyon ki itilize èd la pou netwaye varyab `name` la.","hint":"Blank la ta dwe yon apèl ki pase `name` nan helper la.","help":{"concept":"Pou itilize yon fonksyon èd, ekri non li, mete l nan parantèz epi pase agiman ki nesesè a andedan.","hint_1":"Ou ap ranpli bò dwat yon devwa, kidonk espas vid la dwe pwodwi yon valè.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki rele `clean_name` ak `name` andedan parantèz yo."},"template":"non bèl = [espas1]","choices":["netwaye_non(non)","non = netwaye_non","print(name)","retounen non_pwòp"]},"fb-2":{"title":"Retou soti nan yon èd","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki manke a ki voye valè ki kalkile a tounen soti nan fonksyon an.","hint":"Anndan yon fonksyon, yon mo kle voye yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon èd itilize retou valè pa referans (`the missing term`) pou voye yon rezilta tounen, konsa lòt kòd ka anrejistre li, enprime li, oswa itilize li nan yon lòt kalkil.","hint_1":"`print` Li montre tèks nan panèl sòti a, men li pa voye yon valè reyitilizab tounen bay apèlè a.","hint_2":"Mo ki manke a se mo kle yo itilize anvan yon ekspresyon tankou `text.strip()` lè fonksyon an dwe pwodwi yon valè."},"template":"def clean_text(text):\n [blank1] text.strip().lower()","choices":["retounen","Enprime","Antre","defini"]},"ci-1":{"title":"Ekstrè yon èd pou netwaye","prompt":"Ekri `clean_name(name)` pou li retounen vèsyon netwaye `name`. Ede sa a ta dwe fè travay netwayaj non an olye pou li repete lòt kote.","hint":"Li tach la \"Extract a cleaning helper\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(name):\n # return the cleaned version of name\n pass","solutionCode":"def clean_name(name):\n return name.strip().title()"},"ci-2":{"title":"Bati yon rezime ak èdè","prompt":"Divize travay sa a an de fonksyon èd. `word_count(text)` ta dwe retounen kantite mo yo, epi `summary(text)` ta dwe rele fonksyon èd sa a epi retounen yon chèn tankou `Words: 3`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Bati yon rezime ak èd\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def word_count(text):\n # return the number of words\n pass\n\n\ndef summary(text):\n # return a string like: Words: 3\n pass","solutionCode":"def word_count(text):\n return len(text.split())\n\n\ndef summary(text):\n count = word_count(text)\n return f\"Words: {count}\""},"ci-3":{"title":"Refaktore kalkil ki repete yo nan fonksyon èd.","prompt":"Konplete `double(number)` ak `triple(number)`, epi itilize fonksyon ede sa yo andedan `combined_total(a, b)` olye pou w repete kalkil yo la.","hint":"Li tach la \"Refactor repeated math into helpers\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def double(number):\n pass\n\n\ndef triple(number):\n pass\n\n\ndef combined_total(a, b):\n # use the helper functions here\n pass","solutionCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\n\ndef triple(number):\n return number * 3\n\n\ndef combined_total(a, b):\n return double(a) + triple(b)"},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-checkpoint":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon fonksyon èd.","prompt":"Defini `clean_title(text)` ki retire espas vid epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil nan tèks la. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" python helper \"` la.","hint":"Sèvi ak `.strip().title()` andedan yon fonksyon èd.","help":{"concept":"Dekompozisyon vle di deplase yon sèl etap klè nan yon fonksyon èd.","hint_1":"Itilize `.strip().title()` andedan yon fonksyon èd.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def clean_title(text):\n # Return the cleaned title.\n pass\n\nprint(clean_title(\" python helper \"))\n","solutionCode":"def clean_title(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\nprint(clean_title(\" python helper \"))\n"},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye tèks ak yon èd","prompt":"Avanse yon sèl pa klè nan yon fonksyon èd.","hint":"Retire espas vid epi mete tèks la an lèt piti.","help":{"concept":"Retire espas vid epi mete tèks la an lèt piti.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def clean_text(text):\n # Strip whitespace and lowercase the text.\n pass\n\nprint(clean_text(' HELLO '))\n","solutionCode":"def clean_text(text):\n return text.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_text(' HELLO '))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `clean_name(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Call `clean_name(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-sketch1":{"title":"Separe yon non konplè","prompt":"Yon èd ka kache yon ti etap tretman chèn.","hint":"Retounen premye mo nan full_name.","help":{"concept":"Retounen premye mo nan full_name.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def get_first_name(full_name):\n # Return the first word from full_name.\n pass\n\nprint(get_first_name('Ava Smith'))\n","solutionCode":"def get_first_name(full_name):\n return full_name.split()[0]\n\nprint(get_first_name('Ava Smith'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `word_count(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-decomposition-and-refactoring-sketch2":{"title":"Konbine de asistan","prompt":"Yon èd ka rele yon lòt èd.","hint":"Retounen 'Badge: ' plis non ki netwaye a.","help":{"concept":"Retounen 'Badge: ' plis non ki netwaye a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def clean(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef badge(name):\n # Return 'Badge: ' plus the cleaned name.\n pass\n\nprint(badge(' ava '))\n","solutionCode":"def clean(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef badge(name):\n return 'Badge: ' + clean(name)\n\nprint(badge(' ava '))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itilize clean(name) andedan badge la olye pou w kode yon egzanp fiks."}}},"sc-refactor-goal":{"title":"What refactoring should preserve","prompt":"What is the main goal when refactoring code that already works?","hint":"The structure may improve, but the program should still do the same job for the same inputs.","help":{"concept":"Refactoring changes code structure without intentionally changing observable behavior.","hint_1":"Function names and line layout may change.","hint_2":"The same inputs should still produce the same intended results."},"options":{"a":"Improve the structure while preserving the program's behavior","b":"Change the output so the refactor is easy to notice","c":"Remove every function from the program","d":"Keep every original line in exactly the same place"}},"sc-extract-repetition":{"title":"Spot a helper candidate","prompt":"A program uses `name.strip().title()` in four different places. Which refactor best reduces that duplication?","hint":"Move the repeated transformation into one named operation.","help":{"concept":"Repeated logic is a strong candidate for a helper function.","hint_1":"The cleanup should have one definition.","hint_2":"Each old duplicate can then be replaced by a helper call."},"options":{"a":"Create `clean_name(name)` and call it from each place","b":"Copy the cleanup into four more places","c":"Rename all four variables but keep the duplicate cleanup","d":"Add extra print statements around each copy"}},"sc-one-responsibility":{"title":"Give a helper one clear job","prompt":"Which helper has the clearest single responsibility in a program that reads text, counts words, and formats a report?","hint":"A helper is easiest to understand when its name describes one focused task.","help":{"concept":"Decomposition separates distinct jobs so each function has a clear responsibility.","hint_1":"Counting words is one focused transformation.","hint_2":"Reading input, counting, formatting, and printing all at once mixes several responsibilities."},"options":{"a":"`word_count(text)` returns the number of words","b":"`do_everything()` reads input, counts, formats, and prints","c":"`stuff(x)` performs several unrelated actions","d":"`run()` duplicates the whole program twice"}},"sc-helper-reuse":{"title":"Reuse an existing helper","prompt":"`clean_name(name)` already returns a cleaned name. Inside `build_badge(name)`, which line best reuses that existing responsibility?","hint":"Call the helper instead of rewriting its `.strip().title()` logic.","help":{"concept":"Once a responsibility has a helper, other functions should call that helper instead of duplicating its implementation.","hint_1":"The helper call should receive `name`.","hint_2":"Store or use the value returned by `clean_name(name)`."},"options":{"a":"nice_name = clean_name(name)","b":"nice_name = name.strip().title()","c":"clean_name = name","d":"print = clean_name"}}},"tryIt":{"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `clean_title(text)` ki retire espas vid epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil nan tèks la. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" python helper \"` la."},"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Avanse yon sèl pa klè nan yon fonksyon asistans."},"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon èd ka kache yon ti etap tretman chèn."},"try_decomposition_and_refactoring_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon èd ka rele yon lòt èd."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_1":{"title":"Ekstrè yon èd pou netwaye"},"ci_2":{"title":"Bati yon rezime ak èdè"},"ci_3":{"title":"Refaktore kalkil ki repete yo nan fonksyon èd."}}},"defining-and-calling-functions":{"label":"Definir ak Rele Fonksyon","summary":"Kreye fonksyon epi rele yo ak agiman.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ki fonksyon sa fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Apèl fonksyon ak agiman"},"sketch2":{"title":"Fonksyon yo ka retounen valè"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pwojè Fonksyon Pratik"}},"quiz":{"sc-function-call":{"title":"Rekonèt yon apèl fonksyon","prompt":"Ki liy ki rele yon fonksyon ki rele `greet`?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"def greet():","b":"Salye","c":"Enprime = Salye","d":"retounen salye"}},"sc-parameter-meaning":{"title":"Konprann yon paramèt","prompt":"Nan `def greet(name):`, kisa `name` ye?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Yon mesaj enprime","b":"Yon paramèt","c":"Yon valè retou","d":"Yon lis"}},"mc-valid-calls":{"title":"Chwazi apèl fonksyon ki valab yo.","prompt":"Yon fonksyon defini kòm `def greet(name):`. Ki apèl ki valab? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Fonksyon an atann egzakteman yon sèl agiman.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fonksyon gen yon sèl paramèt, chak apèl dwe bay yon sèl agiman andedan parantèz yo.","hint_1":"Tcheke konbyen valè chak apèl pase bay`greet(...)`.","hint_2":"Apèl valab yo gen egzakteman yon sèl valè ant parantèz yo, ni zewo ni de."},"options":{"a":"Salye Ava","b":"Salye","c":"Salye (\"Ava\", \"Leo\")","d":"Salye Mina"}},"mc-return-uses":{"title":"Fason pou itilize yon valè ki retounen","prompt":"Yon fonksyon `double(x)` retounen yon nimewo. Ki liy yo itilize valè retounen sa a kòrèkteman? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Yon valè retounen ka estoke oswa enprime.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fonksyon retounen yon valè, ou ka mete apèl la nenpòt kote yo ka itilize yon valè nòmal, tankou nan yon asiyasyon oswa andedan yon ekspresyon kondisyonèl (`print(...)`).","hint_1":"Chèche liy kote `double(4)` trete tankou yon valè.","hint_2":"Liy kòrèk yo swa estoke rezilta a nan yon varyab oswa pase rezilta a nan yon lòt fonksyon tankou `print`."},"options":{"a":"rezilta = double(4)","b":"print(double(4))","c":"retou = double(4)","d":"def double(4):"}},"dr-define-then-call":{"title":"Kòmande yon pwogram pou yon fonksyon senp","prompt":"Mete liy sa yo nan bon lòd pou defini yon fonksyon epi rele li.","hint":"Fonksyon an dwe defini anvan yo rele li.","help":{"concept":"Python li kòd la depi anlè desann. Definisyon yon fonksyon vini an premye, kò li rete antre anba li, epi apèl la vini apre definisyon an.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy `def` la, epi mete liy kò a ki gen entansyon anba li.","hint_2":"Apre de liy definisyon yo fin ansanm, mete apèl fonksyon an an dènye."},"tokens":{"t1":"def say_hi():","t2":"print(\"Hi\")","t3":"di bonjou()"}},"dr-call-with-argument":{"title":"Kòmande yon fonksyon ak yon paramèt","prompt":"Arranje liy yo pou defini yon e`show_name`, epi rele li ak `\"Ava\"`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki mete aksyon Python an an plas.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"def show_name(name):","t2":"print(name)","t3":"show_name(\"Ava\")"}},"fb-def-keyword":{"title":"Konplete yon definisyon fonksyon","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki kòmanse yon definisyon fonksyon.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa ki dekri nan mesaj la.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"[blank1] salye():","choices":["defini","Enprime","rele","retounen"]},"fb-call-argument":{"title":"Ranpli agiman an","prompt":"Chwazi valè ki konplete apèl fonksyon an.","hint":"Apèl fonksyon an ta dwe pase non ki parèt nan gitas.","help":{"concept":"Yon agiman se valè ki mete andedan parantèz yo lè w ap rele yon fonksyon.","hint_1":"Gade sitasyon yo ki deja parèt nan apèl la.","hint_2":"Pati ki manke a se valè tèks egzak ki ant parantèz yo, enkli lèt majiskil la."},"template":"Salye","choices":["Ava","non","Salye","Enprime"]},"ci-make-greeting":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou salye","prompt":"Ekri `make_greeting(name)` pou li retounen yon chèn salitasyon pou non sa a.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ekri yon fonksyon salitasyon\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n # return a greeting string\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n return \"Hello, \" + name"},"ci-square-number":{"title":"Remèt kare a","prompt":"Ekri `square(number)` pou li retounen kare `number`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def square(number):\n # return the square of number\n pass","solutionCode":"def square(number):\n return number * number"},"ci-full-name":{"title":"Konbine non premye ak non dènye","prompt":"Ekri `full_name(first, last)` pou li retounen prenon ak non ki konbine ansanm nan yon sèl chèn.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n # return the full name as one string\n pass","solutionCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n return first + \" \" + last"},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-checkpoint":{"title":"Defini epi rele yon fonksyon","prompt":"Defini `say_hello()` pou li enprime `Hello from a function!`, epi rele li.","hint":"Mete `print()` anndan kò fonksyon an, epi rele fonksyon ki anba li a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon gwoupe deklarasyon ki ka egzekite lè yo rele non fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Mete `print()` anndan kò fonksyon an, epi rele fonksyon ki anba li a.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"# Define say_hello() below.\n\n","solutionCode":"def say_hello():\n print(\"Hello from a function!\")\n\nsay_hello()\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Defini yon fonksyon ki rele say_hello()."},"1":{"message":"Rele say_hello() apre ou fin defini li."}}},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-sketch0":{"title":"Defini epi rele greet","prompt":"Defini fonksyon an anvan ou rele li.","hint":"Defini greet(name) pou li retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name.","help":{"concept":"Defini greet(name) pou li retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name.","hint_1":"Defini greet(name) pou li retounen 'Hello, ' + name, epi enprime greet('Ava').","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"# Define greet(name) so it returns 'Hello, ' + name.\n# Then print greet('Ava').\n","solutionCode":"def greet(name):\n return 'Hello, ' + name\n\nprint(greet('Ava'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-sketch1":{"title":"Apèl yon fonksyon kare","prompt":"Rele fonksyon an epi enprime valè retou li.","hint":"Enprime kare(5).","help":{"concept":"Enprime kare (5).","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def square(number):\n return number * number\n\n# Print square(5).\n","solutionCode":"def square(number):\n return number * number\n\nprint(square(5))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-defining-and-calling-functions-sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon fonksyon èd de fwa","prompt":"Re-itilize menm fonksyon an pou de antre diferan.","hint":"Enprime shout('go') ak shout('team'), youn pa liy.","help":{"concept":"Enprime shout('go') ak shout('team'), youn pa liy.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def shout(text):\n return text.upper()\n\n# Print shout('go') and shout('team'), one per line.\n","solutionCode":"def shout(text):\n return text.upper()\n\nprint(shout('go'))\nprint(shout('team'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"sc-definition-vs-call":{"title":"Definition or call?","prompt":"Which line calls an already-defined function named `greet`?","hint":"A call uses the function name followed by parentheses, without the `def` keyword.","help":{"concept":"A function definition creates the named block of code; a function call runs that block.","hint_1":"`def greet():` starts the definition.","hint_2":"To run the function later, write `greet()`."},"options":{"a":"def greet():","b":"greet()","c":"print = greet","d":"return greet"}},"sc-function-body-indent":{"title":"Identify the function body","prompt":"Which line correctly belongs inside the body of `def show_message():`?","hint":"Statements inside a function body are indented under the `def` line.","help":{"concept":"Indentation tells Python which statements belong to the function body.","hint_1":"The body line must be indented.","hint_2":"The call itself belongs after the definition, not inside its body."},"options":{"a":" print(\"Ready\")","b":"def print(\"Ready\")","c":"show_message():","d":"return = \"Ready\""}},"sc-call-count":{"title":"Count function calls","prompt":"A function `ping()` prints `Ping` once. If the program contains `ping()` on two separate lines, how many times is `Ping` printed?","hint":"Each function call runs the function body once.","help":{"concept":"Calling the same function repeatedly reuses the same body each time.","hint_1":"The first call runs the print once.","hint_2":"The second call runs that same print once again."},"options":{"a":"Two times","b":"One time","c":"Zero times","d":"The function can only be called once"}},"sc-define-before-call":{"title":"Place the call after the definition","prompt":"Which program order correctly defines `cheer()` before trying to call it?","hint":"Python runs top-level statements from top to bottom.","help":{"concept":"The function name must already be defined by the time Python reaches the call.","hint_1":"Put the `def cheer():` block first.","hint_2":"Place `cheer()` after the indented function body."},"options":{"a":"define `cheer()`, then call `cheer()`","b":"call `cheer()`, then define `cheer()`","c":"call `cheer()` without defining it","d":"put the call before the indented body"}}},"tryIt":{"try_defining_and_calling_functions_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `say_hello()` pou li enprime `Hello from a function!`, epi rele li."},"try_defining_and_calling_functions_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini fonksyon an anvan ou rele li."},"try_defining_and_calling_functions_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Rele fonksyon an epi enprime valè retou li."},"try_defining_and_calling_functions_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Re-itilize menm fonksyon an pou de antre diferan."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_make_greeting":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou salye"},"ci_square_number":{"title":"Remèt kare a"},"ci_full_name":{"title":"Konbine non premye ak non dènye"}}},"docstrings-and-function-contracts":{"label":"Kòd dokimantasyon ak kontra fonksyon","summary":"Dokimante sa yon fonksyon atann, sa li retounen, ak kijan pou itilize li kòrèkteman.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa yon docstring ak yon kontra fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Ekri dokstreng ki klè"},"sketch2":{"title":"Kontrak yo ta dwe di retou olye de enprime."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Dokimante epi aliyen konpòtman fonksyon yo"}},"quiz":{"sc-docstring-location":{"title":"Kote yon docstring ale","prompt":"Ki kote yo ta dwe mete docstring yon fonksyon?","hint":"Chèche chèn ki parèt imedyatman andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon docstring fonksyon se premye literal chèn ki nan kò fonksyon an, dirèkteman anba liy deklarasyon an.","hint_1":"Li pa mete devan definisyon fonksyon an oswa apre deklarasyon return lan.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon kote chèn tèks ki ant twa guillemet vini touswit apre `def ...:`."},"options":{"a":"Drekteman anba definisyon fonksyon an kòm premye deklarasyon an","b":"Anndan lis paramèt la","c":"Apre deklarasyon retou a","d":"Sèlman nan fen pwogram nan"}},"sc-contract-purpose":{"title":"Sa yon kontra fonksyon eksplike","prompt":"Ki objektif prensipal yon kontra fonksyon?","hint":"Panse sou antre ak sòti.","help":{"concept":"Yon kontra fonksyon di lòt pwogramè ki valè yon fonksyon atann li epi ki rezilta oswa konpòtman li bay.","hint_1":"Yon kontra se sou fason pou itilize fonksyon an kòrèkteman, pa sou chanje sentaks Python.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki mansyone agiman yo espere ak rezilta ki retounen."},"options":{"a":"Li esplike ki antre fonksyon an atann ak sa li retounen.","b":"Li korije ensèk yo nan fonksyon an otomatikman.","c":"Sa fè fonksyon an kouri pi vit.","d":"Li ranplase bezwen non fonksyon yo."}},"mc-good-docstring-features":{"title":"Karakteristik yon docstring ki itil","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki dekri yon bon dokstring fonksyon? Chwazi tout sa ki aplikab.","hint":"Chèche deklarasyon ki fè fonksyon an pi fasil pou itilize kòrèkteman.","help":{"concept":"Dokstrings ki itil yo espesifik, yo koresponn ak kòd la, epi yo esplike konpòtman fonksyon an klè ase pou yon moun ka rele l kòrèkteman.","hint_1":"Bon dokstrings yo anjeneral mansyone sa fonksyon an retounen oswa sa li fè ak antre li yo.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki klè ak egzak, pa sa ki vag oswa ki pa gen rapò."},"options":{"a":"Li di klèman sa fonksyon an retounen oswa sa li fè.","b":"Li matche ak konpòtman aktyèl kòd la.","c":"Li ta dwe osi vag ke posib pou li mache pou nenpòt fonksyon.","d":"Li ka mansyone atant enpòtan pou antre yo."}},"mc-return-vs-print-contract":{"title":"Retou kont enprime nan yon kontra","prompt":"Yon docstring di yon fonksyon retounen yon valè. Ki modèl kòd ki matche ak kontra sa a? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche fonksyon ki voye yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon kontra di yon fonksyon retounen yon valè, fonksyon an dwe itilize yon valè retou (`return`) pou moun ki rele l la ka anrejistre oswa reitilize rezilta a.","hint_1":"Enpresyon montre rezilta, men li pa bay apèlè a yon valè ki ka itilize ankò.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki itilize \"`return`\" pou pwodwi rezilta a."},"options":{"a":"`return a + b`","b":"`return name.upper()`","c":"`print(a + b)`","d":"`print(\"Done\")`"}},"dr-docstring-order":{"title":"Lòd yon fonksyon dokimante","prompt":"Mete pati sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou yon fonksyon senp ki dokimante.","hint":"Kòmanse ak antèt fonksyon an, apre sa ak docstring la, epi ak kò a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon dokimante ekri nan yon lòd estanda: premye liy definisyon an, apre sa docstring la, epi kòd egzekitab la.","hint_1":"Docstring la dwe andedan fonksyon an, pa anvan liy `def` la.","hint_2":"Apre docstring la, mete deklarasyon ki kalkile oswa retounen rezilta a."},"tokens":{"t1":"`def double(number):`","t2":"`\"\"\"Return twice number.\"\"\"`","t3":"`return number * 2`"}},"dr-contract-reading":{"title":"Li yon kontra fonksyon nan lòd","prompt":"Aranje ide sa yo nan yon lòd ki sansib pou konprann yon kontra fonksyon.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste anvan yo apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Antre fonksyon an atann","t2":"Sa fonksyon an fè","t3":"Valè fonksyon an retounen"}},"fb-return-word":{"title":"Konplete tèks dokimantasyon an.","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki pi byen konplete dokstring la.","hint":"Fraz la dekri bay yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Docstrings souvan itilize mo \"`the missing term`\" lè yon fonksyon voye yon valè tounen olye pou l enprime li.","hint_1":"Espas vid sa a ta dwe yon vèb ki matche ak konpòtman stil`the missing term total`.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki vle di fonksyon an retounen yon rezilta bay moun ki rele l la."},"template":"`\"\"\"[blank1] the sum of two numbers.\"\"\"`","choices":["Retounen","Enprime","Fè yon bouk nan","Enpòte"]},"fb-docstring-position":{"title":"Konplete egzanp fonksyon an","prompt":"Chwazi liy ki ranpli espas vid la kòrèkteman.","hint":"Liy ki manke a ta dwe dokstring la, pa kòd ki fè kalkil la.","help":{"concept":"Docstring la se yon chèn deskriptif ki plase kòm premye deklarasyon anndan kò fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Blank la vini touswit apre tit fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi chèn tèks ki ant twa guillemet ki dekri rezilta fonksyon an."},"template":"```python\ndef square(number):\n [blank1]\n return number * number\n```","choices":["`\"\"\"Return the square of number.\"\"\"`","`print(number * number)`","`number * number`","`square(number)`"]},"ci-add-docstring":{"title":"Ajoute yon dokstring ki koresponn","prompt":"Ajoute yon docstring anba `make_lower(text)` ki di klèman sa fonksyon an retounen.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ajoute yon dokstring ki koresponn\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def make_lower(text):\n # Add a docstring below.\n return text.lower()","solutionCode":"def make_lower(text):\n \"\"\"Return the lowercase version of text.\"\"\"\n return text.lower()"},"ci-write-contract-function":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon dokimante ak yon kontra klè.","prompt":"Ekri `repeat_word(word, times)` pou li retounen tèks la repete, epi ajoute yon docstring ki esplike kontra a klèman.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ekri yon fonksyon dokimante ak yon kontra klè\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def repeat_word(word, times):\n # Add a docstring and return the repeated word.\n pass","solutionCode":"def repeat_word(word, times):\n \"\"\"Return word repeated times times.\"\"\"\n return word * times"},"ci-fix-print-vs-return":{"title":"Ranje dezakò kontra a","prompt":"Docstring la di ke fonksyon `total_price(price, tax)` ta dwe retounen total la, men kòd demaraj la enprime li pito. Ranje fonksyon an pou konpòtman li matche ak docstring la.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ranje dezakò kontra a\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def total_price(price, tax):\n \"\"\"Return the total of price and tax.\"\"\"\n print(price + tax)","solutionCode":"def total_price(price, tax):\n \"\"\"Return the total of price and tax.\"\"\"\n return price + tax"},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-checkpoint":{"title":"Ekri yon helper dokimante","prompt":"Defini `square(number)` ak yon docstring epi retounen kare nimewo a. Enprime `square(5)`.","hint":"Mete yon chèn tèks ki gen twa guillemet kòm premye liy anndan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon docstring dekri kontra fonksyon an pou lektè ak zouti.","hint_1":"Mete yon chèn tèks ki ant twa guyòt kòm premye liy anndan fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def square(number):\n # Add a docstring and return the square.\n pass\n\nprint(square(5))\n","solutionCode":"def square(number):\n \"\"\"Return number multiplied by itself.\"\"\"\n return number * number\n\nprint(square(5))\n"},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-sketch0":{"title":"Ekri yon helper dokimante","prompt":"Yon docstring esplike sa fonksyon an atann ak sa li retounen.","hint":"Ajoute yon docstring epi retounen tèks la san mak fòma epi ak tit an majiskil.","help":{"concept":"Ajoute yon docstring epi retounen tèks la san mak fòma epi ak tit an majiskil.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(text):\n # Add a docstring and return text stripped and title-cased.\n pass\n\nprint(clean_name(' ava '))\n","solutionCode":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped of extra space and converted to title case.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n\nprint(clean_name(' ava '))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-sketch1":{"title":"Retounen rezilta ki dokimante a","prompt":"Fè kòd la matche ak kontra ki dekri nan dokstrin nan.","hint":"Konplete deklarasyon retou a.","help":{"concept":"Konplete deklarasyon retou a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp):\n \"\"\"Return Celsius for a Fahrenheit temperature.\"\"\"\n # Finish the return statement.\n pass\n\nprint(round(fahrenheit_to_celsius(32), 1))\n","solutionCode":"def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp):\n \"\"\"Return Celsius for a Fahrenheit temperature.\"\"\"\n return (temp - 32) * 5 / 9\n\nprint(round(fahrenheit_to_celsius(32), 1))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-docstrings-and-function-contracts-sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon tchèk stil kontra","prompt":"Aplikasyon an dwe swiv kontra ki deklare a egzakteman.","hint":"Kòmanse ak premye liy ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Kòmanse ak premye liy ki manke a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def is_valid_score(score):\n \"\"\"Return True when score is between 0 and 100 inclusive.\"\"\"\n pass\n\nprint(is_valid_score(105))\nprint(is_valid_score(95))\n","solutionCode":"def is_valid_score(score):\n \"\"\"Return True when score is between 0 and 100 inclusive.\"\"\"\n return 0 <= score <= 100\n\nprint(is_valid_score(105))\nprint(is_valid_score(95))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"sc-real-docstring":{"title":"Identify a real function docstring","prompt":"Which placement makes a string the docstring for `clean(text)`?","hint":"Python recognizes the first string literal in the function body as its docstring.","help":{"concept":"A function docstring is a string literal used as the first statement inside that function.","hint_1":"A comment does not become the function's docstring.","hint_2":"The triple-quoted string belongs directly under the `def` line, before executable statements."},"options":{"a":"def clean(text):\n \"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"\n return text.strip()","b":"\"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"\ndef clean(text):\n return text.strip()","c":"def clean(text):\n return text.strip()\n \"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"","d":"def clean(text):\n # \"\"\"Return cleaned text.\"\"\"\n return text.strip()"}},"sc-contract-content":{"title":"What a useful contract explains","prompt":"Which docstring most clearly describes the contract of `double(number)`?","hint":"A useful beginner contract says what input the function works with and what result comes back.","help":{"concept":"A clear contract describes the function's expected input and the result or behavior it provides.","hint_1":"Avoid vague wording such as 'Do something with a number.'","hint_2":"The best choice states that the function returns twice the given number."},"options":{"a":"\"\"\"Return twice the given number.\"\"\"","b":"\"\"\"Do something.\"\"\"","c":"\"\"\"This is Python code.\"\"\"","d":"\"\"\"Print anything eventually.\"\"\""}},"sc-contract-match":{"title":"Match code to the contract","prompt":"The docstring says `\"\"\"Return the uppercase version of text.\"\"\"`. Which function body matches that contract?","hint":"The caller must receive the uppercase string as a value.","help":{"concept":"Documentation is useful only when it agrees with the implementation.","hint_1":"The contract says `Return`, so printing alone is not enough.","hint_2":"Return `text.upper()`."},"options":{"a":"return text.upper()","b":"print(text.upper())","c":"input(text.upper())","d":"text = \"upper\""}},"sc-read-contract":{"title":"Implement from a stated contract","prompt":"A function's docstring says `\"\"\"Return True when score is 70 or higher.\"\"\"`. Which expression should the function return?","hint":"Translate the documented condition directly into a Boolean expression.","help":{"concept":"A contract can guide implementation by stating exactly what result is expected.","hint_1":"The boundary value 70 should count as True.","hint_2":"Use a greater-than-or-equal comparison."},"options":{"a":"score >= 70","b":"score > 70","c":"score == 70","d":"print(score)"}}},"tryIt":{"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `square(number)` ak yon dokstring epi retounen kare nimewo a. Enprime `square(5)`."},"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon docstring esplike sa fonksyon an atann ak sa li retounen."},"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fè kòd la matche ak kontra ki dekri nan docstring la."},"try_docstrings_and_function_contracts_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Aplikasyon an dwe swiv kontra ki deklare a egzakteman."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_add_docstring":{"title":"Ajoute yon dokstring ki koresponn"},"ci_write_contract_function":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon dokimante ak yon kontra klè."},"ci_fix_print_vs_return":{"title":"Ranje dezakò kontra a"}}},"module-6-name-badge-package":{"label":"Pwojè Modil: Bati yon pake badj non","summary":"Bati aplikasyon badj \"welcome-table\" la yon sèl èdè alafwa pou li grandi soti nan netwayaj non pou vin yon pake plizyè fichye ki byen poli.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Yon klib bezwen badj anvan evènman an kòmanse."},"project":{"title":"Pake Badj Non"}},"projectSteps":{"mp_1":{"title":"Kreye modil pou netwaye non an"},"mp_2":{"title":"Ajoute modil èd badj la"},"mp_3":{"title":"Dokimante epi netwaye asistan badj la."},"mp_4":{"title":"Enprime badj akey final la"}},"quiz":{"mp-1-create-clean-name-module":{"title":"Kreye modil pou netwaye non an","prompt":"Kòmanse aplikasyon badj la pa deplase netwayaj non an nan pwòp dosye èd li. Kreye yon fonksyon ``tools/names.py`` ak ``clean_name(text)``, enpòte li nan ``main.py``, li yon non nan antre a, epi enprime rezilta netwaye a.","hint":"Mete lojik netwayaj ki ka itilize ankò nan `tools/names.py`, epi kite `main.py` rele li.","help":{"concept":"Yon modil èd kenbe lojik ki ka itilize ankò andeyò `main.py`, sa ki fè li pi fasil pou devlope aplikasyon badj la.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)` epi retounen `text.strip().title()`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`, li antre a, epi enprime non ki netwaye a."},"starterCode":"raw_name = input()\n\n# Start the badge app by moving name cleanup into tools/names.py.\n# Import clean_name, then print the cleaned version of raw_name.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name(text) andedan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas vid yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an majiskil tit."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"mp-2-add-badge-helper":{"title":"Ajoute modil èd badj la","prompt":"Kenbe asistan `clean_name` k ap mache a soti nan dènye etap la. Kounye a, ajoute `tools/badges.py` ak `make_badge(name, role)`, enpòte li nan `main.py`, li yon wòl tou, epi enprime badj fini a.","hint":"Kite `tools/names.py` ap mache, ajoute yon nouvo fichye èd, epi konekte li nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Etap sa a ajoute yon dezyèm fichye èd pou chak modil gen yon sèl travay klè: netwaye non yo, fòmate tèks badj yo.","hint_1":"Kreye yon sit entènèt ak `make_badge(name, role)`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, netwaye non an an premye, epi pase `name` ak `role` nan `make_badge(...)`."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\n\n# Keep the name cleaner working, then add tools.badges.\n# Import make_badge and print the finished badge for this cleaned name and role.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"# Add make_badge(name, role) here.\n# Return one formatted string for the badge.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan zouti.badges."},"1":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"2":{"message":"make_badge ta dwe mete wòl la an majiskil."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"mp-3-document-badge-helper":{"title":"Dokimante epi netwaye asistan badj la.","prompt":"Kòmanse ak aplikasyon badj ki gen de asistan k ap travay la. Kenbe rezilta a menm jan, men amelyore fonksyon ``tools/badges.py`` la lè w ajoute yon dokstring epi netwaye wòl la anvan w konvèti l an lèt majiskil.","hint":"Etap sa a rafine asistan an an plas olye pou chanje koule jeneral aplikasyon an.","help":{"concept":"Ti fonksyon èd yo pi fasil pou kenbe lè yo eksplike tèt yo epi jere antre dezòdone yo byen.","hint_1":"Ajoute yon docstring anba `def make_badge(name, role):` ki gen twa guillemet.","hint_2":"Sere `role.strip().upper()` nan yon varyab anvan ou retounen tèks badj la."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n\n# Keep this badge flow working.\n# Add the next improvement inside tools/badges.py.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n # Add a docstring that explains what this helper returns.\n # Then clean role before uppercasing it so extra spaces do not reach the badge.\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return a formatted badge label for a cleaned name and role.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ajoute yon docstring nan make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"1":{"message":"Netwaye wòl la anvan ou mete l an majiskil."},"2":{"message":"Mete wòl la an majiskil nan make_badge."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"mp-4-package-welcome-message":{"title":"Enprime badj akey final la","prompt":"Kòmanse ak aplikasyon badj ki dokimante a. Kenbe tou de asistan yo, estoke badj la nan yon varyab, epi ranplase enprime badj dirèk la ak yon sèl liy final zanmitay ki kòmanse ak `Welcome!`.","hint":"Re-itilize koule asistans ki egziste deja a, men fè rezilta final la santi l tankou yon remiz travay byen rafine.","help":{"concept":"Aplikasyon final la itilize ti modil èd pou fè pwogram prensipal la li tankou yon istwa senp: pran antre, netwaye li, konstwi badj la, enprime mesaj akeyi a.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `badge = make_badge(name, role)` apre netwaye non an.","hint_2":"Enprime yon liy ki kòmanse ak `Welcome!` epi ki gen tèks badj la."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n\n# Replace the line above with one polished welcome message.\n# Store the badge in a variable, then print a line that starts with Welcome!.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return a formatted badge label for a cleaned name and role.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(f\"Welcome! {badge}\")\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return a formatted badge label for a cleaned name and role.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Bati badj la ak make_badge() olye pou w kode tèks final la dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Enprime dènye mesaj akey la."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(f\"Welcome! {badge}\")\n"},"try-module-6-name-badge-package-sketch0":{"title":"Kreye premye fichye èd pou badj la","prompt":"Konfigire premye èd la pou aplikasyon badj la.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" ava \"` la.","hint":"Mete `clean_name` nan `tools/names.py`, epi enpòte li nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè badj la kòmanse pa deplase netwayaj non an nan pwòp fichye èd li.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/names.py`, retounen `text.strip().title()` soti nan `clean_name(text)`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name` epi enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/names.py with clean_name(text).\n# Then import clean_name from tools.names and print clean_name(\" ava \").\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_name nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name nan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an titil-case."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n # Return text stripped and title-cased.\n pass\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"}}},"mp-1-move-name-helper":{"title":"Move name cleanup into names.py","prompt":"Start from the working single-file badge program. Refactor it without changing the output: move `clean_name(text)` into a new sibling file named `names.py`, then import it in `main.py` with a from-import that brings `clean_name` in from the `names` module. Keep `make_badge` in `main.py` for this step.","hint":"Only the name-cleaning responsibility moves in this step.","help":{"concept":"A refactor can move one helper into its own module while preserving the app's existing behavior.","hint_1":"Create `names.py` with the existing `clean_name(text)` function.","hint_2":"Remove that function definition from `main.py` and import it from `names`."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import for `clean_name` from `names`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"mp-2-move-badge-helper":{"title":"Move badge formatting into badges.py","prompt":"Continue from the previous exact project state. Move `make_badge(name, role)` out of `main.py` into a new sibling file `badges.py`, import it with a from-import that brings `make_badge` in from the `badges` module, and keep the same badge output.","hint":"After this step, `main.py` should coordinate the two imported helpers instead of defining either one.","help":{"concept":"Different sibling modules can own different responsibilities while `main.py` connects their returned values.","hint_1":"Create `badges.py` and move the existing `make_badge` behavior there.","hint_2":"Import both `clean_name` and `make_badge` in `main.py`."},"starterCode":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\n\ndef make_badge(name, role):\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.strip().upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import for `make_badge` from `badges`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Call `make_badge(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"mp-3-document-helper-contracts":{"title":"Document and refine the helper contracts","prompt":"Keep the two-module badge app behavior unchanged. Add the exact docstring `\"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"` as the first statement in `clean_name`. Add the exact docstring `\"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"` as the first statement in `make_badge`. In `make_badge`, store `role.strip().upper()` in local variable `clean_role` before returning the badge.","hint":"This step changes documentation and internal structure, not the app's output.","help":{"concept":"A documented helper should have a real function docstring that matches its behavior, and local variables can make intermediate work clearer.","hint_1":"Put each requested triple-quoted string directly under its `def` line.","hint_2":"In `badges.py`, create `clean_role = role.strip().upper()` and build the returned badge from `clean_role`."},"starterCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.strip().upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use `upper()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"mp-4-add-welcome-helper":{"title":"Add the final welcome-message helper","prompt":"Continue from the documented two-helper app. Create a sibling module `messages.py` with `welcome_message(badge)`. Give it the docstring `\"\"\"Return a welcome message containing the badge.\"\"\"` and return `\"Welcome! \" + badge`. Import it in `main.py` and print the returned welcome message.","hint":"The new helper owns only the final message; keep name cleanup and badge formatting in their existing modules.","help":{"concept":"The finished app decomposes three responsibilities across three small sibling modules while `main.py` coordinates their returned values.","hint_1":"Create `messages.py` with a documented `welcome_message(badge)` function.","hint_2":"Import it with `from messages import welcome_message` and print `welcome_message(badge)`."},"starterCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(badge)\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionCode":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\nfrom messages import welcome_message\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(welcome_message(badge))\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from names import clean_name\nfrom badges import make_badge\nfrom messages import welcome_message\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(welcome_message(badge))\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n \"\"\"Return text stripped and title-cased.\"\"\"\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n \"\"\"Return an uppercase-role badge for the cleaned name.\"\"\"\n clean_role = role.strip().upper()\n return f\"{clean_role} badge: {name}\"\n"},"messages_py":{"content":"def welcome_message(badge):\n \"\"\"Return a welcome message containing the badge.\"\"\"\n return \"Welcome! \" + badge\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_module_6_name_badge_package_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Konfigire premye èd la pou aplikasyon badj la.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime vèsyon netwaye `\" ava \"` la."},"allowReveal":true}},"parameters-and-return-values":{"label":"Paramèt ak Valè Retou","summary":"Pase done nan fonksyon epi retounen rezilta yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Paramèt yo pèmèt yon fonksyon travay ak diferan valè."},"sketch1":{"title":"Retounen yon valè diferan de enprime li."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"sketch2":{"title":"Return sends a result back to the caller"},"project":{"title":"Pratike retounen valè nan fonksyon"}},"quiz":{"sc-parameter-role":{"title":"Sa yon paramèt fè","prompt":"Nan `def greet(name):`, kisa `name` ye?","hint":"Gade valè ki pase nan apèl fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon paramèt se yon varyab nan definisyon yon fonksyon ki resevwa yon valè lè yo rele fonksyon an.","hint_1":"`name` Li parèt anndan parantèz definisyon fonksyon an, kidonk li fè pati antre fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Mande ki chwa ki dekri yon plasdèten ki jwenn valè li nan yon apèl tankou `greet(\"Ava\")`."},"options":{"a":"Yon paramèt ki resevwa yon valè agiman","b":"Yon liy sòti enprime","c":"Yon metòd lis","d":"Yon deklarasyon sou retou"}},"sc-return-purpose":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize return","prompt":"`return` fè nan yon fonksyon Python?","hint":"Panse sou fason yon fonksyon voye yon rezilta tounen bay kòd ki rele li a.","help":{"concept":"Enstriksyon `return` la fini apèl fonksyon an epi li retounen yon valè bay moun ki rele a.","hint_1":"Kontrèman ak `print`, `return` pa montre sitou tèks nan panèl rezilta a.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki konsène voye yon rezilta soti nan fonksyon an pou li ka estoke oswa itilize pita."},"options":{"a":"Li repete fonksyon an otomatikman","b":"Li voye yon valè tounen bay apèlè a.","c":"Li kreye yon nouvo paramèt","d":"Li chanje non fonksyon an."}},"mc-return-uses":{"title":"Fason pou itilize yon valè ki retounen","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki itilize kòrèkteman valè yon fonksyon retounen? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Yon valè retounen ka estoke, enprime, oswa itilize andedan yon lòt ekspresyon.","help":{"concept":"Valè ki retounen yo konpòte yo tankou valè nòmal, kidonk yo ka asiyen, enprime, oswa konbine nan ekspresyon.","hint_1":"Chèche liy kote apèl fonksyon an parèt kote yon valè nòmal ta ka parèt.","hint_2":"Yon apèl fonksyon ki retounen yon nimewo ka ale sou bò dwat `=` oswa andedan `print(...)`."},"options":{"a":"`total = add(2, 3)`","b":"`print(add(2, 3))`","c":"`return = add(2, 3)`","d":"`def add = (2, 3)`"}},"mc-print-vs-return":{"title":"Enprime kont retou","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou `print` ak `return` ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Youn montre rezilta a kounye a, epi lòt la retounen yon valè bay moun ki rele a.","help":{"concept":"`print` Afiche tèks nan panèl sòti a, tandiske `return` pase yon valè tounen soti nan fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Panse si rezilta a ka reitilize pita nan yon lòt varyab oswa ekspresyon.","hint_2":"Chwazi deklarasyon ki koresponn ak wòl sa yo: sòti vizib pou `print`, rezilta ki ka reitilize pou `return`."},"options":{"a":"`print` Voye tèks vizib nan panèl sòti a.","b":"`return` ka retounen yon rezilta bay apèlè a","c":"`print` `return` toujou fè egzakteman menm travay la.","d":"`return` Ka sèlman itilize andeyò fonksyon yo."}},"dr-function-flow":{"title":"Lòd yon apèl fonksyon","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou sa k ap pase lè yo rele yon fonksyon ki gen paramèt.","hint":"Kòmanse ak apèl la, apre sa panse sou valè k ap antre nan fonksyon an ak yon rezilta k ap sòti.","help":{"concept":"Yon apèl fonksyon swiv yon sekans: rele fonksyon an, pase agiman yo nan paramèt yo, egzekite kò a, epi retounen yon rezilta.","hint_1":"Kò fonksyon an pa ka kouri jiskaske yo fin matche agiman yo ak paramèt yo.","hint_2":"Valè retounen an vini apre kò a fin fè kalkil li."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele fonksyon an ak valè agiman yo","t2":"Valè sa yo asiyen bay paramèt yo.","t3":"Kò fonksyon an kouri lè l sèvi ak valè paramèt sa yo.","t4":"Fonksyon an retounen yon rezilta bay moun ki rele l la."}},"dr-build-function":{"title":"Bati yon fonksyon retou senp","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou kreye yon fonksyon ki pran yon paramèt epi retounen valè a doub.","hint":"Antèt fonksyon an vini an premye, apre sa liy retou a, epi apèl ki itilize rezilta a.","help":{"concept":"Yon definisyon fonksyon debaz bezwen yon antèt, yon kò an retrè, epi nenpòt kòd ki rele fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Liy `return` la dwe andedan fonksyon an, kidonk li dwe dirèkteman anba liy `def` la.","hint_2":"Liy ki enprime rezilta a dwe vini apre fonksyon an fin defini."},"tokens":{"t1":"def double(number):","t2":"retounen nimewo * 2","t3":"rezilta = double(5)","t4":"print(result)"}},"fb-call-argument":{"title":"Ranpli agiman an","prompt":"Konplete apèl fonksyon an pou fonksyon an resevwa nimewo 7.","hint":"Vide a se valè k ap pase nan apèl fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon agiman se valè aktyèl ou mete andedan parantèz yo lè w ap rele yon fonksyon.","hint_1":"Non fonksyon an deja ekri, kidonk pati ki manke a se valè ki andedan parantèz yo.","hint_2":"Chwazi nimewo ki ta pase kòm antre nan `show_score`."},"template":"montre_nòt([blank1])","choices":["montre_nòt","Sèt","retounen"]},"fb-return-expression":{"title":"Konplete liy retou a","prompt":"Chwazi ekspresyon ki fè fonksyon an retounen som `price` ak `tax`.","hint":"Blank la ta dwe ekspresyon valè a apre `return`.","help":{"concept":"Yon deklarasyon retou ka retounen rezilta yon ekspresyon, tankou lè w ajoute de paramèt ansanm.","hint_1":"Tou de `price` ak `tax` deja disponib kòm non paramèt nan fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki ajoute de valè paramèt yo olye pou nonmen yon mo kle oswa sèlman yon varyab."},"template":"retounen [blank1]","choices":["Pri + taks","defini","Pri"]},"ci-make-label":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn etikèt","prompt":"Ekri `make_label(item, count)` pou li retounen yon chèn etikèt tankou `Apples: 3`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def make_label(item, count):\n # return a string like \"Apples: 3\"\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_label(item, count):\n return item + \": \" + str(count)"},"ci-calculate-tip":{"title":"Retounen yon kantite tip","prompt":"Ekri `calculate_tip(bill, percent)` pou li retounen sèlman kantite lajan tip la pou bòdwo sa a ak pousantaj la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def calculate_tip(bill, percent):\n # return the tip amount\n pass","solutionCode":"def calculate_tip(bill, percent):\n return bill * percent / 100"},"ci-first-item":{"title":"Retounen premye atik lis la","prompt":"Ekri `first_item(items)` pou li retounen premye eleman nan lis la.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def first_item(items):\n # return the first element from the list\n pass","solutionCode":"def first_item(items):\n return items[0]"},"try-parameters-and-return-values-checkpoint":{"title":"Retounen yon nimewo ki double","prompt":"Defini `double(number)` pou li retounen doub antre a. Enprime `double(7)`.","hint":"Sèvi ak `return number * 2`.","help":{"concept":"Yon valè retou voye yon rezilta tounen bay moun ki rele a.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak `return number * 2`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def double(number):\n # Return twice the number.\n pass\n\nprint(double(7))\n","solutionCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\nprint(double(7))\n"},"try-parameters-and-return-values-sketch0":{"title":"Retounen yon sòm","prompt":"Sèvi ak paramèt pou resevwa valè epi sèvi ak retou valè (`return`) pou voye rezilta a tounen.","hint":"Retounen sòm a ak b.","help":{"concept":"Retounen sòm a ak b.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def add(a, b):\n # Return the sum of a and b.\n pass\n\nprint(add(3, 4))\n","solutionCode":"def add(a, b):\n return a + b\n\nprint(add(3, 4))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `make_badge(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-parameters-and-return-values-sketch1":{"title":"Fòmate yon non konplè","prompt":"Retounen yon chèn ki konstwi apati de de paramèt.","hint":"Retounen premye ak dènye ak yon espas ant yo.","help":{"concept":"Retounen premye ak dènye ak yon espas ant yo.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n # Return first and last with one space between them.\n pass\n\nprint(full_name('Ava', 'Smith'))\n","solutionCode":"def full_name(first, last):\n return first + ' ' + last\n\nprint(full_name('Ava', 'Smith'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `difference(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"sc-parameter-vs-argument":{"title":"Parameter versus argument","prompt":"Given `def greet(name):` and the call `greet(\"Ava\")`, which statement is correct?","hint":"Look separately at the function definition and the function call.","help":{"concept":"A parameter is the variable named in the definition; an argument is the actual value supplied by a call.","hint_1":"`name` is written in `def greet(name):`, so it is the parameter.","hint_2":"`\"Ava\"` is supplied by `greet(\"Ava\")`, so it is the argument."},"options":{"a":"`name` is the parameter and `\"Ava\"` is the argument","b":"`\"Ava\"` is the parameter and `name` is the argument","c":"Both are return values","d":"Neither one provides input to the function"}},"sc-argument-order":{"title":"Match arguments to parameters","prompt":"Given `def subtract(first, second): return first - second`, what does `subtract(10, 3)` return?","hint":"The first argument goes into `first`; the second argument goes into `second`.","help":{"concept":"Positional arguments are matched to parameters from left to right.","hint_1":"For this call, `first` becomes `10`.","hint_2":"`second` becomes `3`, so evaluate `10 - 3`."},"options":{"a":"7","b":"-7","c":"13","d":"3"}},"sc-valid-two-argument-call":{"title":"Call a two-parameter function","prompt":"A function is defined as `def show_pair(left, right):`. Which call supplies both required arguments?","hint":"There are two parameters, so the call needs two argument values.","help":{"concept":"A normal call must supply the required number of positional arguments.","hint_1":"Look for two comma-separated values inside the parentheses.","hint_2":"The function name in the call must still be `show_pair`."},"options":{"a":"show_pair()","b":"show_pair(\"A\")","c":"show_pair(\"A\", \"B\")","d":"def show_pair(\"A\", \"B\")"}},"sc-returned-value":{"title":"Use a returned value","prompt":"If `double(5)` returns `10`, what value is stored by `result = double(5)`?","hint":"The returned value replaces the function call in the assignment.","help":{"concept":"A returned value can be assigned to a variable just like another computed value.","hint_1":"`double(5)` produces the value `10`.","hint_2":"That value is assigned to `result`."},"options":{"a":"5","b":"10","c":"double","d":"Nothing is stored"}},"try-parameters-and-return-values-sketch2":{"title":"Store a returned result","prompt":"Complete `rectangle_area(width, height)` so it returns `width * height`. Then keep the caller code that stores the returned value in `area` and prints `area`.","hint":"The function should return the calculation; the assignment outside the function stores that returned value.","help":{"concept":"A return value travels back to the call site, where it can be assigned to a variable and used later.","hint_1":"Inside the function, write `return width * height`.","hint_2":"Outside the function, `area = rectangle_area(width, height)` stores the returned number."},"starterCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n # Return the rectangle's area.\n pass\n\nwidth = int(input())\nheight = int(input())\narea = rectangle_area(width, height)\nprint(area)\n","solutionCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n return width * height\n\nwidth = int(input())\nheight = int(input())\narea = rectangle_area(width, height)\nprint(area)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `rectangle_area(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_parameters_and_return_values_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `double(number)` pou li retounen doub antre a. Enprime `double(7)`."},"try_parameters_and_return_values_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak paramèt pou resevwa valè epi sèvi ak retou valè (`return`) pou voye rezilta a tounen."},"try_parameters_and_return_values_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Retounen yon chèn ki konstwi apati de de paramèt."},"allowReveal":true,"try_parameters_and_return_values_sketch2":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Return a computed result and store that returned value in a caller-side variable."}},"projectSteps":{"ci_make_label":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn etikèt"},"ci_calculate_tip":{"title":"Retounen yon kantite tip"},"ci_first_item":{"title":"Retounen premye atik lis la"}}},"print-vs-return":{"label":"Enprime kont Retounen","summary":"Konprann kilè pou montre rezilta yo ak kilè pou retounen done nan yon fonksyon pou lòt kòd ka kontinye itilize rezilta a.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Enprime montre yon valè; retou bay li tounen"},"sketch1":{"title":"Yon konparezon pratik: menm rezilta, itilite diferan."},"sketch2":{"title":"Ki lè ou ta dwe enprime, e ki lè ou ta dwe retounen?"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Bati fonksyon ki ka reitilize epi ki retounen yon valè"}},"quiz":{"pvrs-sc-1":{"title":"Ki deklarasyon ki dekri retou?","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon ki pi byen dekri sa `return` fè nan yon fonksyon?","hint":"Panse si valè a sèlman parèt oswa si li retounen bay kòd ki te rele fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"`return` li bay yon rezilta tounen bay apèlè a pou yo ka anrejistre l, reyitilize l, oswa konbine l ak lòt valè.","hint_1":"Yon valè retounen ka asiyen bay yon varyab tankou `result = my_function()`.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki pèmèt ou voye yon valè tounen nan fonksyon an, pa sèlman afiche li."},"options":{"a":"Li voye yon valè tounen soti nan fonksyon an bay moun ki rele l la.","b":"Li toujou enprime yon valè nan panèl sòti a.","c":"Li repete fonksyon an depi nan kòmansman.","d":"Li kreye yon nouvo paramèt otomatikman."}},"pvrs-sc-2":{"title":"Ki rezilta fonksyon ki ka reitilize?","prompt":"Yon fonksyon ta dwe kalkile yon nimewo epi kite kòd ki vini apre a miltipliye nimewo sa a pa 10. Ki apwòch ki pi bon?","hint":"Kòd ki vin apre a bezwen rezilta fonksyon an kòm yon valè, pa sèlman kòm yon rezilta vizib.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon kòd pita dwe kontinye itilize yon rezilta, fonksyon an ta dwe retounen rezilta sa a olye pou l sèlman enprime li.","hint_1":"Si fonksyon an sèlman enprime, yon lòt ekspresyon pa ka itilize valè enprime a dirèkteman nan yon kalkil.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon kote fonksyon an retounen nimewo a pou yon lòt liy ka estoke li epi miltipliye li."},"options":{"a":"Itilize `return` andedan fonksyon an epi sere rezilta a nan yon varyab.","b":"Sèvi ak `print()` andedan fonksyon an epi sipoze kòd ki vin apre a ka miltipliye tèks ki enprime a.","c":"Ajoute plis paramèt jiskaske fonksyon an vin re-itilize.","d":"Mete miltiplikasyon an andedan fonksyon an menm si lòt kòd bezwen rezilta orijinal la."}},"pvrs-mc-1":{"title":"Chwazi deklarasyon ki kòrèk yo.","prompt":"Ki deklarasyon sou `print()` ak `return` ki kòrèk? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Separe sa itilizatè a wè nan panèl sòti a ak sa rès pwogram nan ka kontinye itilize.","help":{"concept":"`print()` se pou afichaj, pandan ke `return` se pou pwodwi yon valè ke kòd ki rele a ka itilize.","hint_1":"Yon valè retounen ka asiyen bay yon varyab; sòti enprime a jis parèt.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki dekri kòrèkteman rezilta ki afiche kont rezilta ki ka reitilize."},"options":{"a":"`print()` Afiche sòti pou itilizatè a ka wè.","b":"`return` ka voye yon valè tounen bay kòd ki te rele fonksyon an.","c":"Yon fonksyon pa janm ka itilize ni `print()` ni `return`.","d":"Si yon fonksyon enprime sèlman yon valè, valè enprime a estoke otomatikman nan yon varyab."}},"pvrs-mc-2":{"title":"Fason pou itilize yon valè ki retounen","prompt":"Yon fonksyon `make_label(name)` retounen yon chèn. Ki liy yo itilize valè retounen sa a kòrèkteman? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche liy kote apèl fonksyon an vin fè pati yon lòt ekspresyon oswa kote li estoke pou itilize pita.","help":{"concept":"Yon valè retounen konpòte l tankou nenpòt lòt valè, kidonk li ka estoke, enprime, oswa konbine avèk lòt chèn.","hint_1":"Si fonksyon an retounen tèks, itilizasyon valab yo enkli asiyasyon ak konkatenasyon chèn.","hint_2":"Chwazi liy kote apèl fonksyon an trete tankou yon valè chèn ki pwodui pa fonksyon an."},"options":{"a":"`label = make_label(\"Mia\")`","b":"`print(make_label(\"Mia\"))`","c":"`message = make_label(\"Mia\") + \"!\"`","d":"`return = make_label(\"Mia\")`"}},"pvrs-dr-1":{"title":"Kòmande retou a","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou kòd ki retounen yon valè epi enprime li.","hint":"Kòmanse ak apèl fonksyon an, apre sa panse sou sa fonksyon an retounen, epi sou sa ki parèt.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fonksyon retounen yon valè, apèl la egzekite an premye, valè a retounen bay moun ki rele a, li ka estoke, epi apre sa li ka enprime.","hint_1":"Fonksyon an dwe kouri anvan yon varyab ka resevwa valè li retounen an.","hint_2":"Sòti ki parèt la fèt apre valè ki retounen an fin retounen e kòd ki rele a fin itilize l."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele fonksyon an.","t2":"Fonksyon an kalkile yon rezilta.","t3":"Fonksyon an retounen valè a.","t4":"Apèlè a estoke oswa itilize valè sa a.","t5":"`print()` ka afiche li."}},"pvrs-dr-2":{"title":"Bati yon modèl reyizab","prompt":"Aranje moso kòd sa yo nan yon modèl ki fè sans pou itilize yon valè ki retounen.","hint":"Premyeman defini fonksyon an, apre sa rele li, apre sa sere rezilta a, apre sa afiche li oswa reitilize li.","help":{"concept":"Yon modèl komen se defini yon fonksyon ak `return`, rele li, sove valè li retounen an, epi itilize valè sa a pita.","hint_1":"Definisyon fonksyon an dwe vini anvan apèl ki itilize li a.","hint_2":"Apre apèl la retounen yon valè, valè sa a dwe asiyen anvan yon lòt apèl`print()` itilize varyab la."},"tokens":{"t1":"`def add_one(n):`","t2":"` return n + 1`","t3":"`result = add_one(4)`","t4":"`print(result)`"}},"pvrs-fb-1":{"title":"Konplete mo kle a","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki konplete fonksyon an kòrèkteman pou li ka retounen yon valè.","hint":"Mo ki manke a dwe retounen rezilta a bay apèlè a.","help":{"concept":"Fonksyon yo itilize retou valè (`the missing term`) pou voye yon valè ki kalkile tounen bay kòd ki rele yo.","hint_1":"`print` Li montre sòti, men espas vid sa a bezwen mo kle ki remèt valè a.","hint_2":"Chwazi mo kle Python ki itilize anvan yon ekspresyon tankou `n * 2` lè yon fonksyon ta dwe pwodwi yon rezilta ki ka reitilize."},"template":"def double(n):\n [blank1] n * 2","choices":["Enprime","retounen","Antre","defini"]},"pvrs-fb-2":{"title":"Konplete liy afichaj la","prompt":"Chwazi kòd ki afiche valè retounen an nan panèl rezilta a.","hint":"Fonksyon an deja retounen valè a, kidonk pati ki manke a ta dwe montre valè sa a.","help":{"concept":"Si yon fonksyon retounen yon valè epi ou vle afiche li, antoure apèl fonksyon an ak `print()`.","hint_1":"Espas vid la pa andedan definisyon fonksyon an; se liy ki montre rezilta retounen an.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki rele fonksyon an epi voye rezilta li nan panèl sòti a."},"template":"[vid1]","choices":["print(get_name())","retounen get_name()","def get_name()","get_name = enprime()"]},"pvrs-code-1":{"title":"Retounen yon valè ki double","prompt":"Ekri `double_number(n)` pou li retounen doub valè antre a olye pou li enprime li.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def double_number(n):\n # return double the input\n pass","solutionCode":"def double_number(n):\n return n * 2"},"pvrs-code-2":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn salitasyon","prompt":"Ekri `make_greeting(name)` pou li retounen yon chèn salitasyon tankou `Hello, Ava`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n # return a greeting like Hello, Ava\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_greeting(name):\n return \"Hello, \" + name"},"pvrs-code-3":{"title":"Retounen yon total olye pou enprime li.","prompt":"Ekri `add_prices(price1, price2)` pou li retounen total de pri yo olye pou li enprime li.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def add_prices(price1, price2):\n # return the total of the two prices\n pass","solutionCode":"def add_prices(price1, price2):\n return price1 + price2"},"try-print-vs-return-checkpoint":{"title":"Retounen, epi enprime","prompt":"Defini `add(a, b)` pou li retounen sòm nan. Apre sa, enprime `add(3, 4)`.","hint":"Fonksyon an ta dwe retounen valè a; kote apèl la ta dwe enprime li.","help":{"concept":"Retounen yon valè ak enprime yon valè se aksyon separe.","hint_1":"Fonksyon an ta dwe retounen valè a; kote apèl la ta dwe enprime li.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def add(a, b):\n # Return the sum.\n pass\n\n# Print the result of add(3, 4).\n","solutionCode":"def add(a, b):\n return a + b\n\nprint(add(3, 4))\n"},"try-print-vs-return-sketch0":{"title":"Retounen epi enprime","prompt":"Fonksyon an retounen valè a; apèlè a enprime li.","hint":"Retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name olye de enprime andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Retounen 'Bonjou, ' + name olye de enprime andedan fonksyon an.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def make_message(name):\n # Return 'Hi, ' + name instead of printing inside the function.\n pass\n\nmessage = make_message('Ava')\nprint(message)\n","solutionCode":"def make_message(name):\n return 'Hi, ' + name\n\nmessage = make_message('Ava')\nprint(message)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `show_status(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-print-vs-return-sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon nimewo ki retounen","prompt":"Valè ki retounen yo ka estoke epi itilize nan plis ekspresyon.","hint":"Sere double(6) nan rezilta, epi enprime rezilta + 1.","help":{"concept":"Sere double(6) nan rezilta, epi enprime rezilta + 1.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\n# Store double(6) in result, then print result + 1.\n","solutionCode":"def double(number):\n return number * 2\n\nresult = double(6)\nprint(result + 1)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `double(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"try-print-vs-return-sketch2":{"title":"Evite enprime Okenn","prompt":"Enprime chèn ki retounen an, pa objè fonksyon an.","hint":"Enprime etikèt('zoe').","help":{"concept":"Enprime etikèt('zoe').","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"def label(name):\n return name.upper()\n\n# Print label('zoe').\n","solutionCode":"def label(name):\n return name.upper()\n\nprint(label('zoe'))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Call `make_label(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"sc-print-only-result":{"title":"What does the caller receive?","prompt":"A function contains `print(\"Ready\")` but no `return`. What value does the function call give back to its caller?","hint":"Visible output and a returned value are separate things.","help":{"concept":"A function with no explicit `return` gives the caller `None`, even if the function prints something.","hint_1":"`print(\"Ready\")` displays text in the output panel.","hint_2":"Because there is no `return`, the call itself evaluates to `None`."},"options":{"a":"\"Ready\"","b":"None","c":"print","d":"The function name"}},"sc-display-only-call":{"title":"Call a display-only function","prompt":"`show_status(text)` prints its text and does not return a value. Which line displays `Ready` once without also displaying `None`?","hint":"If the function already prints, call it directly.","help":{"concept":"Wrapping a display-only function call in another `print()` prints the function's implicit `None` result too.","hint_1":"`show_status(\"Ready\")` already causes the function body to print `Ready`.","hint_2":"Avoid `print(show_status(\"Ready\"))` when the function itself is responsible for display."},"options":{"a":"show_status(\"Ready\")","b":"print(show_status(\"Ready\"))","c":"return show_status(\"Ready\")","d":"show_status = \"Ready\""}},"sc-reuse-returned-value":{"title":"Reuse a function result","prompt":"`double(6)` returns `12`. Which code correctly stores that returned value and then uses it in another calculation?","hint":"Store the function call on the right side of an assignment.","help":{"concept":"A returned value behaves like another value: it can be assigned to a variable and used later.","hint_1":"First save `double(6)` in a variable.","hint_2":"Then use that variable in the later expression."},"options":{"a":"result = double(6)\nprint(result + 1)","b":"print = double(6)\nresult + 1","c":"double = 6\nprint(double + 1)","d":"return double(6)\nprint(result)"}},"sc-fix-print-return-bug":{"title":"Fix a print-versus-return bug","prompt":"The caller does `label = make_label(\"Book\")` and then needs `label + \"!\"`. Inside `make_label`, which statement should produce the label text?","hint":"The caller needs to receive a string value, not just see it displayed.","help":{"concept":"When later code must store or combine a function result, the function should return that result.","hint_1":"Printing the label would display it but leave `label` as `None`.","hint_2":"Return the string so the caller can concatenate `\"!\"`."},"options":{"a":"print(\"Item: \" + item)","b":"return \"Item: \" + item","c":"input(\"Item: \" + item)","d":"def \"Item: \" + item"}}},"tryIt":{"try_print_vs_return_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `add(a, b)` pou li retounen som lan. Apre sa, enprime `add(3, 4)`."},"try_print_vs_return_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Fonksyon an retounen valè a; apèlè a enprime li."},"try_print_vs_return_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Valè ki retounen yo ka estoke epi itilize nan plis ekspresyon."},"try_print_vs_return_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Enprime chèn ki retounen an, pa objè fonksyon an."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"pvrs_code_1":{"title":"Retounen yon valè ki double"},"pvrs_code_2":{"title":"Retounen yon chèn salitasyon"},"pvrs_code_3":{"title":"Retounen yon total olye pou enprime li."}}},"scope-and-local-variables":{"label":"Echèl ak Varyab Lokal","summary":"Konprann kote varyab yo egziste ak poukisa domèn lokal la enpòtan.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa 'local scope' vle di"},"sketch1":{"title":"Anndan yon fonksyon diferan de deyò"},"sketch2":{"title":"Paramèt yo lokal tou"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike echèl lokal ak ti fonksyon èd"}},"quiz":{"sc-q1":{"title":"Jwenn varyab lokal la","prompt":"In this code, which name is local to the function?\n\n```python\ncolor = \"blue\"\n\ndef paint():\n shade = \"dark\"\n return color + \" \" + shade\n```","hint":"Chèche non ki te kreye anndan `paint()`.","help":{"concept":"Yon varyab lokal kreye andedan yon fonksyon e li fèt pou itilize sèlman pandan apèl fonksyon sa a.","hint_1":"`color` Yo asiyen li anvan fonksyon an kòmanse. Tcheke ki non yo asiyen andedan kò fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Non lokal la se sa yo te entwodwi sou liy `... = \"dark\"` anndan `paint()`."},"options":{"a":"koulè","b":"penti","c":"lonbraj","d":"retounen"}},"sc-q2":{"title":"Pòte paramèt","prompt":"Ki sa ki vre sou yon paramèt tankou `name` nan `def greet(name):`?","hint":"Panse kote paramèt la ka itilize dirèkteman.","help":{"concept":"Paramèt yo se non lokal ki kreye pou yon apèl fonksyon, kidonk yo fè pati domèn fonksyon sa a.","hint_1":"Yon paramèt jwenn valè li lè yo rele fonksyon an, pa toupatou nan pwogram nan.","hint_2":"Mande si `name` fèt pou egziste sèlman andedan `greet(...)` oswa si li dwe egziste otomatikman nan tout kòd la."},"options":{"a":"Li egziste sèlman andedan apèl fonksyon an, sof si yo retounen li oswa pase li yon lòt kote.","b":"Li vin otomatikman yon varyab mondyal.","c":"Li ka sèlman estoke nimewo.","d":"Li disparèt anvan fonksyon an kòmanse."}},"mc-q1":{"title":"Chwazi non lokal yo","prompt":"Which names are local in this code? Choose all that apply.\n\n```python\ntax = 5\n\ndef total(price):\n fee = 2\n final_price = price + fee + tax\n return final_price\n```","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"taks","b":"Pri","c":"Frè","d":"Pri final"}},"mc-q2":{"title":"Poukisa dimansyon lokal la ede","prompt":"Poukisa varyab lokal yo itil? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk yo.","hint":"Panse sou kijan fonksyon yo rete òganize epi evite konfizyon non yo.","help":{"concept":"Portée lokal ede fonksyon yo rete endepandan, fasil pou li, epi pi an sekirite paske non tanporè yo pa gaye nan rès pwogram nan.","hint_1":"Yon bon repons ta dwe mansyone kenbe fonksyon travay yo separe oswa anpeche reitiz aksidantèl nan non tanporè yo.","hint_2":"Chèche avantaj tankou diminye konfli epi fè chak fonksyon jere pwòp done tanporè li."},"options":{"a":"Yo ede anpeche non tanporè ki nan yon fonksyon entèfere ak lòt kòd.","b":"Yo fè li pi fasil pou yon fonksyon kenbe pwòp valè travay li yo.","c":"Yo fòse chak varyab nan yon pwogram gen menm non.","d":"Yo enprime otomatikman valè ki retounen yo."}},"dr-q1":{"title":"Kòmande yon apèl fonksyon","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou sa k ap pase lè `double(4)` kouri nan yon fonksyon ki retounen `number * 2`.","hint":"Kòmanse ak apèl la, apre sa paramèt la jwenn yon valè, apre sa kalkil la fèt, epi rezilta a retounen.","help":{"concept":"Yon apèl fonksyon bay valè pou paramèt yo, egzekite kò fonksyon an, kalkile yon rezilta, epi retounen rezilta sa a.","hint_1":"Paramèt la pa ka itilize jiskaske fonksyon an rele ak yon agiman.","hint_2":"Apre `number` jwenn `4`, miltiplikasyon an fèt anvan valè a retounen."},"tokens":{"t1":"Rele `double(4)`","t2":"Mete paramèt lokal `number` a `4`","t3":"Kalkile `number * 2`","t4":"Retounen rezilta a"}},"dr-q2":{"title":"Swiv kreyasyon varyab lokal yo","prompt":"Arrange the steps to describe this function call correctly.\n\n```python\ndef greet(person):\n message = \"Hi \" + person\n return message\n```","hint":"Premyeman, paramèt la ranpli ak agiman an, apre sa varyab lokal la konstwi, epi fonksyon an retounen li.","help":{"concept":"Pandan yon apèl fonksyon, agiman an vin tounen valè paramèt la, yo kreye varyab lokal yo apati valè sa a, epi enstriksyon retou a voye rezilta final la tounen.","hint_1":"`person` Li pran valè li anvan yo ka kreye `message`.","hint_2":"Valè retounen an vini an dènye, apre chèn nan fin konstwi andedan fonksyon an."},"tokens":{"t1":"Pase yon agiman nan `person`","t2":"Kreye varyab lokal `message`","t3":"Bati tèks la `\"Hi \" + person`","t4":"Retounen `message`"}},"fb-q1":{"title":"Konplete devwa lokal la","prompt":"Chwazi mo ki manke a pou fè`score` tounen yon varyab lokal andedan fonksyon an.","hint":"Espas vid la dwe non varyab la k ap asiyen andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon varyab ki asiyen andedan yon fonksyon vin lokal pou apèl fonksyon sa a.","hint_1":"Liy lan ap kreye yon nouvo non andedan kò fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi non ki koresponn ak fraz la sou fason pou fè `the missing term` lokal."},"template":"def show_score():\n [blank1] = 10\n return score","choices":["pwen","retounen","montre_nòt","defini"]},"fb-q2":{"title":"Konplete itilizasyon paramèt la","prompt":"Ranpli espas vid la ak non lokal ki kòrèk la.","hint":"Sèvi ak non paramèt la ki nan antèt fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon paramèt se yon non lokal, kidonk kòd ki anndan fonksyon an ta dwe itilize non paramèt sa a dirèkteman.","hint_1":"Antèt fonksyon an deja di w non lokal pou w itilize.","hint_2":"Mache blanch la ak non ki andedan `def triple(the missing term):`."},"template":"def triple(value):\n return [blank1] * 3","choices":["valè","triple","retounen","twa"]},"code-q1":{"title":"Retounen yon kalkil lokal","prompt":"Ekri `add_tax(price)` pou li kalkile `price + 5`, estoke rezilta sa a nan yon varyab lokal ki rele `total`, epi retounen `total`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou a."},"starterCode":"def add_tax(price):\n # store the result in a local variable named total\n # then return it\n pass","solutionCode":"def add_tax(price):\n total = price + 5\n return total","checks":{"0":{"message":"add_tax ta dwe retounen pri a plis 5."},"1":{"message":"add_tax ta dwe mache pou yon lòt kantite tou."},"2":{"message":"Retounen valè a olye pou enprime li."}}},"code-q2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon paramèt kòm yon non lokal","prompt":"Ekri `make_label(word)` pou li konstwi chèn fini an nan yon varyab lokal ki rele `label`, epi li retounen `label`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Itilize yon paramèt kòm yon non lokal\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def make_label(word):\n # create a local variable named label\n # return the finished string\n pass","solutionCode":"def make_label(word):\n label = \"Item: \" + word\n return label","checks":{"0":{"message":"make_label ta dwe mete \"`Item: `\" kòm prefiks pou mo a."},"1":{"message":"make_label ta dwe mache ak yon lòt mo kòm antre."},"2":{"message":"Retounen chèn nan olye pou w enprime li."}}},"code-q3":{"title":"Fè kalkil ak de varyab lokal","prompt":"Ekri `rectangle_area(width, height)` pou li kalkile zòn nan, estoke li nan yon varyab lokal ki rele `area`, epi retounen `area`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Fè kalkil ak de varyab lokal\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n # create a local variable named area\n # return the area\n pass","solutionCode":"def rectangle_area(width, height):\n area = width * height\n return area","checks":{"0":{"message":"rectangle_area ta dwe miltipliye lajè pa wotè."},"1":{"message":"rectangle_area ta dwe mache pou yon lòt pè chif."},"2":{"message":"Retounen zòn nan olye pou enprime li."}}},"try-scope-and-local-variables-checkpoint":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon varyab lokal","prompt":"Defini `make_message(name)` ak yon varyab lokal ki rele `message`, epi retounen li. Enprime rezilta pou `Ava`.","hint":"Kreye mesaj la andedan fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Yon varyab lokal egziste andedan fonksyon kote li kreye a.","hint_1":"Kreye mesaj la andedan fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"def make_message(name):\n # Create a local variable named message.\n pass\n\nprint(make_message(\"Ava\"))\n","solutionCode":"def make_message(name):\n message = f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n return message\n\nprint(make_message(\"Ava\"))\n"},"try-scope-and-local-variables-sketch0":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon varyab lokal","prompt":"Yon varyab lokal egziste andedan fonksyon ki kreye li.","hint":"Kreye varyab lokal total = pri + 2.","help":{"concept":"Kreye varyab lokal total = pri + 2.","hint_1":"Kreye yon varyab lokal total = pri + 2. Apre sa, retounen total.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"def add_tax(price):\n # Create local variable total = price + 2.\n # Return total.\n pass\n\nprint(add_tax(8))\n","solutionCode":"def add_tax(price):\n total = price + 2\n return total\n\nprint(add_tax(8))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-scope-and-local-variables-sketch1":{"title":"Pase done kòm yon paramèt","prompt":"Pase valè ekstèn nan nan fonksyon an kòm yon agiman.","hint":"Retounen 'Byenveni, ' + person.","help":{"concept":"Retounen 'Byenveni, ' + person.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke pwomp la mande."},"starterCode":"name = 'Ava'\n\ndef welcome(person):\n # Return 'Welcome, ' + person.\n pass\n\nprint(welcome(name))\n","solutionCode":"name = 'Ava'\n\ndef welcome(person):\n return 'Welcome, ' + person\n\nprint(welcome(name))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}}},"try-scope-and-local-variables-sketch2":{"title":"Kenbe varyab yo separe","prompt":"Yon paramèt ka gen menm non an men li toujou lokal pou fonksyon an.","hint":"Kantite retou plis youn.","help":{"concept":"Kantite retou plis youn.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"count = 5\n\ndef add_one(count):\n # Return count plus one.\n pass\n\nprint(add_one(count))\nprint(count)\n","solutionCode":"count = 5\n\ndef add_one(count):\n return count + 1\n\nprint(add_one(count))\nprint(count)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `make_message(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"sc-local-variable":{"title":"Identify a local variable","prompt":"In `def total(price): fee = 2; return price + fee`, which name is created locally inside the function body?","hint":"Look for the assignment that happens inside the function.","help":{"concept":"A name assigned inside a function is local to that function call unless Python is explicitly told otherwise.","hint_1":"`price` is a parameter; it receives its value when the function is called.","hint_2":"`fee = 2` creates a working variable inside the function body."},"options":{"a":"fee","b":"total","c":"return","d":"def"}},"sc-local-outside":{"title":"Use a local name outside the function","prompt":"A function creates `message = \"Ready\"` inside its body but does not return it. What happens if code after the function call tries `print(message)`?","hint":"The name was created only inside the function.","help":{"concept":"A local variable is not directly available to unrelated code after the function call finishes.","hint_1":"Displaying or returning a value is different from making the local variable itself available outside.","hint_2":"The outside code does not have its own `message` assignment."},"options":{"a":"It prints Ready","b":"Python reports that `message` is not defined there","c":"It automatically calls the function again","d":"It turns `message` into a parameter"}},"sc-parameter-local":{"title":"Parameter scope","prompt":"What is true about `count` in `def add_one(count):`?","hint":"A parameter is a name that receives an argument for one function call.","help":{"concept":"Parameters are local names inside the function call.","hint_1":"The caller supplies an argument value.","hint_2":"Inside the function, that value is available through the local parameter name `count`."},"options":{"a":"It is local to the function call","b":"It automatically changes every outside variable named count","c":"It can only hold integers","d":"It exists before the function is called"}},"sc-same-name-separate":{"title":"Same name, separate value","prompt":"Suppose `count = 5` exists outside a function and `def add_one(count): return count + 1`. After `print(add_one(count))`, what is the outside `count` still equal to?","hint":"The parameter receives the value 5, but the function does not assign to the outside variable.","help":{"concept":"A parameter can have the same spelling as an outside variable while still being a separate local name.","hint_1":"The call returns `6`.","hint_2":"Nothing in the function changes the caller's `count = 5` assignment."},"options":{"a":"5","b":"6","c":"None","d":"The function name"}}},"tryIt":{"try_scope_and_local_variables_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Defini `make_message(name)` ak yon varyab lokal ki rele `message`, epi retounen li. Enprime rezilta pou `Ava`."},"try_scope_and_local_variables_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon varyab lokal egziste andedan fonksyon ki kreye li."},"try_scope_and_local_variables_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Pase valè ekstèn nan nan fonksyon an kòm yon agiman."},"try_scope_and_local_variables_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Yon paramèt ka gen menm non an men li toujou lokal pou fonksyon an."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"code_q1":{"title":"Retounen yon kalkil lokal"},"code_q2":{"title":"Sèvi ak yon paramèt kòm yon non lokal"},"code_q3":{"title":"Fè kalkil ak de varyab lokal"}}},"using-imports-and-helper-files":{"label":"Bati yon Aplikasyon Python ki gen plizyè fichye","summary":"Kreye fichye modil yo andedan yon dosye, enpòte pwòp fonksyon ou yo nan main.py, epi konekte moso yo pou fè yon ti aplikasyon.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Aplikasyon ou an ka genyen plis pase yon fichye."},"sketch1":{"title":"Enpòte soti nan yon fichye ki nan yon dosye"},"sketch2":{"title":"Fè yon ti klasè zouti"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Kreyatè Aplikasyon Mission Control"}},"quiz":{"q1":{"title":"Poukisa divize kòd nan fichye?","prompt":"Poukisa yon pwojè Python ta mete fonksyon ki ka reitilize nan fichye tankou `tools/names.py` olye pou mete chak liy nan `main.py`?","hint":"Panse pou kenbe aplikasyon prensipal la fasil pou li epi reitilize menm lojik la pita.","help":{"concept":"Yon fichye modil ka gen fonksyon ki ka itilize ankò. `main.py` ka rete konsantre sou koule aplikasyon an: li antre, rele fonksyon, epi enprime rezilta yo.","hint_1":"Chèche opsyon sou òganizasyon ak reyitilizasyon.","hint_2":"Objektif la se pa pou fè plis travay. Objektif la se pou kenbe chak fichye responsab pou yon travay klè."},"options":{"a":"Li kenbe kòd ki ka itilize ankò òganize epi pèmèt`main.py` enpòte li.","b":"Sa fè Python inyore erè ki nan fichye enpòte a.","c":"Sa vle di pwojè a ka sèlman fonksyone ak yon sèl valè antre.","d":"Li anpeche fonksyon yo retounen valè"}},"q2":{"title":"Chwazi enpòtasyon dirèk la","prompt":"Ou kreye `tools/names.py` ak yon fonksyon ki rele `clean_name`. Ki liy ki enpòte fonksyon sa a nan `main.py`?","hint":"Chemen an itilize non dosye a, apre sa non fichye a san `.py`, epi non fonksyon an.","help":{"concept":"Pou enpòte soti nan yon modil ki nan yon dosye, itilize `from folder.file import function`. Pou `tools/names.py`, chemen modil la se `tools.names`.","hint_1":"Pa mete `.py` nan liy enpòtasyon an.","hint_2":"Fòm kòrèk la kòmanse ak `from tools.names import ...`."},"options":{"a":"from tools.names import clean_name","b":"Enpòte clean_name soti nan tools/names.py","c":"import clean_name from tools.names","d":"from clean_name import tools.names"}},"q3":{"title":"Bon responsablite modil","prompt":"Chwazi tout egzanp ki bon travay pou yon ti fichye modil nan leson sa a.","hint":"Chwazi travay ki ka reitilize epi ki byen konsantre.","help":{"concept":"Bon fichye modil yo anjeneral gen fonksyon ki gen rapò, tankou netwayaj tèks, fòmataj, evalyasyon, oswa kreyasyon rapò.","hint_1":"Yon modil ta dwe gen yon objektif klè.","hint_2":"Evite chwazi mete kòd o aza ki pa gen rapò nan yon sèl fichye."},"options":{"a":"`tools/names.py` Netwaye epi fòmate non yo","b":"`tools/badges.py` Bati tèks badj la apati yon non ak yon wòl.","c":"`tools/random_everything.py` Melanje kòd ki pa gen rapò san okenn travay klè.","d":"`main.py` Li dwe kopye tout fonksyon ki nan chak modil anvan li ka fonksyone."}},"q4":{"title":"Apèl enpòte ki valab","prompt":"Ki apèl ki valab apre enpòtasyon ki koresponn lan? Chwazi tout repons ki kòrèk.","hint":"Koresponn stil apèl la ak stil enpòtasyon an.","help":{"concept":"Apre `from tools.names import clean_name`, rele `clean_name(...)` dirèkteman. Apre `import tools.badges as badges`, rele `badges.make_badge(...)`.","hint_1":"Enpòtasyon dirèk yo itilize non fonksyon an dirèkteman.","hint_2":"Enpòtasyon alias yo itilize alias la anvan pwen an."},"options":{"a":"Apre `from tools.names import clean_name`, itilize `clean_name(\" ava \")`","b":"Apre `import tools.badges as badges`, itilize `badges.make_badge(\"Ava\", \"coder\")`","c":"Apre `from tools.names import clean_name`, itilize `tools.names.clean_name(\"Ava\")` san enpòte `tools`","d":"Apre `import tools.badges as badges`, itilize `make_badge.badges(\"Ava\")`"}},"q5":{"title":"Kòmande modil workflow la","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd ou ta itilize lè w ap ajoute pwòp fichye modil ou nan yon ti aplikasyon.","hint":"Kreye fichye a anvan ou enpòte ladan l.","help":{"concept":"Python ka enpòte yon modil sèlman apre fichye a egziste nan chemen katab ki espere a. Apre sa,`main.py` ka rele fonksyon ki nan fichye sa a.","hint_1":"Dosye a ak fichye a vini anvan enpòtasyon an.","hint_2":"Apèl fonksyon an fèt apre liy enpòtasyon an."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kreye dosye `tools` la","t2":"Kreye yon fichye modil tankou `tools/names.py`","t3":"Defini yon fonksyon andedan fichye modil sa a.","t4":"Enpòte epi rele fonksyon an ki soti nan `main.py`"}},"q6":{"title":"Bati koule enpòtasyon an","prompt":"Aranje liy sa yo pou`main.py` enpòte yon fòmatè epi enprime rezilta retounen an.","hint":"Enpòte an premye, apre sa rele, epi enprime.","help":{"concept":"Yon fichye prensipal anjeneral enpòte fonksyon li bezwen an, rele li ak done, epi enprime oswa sere valè li retounen an.","hint_1":"Liy enpòtasyon an dwe kouri anvan apèl fonksyon an.","hint_2":"Enprime mesaj ki estoke a apre fonksyon an fin retounen li."},"tokens":{"t1":"from tools.reports import mission_report","t2":"message = mission_report(\"badj EKIPYE: Zoe\", 18)","t3":"print(message)"}},"q7":{"title":"Konplete enpòtasyon fonksyon an","prompt":"Ranpli non fonksyon ki manke a pou enpòte li soti nan `tools.names`.","hint":"Sa a se fonksyon ki netwaye espas sipèfl ak kapitalizasyon.","help":{"concept":"`from tools.names import clean_name` Enpòte fonksyon `clean_name` la ki soti nan fichye `names.py` la ki nan dosye `tools` an.","hint_1":"Mo ki manke a se non fonksyon an, pa non dosye a.","hint_2":"Chwazi non ki dekri netwayaj yon non."},"template":"from tools.names import [blank1]","choices":["non pwòp","Zouti","non.py","Antre"]},"q8":{"title":"Konplete chemen modil la","prompt":"Ranpli non dosye ki manke a nan liy enpòtasyon sa a.","hint":"Fichye modil pou pwojè sa a yo nan yon sèl dosye.","help":{"concept":"Chemen enpòte `tools.badges` vle di Python ta dwe chèche `badges.py` andedan katab `tools`.","hint_1":"Pa tape `.py` nan chemen enpòtasyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi dosye ki genyen `badges.py`."},"template":"soti nan [blank1].badges enpòte make_badge","choices":["Zouti","badj.py","prensipal","Enprime"]},"q9":{"title":"Kreye yon modil pou netwaye non","prompt":"Pwojè sa a ap kòmanse yon ti pake èd. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`, ajoute `tools/names.py`, epi defini `clean_name(text)` ladan l. Apre sa, enpòte `clean_name` ki soti nan `tools.names` nan `main.py`, netwaye non antre a, epi enprime l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `aVA`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Ava`.","hint":"Chemen ki nesesè a se `tools/names.py`. Liy enpòtasyon an nan `main.py` ta dwe `from tools.names import clean_name`.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an kouri epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Inside it, create tools/names.py.\n# Define clean_name(text) in that file.\n\nraw_name = input()\n\n# Import clean_name from tools.names.\n# Print the cleaned name.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name(text) andedan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas vid yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an majiskil tit."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute yon modil badj","prompt":"Dosye èd la bezwen yon zouti anplis. Kreye '`tools/badges.py`', enpòte '`make_badge`' ki soti nan '`tools.badges`', netwaye non antre a, konstwi tèks badj la, epi enprime l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `lina` ak `artist`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`ARTIST badge: Lina`.","hint":"Kreye `tools/badges.py`, epi enpòte ak `from tools.badges import make_badge`.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki te atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\n\n# Create tools/badges.py.\n# Import make_badge from tools.badges.\n# Clean the name, build the badge, and print it.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan zouti.badges."},"1":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"2":{"message":"make_badge ta dwe mete wòl la an majiskil."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nprint(make_badge(name, role))\n"},"q11":{"title":"Bati yon modil rapò misyon","prompt":"Kounye a, konekte modil èd yo pou fè yon sèl rapò final. Kreye yon '`tools/reports.py`', enpòte yon '`mission_report`' ki soti nan '`tools.reports`', epi enprime rapò misyon ki fini an.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `zoe`, `scout`, ak `18`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Mission report: SCOUT badge: Zoe has 18 points`.","hint":"Etap sa a konbine twa fichye: `tools/names.py`, `tools/badges.py`, ak nouvo `tools/reports.py` ou a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\npoints = int(input())\n\n# Create tools/reports.py.\n# Import mission_report from tools.reports.\n# Print the final mission report.\n","starterFiles":{"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\nfrom tools.reports import mission_report\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\npoints = int(input())\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(mission_report(badge, points))\n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":"# Tools package for this mini app.\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"def mission_report(badge, points):\n return f\"Mission report: {badge} has {points} points\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.reports."},"1":{"message":"Defini mission_report nan tools/reports.py."},"2":{"message":"Apèl mission_report() soti nan main.py."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\nfrom tools.reports import mission_report\n\nraw_name = input()\nrole = input()\npoints = int(input())\nname = clean_name(raw_name)\nbadge = make_badge(name, role)\nprint(mission_report(badge, points))\n"},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-checkpoint":{"title":"Enpòte soti nan yon fichye èd","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name` avèk `from tools.names import clean_name`.\n4. Li yon non avèk `input()`, netwaye l, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint":"Kreye `tools/names.py` an premye, epi enpòte `clean_name` nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Yon modil èd pèmèt `main.py` rete kout pandan yon lòt fichye okipe yon sèl travay konsantre.","hint_1":"Mete `clean_name(text)` nan `tools/names.py`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`, rele li ak done brit yo, epi enprime non ki netwaye a."},"starterCode":"raw_name = input()\n\n# Import clean_name from tools.names.\n# Print the cleaned name.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name(text) andedan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas vid yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an majiskil tit."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-sketch0":{"title":"Kreye epi enpòte yon èd non","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`.","hint":"Mete `clean_name` nan `tools/names.py`, epi enpòte li nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a se pou deplase edè a soti nan `main.py`, pa pou kenbe tout bagay nan yon sèl dosye.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/names.py`, retounen `text.strip().title()` soti nan `clean_name(text)`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, itilize `from tools.names import clean_name`, epi enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/names.py with clean_name(text).\n# Then import clean_name from tools.names and print clean_name(\" ava \").\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_name soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Defini clean_name nan tools/names.py."},"2":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe retire espas yo."},"3":{"message":"clean_name ta dwe mete non an an titil-case."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\n\nprint(clean_name(\" ava \"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n\nraw_name = input()\nprint(clean_name(raw_name))\n"}}},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-sketch1":{"title":"Kreye epi enpòte yon èd pou badj","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/badges.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/badges.py`, defini `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Retounen `ROLE badge: Name` avèk wòl la an lèt majiskil.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `make_badge`.\n5. Enprime yon bad etidyan pou Ava.","hint":"Kreye `tools/badges.py`, epi enpòte `make_badge` nan `main.py`.","help":{"concept":"Ede fòma a dwe nan pwòp modil li, kidonk `main.py` konekte sèlman moso yo.","hint_1":"Nan `tools/badges.py`, retounen `f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"`.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, enpòte `make_badge` epi enprime `make_badge(\"Ava\", \"student\")`."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/badges.py with make_badge(name, role).\n# Then import make_badge from tools.badges and print a student badge for Ava.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.badges import make_badge\n\nprint(make_badge(\"Ava\", \"student\"))\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"},"text_tools_py":{"content":"def clean_word(text):\n return text.strip().lower()\n\ndef make_label(word):\n return \"Word: \" + word\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte make_badge nan tools.badges."},"1":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"2":{"message":"Mete wòl la an majiskil andedan make_badge."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.badges import make_badge\n\nprint(make_badge(\"Ava\", \"student\"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_word(text):\n return text.strip().lower()\n\ndef make_label(word):\n return \"Word: \" + word\n\nraw_word = input()\nword = clean_word(raw_word)\nprint(make_label(word))\n"}}},"try-using-imports-and-helper-files-sketch2":{"title":"Konekte de modil èd","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen plizyè fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py` ak `clean_name(text)`.\n2. Kreye `tools/badges.py` ak `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte toude èd yo.\n4. Netwaye `\" mia \"`.\n5. Bati yon bad mentor apati non ki netwaye a epi enprime l.","hint":"Enpòte toude helper yo nan `main.py`, epi netwaye non an anvan ou rele `make_badge`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike tout modèl la: fichye ede yo fè travay la, epi k`main.py`e yo ansanm.","hint_1":"Itilize `from tools.names import clean_name` ak `from tools.badges import make_badge`.","hint_2":"Netwaye `\" mia \"`, pase rezilta a nan `make_badge(..., \"mentor\")`, epi enprime badj la."},"starterCode":"# Create a folder named tools.\n# Create tools/names.py with clean_name(text).\n# Create tools/badges.py with make_badge(name, role).\n# Then import both helpers, clean \" mia \", and print a mentor badge.\n","solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nname = clean_name(\" mia \")\nprint(make_badge(name, \"mentor\"))\n"},"tools_names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"tools_badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_name soti nan tools.names."},"1":{"message":"Enpòte make_badge soti nan tools.badges."},"2":{"message":"Defini clean_name nan tools/names.py."},"3":{"message":"Defini make_badge nan tools/badges.py."},"4":{"message":"Rele clean_name nan main.py."},"5":{"message":"Rele make_badge nan main.py."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.names import clean_name\nfrom tools.badges import make_badge\n\nname = clean_name(\" mia \")\nprint(make_badge(name, \"mentor\"))\n","starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"raw_name = input()\nrole = input()\n\nname = raw_name.strip().title()\nprint(f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\")\n"},"names_py":{"content":"def clean_name(text):\n return text.strip().title()\n"},"badges_py":{"content":"def make_badge(name, role):\n return f\"{role.upper()} badge: {name}\"\n"}}},"sc-file-to-module":{"title":"Import from a sibling file","prompt":"`names.py` is beside `main.py` and defines `clean_name`. Which line imports that function into `main.py`?","hint":"Use the Python file name without the `.py` extension.","help":{"concept":"A sibling file such as `names.py` can be imported by its module name `names`.","hint_1":"The module part is `names`, not `names.py`.","hint_2":"A direct function import uses `from names import clean_name`."},"options":{"a":"from names import clean_name","b":"from names.py import clean_name","c":"from clean_name import names","d":"import clean_name from names"}},"sc-direct-call":{"title":"Call a directly imported function","prompt":"After `from names import clean_name`, which expression calls the imported function with `raw_name`?","hint":"A directly imported function is called by its function name.","help":{"concept":"With `from module import function`, the imported function name is available directly in the importing file.","hint_1":"You do not include `.py` when calling the function.","hint_2":"Use `clean_name(raw_name)`."},"options":{"a":"clean_name(raw_name)","b":"names.py.clean_name(raw_name)","c":"import clean_name(raw_name)","d":"from clean_name(raw_name)"}},"sc-module-responsibility":{"title":"Choose a focused helper module","prompt":"Which file responsibility is the clearest fit for a small helper module?","hint":"Keep related reusable functions together.","help":{"concept":"A helper module is easiest to understand when its functions serve one related responsibility.","hint_1":"Name-related cleanup functions belong naturally together.","hint_2":"Avoid a file that mixes unrelated input, math, formatting, and random experiments."},"options":{"a":"`names.py` contains functions for cleaning and formatting names","b":"`everything.py` contains unrelated code from the entire program","c":"`main.py` copies every helper function before using it","d":"`random.py` stores unrelated temporary experiments"}},"sc-main-role":{"title":"What main.py should do","prompt":"After name cleanup lives in `names.py` and badge formatting lives in `badges.py`, what is a good responsibility for `main.py`?","hint":"The main file can coordinate the app instead of duplicating helper logic.","help":{"concept":"`main.py` can read input, call imported helpers, and connect their returned values into the program flow.","hint_1":"The helper modules already own cleanup and badge formatting.","hint_2":"The main file should import and call them rather than rewrite them."},"options":{"a":"Read input and connect the imported helper functions","b":"Copy the full contents of every helper file","c":"Rename every imported function before it can run","d":"Avoid calling any helper function"}}},"tryIt":{"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name` avèk `from tools.names import clean_name`.\n4. Li yon non avèk `input()`, netwaye l, epi enprime rezilta a."},"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram ki gen de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye yon dosye ki rele `tools`.\n2. Kreye `tools/names.py`.\n3. Nan `tools/names.py`, defini `clean_name(text)`.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `clean_name`.\n5. Enprime `clean_name(\" ava \")`."},"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon pwogram de fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/badges.py`.\n2. Nan `tools/badges.py`, defini `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Retounen `ROLE badge: Name` avèk wòl la an lèt majiskil.\n4. Nan `main.py`, enpòte `make_badge`.\n5. Enprime yon bad etidyan pou Ava."},"try_using_imports_and_helper_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati sa a kòm yon ti pwogram ki gen plizyè fichye.\n\n1. Kreye `tools/names.py` ak `clean_name(text)`.\n2. Kreye `tools/badges.py` ak `make_badge(name, role)`.\n3. Nan `main.py`, enpòte toude èd yo.\n4. Netwaye `\" mia \"`.\n5. Bati yon bad mentor apati non ki netwaye a epi enprime l."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"q9":{"title":"Kreye yon modil pou netwaye non"},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute yon modil badj"},"q11":{"title":"Bati yon modil rapò misyon"}}}},"python-7-files-exceptions-and-data-cleaning":{"module-7-clean-student-records":{"label":"Pwojè Modil: Netwaye Dosye Etidyan","summary":"Fè grandi yon ti pwogram netwayaj ki soti nan yon apèsi fichye brit pou vin yon fichye rezilta netwaye ki ka pataje.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Yon dosye etidyan dezòdone rive nan bwat resepsyon ou."},"project":{"title":"Dosye Elèv Pwòp"}},"projectSteps":{"mp_1":{"title":"Li dosye elèv la"},"mp_2":{"title":"Netwaye epi valide yon ranje"},"mp_3":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo epi kolekte anrejistreman yo."},"mp_4":{"title":"Ekri dosye ki netwaye"}},"quiz":{"mp-1-read-student-file":{"title":"Li dosye elèv la","prompt":"Yon gwoup etidyan te voye yon imèl ba ou nan adr`data/students.csv`, epi yo mande sa ki ladan l. Li fichye a epi enprime chak ranje brit san liy vid anplis pou ou ka enspekte done yo anvan ou netwaye yo.","hint":"Ouvri fichye a, fè yon bouk sou chak liy, epi enprime liy ki dekole a.","help":{"concept":"Yon bon travay netwayaj anjeneral kòmanse pa enspekte fichye brit la anvan ou chanje anyen.","hint_1":"Itilize `with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:`.","hint_2":"Anndan bouk la, enprime `line.strip()` pou evite liy vid anplis."},"starterCode":"# Read data/students.csv and print every line without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \":\" + row[\"score\"])\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li data/students.csv olye pou w tape kontni fichye a."},"1":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `name`."},"2":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `score`."},"3":{"message":"Use `strip()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"4":{"message":"Use `title()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"5":{"message":"Import `clean_row` from the sibling `cleaning.py` helper as the project requires."}},"solutionCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"mp-2-clean-one-row":{"title":"Netwaye epi valide yon ranje","prompt":"Kòmanse ak apèsi fichye RAW ou deja bati a. Kenbe kontèks sa a, epi ajoute yon liy pou kreye yon diksyonè ak non netwaye ak yon nòt antye. Li premye liy lan ankò epi enprime diksyonè netwaye a.","hint":"Konsève fòm fichye a jan li abitye: defini yon èd, epi reitilize fichye a pou teste l sou premye ranje a.","help":{"concept":"Yon fonksyon netwayaj bay rès pwogram nan yon fòm serye pou chak ranje ki valab.","hint_1":"Separe ranje a ak `line.strip().split(\",\")`.","hint_2":"Retounen `{\"name\": ..., \"score\": ...}` ak yon non an majiskil tit ak yon nòt antye."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n# Keep the raw-file preview above as your starting point.\n# Next, write clean_row(line) so one row becomes a cleaned dictionary.\ndef clean_row(line):\n # Split the row, clean the name, and convert the score to int.\n pass\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\n# Print the cleaned first row dictionary.\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionCode":"try:\n with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\n\ntry:\n with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\n print(clean_row(first_row))\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."},"1":{"message":"Call `clean_row(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Print the completed `records` list itself after the collection loop."},"3":{"message":"Keep the required `clean_row(row)` function in `cleaning.py`."}}},"mp-3-skip-bad-rows":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo epi kolekte anrejistreman yo.","prompt":"Kenbe `clean_row(line)` ki soti nan dènye etap la. Kounye a, kreye yon lis ki rele `records` pa fè yon bouk sou fichye a, ajoute ranje ki valab apre yo fin netwaye, epi sote ranje `ValueError` pou netwayè a ka kontinye avanse.","hint":"Re-itilize `clean_row(line)` anndan bouk la olye pou w netwaye moso yo ankò ak men.","help":{"concept":"Nan fichye done reyèl yo, gen kèk liy ki kase. Yon netwayè ta dwe kenbe bon liy yo epi pase san pwoblèm sou liy ki pa bon yo.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak `records = []` anvan bouk la.","hint_2":"Ajoute andedan `try`, epi sote `ValueError` ranje nan `except`."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n # Keep using clean_row(line), but only save the rows that work.\n # Skip ValueError rows so the project keeps moving.\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak try/except pou sote ran move yo."},"1":{"message":"Keep the required `clean_row(row)` function in `cleaning.py`."}},"solutionCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"mp-4-write-clean-records":{"title":"Ekri dosye pwòp","prompt":"Kòmanse ak builder dosye ki deja netwaye ou genyen an. Kenbe lojik sa a, epi ekri ranje ki valab yo nan tablo rezilta a epi ranplase enprime apèsi a ak yon mesaj kout sou konklizyon an.","hint":"Tounen lis `records` k ap mache a an yon fichye pou delivre ak yon konfimasyon rapid.","help":{"concept":"Dènye etap nan yon travay netwayaj se delivre yon atik pwòp, pa sèlman enprime done sou ekran an.","hint_1":"Kreye `output/` si sa nesesè, epi louvri `output/clean_students.csv` an mòd ekriti.","hint_2":"Ekri yon dosye pwòp pa liy, epi enprime konbyen dosye pwòp ki te sove."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n\n# Replace the preview print with the shareable output file.\n# Create output/, write output/clean_students.csv, and print how many clean records were saved.\n","starterFiles":{"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_students.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,score\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(record[\"name\"] + \",\" + str(record[\"score\"]) + \"\\n\")\n\nprint(\"Wrote \" + str(len(records)) + \" clean records\")\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_students.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['score']}\\n\")\n\nprint(f\"Wrote {len(records)} clean records\")\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"Ava,92\nMia,not-a-score\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri fichye dosye pwòp la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou kreye fichye CSV sòti a."}},"solutionCode":"from pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score)}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_students.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['score']}\\n\")\n\nprint(f\"Wrote {len(records)} clean records\")\n"},"try-module-7-clean-student-records-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye premye ranje a nan fichye a","prompt":"Ouvri `data/students.csv`, li premye liy la, netwaye non an ak nòt la, epi enprime `Ava:92`.","hint":"Li premye liy ki nan fichye a, separe l, netwaye tou de moso yo, epi enprime yo ak yon pwen-virg.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike netwaye yon ranje reyèl nan menm fòm fichye ki itilize nan pwojè a.","hint_1":"Itilize `with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:` ak `first_row = file.readline()`.","hint_2":"Separe ranje a, itilize `.strip().title()` pou non an, epi enprime `name:score`."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\n# Clean the first row and print Ava:92.\n","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/students.csv\") as file:\n first_row = file.readline()\n\nname, score = first_row.split(\",\")\nprint(f\"{name.strip().title()}:{score.strip()}\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li ranje a nan data/students.csv."},"1":{"message":"Separe ranje a an non ak nòt."},"2":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan non an ak nòt la."},"3":{"message":"Mete non etidyan an an tit."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\n# Open data/students.csv in read mode.\n# Use csv.DictReader and print each row as name:score.\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\nMia,not-a-score\n ,75\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\nNia,105\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/students.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \":\" + row[\"score\"])\n"},"data_students_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\nMia,not-a-score\n ,75\nZoe,87\n leo ,74\nNia,105\n"},"output_clean_students_csv":{"content":"old export\n"}}}},"tryIt":{"try_module_7_clean_student_records_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `data/students.csv`, li premye liy la, netwaye non an ak nòt la, epi enprime `Ava:92`."},"allowReveal":true}},"reading-text-files":{"label":"Li Fichye Tèks","summary":"Ouvri fichye, li tèks, epi fèmen resous yo an sekirite.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Poukisa pou li fichye tèks?"},"sketch1":{"title":"Li tout tèks la oswa liy pa liy"},"sketch2":{"title":"Chemen relatif ak aksè sekirite nan fichye"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratik lekti fichye tèks"}},"quiz":{"sc-read-mode":{"title":"Mòd lekti","prompt":"Ki mòd fichye yo itilize pou louvri yon fichye tèks pou lekti?","hint":"Sèvi ak fason kesyon an poze a ak egzanp leson an pou limite chwa yo.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye yon lide espesifik nan leson an, pa yon estrateji jeneral pou pran tès.","hint_1":"Konpare chak opsyon ak sijè egzak ki nonmen nan kesyon an.","hint_2":"Retire opsyon ki pa matche ak konsèp la oswa prèv ki site nan kesyon an."},"options":{"a":"r","b":"w","c":"yon","d":"eks"}},"sc-relative-path":{"title":"Egzanp chemen relatif","prompt":"Ki chemen ki refere kòrèkteman a yon fichye ki rele `story.txt` ki anndan yon dosye ki rele `data`?","hint":"Sèvi ak non dosye a, epi non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Yon chemen relatif dekri kote yon fichye ye apati kote espas travay aktyèl la, lè l sèvi avèk non dosye ki separe pa yon bakslash (`/`).","hint_1":"Dosye a ta dwe vini anvan non fichye a.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki sanble ak dosye/fichye."},"options":{"a":"story.txt/data","b":"data/story.txt","c":"/data/story.txt","d":"istwa-done.txt"}},"mc-with-open-benefits":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize ak ouvè","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou itilizasyon `with open(...) as file:` lè w ap li fichye tèks.","hint":"Panse sou sa `with` fè pou resous fichye a ak kijan ou jwenn aksè a fichye a andedan blòk la.","help":{"concept":"`with open(...) as file:` Kreye yon blòk fichye jere. Ou itilize varyab fichye a andedan blòk la, epi Python okipe fèmen fichye a apre sa.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon sou fèmen otomatik ak itilizasyon varyab la apre`as`.","hint_2":"De deklarasyon yo kòrèk: youn sou netwayaj la ak youn sou non varyab fichye a."},"options":{"a":"Sa ede asire ke fichye a fèmen apre blòk la fini.","b":"Li kreye yon varyab tankou `file` ke ou ka rele `.read()` sou li.","c":"Li toujou ekri nouvo tèks nan fichye a anvan li li l.","d":"Li sèlman mache pou fichye ki nan menm dosye a, pa pou dosye ki anndan lòt dosye."}},"mc-read-methods":{"title":"Metòd lekti","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki vrè sou `read()` ak `readlines()`.","hint":"Youn retounen yon sèl chèn, epi lòt la retounen yon lis liy.","help":{"concept":"`read()` Li pran tout fichye a kòm yon sèl chèn, tandiske `readlines()` retounen yon lis kote chak eleman se yon liy, souvan ak karaktè nouvo liy ladan l.","hint_1":"Chèche opsyon ki dekri yon gwo chèn ak yon lis liy.","hint_2":"De opsyon yo kòrèk: youn mansyone yon sèl chèn, epi lòt la mansyone karaktè nouvo liy nan atik liy yo."},"options":{"a":"`read()` ka retounen tout fichye a kòm yon sèl chèn.","b":"`readlines()` retounen yon lis liy.","c":"`read()` Toujou retire chak karaktè nouvo liy otomatikman.","d":"`readlines()` retounen yon sèl nimewo pou chak liy."}},"dr-read-file-steps":{"title":"Kòmande etap lekti yo","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou li ak enprime kontni yon fichye.","hint":"Kòmanse pa louvri fichye a, apre sa li l, epi enprime l.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis debaz pou li yon fichye se: louvri fichye a, li kontni li nan yon varyab, epi itilize valè sa a, tankou enprime li.","hint_1":"Fichye a dwe louvri anvan yo ka itilize`.read()`.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin li nan yon varyab, dènye etap la se montre rezilta a nan panèl sòti a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri fichye a ak `with open(..., \"r\") as file:`","t2":"Li tèks la avèk `file.read()`","t3":"Sere rezilta a nan yon varyab","t4":"Enprime varyab la"}},"dr-build-path":{"title":"Bati yon chemen relatif","prompt":"Aranje jeton yo pou kreye chemen relatif la pou `report.txt` andedan dosye `data` la.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"done","t2":"/","t3":"rapò.txt"}},"fb-read-call":{"title":"Konplete apèl lekti a","prompt":"Ranpli non metòd ki manke a pou li tout tèks ki nan yon fichye ki louvri.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"template":"tekst = fichye.[espas1]()","choices":["li","ekri","Fèmen","Ouvè"]},"fb-open-mode":{"title":"Konplete mòd ouvè a","prompt":"Ranpli mòd ki manke a pou fichye a louvri pou lekti.","hint":"Konsantre sou konsèp ki manke a olye de tèm egzak ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Blank la dwe ranpli ak tèm ki koresponn ak travay k ap dekri a.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa pati ki manke a bezwen fè nan deklarasyon an.","hint_2":"Chwazi tèm ki pi byen konplete sans deklarasyon an."},"template":"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"[blank1]\") as file:","choices":["r","w","yon","eks"]},"ci-read-and-print":{"title":"Enprime sa ki nan yon fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/message.txt`, li sa ki nan fichye a, epi enprime tèks ou jwenn lan.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Hello from file reading!`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Enprime kontni yon fichye\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/message.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # read the file and print its contents\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/message.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read()\n print(text)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/message.txt pou li fichye a."}}},"ci-first-line":{"title":"Enprime sèlman premye liy lan","prompt":"Ouvri `data/notes.txt`, li sèlman premye liy la, epi enprime l san karaktè nouvo liy ki nan fen an.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Apples`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Enprime sèlman premye liy lan\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/notes.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # read the first line only\n # print it without the ending newline\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/notes.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n first = file.readline().rstrip(\"\\n\")\n print(first)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/notes.txt pou li fichye a."}}},"ci-count-lines":{"title":"Konte liy yo nan yon fichye tèks","prompt":"Ouvri `data/list.txt`, konte konbyen liy ki nan fichye a, epi enprime chif sa a.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`3`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Konte liy nan yon fichye tèks\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/list.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # count the lines and print the number\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/list.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n lines = file.readlines()\n print(len(lines))","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/list.txt pou konte liy yo."}}},"try-reading-text-files-checkpoint":{"title":"Li yon fichye tèks","prompt":"Li `data/note.txt` epi enprime kontni li san ajoute tèks siplemantè.","hint":"Itiliz`with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:` ak `file.read()`.","help":{"concept":"Ouvri fichye a, li tèks la, epi enprime egzakteman sa ki te estoke la.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak`with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:`.","hint_2":"Rele `file.read()` epi enprime rezilta a san ajoute mo anplis."},"starterCode":"# Read data/note.txt and print its contents.\n","starterFiles":{"data_note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file!\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"data_note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file!\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/note.txt olye pou w tape kontni fichye a."}},"solutionCode":"with open(\"data/note.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"try-reading-text-files-sketch0":{"title":"Li epi enprime yon fichye nòt","prompt":"Ouvri `note.txt`, li tout tèks li, epi enprime egzakteman sa ki nan fichye a.","hint":"Sèvi ak `with open(\"note.txt\") as file:` epi enprime `file.read()`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike lekti yon fichye antye an menm tan.","hint_1":"Ouvri `note.txt` an premye, epi rele `file.read()` anndan blòk `with` la.","hint_2":"Enprime sèlman tèks ki anrejistre nan fichye a."},"starterCode":"# Read note.txt and print its contents without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file\n"},"main_py":{"content":"# Open message.txt in read mode.\n# Read all of its text into message, then print message.\n"},"message_txt":{"content":"Keep learning."}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open('note.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"note_txt":{"content":"Hello from a file\n"},"message_txt":{"content":"Keep learning."}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri note.txt olye pou w tape kontni fichye a."},"1":{"message":"Use `read()` to obtain the file's text."},"2":{"message":"Store the result of `file.read()` in the explicitly requested variable `message`."},"3":{"message":"Print the `message` variable itself after reading the file into it."}},"solutionCode":"with open('note.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"try-reading-text-files-sketch1":{"title":"Enprime chak liy ki nan yon fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, fè yon bouk sou fichye a, epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li.","hint":"Sèvi ak `for line in file:` epi enprime `line.strip()`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike lekti yon liy alafwa ak yon bouk.","hint_1":"Ouvri `names.txt`, epi itilize `for line in file:`.","hint_2":"Enprime `line.strip()` pou chak non parèt yon sèl fwa san liy vid anplis."},"starterCode":"# Read names.txt and print each line without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"},"main_py":{"content":"# Open names.txt in read mode.\n# Loop through the open file and print each stripped line.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri names.txt olye pou w tape non yo dirèkteman."}},"solutionCode":"with open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"try-reading-text-files-sketch2":{"title":"Konte liy fichye yo","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, konte konbyen liy li genyen, epi enprime nimewo a.","hint":"Kòmanse ak `count = 0`, epi ajoute 1 pou chak liy nan fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike itilizasyon yon kontè pandan w ap li yon fichye liy pa liy.","hint_1":"Ouvri `names.txt`, fè yon bouk sou li, epi ogmante `count` andedan bouk la.","hint_2":"Apre bouk la fini, enprime kantite final la."},"starterCode":"count = 0\n\n# Read names.txt, count the lines, and print count.\n","starterFiles":{"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"},"main_py":{"content":"# Read data/city.txt in read mode.\n# Clean the file text with strip() and title(), then print it.\n"},"data_city_txt":{"content":" seAttle \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"count = 0\nwith open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n count += 1\nprint(count)\n"},"names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"},"data_city_txt":{"content":" seAttle \n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li names.txt olye pou w tape kantite final la."},"1":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou liy fichye yo pou konte yo."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak open(...) pou li fichye a."},"3":{"message":"Convert the cleaned city text to title case with `title()`."}},"solutionCode":"count = 0\nwith open('names.txt') as file:\n for line in file:\n count += 1\nprint(count)\n"},"sc-open-read":{"title":"Open a nested file for reading","prompt":"Which line safely opens `data/story.txt` for reading and gives the open file the name `file`?","hint":"Use a `with` block, the relative path, and read mode `r`.","help":{"concept":"`with open(path, \"r\") as file:` opens an existing text file for reading and closes it automatically when the block ends.","hint_1":"The relative path keeps the folder before the file name: `data/story.txt`.","hint_2":"Read mode is written as `\"r\"`."},"options":{"a":"with open(\"data/story.txt\", \"r\") as file:","b":"with open(\"story.txt/data\", \"w\") as file:","c":"open.read(\"data/story.txt\") as file:","d":"with read(\"data/story.txt\") as file:"}},"sc-read-all":{"title":"What .read() returns","prompt":"What does `file.read()` give you when `file` is an open text file?","hint":"Think about reading the complete contents at once.","help":{"concept":"For a text file, `.read()` returns the remaining file contents as one string.","hint_1":"It does not return one number per line.","hint_2":"Choose the option describing one string containing the file text."},"options":{"a":"One string containing the remaining text","b":"A new file on disk","c":"Only the file name","d":"The number of lines in the file"}},"sc-line-loop":{"title":"Read one line at a time","prompt":"Which pattern processes an open text file one line at a time?","hint":"An open file can be used directly in a `for` loop.","help":{"concept":"`for line in file:` gives the loop one line from the open file at a time.","hint_1":"You do not need `.read()` when you want to iterate through the file directly.","hint_2":"Look for the `for line in file:` pattern."},"options":{"a":"for line in file:","b":"for file in line:","c":"line = file.read()","d":"while file = line:"}},"sc-with-cleanup":{"title":"Why use with open","prompt":"What happens to the file when execution leaves a `with open(...) as file:` block?","hint":"The `with` statement manages the file resource for you.","help":{"concept":"The `with` statement closes the file automatically when the block ends, even though you did not call `file.close()` yourself.","hint_1":"The file is not deleted or rewritten.","hint_2":"The managed file is closed after the block."},"options":{"a":"Python closes the file automatically","b":"Python deletes the file","c":"Python changes the file to write mode","d":"Python keeps the file open forever"}}},"tryIt":{"try_reading_text_files_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li `data/note.txt` epi enprime kontni li san ajoute tèks siplemantè."},"try_reading_text_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `note.txt`, li tout tèks li, epi enprime egzakteman sa ki nan fichye a."},"try_reading_text_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, fè yon bouk sou fichye a, epi enprime chak non sou pwòp liy li."},"try_reading_text_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `names.txt`, konte konbyen liy li genyen, epi enprime nimewo a."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_read_and_print":{"title":"Enprime sa ki nan yon fichye"},"ci_first_line":{"title":"Enprime sèlman premye liy lan"},"ci_count_lines":{"title":"Konte liy yo nan yon fichye tèks"}}},"simple-csv-processing":{"label":"Pwosesis Senp CSV","summary":"Sèvi ak modil csv la pou li ranje ki separe pa virg, jwenn valè yo pa non kolòn, epi netwaye done senp pandan w ap trete ranje yo an sekirite.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Li liy CSV kòm diksyonè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Netwaye valè ki soti nan ranje CSV yo"},"sketch2":{"title":"Sote ranje move an sekirite"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Mini-pwojè netwayaj CSV"}},"quiz":{"sc-import-csv":{"title":"Poukisa enpòte csv?","prompt":"Poukisa ou ekri `import csv` anvan ou itilize `csv.DictReader`?","hint":"Panse kote `DictReader` soti.","help":{"concept":"`DictReader` Se yon pati nan modil estanda Python `csv` la, kidonk fòk ou enpòte modil la anvan ou ka itilize `csv.DictReader`.","hint_1":"Chèche opsyon ki di kòd la ap fè zouti CSV yo disponib nan yon modil.","hint_2":"San enpòtasyon an, Python pa konnen sa `csv` refere a."},"options":{"a":"Li fè modil `csv` la disponib pou ou ka itilize `csv.DictReader`.","b":"Li netwaye espas otomatikman nan chak valè CSV.","c":"Li konvèti chak valè CSV an yon antye.","d":"Li kreye yon nouvo fichye CSV si youn pa egziste."}},"sc-dictreader-row-type":{"title":"Kisa DictReader pwodui?","prompt":"Lè w ap fè yon bouk atravè `csv.DictReader(file)`, ki sa chak `row` sanble plis?","hint":"Panse sou jwenn aksè a valè yo ak non kolòn tankou `row[\"name\"]`.","help":{"concept":"`csv.DictReader` li itilize ranje antèt la kòm kle, konsa chak ranje konpòte l tankou yon diksyonè ki mape non kolòn yo ak valè tèks.","hint_1":"Si ou ka itilize non yon kolòn andedan kwochè, ranje a baze sou kle.","hint_2":"Etikèt antèt yo vin tounen kle tankou `name` ak `score`."},"options":{"a":"Yon diksyonè ki map non kolòn yo ak valè yo","b":"Yon antye sèl nan ranje a","c":"Yon lis non fichye","d":"Yon fonksyon ki netwaye ranje a"}},"mc-clean-score-steps":{"title":"Netwaye yon valè nòt","prompt":"Yon ranje CSV gen `row[\"score\"] == \" 12 \"`. Ki etap ki prepare l kòrèkteman pou matematik? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Ou bezwen yon nimewo, pa tèks ki gen espas ant lèt yo.","help":{"concept":"Valè CSV yo li kòm chèn. Pou itilize yon chan nimerik nan kalkil, retire espas sipèflou si sa nesesè epi konvèti tèks ki netwaye a an yon antye.","hint_1":"Yon sèl etap kòrèk retire espas ki antoure yo, epi yon lòt konvèti tèks la an nimewo.","hint_2":"Metòd tankou `.strip()` netwaye tèks la, pandan ke `int(...)` chanje tip la."},"options":{"a":"Sèvi ak `.strip()` sou tèks nòt la.","b":"Sèvi ak `int(...)` sou tèks nòt mizik ki netwaye a.","c":"Kite l kòm tèks epi ajoute 1 dirèkteman","d":"Sèvi ak `dict(row)` pou konvèti nòt la an yon nimewo."}},"mc-good-csv-processing":{"title":"Modèl itil pou trete CSV","prompt":"Ki fragman kòd sa yo ki bon modèl pou debutan nan pwosesis senp CSV? Chwazi tout sa ki aplike.","hint":"Chèche modèl ki itilize modil csv la epi ki bay non kolòn yo klèman.","help":{"concept":"Bon pwosesis CSV pou debutan itilize`import csv`, `csv.DictReader`, ak aksè klè pa non antèt. Enprime `dict(row)` itil tou pou enspekte yon ranje an sekirite.","hint_1":"Youn nan opsyon kòrèk yo li ranje yo ak `csv.DictReader`, epi yon lòt enprime yon diksyonè ranje konplè pou enspeksyon.","hint_2":"Evite chwa ki pretann valè CSV yo vin nimewo otomatikman oswa ki pa enpòte modil la."},"options":{"a":"`import csv` swiv pa `reader = csv.DictReader(file)`","b":"`print(dict(row))` anndan yon bouk pou enspekte chak ranje","c":"Itilize `row[\"score\"]` pou jwenn aksè a yon kolòn ki gen non","d":"Sipoze `row[\"score\"]` se deja yon antye san konvèsyon"}},"dr-read-csv-order":{"title":"Kòmande etap lekti CSV yo","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou li yon fichye CSV ak`DictReader`, epi enprime yon kolòn.","hint":"Kòmanse pa mete zouti CSV yo disponib, apre sa louvri fichye a, epi kreye lektè a.","help":{"concept":"Yon script ki li CSV anjeneral swiv yon sekans: enpòte modil la, louvri fichye a, kreye yon `DictReader`, fè yon bouk sou ranje yo, epi jwenn valè yo pa non kolòn.","hint_1":"Boukl la fèt apre lektè a fin kreye.","hint_2":"Aksè a `row[\"name\"]` dwe fèt andedan bouk la, apre yon ranje egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"print(row[\"name\"])","t2":": pou ranje nan lektè","t3":"reader = csv.DictReader(file)","t4":"avèk open(\"names.csv\") kòm dosye","t5":"import csv"}},"dr-clean-row-order":{"title":"Kòmande etap netwayaj ranje yo","prompt":"Mete aksyon sa yo nan lòd kote yo netwaye yon nòt epi itilize li nan matematik.","hint":"Jwenn tèks la an premye, netwaye li, konvèti li, epi kalkile.","help":{"concept":"Lè w ap netwaye done nimerik nan yon fichye CSV, premye li valè tèks la, apre sa retire espas yo, konvèti l an nimerik`int`, epi sèlman apre sa sèvi avè l nan aritmetik.","hint_1":"Arithmetik ta dwe fèt apre konvèsyon an nan yon antye.","hint_2":"`.strip()` Li dwe vini anvan `int(...)`, paske li netwaye tèks ke `int` pral li."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ajoute 1 nan nòt antye a.","t2":"Konvèti tèks ki netwaye a avèk `int(...)`","t3":"Li `row[\"score\"]`","t4":"Retire espas yo avèk `.strip()`"}},"fb-dictreader-name":{"title":"Chwazi zouti lektè CSV la","prompt":"Konplete kòd la pou ranje yo ka jwenn pa non kolòn.","hint":"Sèvi ak zouti CSV ki kreye ranje tankou yon diksyonè.","help":{"concept":"`csv.the missing term` li ranje antèt la epi li bay chak ranje ki vin apre kòm yon objè ki sanble ak yon diksyonè, kote kle yo se non kolòn yo.","hint_1":"Valè ki manke a se non klas lektè a apre \"`csv.`\".","hint_2":"Se pa `reader` ni `split`; se èd CSV ki kòmanse ak `Dict`."},"template":"lektè = csv.[espas1](fichye)","choices":["Diktè Lektè","Lektè","Separe","Ekritè"]},"fb-strip-choice":{"title":"Chwazi metòd netwayaj la","prompt":"Ranpli metòd ki manke a pou retire espas ki antoure yon valè CSV.","hint":"Metòd sa a pou chèn retire espas nan tou de bout yo.","help":{"concept":"`.the missing term()` retire espas vid nan kòmansman ak nan fen yon chèn, sa ki itil anvan konvèti valè tèks CSV yo.","hint_1":"Metòd ki manke a rele sou yon chèn tankou `row[\"name\"]`.","hint_2":"Se metòd la ki transfòme `\" Ava \"` an `\"Ava\"`."},"template":"clean_name = row[\"name\"].[blank1]()","choices":["debarase","Ajoute","ekri","li"]},"ci-print-clean-names":{"title":"Enprime non ki netwaye yo soti nan yon fichye CSV","prompt":"Li`students.csv`\nak`csv.DictReader`\n, netwaye chak non pandan w ap fè yon bouk sou liy yo, epi enprime non ki netwaye yo.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Ava`\n\n`Ben`\n.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"students.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n # print the cleaned name\n pass","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"students.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"].strip())","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Retire espas anvan chak non CSV anvan ou enprime li."}}},"ci-sum-valid-scores":{"title":"Sime valè ki valab yo nan CSV la.","prompt":"Li `scores.csv`, netwaye chak 'score', eseye konvèti li an antye, epi ajoute sèlman nimewo ki valab yo nan `total`. Enprime `total` apre bouk la.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`16`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n # try to convert the cleaned score and add it to total\n pass\n\nprint(total)","solutionCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n try:\n total += int(row[\"score\"].strip())\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(total)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itiliztry/except pou valè nòt ki pa valab."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks nòt la ak int()."}}},"ci-write-summary-file":{"title":"Ekri yon fichye rezime CSV","prompt":"Bati yon rapò kout apati de`scores.csv`\n. Pandan w ap fè bouk la, mete ajou`valid_rows`\nak`total_score`\npou ranje ki gen nòt antye ki valab, apre sa ekri rezilta sa yo nan`summary.txt`\nepi enprime kontni fichye a.\n\nSòti w la dwe egzakteman:\n`valid_rows: 2`\n\n`total_score: 16`\n.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n # update valid_rows and total_score for rows with valid integer scores\n pass\n\n# write summary.txt, then print its contents","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n try:\n score = int(row[\"score\"].strip())\n valid_rows += 1\n total_score += score\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nwith open(\"summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"valid_rows: {valid_rows}\\n\")\n file.write(f\"total_score: {total_score}\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"summary.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Itiliztry/except pou valè nòt ki pa valab."},"1":{"message":"Ekri rezime a nan summary.txt."}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-checkpoint":{"title":"Li premye ranje CSV la","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, epi enprime non an sou yon liy ak nòt la sou liy ki vin apre a.","hint":"Enpòte `csv`, kreye `csv.DictReader(file)`, epi itilize premye ranje a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a kòmanse leson an ak yon fichye CSV reyèl olye de yon ranje kòd fiks.","hint_1":"Itiliz`import csv` ak `with open(\"scores.csv\") as file:`.","hint_2":"Kreye `reader = csv.DictReader(file)`, jwenn premye ranje a, epi enprime `row[\"name\"]` ak `row[\"score\"]`."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Print the first row name, then the first row score.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n row = next(reader)\n print(row[\"name\"])\n print(row[\"score\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li scores.csv."},"1":{"message":"Ouvri scores.csv pou etap sa a."}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye yon ranje CSV nan yon fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, retire espas nan `name` ak `score`, epi enprime chak valè ki netwaye sou pwòp liy li.","hint":"Li premye ranje a nan `csv.DictReader`, epi itilize `.strip()` sou tou de valè yo.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike netwaye valè tèks yo apre li fin li yo nan yon fichye CSV.","hint_1":"Itiliz`row[\"name\"].strip()` ak `row[\"score\"].strip()`.","hint_2":"Enprime non ki netwaye a an premye, epi nòt ki netwaye a."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Read the first row, strip the name and score, and print them on separate lines.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n row = next(reader)\n print(row[\"name\"].strip())\n print(row[\"score\"].strip())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li ranje a."},"1":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan valè CSV yo."},"2":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `name`."},"3":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `score`."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\n# Open path in read mode with csv.DictReader.\n# Loop through every row and print name:score using the named columns.\n"},"data_class_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\nAva,92\nBen,85\n"},"data_class_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\nMia,78\nNoah,88\nLiam,91\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\nwith open(path, \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \":\" + row[\"score\"])\n"},"data_class_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\nAva,92\nBen,85\n"},"data_class_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\nMia,78\nNoah,88\nLiam,91\n"}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-sketch1":{"title":"Fè yon bouk sou ranje CSV yo","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, fè yon bouk sou chak ranje, epi enprime chak youn kòm `name: score`.","hint":"Fè yon bouk sou lektè a epi konstwi yon sèl liy fòmate apati chak ranje.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike pwosesis CSV ranje pa ranje ak kolòn ki gen non.","hint_1":"Itilize `for row in reader:` apre ou fin kreye `csv.DictReader(file)`.","hint_2":"Enprime `f\"{row[\"name\"]}: {row[\"score\"]}\"` pou chak ranje."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Loop through the rows and print each one as name: score.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(f'{row[\"name\"]}: {row[\"score\"]}')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li ranje yo."},"1":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou liy CSV yo olye pou w kode sòti a dirèkteman."},"2":{"message":"Use `strip()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"3":{"message":"Use `title()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"4":{"message":"Call `int(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\n# Read every row with csv.DictReader.\n# Clean the name with strip().title(), convert the cleaned score with int(),\n# and print Name:score for each row.\n"},"data_clean_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n aVA , 92 \n ben lee , 85\n"},"data_clean_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n mIA , 70 \n NOAH , 100 \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\nwith open(path, \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score = int(row[\"score\"].strip())\n print(name + \":\" + str(score))\n"},"data_clean_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n aVA , 92 \n ben lee , 85\n"},"data_clean_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n mIA , 70 \n NOAH , 100 \n"}}},"try-simple-csv-processing-sketch2":{"title":"Ajoute nòt CSV yo","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, konvèti chak nòt an antye, ajoute nòt yo nan `total`, epi enprime `total`.","hint":"Fè yon bouk atravè lektè a, konvèti `row[\"score\"]` ak `int(...)`, epi ajoute li nan `total`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a aplike tout modèl CSV la: li ranje yo, konvèti tèks nòt la, epi fè kalkil an sekirite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak `total = 0`, epi fè yon bouk atravè `csv.DictReader(file)`.","hint_2":"Itilize `int(row[\"score\"])` andedan bouk la anvan ou ajoute l nan `total`."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\n# Open scores.csv with csv.DictReader.\n# Convert each score to int, add it into total, and print total.\n","solutionCode":"import csv\n\ntotal = 0\n\nwith open(\"scores.csv\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n total += int(row[\"score\"])\n\nprint(total)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak csv.DictReader pou li ranje yo."},"1":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou liy CSV yo olye pou w kode total la dirèkteman."},"2":{"message":"Konvèti tèks nòt la ak int()."},"3":{"message":"Ajoute chak nòt nimerik nan total la."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\n# Read every CSV row.\n# Clean the name and score text.\n# Count and sum only rows with a non-empty name and an integer score from 0..100.\n# Print valid_rows and total_score after the loop.\n"},"data_mixed_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\n ,75\nLeo,ten\nMia,105\nNoah,80\n"},"data_mixed_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n kai ,0\nLena,100\nOmar,-2\nIvy,55\nNia,oops\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\nvalid_rows = 0\ntotal_score = 0\n\nwith open(path, \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n score_text = row[\"score\"].strip()\n\n if name != \"\":\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n score = None\n\n if score is not None and 0 <= score <= 100:\n valid_rows += 1\n total_score += score\n\nprint(\"valid_rows: \" + str(valid_rows))\nprint(\"total_score: \" + str(total_score))\n"},"data_mixed_a_csv":{"content":"name,score\n Ava ,92\n ,75\nLeo,ten\nMia,105\nNoah,80\n"},"data_mixed_b_csv":{"content":"name,score\n kai ,0\nLena,100\nOmar,-2\nIvy,55\nNia,oops\n"}}},"sc-dictreader-purpose":{"title":"Why use DictReader?","prompt":"What is the main beginner benefit of `csv.DictReader(file)` when the CSV has a header row such as `name,score`?","hint":"Think about how you access `row[\"name\"]`.","help":{"concept":"`csv.DictReader` uses the header row as keys, so later rows can be accessed by meaningful column names.","hint_1":"The header labels become names such as `name` and `score`.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about dictionary-like rows and named columns."},"options":{"a":"Each row can be accessed with keys such as `row[\"name\"]` and `row[\"score\"]`","b":"Every value is automatically converted to an integer","c":"The CSV file is rewritten with cleaner spacing","d":"The header row is deleted from disk"}},"sc-csv-value-type":{"title":"CSV values start as text","prompt":"If a CSV row contains `Ava,92`, what kind of value is `row[\"score\"]` when it first comes from `csv.DictReader`?","hint":"Reading CSV data does not automatically perform numeric conversion.","help":{"concept":"`csv.DictReader` reads field values as strings. Numeric-looking text must still be converted before numeric calculations.","hint_1":"The characters `92` came from a text file.","hint_2":"Choose the string value rather than the integer value."},"options":{"a":"The string `\"92\"`","b":"The integer `92`","c":"The float `92.0`","d":"A dictionary containing only the score"}},"sc-clean-convert-order":{"title":"Clean before numeric conversion","prompt":"A CSV score field is `\" 92 \"`. Which expression correctly removes surrounding spaces and converts it to an integer?","hint":"Clean the string first, then pass the cleaned text to `int(...)`.","help":{"concept":"CSV values are strings, so a common numeric-field pattern is `int(row[\"score\"].strip())`.","hint_1":"`.strip()` removes surrounding whitespace.","hint_2":"`int(...)` performs the numeric conversion after cleaning."},"options":{"a":"int(row[\"score\"].strip())","b":"row[\"score\"].int().strip()","c":"row[\"score\"] + 1","d":"csv.int(row[\"score\"])"}},"sc-bad-row-policy":{"title":"Reject one bad row without stopping later rows","prompt":"While processing many CSV rows, one cleaned score contains `\"oops\"`. What beginner pattern lets the program reject that row and continue processing later rows?","hint":"Use the specific conversion exception from the previous topics.","help":{"concept":"Catch `ValueError` around the integer conversion for that row, then continue the surrounding row-processing logic.","hint_1":"The problem is invalid integer text, not a missing file.","hint_2":"Choose the pattern that handles `ValueError` rather than crashing the whole CSV loop."},"options":{"a":"Use `try` around `int(...)` and catch `ValueError` for that row","b":"Assume every score is already valid","c":"Catch `FileNotFoundError` around the integer conversion","d":"Convert every bad score to 0 automatically"}}},"tryIt":{"try_simple_csv_processing_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, epi enprime non an sou yon liy ak nòt la sou liy ki vin apre a."},"try_simple_csv_processing_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, li premye liy la, retire espas nan `name` ak `score`, epi enprime chak valè ki netwaye sou pwòp liy li."},"try_simple_csv_processing_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, fè yon bouk sou chak ranje, epi enprime chak youn kòm `name: score`."},"try_simple_csv_processing_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `scores.csv` ak `csv.DictReader`, konvèti chak nòt an antye, ajoute nòt yo nan `total`, epi enprime `total`."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_print_clean_names":{"title":"Enprime non ki netwaye yo soti nan yon fichye CSV."},"ci_sum_valid_scores":{"title":"Sime valè valab yo nan CSV la."},"ci_write_summary_file":{"title":"Ekri yon fichye rezime CSV"}}},"try-except-basics":{"label":"Try/Except Baz yo","summary":"Kenbe erè yo atann epi kenbe pwogram yo itil.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa try/except fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Se sèlman liy ki riske a ki bezwen pwoteksyon."},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak eksepsyon pou kenbe pwogram yo itilizab."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike konvèsyon entèg an sekirite ak try/except"}},"quiz":{"q1":{"title":"Kisa k rive apre yo fin detekte yon erè konvèsyon?","prompt":"Yon pwogram kouri modèl sa a:\n\n```python\ntry:\n number = int(text)\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Bad number\")\n```\n\nSi `text` se `\"cat\"`, kisa k ap pase?","hint":"Panse sou sa `int()` fè ak tèks ki pa yon nimewo antye valab.","help":{"concept":"`except ValueError` Jere echèk ki soti nan `int()` lè tèks pa ka konvèti an nimerik.","hint_1":"`int(\"cat\")` Li pa ka pwodui yon nimewo, kidonk Python leve yon erè \"`ValueError`\".","hint_2":"Paske yo trape erè espesifik sa a, pwogram nan egzekite blòk `except` la olye pou l sispann imedyatman."},"options":{"a":"Blòk `except` la kouri epi enprime `Bad number`","b":"Blòk `try` la enprime nimewo konvèti a.","c":"Python inyore tèks ki pa bon an epi li itilize 0","d":"Pwogram nan toujou kanpe anvan li rive nan `except`"}},"q2":{"title":"Ki erè ki anfòm nan konvèsyon entè?","prompt":"Ki tip eksepsyon ou ta dwe trape lè yon eksepsyon E`int(user_text)` ka leve paske tèks la pa yon antye valab?","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri l."},"options":{"a":"Erè non","b":"Erè valè","c":"Erè Endèks","d":"Erè Sentaks"}},"q3":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize try/except isit la?","prompt":"Chwazi tout rezon ki kòrèk pou itilize `try/except` alantou `int(text)` lè w ap netwaye done sal.","hint":"Chèche benefis ki gen rapò ak jere tèks nimerik ki pa kòrèk san danje.","help":{"concept":"`try/except` Li itil lè gen kèk valè ki ka pa valab epi ou vle pwogram nan reyaji san danje olye pou l kraze.","hint_1":"Panse sou sa k rive lè yon atik pa bon nan yon seri pi laj de antre.","hint_2":"Bon chwa yo ta dwe mansyone jere erè avèk gras ak kontinye koule pwogram nan, pa siksè konvèsyon garanti."},"options":{"a":"Li pèmèt pwogram nan jere tèks nimerik ki pa valab san li pa kraze imedyatman.","b":"Li ka montre yon mesaj ranplasman lè konvèsyon an echwe.","c":"Li garanti ke chak chèn ap tounen yon antye.","d":"Li ka ede yon bouk kontinye trete valè ki vin apre yo apre yon move valè."}},"q4":{"title":"Ki antre yo ki ta deklanche ValueError?","prompt":"Chwazi tout valè ki ta ogmante `ValueError` nan `int(value)`.","hint":"Chwazi kòd ki pa tèks nimewo antye valab.","help":{"concept":"`int()` Aksepte chèn tankou `\"12\"` oswa `\"-3\"`, men li rejte tèks ki gen lèt oswa pwen desimal nan fòm chèn pou konvèsyon an antye senp.","hint_1":"Yon siy mwens ak chif toujou se yon chèn antye valab.","hint_2":"Chèche valè ki gen lèt oswa yon pwen desimal kòm tèks."},"options":{"a":"\"18\"","b":"ble","c":"4.5","d":"-2"}},"q5":{"title":"Lòd egzekisyon lè konvèsyon echwe","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd yo rive lè `int(text)` leve `ValueError` andedan yon blòk `try/except`.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe kouri.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki mete aksyon Python an an plas.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann de valè ki te egziste pi bonè apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Python antre nan blòk`try` la","t2":"`int(text)` Rasanble`ValueError`","t3":"Rès blòk `try` la sote","t4":"Blòk `except` ki mache ansanm yo"}},"q6":{"title":"Bati yon modèl debaz pou yon try/except","prompt":"Aranje moso kòd sa yo nan yon modèl debaz kòrèk ki konvèti tèks antre a an yon nimewo antye epi jere antre ki pa kòrèk.","hint":"Aranje moso kòd yo nan lòd Python ta dwe egzekite yo.","help":{"concept":"Moso yo dwe fòme yon kòd Python valab nan lòd li dwe egzekite.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak liy ki prepare aksyon Python lan.","hint_2":"Mete liy ki depann sou valè ki te egziste anvan yo apre valè sa yo fin egziste."},"tokens":{"t1":"Eseye:","t2":"nimewo = ent(tekst)","t3":"print(number)","t4":"eksepte ValueError:","t5":"print(\"Invalid input\")"}},"q7":{"title":"Nonmen mo kle pou kaptire a","prompt":"Konplete mo kle code ki jere erè a apre `try`.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa kòmand la dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"try:\n number = int(text)\n[blank1] ValueError:\n print(\"Bad input\")","choices":["eksepte","retounen","pandan","Enpòte"]},"q8":{"title":"Chwazi konvèsyon riske a","prompt":"Ranpli ekspresyon ki ka bay erè \"`ValueError`\" lè tèks la pa yon antye valab.","hint":"Sèvi ak konvèsyon entegre ki soti nan tèks pou nimewo antye.","help":{"concept":"Etap ki riske nan modèl sa a se konvèti tèks ak `int(...)`, paske kèk chèn pa entèger valab.","hint_1":"Kòd ki manke a ta dwe eseye konvèti `user_text` an yon nimewo antye.","hint_2":"Chwazi ekspresyon ki rele fonksyon konvèsyon antye Python sou varyab la."},"template":"try:\n number = [blank1]\n print(number)\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid\")","choices":["ent(tekstit)","print(user_text)","longè(tekstitèb)","tekst(itilizatè_tekst)"]},"q9":{"title":"Kenbe yon antre antye negatif","prompt":"Yon skanè nimewo ka resevwa yon tèks ki pa valab. Konvèti antre a andedan yon blòk ``try``, epi enprime swa nimewo ki fòmate a oswa yon mesaj ki pa valab.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `27`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Number: 27`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"text = input()\n\n# Convert the text to an integer inside try.\n# Print either the converted result or an invalid message.","solutionCode":"text = input()\n\ntry:\n number = int(text)\n print(f\"Number: {number}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid number\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}}},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute de antre an sekirite","prompt":"De antre 80 rive kòm tèks. Konvèti toude valè yo an nimewo antye, epi enprime sòm nan oswa yon mesaj ki di li pa valab si youn nan valè yo pa ka tounen yon antye.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre yo se `8` ak `5`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Sum: 13`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman yo mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyònman epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"first_text = input()\nsecond_text = input()\n\n# Convert both values inside try.\n# Print the sum or an invalid message.","solutionCode":"first_text = input()\nsecond_text = input()\n\ntry:\n first_number = int(first_text)\n second_number = int(second_text)\n print(f\"Sum: {first_number + second_number}\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid input\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}}},"q11":{"title":"Konte nimewo valab yo","prompt":"Yon lis ki separe ak virg pa ka genyen antre ki pa kòrèk. Fè yon bouk sou chak pati, eseye konvèti li an `int`, konte sèlman antyè valab yo, epi enprime kantite final la.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `3,7,bad,10`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Valid count: 3`.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"parts = input().split(\",\")\nvalid_count = 0\n\n# Loop through each part.\n# Try to convert each one to int.\n# Count only the valid integers.\n# Print the final count.","solutionCode":"parts = input().split(\",\")\nvalid_count = 0\n\nfor part in parts:\n try:\n int(part)\n valid_count += 1\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(f\"Valid count: {valid_count}\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Pase nan chak pati."},"1":{"message":"Itiliztry/except alantou konvèsyon entègra."},"2":{"message":"Konvèti chak valè ak int()."}}},"try-try-except-basics-checkpoint":{"title":"Jere yon move nimewo","prompt":"Li antre a epi eseye konvèti li an yon antye. Enprime \"`Valid`\" si sa mache, sinon enprime \"`Invalid`\".","hint":"Itiliz`try` ak `except ValueError`.","help":{"concept":"Yon blòk `try/except` jere erè san li pa fè pwogram nan kraze.","hint_1":"Itiliz`try` ak `except ValueError`.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"text = input()\n\n# Print Valid for an integer, otherwise Invalid.\n","solutionCode":"text = input()\ntry:\n int(text)\n print(\"Valid\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk try pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}}},"try-try-except-basics-sketch0":{"title":"Trape yon Erè Valè","prompt":"Trape erè espesifik ki koze pa yon konvèsyon entèg ki pa valab.","hint":"Eseye konvèti tèks la an nimerik. Enprime 'move nimewo' si li echwe.","help":{"concept":"Eseye konvèti tèks la an nimerik. Enprime 'move nimewo' si li echwe.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"text = 'abc'\n\n# Try to convert text to int. Print 'bad number' if it fails.\n","solutionCode":"text = 'abc'\ntry:\n number = int(text)\n print(number)\nexcept ValueError:\n print('bad number')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."},"2":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"text = input().strip()\n\n# Convert text with int(...) inside try.\n# Print Number: <value> or Invalid number.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"text = input().strip()\n\ntry:\n number = int(text)\n print(\"Number: \" + str(number))\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid number\")\n"}}},"try-try-except-basics-sketch1":{"title":"Itilize else apre try","prompt":"Blòk `else` la egzekite lè pa gen okenn eksepsyon ki rive.","hint":"Konvèti tèks an entèger epi enprime 'ok' sèlman si konvèsyon an reyisi.","help":{"concept":"Konvèti tèks la an nimerik epi enprime 'ok' sèlman si konvèsyon an reyisi.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"text = '42'\n\n# Convert text to int and print 'ok' only if conversion succeeds.\n","solutionCode":"text = '42'\ntry:\n number = int(text)\nexcept ValueError:\n print('bad number')\nelse:\n print('ok')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak yon blòk `try` pou konvèsyon an."},"1":{"message":"Konvèti tèks la ak int()."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"filename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\n# Try to open path in read mode and print its stripped text.\n# If the file is missing, print Missing file.\n"},"data_note_txt":{"content":"Study exceptions carefully.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"filename = input().strip()\npath = \"data/\" + filename\n\ntry:\n with open(path, \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read().strip()\n print(text)\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n print(\"Missing file\")\n"},"data_note_txt":{"content":"Study exceptions carefully.\n"}}},"try-try-except-basics-sketch2":{"title":"Kontinye boukle apre yon move valè","prompt":"Sèvi ak try/except anndan bouk la pou yon move valè pa kanpe pwogram nan.","hint":"Enprime sèlman valè ki ka konvèti an entèger.","help":{"concept":"Enprime sèlman valè ki ka konvèti an entèger.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"values = ['10', 'bad', '3']\n\n# Print only the values that can be converted to int.\n","solutionCode":"values = ['10', 'bad', '3']\nfor value in values:\n try:\n print(int(value))\n except ValueError:\n pass\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon sik sou valè yo olye pou w tape 10 ak 3 dirèkteman."},"1":{"message":"Itiliztry/except alantou konvèsyon entèger la."},"2":{"message":"Konvèti chak valè ak int()."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"first = input().strip()\nsecond = input().strip()\n\n# Loop through [first, second].\n# For each filename, open data/<filename> and print its stripped text.\n# If that file is missing, print Missing: <filename> and continue.\n"},"data_alpha_txt":{"content":"Alpha file\n"},"data_beta_txt":{"content":"Beta file\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"first = input().strip()\nsecond = input().strip()\n\nfor filename in [first, second]:\n path = \"data/\" + filename\n try:\n with open(path, \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read().strip()\n print(text)\n except FileNotFoundError:\n print(\"Missing: \" + filename)\n"},"data_alpha_txt":{"content":"Alpha file\n"},"data_beta_txt":{"content":"Beta file\n"}}},"sc-value-error":{"title":"Match the conversion error","prompt":"Which exception should handle `int(text)` when `text` might contain something like `\"apple\"`?","hint":"An invalid value is being passed to a valid conversion function.","help":{"concept":"`int(...)` raises `ValueError` when the text cannot represent a whole number.","hint_1":"The function name `int` exists, so this is not a `NameError`.","hint_2":"Choose the exception for a value that cannot be converted."},"options":{"a":"ValueError","b":"FileNotFoundError","c":"NameError","d":"IndexError"}},"sc-file-not-found":{"title":"Match the missing-file error","prompt":"Which exception should handle `open(\"data/missing.txt\", \"r\")` when the file does not exist?","hint":"The path points to a file that Python cannot find.","help":{"concept":"Opening a missing path for reading raises `FileNotFoundError`.","hint_1":"This is a file-location problem, not an integer-conversion problem.","hint_2":"Choose the exception whose name describes a missing file."},"options":{"a":"FileNotFoundError","b":"ValueError","c":"TypeError","d":"IndexError"}},"sc-matching-handler":{"title":"What happens after an exception is caught","prompt":"When code inside `try` raises a `ValueError` and the program has `except ValueError:`, what happens next?","hint":"Python stops the remaining statements in that `try` block and jumps to the matching handler.","help":{"concept":"A matching `except` block handles the raised exception; statements after the failing line inside `try` are skipped.","hint_1":"Python does not continue the rest of the `try` block after the exception.","hint_2":"Choose the option where the matching `except` block runs."},"options":{"a":"Python runs the matching `except ValueError` block","b":"Python ignores the error and continues the next line inside `try`","c":"Python changes the bad value to 0","d":"Python always stops before checking `except`"}},"sc-specific-exception":{"title":"Why catch a specific exception","prompt":"Why is `except ValueError:` better here than a broad bare `except:` when the risky operation is `int(text)`?","hint":"Handle the error you expect instead of hiding unrelated problems.","help":{"concept":"Catching the specific expected exception makes the program's intent clearer and avoids silently swallowing unrelated bugs.","hint_1":"The known risk is an invalid integer value.","hint_2":"Choose the answer about handling that known error while leaving unrelated errors visible."},"options":{"a":"It handles the expected conversion error without hiding every unrelated exception","b":"It guarantees every string becomes an integer","c":"It makes `try` unnecessary","d":"It turns all exceptions into `ValueError`"}}},"tryIt":{"try_try_except_basics_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li antre a epi eseye konvèti li an yon antye. Enprime `Valid` si li mache, sinon enprime `Invalid`."},"try_try_except_basics_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kenbe erè espesifik ki koze pa yon konvèsyon entèg ki pa valab."},"try_try_except_basics_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Blòk `else` la egzekite lè pa gen okenn eksepsyon ki rive."},"try_try_except_basics_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize try/except anndan bouk la pou yon move valè pa kanpe pwogram nan."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"q9":{"title":"Kenbe yon antre antye negatif"},"q10":{"title":"Ajoute de antre an sekirite"},"q11":{"title":"Konte nimewo valab yo"}}},"validating-and-cleaning-input":{"label":"Validasyon ak netwayaj done antre","summary":"Netwaye valè tèks yo, detekte done ki manke, epi rejte ranje ki pa valab san pwogram ou pa kraze.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Ki validasyon ak netwayaj yo fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Valè ki manke kont valè ki pa valab"},"sketch2":{"title":"Mete règ netwayaj yo nan fonksyon yo"},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Kreye èd pou netwaye antre ki dezòdone."}},"quiz":{"sc-valid-row":{"title":"Ki ranje ki valab apre netwayaj la?","prompt":"Yon pwogram retire espas nan tou de chan yo, epi li mande yon non ki pa vid ak yon laj ki ka konvèti ak fonksyon `int()`. Ki ranje ki ta aksepte?","hint":"Chèche yon ranje kote ou ka retire espas epi tèks laj la toujou vin yon nimewo antye.","help":{"concept":"Yon ranje valab sèlman si netwayaj ak `strip()` kite yon non reyèl ak yon chèn laj ke `int()` ka konvèti.","hint_1":"Tcheke chak opsyon apre ou fin retire espas vid ki devan ak ki dèyè nan tou de valè yo.","hint_2":"Rejte ranje ki gen yon non netwaye vid oswa yon laj ki tankou yon mo olye de chif."},"options":{"a":"Ava, 12","b":"[ , ]","c":"Leo, dis","d":"Mia, 4.5"}},"sc-except-flow":{"title":"Ki sa except catch la kenbe isit la?","prompt":"Nan yon blòk `try`/`except ValueError`, ki kalite pwoblèm `except` la fèt pou jere pandan `int(age_text)`?","hint":"Panse sou sa k rive lè tèks pa ka tounen yon antye.","help":{"concept":"`ValueError` Li leve lè yon fonksyon konvèsyon tankou `int()` resevwa yon valè ki nan bon tip jeneral la men ki gen yon kontni ki pa ka itilize.","hint_1":"`int()` Li mache pou chèn tankou `'7'`, men li pa mache pou chèn ki gen mo oswa tèks desimal nan kontèks debutan sa a.","hint_2":"Pwoblèm nan pa yon non varyab ki manke oswa yon erè sentaks nan editè kòd la; se move kontni antre pandan konvèsyon an."},"options":{"a":"Yon valè tèks tankou 'diz' ki pa ka konvèti an nimerik antye.","b":"Yon deklarasyon `print()` ki manke","c":"Endèks yon lis ki twò gwo","d":"Yon chemen fichye toujou relativ"}},"mc-clean-steps":{"title":"Etap itil pou netwaye","prompt":"Chwazi tout etap ki ede netwaye yon ranje tèks anvan validasyon.","hint":"Panse sou operasyon ki retire bri fòma oswa ki estandadize valè tèks yo.","help":{"concept":"Netwayaj la prepare tèks brit la pou validasyon lè li retire espas anplis oswa fè fòma a pi konsistan anvan tcheke règ yo fèt.","hint_1":"Metòd tankou `strip()` ak normalizasyon ka ede; aksyon ki sèlman montre done pa netwaye yo.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki chanje antre dezòdone an yon fòm ki pi konsistan anvan w tcheke si li valab."},"options":{"a":"Itilize `strip()` pou retire espas anplis ki antoure yon valè.","b":"Konvèti yon non tankou 'aVA' nan yon stil majiskil ki konsistan tankou title case.","c":"Enprime ranje a san chanje l","d":"Kenbe tout espas yo egzakteman jan yo te ye pou validasyon an ka wè dezòd la."}},"mc-reject-row":{"title":"Ki ranje yo ta dwe rejte?","prompt":"Yon ranje ki netwaye valab sèlman lè non an pa vid epi nòt la se yon antye ki soti nan 0 rive 100. Chwazi tout ranje ki ta dwe rejte.","hint":"Tcheke chak ranje apre ou fin retire espas yo, epi teste tou de règ yo.","help":{"concept":"Validasyon ka enplike plis pase yon règ: prezans, konvèsyon tip, ak entèval nimerik ki pèmèt.","hint_1":"Yon ranje echwe si non ki netwaye a vid, si nòt la pa ka tounen yon antye, oswa si antye a pa ant 0 ak 100.","hint_2":"Gade byen ranje ki gen sèlman espas pou non, nòt ki baze sou mo, ak nimewo ki depase maksimòm ki pèmèt la."},"options":{"a":"Avwa, 90","b":"[ , '75']","c":"Leo, dis","d":"Mia, 105"}},"dr-clean-order":{"title":"Kòmande pwosesis netwayaj la","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan yon lòd ki fè sans pou netwaye ak valide yon valè tèks ki ta dwe tounen yon antye.","hint":"Fòmate byen anvan konvèsyon an, epi sèvi ak nimewo a sèlman apre konvèsyon an reyisi.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis netwayaj serye retire espas sipèfl li yo an premye, apre sa li eseye konvèti yo, epi li itilize valè konvèti a pou verifikasyon ki vin apre yo.","hint_1":"Si ou eseye `int()` anvan ou retire espas yo epi tcheke tèks brit la, kòd ou a vin pi difisil pou konprann.","hint_2":"Kòmanse ak tèks orijinal la, netwaye li, konvèti li, epi kontinye ak validasyon nimerik."},"tokens":{"t1":"Li valè tèks la","t2":"Retire espas anplis yo avèk `strip()`","t3":"Konvèti tèks ki netwaye a ak `int()`","t4":"Sèvi ak antye a nan verifikasyon ki vin apre yo."}},"dr-try-except-order":{"title":"Kòmande koule try/except la","prompt":"Aranje pati sa yo pou montre koule nòmal la lè w ap konvèti tèks ki netwaye an yon antye san danje.","hint":"Konvèsyon riske a dwe andedan `try`, epi jesyon erè a vini apre li.","help":{"concept":"`try` li genyen kòd ki ka echwe, tandiske `except` jere yon erè espesifik si echèk sa a rive.","hint_1":"Mete tantativ konvèsyon an apre ou fin antre `try`, epi mete aksyon ranplasman an andedan `except ValueError`.","hint_2":"Chemen ki reyisi a itilize nimewo konvèti a anvan chemen pou jere erè a parèt."},"tokens":{"t1":"Kòmanse `try:`","t2":"Eseye `age = int(age_text)`","t3":"Sèvi ak `age` si konvèsyon an te mache.","t4":"Jere move antre nan `except ValueError:`"}},"fb-strip-name":{"title":"Ranpli metòd netwayaj la","prompt":"Konplete kòd la pou li retire espas anplis ki antoure non an.","hint":"Sèvi ak metòd string ki retire espas nan tou de bout yo.","help":{"concept":"`the missing term()` retire espas vid nan kòmansman ak nan fen yon chèn, ki se yon premye etap netwayaj ki kouran.","hint_1":"Valè ki manke a se non yon metòd ki itilize tankou `name.[blank1]()` nan Python.","hint_2":"Se metòd ki vire `' Ava '` an `'Ava'` san chanje lèt yo nan mitan."},"template":"clean_name = name.[blank1]()","choices":["Separe","depi","Ajoute","ekri"]},"fb-empty-check":{"title":"Ranpli konparezon ki manke a","prompt":"Konplete kondisyon an pou li detekte yon valè netwaye ki manke.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa ki dekri nan mesaj la.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"si cleaned_name == [blank1]:","choices":["Zewo","Pa genyen","\"\"","Fo"]},"ci-clean-name":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou netwaye non","prompt":"Ekri `clean_name(text)` pou li retounen yon vèsyon netwaye nan tèks non an.","hint":"Li tach la \"Ekri yon fonksyon pou netwaye non\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def clean_name(text):\n # return the cleaned name\n pass","solutionCode":"def clean_name(text):\n cleaned = text.strip()\n return cleaned.title()"},"ci-parse-age":{"title":"Analize yon laj an sekirite","prompt":"Ekri `parse_age(text)` pou li retounen yon `int` lè tèks la se yon laj valab, epi `None` lè tèks la pa ka itilize kòm yon laj.","hint":"Li tach la \"Analize yon laj an sekirite\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"def parse_age(text):\n # return an int or None\n pass","solutionCode":"def parse_age(text):\n cleaned = text.strip()\n try:\n return int(cleaned)\n except ValueError:\n return None"},"ci-clean-row":{"title":"Valide epi netwaye yon ranje","prompt":"Ekri `clean_row(row)` pou ranje ki gen fòm tankou `[name_text, score_text]`. Retounen yon diksyonè netwaye lè tou de valè yo valab, oswa `None` lè ranje a dwe rejte.","hint":"Li tach la \"Valide ak netwaye yon ranje\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Mete pwogram nan an fonksyon epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou verifye repons ou."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(row):\n # row looks like [name_text, score_text]\n # return a cleaned dictionary or None\n pass","solutionCode":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[0].strip()\n score_text = row[1].strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(score_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name.title(), \"score\": score}"},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-checkpoint":{"title":"Netwaye epi valide yon non","prompt":"Li yon non. Retire tout espas epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil. Si non ki netwaye a vid, enprime `Missing`; sinon enprime non ki netwaye a.","hint":"Itilize `.strip()` anvan ou tcheke si valè a vid.","help":{"concept":"Netwaye antre anvan w valide l ede pwogram yo jere tèks dezòdone.","hint_1":"Itilize `.strip()` anvan ou tcheke si valè a vid.","hint_2":"Kouri kòd ou a epi konpare sòti a ak rezilta espere a."},"starterCode":"name = input()\n\n# Clean and validate the name.\n","solutionCode":"name = input().strip().title()\nif name:\n print(name)\nelse:\n print(\"Missing\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan non an."},"1":{"message":"Mete premye lèt non ki netwaye a an majiskil."}}},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye yon non","prompt":"Netwaye espas vid ak kapitalizasyon anvan w itilize done itilizatè a.","hint":"Retire espas sipèfl, konvèti an majiskil tit, epi enprime rezilta a.","help":{"concept":"Retire espas sipèfl, konvèti an majiskil tit, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"raw = ' aVA smith '\n\n# Strip extra spaces, convert to title case, and print the result.\n","solutionCode":"raw = ' aVA smith '\nclean = raw.strip().title()\nprint(clean)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak strip() pou retire espas anplis."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak title() pou nòmalize non an."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"raw_name = input()\n\n# Clean raw_name with strip() and title().\n# Print Missing if the cleaned name is \"\"; otherwise print the cleaned name.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"raw_name = input()\ncleaned_name = raw_name.strip().title()\n\nif cleaned_name == \"\":\n print(\"Missing\")\nelse:\n print(cleaned_name)\n"}}},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-sketch1":{"title":"Valide yon nòt","prompt":"Tcheke entèval nimerik yo apre konvèsyon an.","hint":"Konvèti score_text an nimerik. Enprime 'valid' si li soti nan 0 rive 100.","help":{"concept":"Konvèti score_text an nimerik. Enprime 'valid' si li soti nan 0 rive 100.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"score_text = '92'\n\n# Convert score_text to int. Print 'valid' if it is from 0 to 100.\n","solutionCode":"score_text = '92'\nscore = int(score_text)\nif 0 <= score <= 100:\n print('valid')\nelse:\n print('invalid')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Konvèti score_text an yon antye."},"1":{"message":"Tcheke ke nòt la ant 0 ak 100."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"score_text = input()\n\n# Strip score_text, convert it safely with int(),\n# and print Valid score only for integers from 0 through 100.\n# Print Invalid score for bad integer text or an out-of-range number.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"score_text = input().strip()\n\ntry:\n score = int(score_text)\n if 0 <= score <= 100:\n print(\"Valid score\")\n else:\n print(\"Invalid score\")\nexcept ValueError:\n print(\"Invalid score\")\n"}}},"try-validating-and-cleaning-input-sketch2":{"title":"Netwaye plizyè ranje","prompt":"Separe chak ranje, retire chak chan, epi fòmate rezilta ki netwaye a.","hint":"Enprime liy nòt ak non ki netwaye, tankou Ava:92.","help":{"concept":"Enprime liy nòt ak non ki netwaye, tankou Ava:92.","hint_1":"Ekri liy pou etap sa a, epi kouri pwogram nan pou wè ki chanjman ki fèt.","hint_2":"Lè w kouri li, enprime sèlman valè a oswa liy ke kòmand la mande."},"starterCode":"rows = [' ava , 92 ', ' mia , 85 ']\n\n# Print cleaned name:score lines like Ava:92.\n","solutionCode":"rows = [' ava , 92 ', ' mia , 85 ']\nfor row in rows:\n name, score = row.split(',')\n print(f'{name.strip().title()}:{score.strip()}')\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Fè yon bouk sou ranje yo olye w tape toude liy ki netwaye yo."},"1":{"message":"Separe chak ranje an non ak nòt."},"2":{"message":"Retire espas vid nan chak pati."},"3":{"message":"Mete premye lèt chak non an majiskil."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_record(name_text, score_text):\n # Return {\"name\": cleaned_name, \"score\": score} when both fields are valid.\n # Return None for a missing name, invalid integer text, or a score outside 0..100.\n pass\n\nname_text = input()\nscore_text = input()\nrecord = clean_record(name_text, score_text)\n\n# Print Rejected for None; otherwise print Name:score.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_record(name_text, score_text):\n name = name_text.strip().title()\n cleaned_score = score_text.strip()\n\n if name == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n score = int(cleaned_score)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if score < 0 or score > 100:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"score\": score}\n\nname_text = input()\nscore_text = input()\nrecord = clean_record(name_text, score_text)\n\nif record is None:\n print(\"Rejected\")\nelse:\n print(record[\"name\"] + \":\" + str(record[\"score\"]))\n"}}},"sc-clean-before-check":{"title":"Clean before checking","prompt":"A required name arrives as `\" \"`. What should the program do before deciding whether the name is missing?","hint":"Whitespace can hide that nothing meaningful was entered.","help":{"concept":"Clean text first, then validate the cleaned value. `strip()` turns a spaces-only string into the empty string.","hint_1":"Checking the raw string would treat several spaces as non-empty text.","hint_2":"Choose the step that removes surrounding whitespace before the missing-value check."},"options":{"a":"Call `.strip()` and then check the cleaned value","b":"Convert the name with `int()`","c":"Append another space","d":"Write the value to a file first"}},"sc-empty-string":{"title":"Detect a missing cleaned value","prompt":"After `cleaned_name = raw_name.strip()`, which comparison directly checks whether the cleaned name is missing?","hint":"A spaces-only string becomes an empty string after `strip()`.","help":{"concept":"The empty string is written as `\"\"`. It is not the number `0`, `None`, or `False`.","hint_1":"Think about the exact value returned by `\" \".strip()`.","hint_2":"Choose the comparison against an empty string literal."},"options":{"a":"cleaned_name == \"\"","b":"cleaned_name == 0","c":"cleaned_name == None","d":"cleaned_name == False"}},"sc-invalid-integer":{"title":"Handle invalid numeric text","prompt":"A cleaned score is `\"ten\"`. What should a safe integer-validation step expect from `int(score_text)`?","hint":"This is the same conversion error handled in the previous topic.","help":{"concept":"`int(...)` raises `ValueError` when cleaned text still cannot represent a whole number.","hint_1":"Cleaning whitespace does not make the word `ten` numeric.","hint_2":"Choose the specific conversion exception introduced in Try/Except Basics."},"options":{"a":"It raises `ValueError`","b":"It returns 0","c":"It returns `None` automatically","d":"It changes the text to `\"10\"`"}},"sc-score-range":{"title":"Validate the allowed range","prompt":"A score successfully converts to the integer `105`. If valid scores must be from 0 through 100, how should the program classify it?","hint":"Successful conversion does not guarantee the number satisfies the rule.","help":{"concept":"Validation can have multiple stages: first confirm conversion works, then check the allowed numeric range.","hint_1":"105 is an integer, so conversion is not the problem.","hint_2":"Compare 105 with the maximum allowed score of 100."},"options":{"a":"Invalid because it is outside 0 through 100","b":"Valid because every integer is accepted","c":"Missing because it is greater than zero","d":"A `FileNotFoundError`"}}},"tryIt":{"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Li yon non. Retire tout espas epi mete premye lèt chak mo an majiskil. Si non ki netwaye a vid, enprime \"`Missing`\"; sinon enprime non ki netwaye a."},"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Netwaye espas vid ak kapitalizasyon anvan w itilize done itilizatè a."},"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Tcheke entèval nimerik yo apre konvèsyon an."},"try_validating_and_cleaning_input_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Separe chak ranje, retire chak chan, epi fòmate rezilta ki netwaye a."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_clean_name":{"title":"Ekri yon fonksyon pou netwaye non"},"ci_parse_age":{"title":"Analize yon laj an sekirite"},"ci_clean_row":{"title":"Valide epi netwaye yon ranje"}}},"working-with-paths":{"label":"Travay ak Chemen","summary":"Konprann chemen relatif ak òganizasyon senp dosye.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Chemen relatif yo endike dosye ki nan espas travay aktyèl ou a."},"sketch1":{"title":"Dosye ede òganize fichye yo klèman."},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak chemen relatif senp, pa sa ki espesifik pou yon machin."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike lekti ak ekriti ak chemen relatif"}},"quiz":{"sc-relative-path-folder":{"title":"Chwazi chemen relatif la","prompt":"Yon fichye ki rele `input.txt` nan yon dosye ki rele `data`. Ki chemen ki refere kòrèkteman a fichye sa a nan leson sa a?","hint":"Itilize non dosye a an premye, epi non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Nonche wout relatif dosye yo nan lòd soti nan kote espas travay aktyèl la rive nan fichye sib la.","hint_1":"Fichye a pa nan menm dosye ak kòd la; li andedan `data`.","hint_2":"Chèche opsyon ki konekte dosye a ak fichye a ak yon ba oblique."},"options":{"a":"input.txt/data","b":"data/input.txt","c":"/data/input.txt","d":"done-antre.txt"}},"sc-same-folder-path":{"title":"Chemen pou yon fichye ki toupre","prompt":"Kòd ou a ak yon fichye ki rele `notes.txt` yo nan menm dosye a. Ki chemen ou ta dwe itilize pou louvri fichye sa a?","hint":"Si fichye a nan menm dosye a, ou pa bezwen nonmen yon lòt dosye.","help":{"concept":"Yon fichye ki nan menm dosye a ka louvri sèlman ak non fichye li kòm yon chemen relatif.","hint_1":"Pa bezwen okenn non dosye anplis isit la.","hint_2":"Chwazi chemen ki pi kout ki valab ki nonmen sèlman fichye a li menm."},"options":{"a":"data/notes.txt","b":"nòt.txt","c":"./data/notes.txt","d":"folder/notes.txt"}},"mc-relative-path-benefits":{"title":"Poukisa pou itilize chemen relatif isit la?","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou itilizasyon chemen relatif nan leson sa a.","hint":"Panse sou chemen ki mache andedan espas travay ak dosye ki bay yo.","help":{"concept":"Chemen relatif yo itil paske yo dekri kote fichye yo nan estrikti pwojè a olye pou yo depann sou yon konfigirasyon machin espesifik.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon sou dosye pwojè ak pòtabte andedan espas travay leson an.","hint_2":"Select the choices that describe starting from the current workspace and avoiding machine-specific locations."},"options":{"a":"Yo ka montre dosye ki nan katab tankou `data/input.txt`.","b":"Yo depann de kote konplè yon òdinatè espesifik.","c":"Yo ede òganize fichye yo pa dosye.","d":"Yo toujou mande yon kote konplè ki espesifik pou machin nan."}},"mc-open-path-examples":{"title":"Egzanp chemen relatif valab","prompt":"Chwazi tout egzanp chemen relatif ki valab pou stil espas travay leson sa a.","hint":"Li kòd la oswa kesyon an ak anpil atansyon epi chwazi opsyon ki kreye konpòtman egzak demann lan mande a.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a verifye si ou ka konekte kòmand lan ak konsèp Python ki soti nan leson an.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Eseye chak opsyon nan fraz la oswa nan liy kòd la epi kenbe sa ki fè egzanp lan mache egzakteman jan yo dekri a."},"options":{"a":"nòt.txt","b":"data/input.txt","c":"dosye -> input.txt","d":"non panèl sòti a"}},"dr-read-file-steps":{"title":"Kòdone etap pou li fichye a","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou li yon fichye ki gen yon chemen relatif epi montre kontni li.","hint":"Ouvri an premye, apre sa li, epi montre.","help":{"concept":"Li yon fichye swiv yon sekans: louvri fichye a, jwenn kontni li, epi enprime rezilta a.","hint_1":"Ou pa ka li dosye a anvan ou louvri li.","hint_2":"Apre ou fin li tèks la nan yon varyab, dènye etap la se montre li nan panèl sòti a."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri `data/input.txt` an mòd lekti","t2":"Sere kontni an nan yon varyab","t3":"Enprime varyab la"}},"dr-build-nested-path":{"title":"Bati chemen an nan lòd","prompt":"Aranje jeton yo pou kreye chemen relatif la pou \"`report.txt`\" andedan dosye \"`data`\".","hint":"Non dosye a vini anvan slash la ak non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Yon chemen relatif anbrete konstwi kòm dosye, barr, epi non fichye.","hint_1":"Kòmanse ak dosye ki gen fichye a.","hint_2":"Slash la separe non dosye a ak non fichye a."},"tokens":{"t1":"done","t2":"/","t3":"rapò.txt"}},"fb-folder-part":{"title":"Konplete chemen dosye a","prompt":"Ranpli non dosye ki manke a.","hint":"Fichye a nan dosye \"`the missing term`\".","help":{"concept":"Yon chemen relatif pou yon fichye ki anndan yon dosye enkli non dosye a anvan barr la.","hint_1":"Pati ki manke a se dosye ki genyen `input.txt`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak non dosye ki parèt nan tout egzanp leson yo."},"template":"[blank1]/input.txt","choices":["done","Antre","dosye","li"]},"fb-same-folder-file":{"title":"Konplete chemen menm dosye a","prompt":"Ranpli non fichye ki manke a pou yon fichye ki nan menm dosye a.","hint":"Pa bezwen non dosye isit la.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon fichye nan menm dosye a, chemen relatif la se jis non fichye a.","hint_1":"Blank la dwe non fichye egzak la, pa yon dosye.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki se yon non fichye senp ki fini ak `.txt`."},"template":"[vid1]","choices":["data/notes.txt","nòt.txt","/nòt.txt","folder/notes.txt"]},"ci-read-nested-file":{"title":"Li nan yon chemen relatif anbreye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/input.txt`, li tèks ki nan chemen relatif sa a, epi enprime l.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`Hello paths!`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Li nan yon chemen relatif anbreye\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/input.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # read the text and print it\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/input.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n text = file.read()\n\nprint(text)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/input.txt pou li fichye anbreye a."}}},"ci-copy-between-paths":{"title":"Kopi tèks la nan yon lòt chemen relatif","prompt":"Kopye tèks ki nan`data/source.txt`\npou mete l nan`data/copy.txt`\n, epi enprime tèks ou kopye a pou nou ka konfime de fichye yo koresponn.\n\nRezilta w la dwe egzakteman:\n`apple`\n\n`banana`\n.","hint":"Li tach la \"Kopi tèks nan yon lòt chemen relatif\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki deja ap mache nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman yo mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"# Read from data/source.txt\n# Write the same text to data/copy.txt\n# Print the copied text","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/source.txt\", \"r\") as source:\n text = source.read()\n\nwith open(\"data/copy.txt\", \"w\") as target:\n target.write(text)\n\nprint(text)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li soti nan data/source.txt."},"1":{"message":"Ekri nan data/copy.txt."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou kreye kopi a."}}},"ci-count-lines-in-folder":{"title":"Konte liy nan yon chemen fichye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/items.txt`, konte konbyen liy li genyen, epi enprime rezilta a.\n\nSòti ou a dwe egzakteman:\n`3`.","hint":"Li tach la \"Count lines from a file path\" epi idantifye rezilta ki nesesè a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/items.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n # count the lines and print the result\n pass","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/items.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n lines = file.readlines()\n\nprint(len(lines))","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/items.txt pou konte liy li yo."}}},"try-working-with-paths-checkpoint":{"title":"Itilize yon chemen relatif","prompt":"Sèvi ak `Path` pou li `data/names.txt`, epi enprime tèks la san karaktè siplemantè.","hint":"Sèvi ak `Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"`.","help":{"concept":"Konstrui chemen relatif la an premye, epi sèvi avè l pou li fichye a.","hint_1":"Kreye chemen an ak `Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"`.","hint_2":"Li chemen sa a epi enprime tèks fichye a san karaktè siplemantè."},"starterCode":"from pathlib import Path\n\n# Build a path to data/names.txt and print its contents.\n","starterFiles":{"data_names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\npath = Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"\nprint(path.read_text(), end=\"\")\n"},"data_names_txt":{"content":"Ava\nMia\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak Path(...) pou konstwi chemen an."},"1":{"message":"Bati chemen an ak Path('data') / 'names.txt'."}},"solutionCode":"from pathlib import Path\n\npath = Path(\"data\") / \"names.txt\"\nprint(path.read_text(), end=\"\")\n"},"try-working-with-paths-sketch0":{"title":"Bati yon chemen relatif","prompt":"Bati chemen relatif `data/scores.txt` apati varyab `folder` ak `filename`, epi enprime chemen an.","hint":"Konbine non dosye a, yon ba, ak non fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike ekri yon chemen relatif kòm tèks.","hint_1":"Sèvi ak varyab `folder` an premye, apre sa `/`, epi `filename`.","hint_2":"Enprime chèn chemen fini a `data/scores.txt`."},"starterCode":"folder = 'data'\nfilename = 'scores.txt'\n\n# Build data/scores.txt and print it.\n","solutionCode":"folder = 'data'\nfilename = 'scores.txt'\npath = folder + '/' + filename\nprint(path)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Bati chemen an apati katab ak non fichye a olye pou w tape chemen final la."},"1":{"message":"Print the `path` variable itself."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"folder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\n\n# Build the relative path from folder and filename, then print it.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"folder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = folder + \"/\" + filename\nprint(path)\n"}}},"try-working-with-paths-sketch1":{"title":"Sèvi ak pathlib pou yon chemen","prompt":"Itilize `Path(\"data\") / \"scores.txt\"`, estoke li nan yon varyab, epi enprime chemen an.","hint":"Enpòte `Path`, konekte de moso yo ak `/`, epi enprime rezilta a.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike konstriksyon yon objè chemen olye de yon chèn senp.","hint_1":"Kreye yon varyab tankou `path = Path(\"data\") / \"scores.txt\"`.","hint_2":"Enprime varyab chemen an apre ou fin konstwi li."},"starterCode":"from pathlib import Path\n\n# Create Path('data') / 'scores.txt' and print it.\n","solutionCode":"from pathlib import Path\npath = Path('data') / 'scores.txt'\nprint(path)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak Path(...) pou konstwi chemen an."},"1":{"message":"Bati chemen an ak Path('data') / 'scores.txt'."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\nfolder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\n\n# Build a Path from folder and filename, then print it.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\nfolder = input().strip()\nfilename = input().strip()\npath = Path(folder) / filename\nprint(path)\n"}}},"try-working-with-paths-sketch2":{"title":"Li nan yon chemen dosye","prompt":"Ouvri `data/message.txt`, li tèks ki nan chemen relatif sa a, epi enprime li.","hint":"Sèvi ak chemen relatif konplè `data/message.txt` andedan `open(...)`.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike itilize yon chemen dosye lè fichye a pa bò kote`main.py`.","hint_1":"Ouvri `data/message.txt` anndan yon blòk `with open(...)`.","hint_2":"Li tèks fichye a epi enprime sèlman tèks sa a."},"starterCode":"# Open data/message.txt and print its text.\n","starterFiles":{"data_message_txt":{"content":"Nested hello\n"},"main_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\nfilename = input().strip()\n\n# Build a Path inside the data folder.\n# Open that path in read mode and print the stripped text.\n"},"data_welcome_txt":{"content":"Welcome to Python paths!\n"},"data_reminder_txt":{"content":"Remember to save your work.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open('data/message.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"data_message_txt":{"content":"Nested hello\n"},"data_welcome_txt":{"content":"Welcome to Python paths!\n"},"data_reminder_txt":{"content":"Remember to save your work.\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ouvri data/message.txt olye pou w tape Nested hello."}},"solutionCode":"with open('data/message.txt') as file:\n print(file.read().strip())\n"},"sc-same-vs-nested":{"title":"Same folder or nested folder","prompt":"Your program is in the workspace root. Which relative path points to `notes.txt` inside the `data` folder?","hint":"Put the containing folder before the file name.","help":{"concept":"A nested relative path names the folder first and then the file, separated by `/`.","hint_1":"`notes.txt` by itself would mean the file is beside `main.py`.","hint_2":"Choose the path that enters `data` before naming `notes.txt`."},"options":{"a":"data/notes.txt","b":"notes.txt/data","c":"/notes.txt","d":"data-notes.txt"}},"sc-path-from-pieces":{"title":"Build a path string from variables","prompt":"If `folder = \"records\"` and `filename = \"scores.txt\"`, which expression builds the relative path `records/scores.txt` from those variables?","hint":"Join folder, slash, and file name in that order.","help":{"concept":"A relative path string can be assembled from existing string variables instead of hard-coding the finished path.","hint_1":"The folder belongs before the slash.","hint_2":"Use both variables so the expression still works if either value changes."},"options":{"a":"folder + \"/\" + filename","b":"filename + \"/\" + folder","c":"\"records/scores.txt\"","d":"folder + filename"}},"sc-pathlib-join":{"title":"Join path parts with Path","prompt":"After `from pathlib import Path`, which expression builds a path from `folder` and `filename`?","hint":"`Path(...)` can be combined with another path part using `/`.","help":{"concept":"`Path(folder) / filename` joins path components without manually inserting a slash string.","hint_1":"Wrap the first path component in `Path(...)`.","hint_2":"Use `/` between the `Path` object and the file-name variable."},"options":{"a":"Path(folder) / filename","b":"Path(folder + filename)","c":"folder.read(filename)","d":"Path / folder / filename()"}},"sc-open-path-object":{"title":"Use a Path object with open","prompt":"If `path` is a `Path` object pointing to a text file, which line opens that path for reading?","hint":"`open(...)` can receive the path object directly.","help":{"concept":"A `Path` object can be passed directly to `open`, just like a relative path string.","hint_1":"Do not convert it to a machine-specific absolute path.","hint_2":"Use the existing `path` variable as the first argument to `open`."},"options":{"a":"with open(path, \"r\") as file:","b":"with path(\"r\") as file:","c":"with open(\"path\", \"r\") as file:","d":"with file.open(\"r\") as path:"}}},"tryIt":{"try_working_with_paths_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Sèvi ak `Path` pou li `data/names.txt`, epi enprime tèks la san karaktè siplemantè."},"try_working_with_paths_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Bati chemen relatif `data/scores.txt` apati varyab `folder` ak `filename`, epi enprime chemen an."},"try_working_with_paths_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Itilize `Path(\"data\") / \"scores.txt\"`, sere li nan yon varyab, epi enprime chemen an."},"try_working_with_paths_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `data/message.txt`, li tèks ki nan chemen relatif sa a, epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_read_nested_file":{"title":"Li nan yon chemen relatif anbreye"},"ci_copy_between_paths":{"title":"Kopi tèks la nan yon lòt chemen relatif"},"ci_count_lines_in_folder":{"title":"Konte liy nan yon chemen fichye"}}},"writing-text-files":{"label":"Ekri Fichye Tèks","summary":"Kreye oswa ranplase fichye tèks lè w louvri chemen yo an mòd ekriti oswa an mòd ajoute epi ekri tèks ke ou ka verifye ak rezilta enprime.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Mòd ekri kreye oswa ranplase tèks"},"sketch1":{"title":"Mòd apend ajoute nan fen an"},"sketch2":{"title":"Sèvi ak karaktè nouvo liy epi verifye sa ou te ekri a."},"quiz":{"title":"Kwiz"},"project":{"title":"Pratike ekri ak mete fichye tèks an apèndis."}},"quiz":{"sc-write-vs-append":{"title":"Chwazi mòd ki ranplase tèks ansyen an.","prompt":"Ki mòd fichye ou ta dwe itilize lè ou vle ranplase nenpòt tèks ki egziste deja nan yon fichye ak nouvo tèks?","hint":"Sèvi ak fason kesyon an poze a ak egzanp leson an pou limite chwa yo.","help":{"concept":"Kesyon sa a tcheke yon lide espesifik nan leson an, pa yon estrateji jeneral pou pran tès.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Retire opsyon ki pa matche ak konsèp la oswa prèv ki site nan kesyon an."},"options":{"a":"yon","b":"d","c":"r","d":"\"x\""}},"sc-verify-written-text":{"title":"Pi bon fason pou konfime tèks ki anrejistre a","prompt":"Apre ou fin ekri tèks nan yon fichye nan leson sa a, ki pi bon fason pou fè rezilta a parèt nan panèl sòti a?","hint":"Panse pou louvri chemen an ankò epi montre kontni ki te sove yo.","help":{"concept":"Egzèsis ekriti fichye yo ta dwe pwodwi rezilta ki ka obsève, kidonk yon modèl komen se relouvri fichye a epi enprime sa ki te ekri a.","hint_1":"Ekri modifye fichye a, men panèl sòti a sèlman montre tèks ou enprime.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki li tèks ki anrejistre a ankò epi afiche li."},"options":{"a":"Chanje tèm editè a","b":"Reouvri fichye a epi enprime sa ki ladan l.","c":"Ouvri panèl nòt yo","d":"Chanje non varyab la"}},"mc-append-true-statements":{"title":"Enfòmasyon sou mòd apendisyon","prompt":"Chwazi tout deklarasyon ki kòrèk sou ouvèti yon fichye an mòd apend (`\"a\"`).","hint":"Mòd apendi kenbe tèks ansyen an epi ajoute nouvo tèks la apre li.","help":{"concept":"Mòd apendi a ekri nan fen kontni ki egziste deja olye pou li efase fichye a an premye.","hint_1":"Chèche deklarasyon ki dekri kenbe tèks ki egziste deja.","hint_2":"Rejte nenpòt opsyon ki di ke mòd apend efase fichye a anvan li ekri."},"options":{"a":"Li kenbe kontni ki egziste deja.","b":"Li ajoute nouvo tèks nan fen fichye a.","c":"Li toujou retire tout sa ki deja nan fichye a.","d":"Li ka itilize pou ajoute yon lòt liy nan yon jounal."}},"mc-good-writing-patterns":{"title":"Modèl itil lè w ap ekri fichye tèks","prompt":"Chwazi tout pratik ki adapte ak pwosesis ekriti fichye pou sijè sa a.","hint":"Panse pou ekri tèks, epi fè rezilta a vizib.","help":{"concept":"Pwogram ekriti fichye pou debutan souvan itilize yon dosye pwoteksyon (`with open(...)`) pou aksè an sekirite, karaktè nouvo liy (newline) pou kase liy, ak yon verifikasyon enprime apre ekriti.","hint_1":"Chèche modèl ki enplike `with open`, `\\n`, ak enprime tèks ki sove.","hint_2":"Evite chwa ki pa gen rapò ak ekriti oswa tcheke kontni fichye a."},"options":{"a":"Itilize `with open(...)` pou fichye a jere byen.","b":"Itilize `\\n` lè ou vle pwochen tèks la sou yon nouvo liy.","c":"Enprime kontni ki sove a apre ekriti pou rezilta a vizib.","d":"Chanje panèl nòt yo anvan ou ekri."}},"dr-write-file-steps":{"title":"Kòdone etap pou ekri ak verifye yo","prompt":"Mete etap sa yo nan lòd kòrèk pou yon pwogram senp ki ekri tèks epi verifye li.","hint":"Ekri an premye, apre sa relouvri epi montre tèks ki te anrejistre a.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwosesis travay komen se louvri dokiman an an mòd ekriti, ekri tèks la, relouvri l an mòd lekti, epi enprime sa ki ladan l.","hint_1":"Fichye a dwe louvri pou ekriti anvan ekzekisyon kowòdone a ka fèt.","hint_2":"Enpresyon vini apre lekti kontni ki sove yo."},"tokens":{"t1":"Ouvri chemen an nan mòd \"w\".","t2":"Ekri tèks la","t3":"Ouvri menm chemen an pou lekti","t4":"Enprime sa ki nan fichye a"}},"dr-append-log-sequence":{"title":"Kòmande workflow apendiks la","prompt":"Aranje aksyon sa yo pou montre kijan yon pwogram ka kreye yon antre jounal kòmansman, ajoute yon lòt antre, epi afiche tout jounal la.","hint":"Premye ekriti a kreye tèks kòmansman an anvan ajoute a ajoute plis.","help":{"concept":"Pou demontre mòd apend la klèman, premye kreye kontni inisyal la, apre sa ajoute nouvo tèks la, epi li tout fichye a ankò.","hint_1":"Ou bezwen kèk tèks kòmansman anvan etap ajoute a gen sans.","hint_2":"Li ak enprime tout jounal la ta dwe fèt apre tou de ekriti yo fini."},"tokens":{"t1":"Louvri jounal la ak mòd \"w\" epi ekri premye liy lan.","t2":"Ouvri jounal la ak mòd \"a\" epi ajoute yon lòt liy","t3":"Louvri jounal la pou lekti","t4":"Enprime tout tèks jounal la"}},"fb-write-mode-code":{"title":"Ranpli mòd ekriti a","prompt":"Konplete mòd la pou kòd sa a louvri fichye a pou ranplase tèks la.","hint":"Konsantre sou konsèp ki manke a olye de tèm egzak ki manke a.","help":{"concept":"Blank la dwe ranpli ak tèm ki koresponn ak travay k ap dekri a.","hint_1":"Konsantre sou sa espas vid la oswa repons lan reprezante: yon valè, yon metòd, yon kle, yon endèks, oswa yon non varyab.","hint_2":"Chwazi tèm ki pi byen konplete sans deklarasyon an."},"template":"with open(\"report.txt\", [blank1]) as file:","choices":["r","yon","d","\"x\""]},"fb-newline-choice":{"title":"Ranpli liy kase a","prompt":"Chwazi tèks ki kòmanse yon nouvo liy apre `First line`.","hint":"Li fraz la ki antoure espas vid la epi deside ki wòl mo ki manke a jwe.","help":{"concept":"Espas vid la bezwen mo oswa senbòl Python egzak ki fè liy lan fè sa kòmand la dekri.","hint_1":"Gade kòd ki antoure espas vid la pou deside si ou bezwen yon mo kle, yon valè, yon metòd, oswa yon kle.","hint_2":"Chwazi opsyon ki fè tout liy lan valab an Python epi ki bay rezilta ke kòmand la mande."},"template":"ekri.fichye(\"Premye liy[espas1]Dezyèm liy\")","choices":["\\t","\\n","\\r"]},"ci-write-greeting-file":{"title":"Ekri yon fichye salitasyon pèsonalize","prompt":"Ekri yon salitasyon nan `greeting.txt` lè w itilize non antre a an majiskil pou premye lèt chak mo, apre sa, louvri `greeting.txt` epi enprime sa ki ladan l.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se `zoe`, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Hello, Zoe!`.","hint":"Sèvi ak `input()` pou non an, epi ekri salitasyon fòmate a nan fichye a.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"name = input()\n\n# Write Hello, NAME! to greeting.txt.\n# Then open greeting.txt and print its contents.\n","solutionCode":"name = input().strip().title()\n\nwith open(\"greeting.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n\nwith open(\"greeting.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan greeting.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri greeting.txt."}}},"ci-overwrite-shopping-list":{"title":"Ekri sou yon lis makèt ki soti nan antre","prompt":"Fòk yon lis makèt ekri ankò apati de nouvo done. Ekri toude atik yo nan`shopping.txt`\n, youn pa liy epi an majiskil pou premye lèt chak mo, epi enprime kontni fichye a.\n\nPa egzanp, si done ki antre yo se`bread`\nak`apples`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Bread`\n\n`Apples`\n.","hint":"Lè w ouvri yon fichye ak `\"w\"`, li ranplase ansyen kontni an.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare sòti a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"first_item = input()\nsecond_item = input()\n\n# Write both items to shopping.txt, one per line.\n# Then print the file contents.\n","solutionCode":"first_item = input().strip().title()\nsecond_item = input().strip().title()\n\nwith open(\"shopping.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(first_item + \"\\n\")\n file.write(second_item + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"shopping.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan shopping.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri shopping.txt."}}},"ci-append-log-entry":{"title":"Ajoute yon antre nan jounal la","prompt":"Jounal la deja kòmanse ak yon sèl liy. Ajoute nouvo antre antre a nan`log.txt`\nsou yon nouvo liy, epi enprime tout fichye a.\n\nPa egzanp, si antre a se`Checked sensors`\n, pwogram ou an ta dwe enprime:\n`Start shift`\n\n`Checked sensors`\n.","hint":"Lè w ouvri yon fichye ak `\"a\"`, li kenbe ansyen kontni an epi li ajoute nouvo tèks nan fen an.","help":{"concept":"Etap pwojè sa a se pwogresif: kòd demaraj la se yon eta pwojè ki estab plis yon nouvo travay pou konplete.","hint_1":"Pa efase kòd ki ap fonksyone nan etap anvan an; ajoute nouvo konpòtman ki mande nan etap sa a.","hint_2":"Kouri pwogram nan epi konpare rezilta a ak egzanp ki atann lan anvan ou tcheke repons ou."},"starterCode":"entry = input()\n\n# Append the entry to log.txt on a new line, then print the full file.\n","solutionCode":"entry = input().strip()\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\", \"a\") as file:\n file.write(\"\\n\" + entry)\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ajoute nan log.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Ouvri log.txt nan mòd apand."}}},"try-writing-text-files-checkpoint":{"title":"Ekri epi li yon fichye tèks","prompt":"Ekri `Hello from a file!` nan `note.txt`, apre sa li fichye a epi enprime tèks ki sove a.","hint":"Ouvri fichye a an mòd ekriti an premye, epi relouvri l pou lekti.","help":{"concept":"Ekri fichye a an premye, epi relouvri li pou w ka montre egzakteman sa ki te anrejistre.","hint_1":"Ouvri `note.txt` an mòd ekriti epi sove `Hello from a file!`.","hint_2":"Rouvri `note.txt` nan mòd lekti epi enprime tèks ou sot ekri a."},"starterCode":"# Write Hello from a file! to note.txt.\n# Then read note.txt and print it.\n","solutionCode":"with open(\"note.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Hello from a file!\")\n\nwith open(\"note.txt\") as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan note.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri fichye a."}}},"try-writing-text-files-sketch0":{"title":"Ekri epi li yon mesaj","prompt":"Ekri `Done` nan `note.txt`, apre sa relouvri `note.txt` epi enprime tèks ki sove a.","hint":"Sèvi ak mòd ekriti an premye, apre sa li menm fichye a ankò.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike tout pwosesis ekri-epi-tcheke a ak yon sèl fichye.","hint_1":"Ouvri `note.txt` ak mòd `\"w\"` epi ekri `Done`.","hint_2":"Ouvri `note.txt` ankò epi enprime `file.read()`."},"starterCode":"# Write Done to note.txt.\n# Then open note.txt and print its contents.\n","solutionCode":"with open('note.txt', 'w') as file:\n file.write('Done')\n\nwith open('note.txt') as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan note.txt olye de sèlman enprime Done."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri note.txt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"status = input()\n\n# Clean status, replace status.txt with the new line,\n# then reopen the file and print what was saved.\n"},"status_txt":{"content":"Old status\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"status = input().strip().title()\n\nwith open(\"status.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(status + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"status.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"status_txt":{"content":"Old status\n"}}},"try-writing-text-files-sketch1":{"title":"Ajoute yon dezyèm liy","prompt":"Kreye yon fisye `log.txt` ak `Start`, relouvri li nan mòd apend, ajoute `End` sou yon nouvo liy, epi enprime tout fichye a.","hint":"Sèvi ak mòd ekriti pou premye liy lan epi sèvi ak mòd apond pou dezyèm liy lan.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a konpare mòd ekri ak mòd ajoute nan yon pwogram kout.","hint_1":"Premyeman, louvri `log.txt` ak `\"w\"` epi ekri `Start\n`.","hint_2":"Apre sa, ouvri `log.txt` ak `\"a\"`, ekri `End`, epi enprime tout fichye a."},"starterCode":"# Create log.txt with Start, then append End on a new line.\n# Print the final file contents.\n","solutionCode":"with open('log.txt', 'w') as file:\n file.write('Start\\n')\nwith open('log.txt', 'a') as file:\n file.write('End')\nwith open('log.txt') as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Kreye epi ajoute nan log.txt."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri fichye jounal la."},"2":{"message":"Read the saved file back with `read()` before displaying the complete log."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"entry = input()\n\n# Clean entry, append it to log.txt on a new line,\n# then reopen the file and print the complete log.\n"},"log_txt":{"content":"Start shift\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"entry = input().strip()\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\", \"a\") as file:\n file.write(entry + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"log.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"log_txt":{"content":"Start shift\n"}}},"try-writing-text-files-sketch2":{"title":"Ekri yon rapò senp","prompt":"Ekri `Ava: 92` nan `report.txt`, apre sa relouvri fichye a epi enprime li.","hint":"Sèvi ak varyab `name` ak `score` pou konstwi tèks la anvan ou ekri li.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a pratike fòmate yon liy tèks anvan li anrejistre l nan yon fichye.","hint_1":"Bati tèks la ak `f\"{name}: {score}\"` epi ekri li nan `report.txt`.","hint_2":"Rouvri `report.txt` epi enprime liy ki sove a."},"starterCode":"name = 'Ava'\nscore = 92\n\n# Write 'Ava: 92' to report.txt, then print the file.\n","solutionCode":"name = 'Ava'\nscore = 92\nwith open('report.txt', 'w') as file:\n file.write(f'{name}: {score}')\nwith open('report.txt') as file:\n print(file.read())\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Ekri nan report.txt olye de sèlman enprime repons lan."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak file.write() pou ekri report.txt."}},"starterFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name = input()\nscore = input()\n\n# Clean the inputs, create report.txt with two labeled lines,\n# then reopen the file and print exactly what was saved.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"name = input().strip().title()\nscore = input().strip()\n\nwith open(\"report.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Name: \" + name + \"\\n\")\n file.write(\"Score: \" + score + \"\\n\")\n\nwith open(\"report.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"}}},"sc-write-mode-effect":{"title":"What write mode does","prompt":"A file already contains `Old text`. What happens when you open that same path with mode `\"w\"` and write `New text`?","hint":"Write mode does not keep the old contents.","help":{"concept":"Opening a text file with mode `\"w\"` creates the file if needed or replaces its existing contents before new text is written.","hint_1":"The old text is not appended after the new text.","hint_2":"Choose the result containing only the newly written text."},"options":{"a":"The file contains only `New text`","b":"The file contains `Old textNew text`","c":"The file stays unchanged","d":"Python automatically switches to read mode"}},"sc-append-mode-effect":{"title":"What append mode does","prompt":"Which statement correctly describes opening an existing text file with mode `\"a\"`?","hint":"Append mode preserves what is already there.","help":{"concept":"Append mode keeps the existing contents and writes new text at the end of the file.","hint_1":"It does not clear the file first.","hint_2":"Choose the option that preserves old text and adds new text after it."},"options":{"a":"It keeps the existing text and writes new text at the end","b":"It always erases the file before writing","c":"It can only read the existing text","d":"It automatically sorts every line"}},"sc-newline-writing":{"title":"Write the next value on a new line","prompt":"Which string contains two lines when written to a text file?","hint":"The newline escape sequence is `\\n`.","help":{"concept":"`\\n` represents a line break inside a Python string.","hint_1":"The line break belongs between the two pieces of text.","hint_2":"Choose the string containing `\\n` between `First` and `Second`."},"options":{"a":"\"First\\nSecond\"","b":"\"First Second\"","c":"\"First\\tSecond\"","d":"\"First/Second\""}},"sc-verify-saved-file":{"title":"Verify what was saved","prompt":"After a program finishes writing a file, which pattern lets you show the actual saved contents in the output panel?","hint":"Reopen the same path for reading and print what `.read()` returns.","help":{"concept":"Writing changes the file, while reopening it in read mode and printing `.read()` makes the saved contents visible.","hint_1":"Use the same path that was written.","hint_2":"Choose the option that reads the file back instead of printing a separate hard-coded message."},"options":{"a":"Reopen the file in read mode and print `file.read()`","b":"Print the file name as a string","c":"Open a different file and ignore the saved one","d":"Change the variable name used for the writer"}}},"tryIt":{"try_writing_text_files_checkpoint":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri `Hello from a file!` nan `note.txt`, apre sa li fichye a epi enprime tèks ki sove a."},"try_writing_text_files_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri `Done` nan `note.txt`, apre sa relouvri `note.txt` epi enprime tèks ki te sove a."},"try_writing_text_files_sketch1":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Kreye yon fichye `log.txt` ak `Start`, relouvri li nan mòd apend, ajoute `End` sou yon nouvo liy, epi enprime tout fichye a."},"try_writing_text_files_sketch2":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ekri `Ava: 92` nan `report.txt`, apre sa relouvri fichye a epi enprime li."},"allowReveal":true},"projectSteps":{"ci_write_greeting_file":{"title":"Ekri epi montre yon salitasyon."},"ci_overwrite_shopping_list":{"title":"Ekri sou yon lis ki gen de liy"},"ci_append_log_entry":{"title":"Ajoute yon nouvo antre nan jounal la"}}}},"python-8-real-world-project":{"community-event-registration-cleaner":{"label":"Final Capstone: Community Event Registration Cleaner","summary":"Build one cumulative registration-cleaning tool that reads CSV rows, validates messy data, moves reusable logic into sibling helper modules, summarizes accepted registrations, writes two report files, and verifies the saved artifacts.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"A new domain, the same engineering habits"},"project":{"title":"Community Event Registration Cleaner"}},"projectSteps":{"cp_1":{"title":"Clean and validate one registration"},"cp_2":{"title":"Collect only valid registrations"},"cp_3":{"title":"Move cleaning into a helper module"},"cp_4":{"title":"Add summary helper functions"},"cp_5":{"title":"Write the final report files"},"cp_6":{"title":"Verify the saved artifacts"}},"quiz":{"try-community-event-registration-cleaner-sketch0":{"title":"Inspect the registration export","prompt":"Open `data/registrations.csv` in read mode with `csv.DictReader`. Loop through every data row and print `name|event|seats|email` using the named columns exactly as they appear in the file. Do not clean or reject anything yet.","hint":"Inspect the real CSV shape before you design the cleaner.","help":{"concept":"The preview establishes that the capstone uses a header-based CSV file and named columns, not hand-written row splitting.","hint_1":"Create `reader = csv.DictReader(file)` inside the open-file block.","hint_2":"Loop through `reader` and use all four named columns from each row."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\n# Open data/registrations.csv in read mode.\n# Use csv.DictReader and print every row as name|event|seats|email.\n","starterFiles":{"data_registration_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\n# Open data/registrations.csv in read mode.\n# Use csv.DictReader and print every row as name|event|seats|email.\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n"},"data_registration_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"1":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."},"2":{"message":"Normalize the attendee name."},"3":{"message":"Normalize the email address."}}},"cp-1-read-registration-file":{"title":"Clean and validate one registration","prompt":"Start from the CSV preview. Add `clean_row(row)`. Clean `name` with whitespace trimming followed by title-case normalization, strip `event`, strip and lowercase `email`, and strip the seat text before conversion. Return `None` when the cleaned name, event, or email is empty, when seats cannot convert with `int()`, or when seats is less than 1. Otherwise return a dictionary with keys `name`, `event`, `seats`, and `email`. Print `clean_row(row)` for every CSV row so you can see which rows are accepted. Inside `clean_row(row)`, clean the required fields with the specified string methods: trim whitespace from each text field, title-case the cleaned name, lowercase the cleaned email, and convert the cleaned seat text to an integer. Catch `ValueError` when the seat conversion fails.","hint":"Apply the cleaning and validation rules inside one reusable function.","help":{"concept":"`clean_row(row)` should return one dependable shape for valid data and `None` for every rejected registration.","hint_1":"Check missing cleaned text before converting the seat count.","hint_2":"Catch exactly `ValueError`, then reject seat counts below 1."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n","starterFiles":{"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(row[\"name\"] + \"|\" + row[\"event\"] + \"|\" + row[\"seats\"] + \"|\" + row[\"email\"])\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"1":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `name`."},"2":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `event`."},"3":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `seats`."},"4":{"message":"Use the explicitly requested dictionary field `email`."},"5":{"message":"Use `strip()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"6":{"message":"Use `title()` because that method is explicitly required by the prompt."},"7":{"message":"Call `int(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"cp-2-clean-one-registration":{"title":"Collect only valid registrations","prompt":"Keep the working `clean_row(row)` function. Replace the row-by-row preview with a list named `records`. For each CSV row, call `clean_row(row)` once, store the result in `record`, and append it only when it is not `None`. Print the final `records` list.","hint":"Let `clean_row` decide validity; this step should only collect accepted results.","help":{"concept":"Separating cleaning from collection keeps the workflow readable and prevents duplicated validation logic.","hint_1":"Create `records = []` before opening the file.","hint_2":"Use `if record is not None:` before `records.append(record)`."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n","starterFiles":{"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n print(clean_row(row))\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Call `clean_row(...)` because that function call is explicitly required by the prompt."}}},"cp-3-skip-bad-registration-rows":{"title":"Move cleaning into a helper module","prompt":"Keep the same accepted `records` behavior, but move the complete `clean_row(row)` function out of `main.py` into a new sibling file named `cleaning.py`. Import it with a from-import that brings `clean_row` in from the `cleaning` module. Do not create a package or `__init__.py`; Module 6 used direct sibling helper modules.","hint":"Move one responsibility without changing the program's behavior.","help":{"concept":"A sibling helper module lets `main.py` orchestrate the workflow while `cleaning.py` owns row cleaning and validation.","hint_1":"Create `cleaning.py` beside `main.py` and place the complete working function there.","hint_2":"Remove the local function definition from `main.py` and import `clean_row` directly."},"starterCode":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\n\ndef clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import for `clean_row` from `cleaning`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Preserve the deterministic output contract."}}},"cp-4-move-cleaning-to-module":{"title":"Add summary helper functions","prompt":"Create a new sibling file named `summary.py` with `total_seats(records)` and `event_counts(records)`. `total_seats` should use a normal loop to add each record's seats. `event_counts` should build a dictionary by incrementing each event name. Import both helpers in `main.py`, then print `Total seats: <total>` followed by each `event: count` in the dictionary's first-seen event order. In `summary.py`, compute the summary values with a `for` loop over `records`. In `main.py`, print each event/count pair with a `for` loop over the dictionary produced by the event-count helper.","hint":"Use normal loops and dictionaries so the summary stays within concepts already taught.","help":{"concept":"Summary helpers should accept `records` and return values without reading or writing files themselves.","hint_1":"Build the seat total with an accumulator loop.","hint_2":"For counts, use `if event in counts:` to increment an existing key or create it with 1."},"starterCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n # Move the working cleaning logic here.\n pass\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\nprint(records)\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import involving `summary`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"3":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."},"4":{"message":"Use a `for` loop as the prompt requests."}}},"cp-5-add-summary-functions":{"title":"Write the final report files","prompt":"Create a sibling file named `reports.py` with `write_clean_registrations(records)` and `write_summary(total, counts)`. Write `output/clean_registrations.csv` in `\"w\"` mode with the header `name,event,seats,email` and one accepted record per line. Write `output/summary.txt` in `\"w\"` mode with `Total seats: <total>` followed by each `event: count`. Import and call both helpers from `main.py`, then print the concise console summary. The old output files already exist and must be replaced.","hint":"The output files already exist, so ordinary write mode is enough; no directory-creation API is needed.","help":{"concept":"Keep file writing in `reports.py` while `main.py` coordinates cleaning, summarizing, and reporting.","hint_1":"Use fixed output paths inside the report functions rather than default parameters.","hint_2":"Write event counts by looping directly through the counts dictionary; do not sort them."},"starterCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","starterFiles":{"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n pass\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n pass\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n return sum(record[\"seats\"] for record in records)\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n counts[event] = counts.get(event, 0) + 1\n return counts\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"reports_py":{"content":"def write_clean_registrations(records):\n with open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(\n record[\"name\"] + \",\" +\n record[\"event\"] + \",\" +\n str(record[\"seats\"]) + \",\" +\n record[\"email\"] + \"\\n\"\n )\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts):\n with open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Total seats: \" + str(total) + \"\\n\")\n for event in counts:\n file.write(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]) + \"\\n\")\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the requested import involving `reports`."},"1":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"2":{"message":"Follow the exact code structure that is explicitly shown in the prompt."},"3":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"4":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."}}},"cp-6-write-final-reports":{"title":"Verify the saved artifacts","prompt":"Keep the complete cleaner, helper modules, summaries, and report writers. After writing both output files, print `Cleaned <count> registrations`, then reopen `output/clean_registrations.csv` and `output/summary.txt` in read mode and print their exact saved contents. The grader checks the files themselves as well as the console output.","hint":"Verify the durable artifacts rather than trusting only the in-memory values.","help":{"concept":"The final capstone should prove that the CSV and summary files were actually overwritten with the cleaned data.","hint_1":"Reopen each output path after the report functions finish.","hint_2":"Use `print(file.read(), end=\"\")` so the saved contents appear exactly as written."},"starterCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n","starterFiles":{"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n return sum(record[\"seats\"] for record in records)\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n counts[event] = counts.get(event, 0) + 1\n return counts\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\n\ndef write_clean_registrations(records, path=\"output/clean_registrations.csv\"):\n pass\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts, path=\"output/summary.txt\"):\n pass\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\nprint(\"Total seats: \" + str(total))\nfor event in counts:\n print(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]))\n"},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"reports_py":{"content":"def write_clean_registrations(records):\n with open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(\n record[\"name\"] + \",\" +\n record[\"event\"] + \",\" +\n str(record[\"seats\"]) + \",\" +\n record[\"email\"] + \"\\n\"\n )\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts):\n with open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Total seats: \" + str(total) + \"\\n\")\n for event in counts:\n file.write(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]) + \"\\n\")\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n\nwith open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n"},"data_registrations_csv":{"content":"name,event,seats,email\n ava smith ,Python Night,2, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM \nMia Chen,Data Clinic,not-a-number,mia@example.com\n ,Python Night,1,blank@example.com\nZoe Ray,Python Night,1,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,Web Workshop,3, leo@example.com \nNia Moss,Data Clinic,0,nia@example.com\nOmar Hill,Data Clinic,2, \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, event, seats, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"event\": event.strip(), \"seats\": int(seats), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n return sum(record[\"seats\"] for record in records)\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n counts[event] = counts.get(event, 0) + 1\n return counts\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"from pathlib import Path\n\n\ndef write_clean_registrations(records, path=\"output/clean_registrations.csv\"):\n output_path = Path(path)\n output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n with output_path.open(\"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['event']},{record['seats']},{record['email']}\\n\")\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts, path=\"output/summary.txt\"):\n output_path = Path(path)\n output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)\n with output_path.open(\"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"Total seats: {total}\\n\")\n for event, count in sorted(counts.items()):\n file.write(f\"{event}: {count}\\n\")\n"},"tools___init___py":{"content":""},"cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(row):\n name = row[\"name\"].strip().title()\n event = row[\"event\"].strip()\n seats_text = row[\"seats\"].strip()\n email = row[\"email\"].strip().lower()\n\n if name == \"\" or event == \"\" or email == \"\":\n return None\n\n try:\n seats = int(seats_text)\n except ValueError:\n return None\n\n if seats < 1:\n return None\n\n return {\"name\": name, \"event\": event, \"seats\": seats, \"email\": email}\n"},"summary_py":{"content":"def total_seats(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"seats\"]\n return total\n\n\ndef event_counts(records):\n counts = {}\n for record in records:\n event = record[\"event\"]\n if event in counts:\n counts[event] += 1\n else:\n counts[event] = 1\n return counts\n"},"reports_py":{"content":"def write_clean_registrations(records):\n with open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,event,seats,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(\n record[\"name\"] + \",\" +\n record[\"event\"] + \",\" +\n str(record[\"seats\"]) + \",\" +\n record[\"email\"] + \"\\n\"\n )\n\n\ndef write_summary(total, counts):\n with open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"Total seats: \" + str(total) + \"\\n\")\n for event in counts:\n file.write(event + \": \" + str(counts[event]) + \"\\n\")\n"},"output_clean_registrations_csv":{"content":"old registrations export\n"},"output_summary_txt":{"content":"old summary\n"}},"solutionCode":"import csv\nfrom cleaning import clean_row\nfrom reports import write_clean_registrations, write_summary\nfrom summary import event_counts, total_seats\n\nrecords = []\n\nwith open(\"data/registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n reader = csv.DictReader(file)\n for row in reader:\n record = clean_row(row)\n if record is not None:\n records.append(record)\n\ntotal = total_seats(records)\ncounts = event_counts(records)\n\nwrite_clean_registrations(records)\nwrite_summary(total, counts)\n\nprint(\"Cleaned \" + str(len(records)) + \" registrations\")\n\nwith open(\"output/clean_registrations.csv\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n\nwith open(\"output/summary.txt\", \"r\") as file:\n print(file.read(), end=\"\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"1":{"message":"Use the literal expression or path that the prompt explicitly asks for."},"2":{"message":"Preserve the deterministic output contract."},"3":{"message":"Create the requested output artifact."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_community_event_registration_cleaner_sketch0":{"title":"Try it yourself","prompt":"Inspect the complete registration export with `csv.DictReader` before the capstone starts."},"allowReveal":true}},"class-roster-cleaner":{"label":"Pwojè final kou a: Netwayè lis klas la","summary":"Bati pwosesis netwayaj lis la kòm yon koule kontinyèl: enspekte ekspòtasyon an, netwaye ranje yo, modilize lojik la, rezime klas la, epi voye rapò final yo.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Kliyan final ou a: biwo lekòl la"},"project":{"title":"Netwayè Lis Klas"}},"projectSteps":{"cp_1":{"title":"Li fichye lis la"},"cp_2":{"title":"Netwaye yon ranje nan lis la"},"cp_3":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo an sekirite"},"cp_4":{"title":"Mete netwayaj nan yon modil èd."},"cp_5":{"title":"Ajoute fonksyon rezime"},"cp_6":{"title":"Ekri rapò final yo"}},"quiz":{"cp-1-read-roster-file":{"title":"Li fichye lis la","prompt":"Biwo lekòl la voye ou yon fichye ki rele \"`data/roster.csv`\" epi li di, \"Anvan nou fè konfyans fichye sa a, èske ou ka montre nou egzakteman sa li genyen ladan l?\" Li fichye a epi enprime chak liy brit san okenn liy vid anplis, enkli liy antèt la.","hint":"Kòmanse pa enspekte ekspòtasyon brit la egzakteman jan li te rive.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwojè netwayaj done ki fèt ak anpil atansyon kòmanse ak vizibilite: li fichye sous la anvan ou transfòme li.","hint_1":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv` ak yon blòk `with open(...)`.","hint_2":"Fè yon bouk sou fichye a epi enprime `line.strip()`."},"starterCode":"# Read data/roster.csv and print every raw line without extra blank lines.\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li data/roster.csv olye pou w tape sa ki nan lis la."}},"solutionCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n"},"cp-2-clean-one-row":{"title":"Netwaye yon ranje nan lis la","prompt":"Kòmanse ak apèsi lis ou deja bati a. Kenbe kontèks sa a, epi ajoute `clean_row(line)` pou yon ranje done vin tounen yon diksyonè ki gen `name` netwaye, `score` antye, ak `email` an lèt piti. Li premye ranje done a ankò epi enprime diksyonè netwaye a.","hint":"Enspekte an premye, apre sa re-itilize menm fòm fichye a pou teste asistan an sou yon ranje.","help":{"concept":"Yon fwa yon ranje gen yon fòm ki fyab, tout pwojè a ka reitilize menm lojik netwayaj sa a pou chak ranje.","hint_1":"Separe ranje a an `name`, `score`, ak `email`.","hint_2":"Sèvi ak `.strip().title()` pou non, `int(...)` pou nòt, ak `.strip().lower()` pou imèl."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n# Keep the raw roster preview above as your starting point.\n# Next, write clean_row(line) so one data row becomes a cleaned dictionary.\ndef clean_row(line):\n # Split name, score, and email, then return the cleaned record.\n pass\n\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\n# Print the cleaned first data row.\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\n\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\nprint(clean_row(first_row))\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionCode":"try:\n with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n for line in file:\n print(line.strip())\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n\n\ndef clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\n\ntry:\n with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\n print(clean_row(first_row))\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n pass\n"},"cp-3-skip-bad-roster-rows":{"title":"Sote ranje ki pa bon yo an sekirite","prompt":"Kenbe asistan `clean_row(line)` k ap fonksyone nan dènye etap la. Kounye a, fè yon bouk sou ranje done yo, ranmase dosye ki valab e ki netwaye, epi sote ranje ki pa valab yo pou netwayè lis la rete itil.","hint":"Sèvi ak menm asistan an pou chak ranje olye pou w refè netwayaj la an liy.","help":{"concept":"Fichye reyèl yo raman pafè. Yon zouti done itil pwoteje koule travay la lè li ranmase anrejistreman ki valab epi sote ranje li pa ka netwaye.","hint_1":"Kreye yon tablo `records = []`, epi fè yon bouk sou ranje yo apre antèt la.","hint_2":"Ajoute andedan `try` epi sote ranje ki pa valab nan `except ValueError`."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n # Keep using clean_row(line), but only save rows with valid scores.\n # Skip ValueError rows so the roster cleaner can finish the file.\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n pass\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak try/except pou sote ranje move nan lis la."},"1":{"message":"Trape ValueError pou liy move nan lis la."},"2":{"message":"Itilize clean_row(line) andedan bouk la."}},"solutionCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"cp-4-move-cleaning-to-module":{"title":"Mete netwayaj nan yon modil èd.","prompt":"Kòmanse ak pwogram ki netwaye lis travay la nan `main.py`. Mete `clean_row(line)` nan `tools/cleaning.py`, enpòte li tounen nan `main.py`, epi kenbe rezilta dosye ki netwaye yo egzakteman menm jan.","hint":"Etap sa a se yon refactoring, pa yon reekriti: workflow la rete nan `main.py`, epi detay netwayaj yo deplase nan modil èd la.","help":{"concept":"Lè yon pwojè grandi, modil èd yo kenbe fichye prensipal la konsantre sou workflow la olye de detay yo.","hint_1":"Kreye yon kont `tools/cleaning.py` epi deplase kont `clean_row(line)` la ladan l.","hint_2":"Nan `main.py`, ranplase fonksyon lokal la ak `from tools.cleaning import clean_row`."},"starterCode":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n\n# Move clean_row(line) into tools/cleaning.py.\n# Then import it back here so main.py keeps only the roster workflow.\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"# Move clean_row(line) here and keep the same cleaned record shape.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte clean_row nan tools.cleaning."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak clean_row(line) nan modil èd la."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n"},"cp-5-add-summary-functions":{"title":"Ajoute fonksyon rezime","prompt":"Kenbe netwayè ki baze sou helper nan etap anvan an. Kounye a, ajoute `tools/scoring.py` pou pwojè a ka enprime nòt mwayèn nan awondi a yon plas desimal ak kantite pas.","hint":"Ajoute kalkil nòt la nan edè yo, epi ranplase apèsi dosye brit la ak de liy rezime yo.","help":{"concept":"Rapò yo anjeneral bezwen rezime, pa sèlman ranje ki netwaye. Fonksyon èd fè kalkil sa yo fasil pou teste ak re-itilize.","hint_1":"Ajoute `average_score(records)` ak `passing_count(records)` nan `tools/scoring.py`.","hint_2":"Enpòte toude helper yo nan `main.py`, epi enprime `Average: ...` ak `Passing: ...`."},"starterCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(records)\n\n# Replace the raw records preview with summary helpers.\n# Add average_score(records) and passing_count(records) in tools/scoring.py, then print both summary lines here.\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"# Add average_score(records) and passing_count(records) here.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"def average_score(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"score\"]\n return total / len(records)\n\ndef passing_count(records):\n count = 0\n for record in records:\n if record[\"score\"] >= 70:\n count += 1\n return count\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Enpòte average_score ak passing_count soti nan tools.scoring."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak average_score(records) pou kalkile mwayèn nan."},"2":{"message":"Sèvi ak passing_count(records) pou kalkile kantite pasaj."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"cp-6-write-final-reports":{"title":"Ekri rapò final yo","prompt":"Kòmanse ak netwayè a ki deja enprime mwayèn nan ak kantite pase yo. Konplete transfè a lè w ajoute asistan rapò yo, ekri `output/clean_roster.csv` ak `output/summary.txt`, epi enprime liy kantite netwaye a ak rezime final la.","hint":"Tounen rezime travay la an livrabl: ekri tou de fichye yo, epi enprime kantite ki netwaye a ansanm ak liy rezime yo.","help":{"concept":"Yon pwojè reyèl fini ak livrabl: fichye ki netwaye ak yon rezime yon lòt moun ka itilize.","hint_1":"Ajoute `write_clean_roster(records, path)` ak `write_summary(records, path)` nan `tools/reports.py`.","hint_2":"Rele asistan sa yo pou de chemen sòti yo, epi enprime kantite dosye ki netwaye yo ansanm ak mwayèn nan ak liy ki pase yo."},"starterCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n\n# Finish the handoff by adding tools/reports.py.\n# Write output/clean_roster.csv and output/summary.txt, then print the cleaned record count too.\n","starterFiles":{"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_init_py":{"content":""},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"def average_score(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"score\"]\n return total / len(records)\n\ndef passing_count(records):\n count = 0\n for record in records:\n if record[\"score\"] >= 70:\n count += 1\n return count\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"# Add write_clean_roster(records, path) and write_summary(records, path) here.\n"}},"solutionFiles":{"main_py":{"content":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\nfrom tools.reports import write_clean_roster, write_summary\nfrom pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwrite_clean_roster(records, \"output/clean_roster.csv\")\nwrite_summary(records, \"output/summary.txt\")\nprint(f\"Cleaned {len(records)} records\")\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"data_roster_csv":{"content":"name,score,email\n ava smith ,92, AVA@EXAMPLE.COM\nMia Chen,not-a-score,mia@example.com\nZoe Ray,87,zoe@example.com\nLeo West,74, leo@example.com \n"},"tools_cleaning_py":{"content":"def clean_row(line):\n name, score, email = line.strip().split(\",\")\n return {\"name\": name.strip().title(), \"score\": int(score), \"email\": email.strip().lower()}\n"},"tools_scoring_py":{"content":"def average_score(records):\n total = 0\n for record in records:\n total += record[\"score\"]\n return total / len(records)\n\ndef passing_count(records):\n count = 0\n for record in records:\n if record[\"score\"] >= 70:\n count += 1\n return count\n"},"tools_reports_py":{"content":"import os\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\n\ndef write_clean_roster(records, path):\n os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or \".\", exist_ok=True)\n with open(path, \"w\") as file:\n file.write(\"name,score,email\\n\")\n for record in records:\n file.write(f\"{record['name']},{record['score']},{record['email']}\\n\")\n\ndef write_summary(records, path):\n os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(path) or \".\", exist_ok=True)\n with open(path, \"w\") as file:\n file.write(f\"records={len(records)}\\n\")\n file.write(f\"average={average_score(records):.1f}\\n\")\n file.write(f\"passing={passing_count(records)}\\n\")\n"}},"sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Sèvi ak write_clean_roster(...) pou kreye rapò lis pwòp la."},"1":{"message":"Sèvi ak write_summary(...) pou kreye rapò rezime a."},"2":{"message":"Ekri lis pwòp la pou output/clean_roster.csv."},"3":{"message":"Ekri rezime pou output/summary.txt."}},"solutionCode":"from tools.cleaning import clean_row\nfrom tools.scoring import average_score, passing_count\nfrom tools.reports import write_clean_roster, write_summary\nfrom pathlib import Path\nPath(\"output\").mkdir(exist_ok=True)\n\n\nrecords = []\nwith open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n for line in file:\n try:\n records.append(clean_row(line))\n except ValueError:\n continue\n\nwrite_clean_roster(records, \"output/clean_roster.csv\")\nwrite_summary(records, \"output/summary.txt\")\nprint(f\"Cleaned {len(records)} records\")\nprint(f\"Average: {average_score(records):.1f}\")\nprint(f\"Passing: {passing_count(records)}\")\n"},"try-class-roster-cleaner-sketch0":{"title":"Netwaye premye anrejistreman lis la","prompt":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv`, sote ranje antèt la, netwaye premye dosye elèv la, epi enprime `Ava Smith <ava@example.com>`.","hint":"Sote antèt la, epi netwaye premye ranje done a anvan ou enprime li.","help":{"concept":"Kat sa a itilize fòm fichye lis reyèl la ki soti nan capstone la olye de yon chèn ranje ki kode an di.","hint_1":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv`, itilize `next(file)` yon fwa pou sote antèt la, epi li premye ranje done a.","hint_2":"Separe liy lan, mete non an ak premye lèt majiskil, mete adrès imel la an lèt piti, epi enprime `Name <email>`."},"starterCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\n# Clean the first student record and print Ava Smith <ava@example.com>.\n","solutionCode":"with open(\"data/roster.csv\") as file:\n next(file)\n first_row = next(file)\n\nname, score, email = first_row.split(\",\")\nprint(f\"{name.strip().title()} <{email.strip().lower()}>\")\n","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Li ranje a nan data/roster.csv."},"1":{"message":"Sote ranje tit la anvan ou li premye elèv la."},"2":{"message":"Separe ranje lis la an pati li yo."},"3":{"message":"Mete non etidyan an an tit."},"4":{"message":"Ekri adrès imel la an lèt piti."}}}},"tryIt":{"try_class_roster_cleaner_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye l poukont ou","prompt":"Ouvri `data/roster.csv`, sote ranje antèt la, netwaye premye dosye elèv la, epi enprime `Ava Smith <ava@example.com>`."},"allowReveal":true}}}},"python-v2":{"python-v2-0":{"module-0-welcome-board-project":{"label":"Pwojè Modil: Konstwi yon Panno Byenveni","summary":"Yon responsab klib bezwen yon panno byenveni ki vin yon ti jan pi byen fèt nan chak etap. Kontinye amelyore menm pwogram nan jiskaske tout panno a pare.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Premye kliyan ou: yon responsab klib ak yon panno byenveni vid"},"project":{"title":"Konstriktè Panno Byenveni"}},"projectSteps":{"mp_1":{"title":"Mete tit evènman an"},"mp_2":{"title":"Ajoute liy lè a"},"mp_3":{"title":"Ajoute kantite èd yo"},"mp_4":{"title":"Fini panno byenveni an"},"mp_5":{"title":"Calculate the helper count"},"mp_6":{"title":"Finish the welcome board"}},"quiz":{"mp-1-set-event-title":{"title":"Set the event title","prompt":"Start the welcome board with one line that prints exactly:\n\n`Code Club Open House`","hint":"Use one `print()` call with the title as a string literal.","help":{"concept":"The project begins with one working line. Later stages will keep this line and extend the same program.","hint_1":"The event title is text, so write it as a quoted string.","hint_2":"This stage needs one output line only."},"starterCode":"# Start the board with the event title.\n","solutionCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Start with one print call for the exact event title."}}},"mp-2-add-useful-comment":{"title":"Document the board","prompt":"Keep the working title line. Add one useful Python comment on the line above it describing the purpose of the program.\n\nThe program output must still be exactly:\n\n`Code Club Open House`","hint":"A Python comment starts with `#` and should not become output.","help":{"concept":"Comments document code for readers without changing the program's normal output.","hint_1":"Put the comment above the existing `print()` call.","hint_2":"Do not add another printed line in this stage."},"starterCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Add one non-empty Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."}}},"mp-3-add-event-time":{"title":"Add the event time","prompt":"Keep the comment and title. Add one new output line under the title that prints exactly:\n\n`Doors open at 4 PM`","hint":"Preserve the existing program and add one new `print()` call below the title.","help":{"concept":"A cumulative project grows by preserving correct code and adding one focused improvement.","hint_1":"The comment stays at the top.","hint_2":"The new time line should appear after the event title."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."}}},"mp-4-add-seat-literal":{"title":"Add a numeric literal","prompt":"Keep the board so far. Add these two output lines at the bottom:\n\n`Seats available`\n`24`\n\nPrint `24` as a numeric literal, not as quoted text.","hint":"The label is a string, but the seat count should be the number `24` without quotes.","help":{"concept":"A numeric literal is a number written directly in code. Quoting `24` would turn it into a string instead.","hint_1":"Use one print call for the label and one for the number.","hint_2":"The line for the count should contain `print(24)`, not `print(\"24\")`."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."},"1":{"message":"Print the seat count as the integer literal `24`, not as text."}}},"mp-5-calculate-helper-count":{"title":"Calculate the helper count","prompt":"Keep everything already working. Add these two output lines:\n\n`Helpers ready`\n`6`\n\nDo not type the final `6` directly. Make Python calculate it with the expression `2 * 3`.","hint":"Print the label first, then print the expression `2 * 3` on the next line.","help":{"concept":"An arithmetic expression produces a value. Here the program should calculate the helper count rather than hard-code the result.","hint_1":"Keep `2 * 3` visible in the source code.","hint_2":"The expression should not be inside quotes."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)\nprint(\"Helpers ready\")\nprint(2 * 3)","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."},"1":{"message":"Use the expression `2 * 3` itself to calculate the helper count."}}},"mp-6-add-final-message":{"title":"Finish the welcome board","prompt":"Keep the complete working board from the previous step. Add one final line at the bottom that prints exactly:\n\n`Bring your questions!`\n\nPreserve every earlier line and add only the new final message.","hint":"Start from the working program exactly as it is and add one quoted string in a new `print()` call at the bottom.","help":{"concept":"A cumulative project grows from the previous working solution. The final step should preserve all earlier behavior and add only the new requirement.","hint_1":"Do not rewrite or remove any of the earlier board lines.","hint_2":"The final value is text, so keep it inside matching quotes."},"starterCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)\nprint(\"Helpers ready\")\nprint(2 * 3)","solutionCode":"# Show the welcome board for arriving students\nprint(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Seats available\")\nprint(24)\nprint(\"Helpers ready\")\nprint(2 * 3)\nprint(\"Bring your questions!\")","sourceChecks":{"0":{"message":"Keep the useful Python comment immediately above the first `print()` statement."}}},"mp-1-print-event-title":{"title":"Mete tit evènman an","prompt":"Kòmanse vrè panno byenveni an. Ranplase liy aperçu a ak yon liy ki enprime egzakteman `Code Club Open House`.","hint":"Ou bezwen sèlman yon liy print nan etap sa a.","help":{"concept":"Pwojè a kounye a soti nan aperçu a pou antre nan vrè panno a. Kenbe li senp epi fè tit la kòrèk an premye.","hint_1":"Retire tèks aperçu a epi enprime tit evènman an pito.","hint_2":"Fè majiskil yo ak espas yo matche egzakteman."},"starterCode":"print(\"Welcome to Python Club\")\n\n# Replace the preview line with the real event title.\n"},"mp-2-print-agenda-lines":{"title":"Ajoute liy lè a","prompt":"Kenbe liy tit la depi etap anvan an. Anba li, ajoute yon nouvo liy ki enprime egzakteman `Doors open at 4 PM`.","hint":"Kite tit la kote li ye a epi ajoute yon lòt liy print anba li.","help":{"concept":"Etap sa a pwolonje menm pwogram nan olye pou li rekòmanse. Kenbe liy ki deja mache a, epi ajoute pwochen detay la.","hint_1":"Kounye a pwodiksyon an gen de liy.","hint_2":"Tit la ta dwe toujou enprime an premye."},"starterCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")\n\n# Keep the title line.\n# Add the time line under it.\n"},"mp-3-show-seat-count":{"title":"Ajoute kantite èd yo","prompt":"Kenbe de liy panno ou deja genyen yo. Ajoute yon twazyèm liy ki enprime egzakteman `Helpers ready: 6`, epi kalkile `6` la ak `2 * 3` olye pou ou tape li dirèkteman.","hint":"Ajoute yon lòt liy print epi kite Python evalye `2 * 3`.","help":{"concept":"Kounye a panno a melanje tèks ak yon ti ekspresyon. Sa fè pwogram nan fasil pou li pandan li toujou kite Python fè travay nimewo a.","hint_1":"Kenbe de premye liy yo egzakteman jan yo ye a.","hint_2":"Nouvo liy la ta dwe enprime etikèt la an premye epi valè kalkile a an dezyèm."},"starterCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\n\n# Keep the lines above.\n# Add the helper count with the expression 2 * 3.\n"},"mp-4-build-full-welcome-board":{"title":"Fini panno byenveni an","prompt":"Kenbe panno ou te konstwi jiskaprezan an. Ajoute yon dènye liy anba li ki enprime egzakteman `Bring your questions!`.","hint":"Pa reekri liy ki te vini anvan yo. Jis ajoute liy final la anba a.","help":{"concept":"Dènye etap la se yon ti etap polisaj, pa yon rekòmansman. Kenbe panno ki deja mache a epi ajoute mesaj final la pou tout pwogram nan santi li fini.","hint_1":"Pwodiksyon final la gen kat liy.","hint_2":"Nouvo liy la dwe vini apre kantite èd yo."},"starterCode":"print(\"Code Club Open House\")\nprint(\"Doors open at 4 PM\")\nprint(\"Helpers ready:\", 2 * 3)\n\n# Keep the board above.\n# Add one last line that says Bring your questions!\n"},"try-module-0-welcome-board-project-sketch0":{"title":"Gade aperçu panno byenveni an","prompt":"Kòmanse panno a ak yon liy amikal: enprime egzakteman `Welcome to Python Club`.","hint":"Sèvi ak yon deklarasyon print.","help":{"concept":"Aperçu rapid sa a montre kalite pwodiksyon pwòp pwojè a pral konstwi.","hint_1":"Ou bezwen sèlman yon liy tèks pou aperçu sa a.","hint_2":"Fè mo yo matche egzakteman."},"starterCode":"# Print the first welcome line\n"}},"tryIt":{"try_module_0_welcome_board_project_sketch0":{"title":"Eseye li ou menm","prompt":"Kòmanse panno a ak yon liy amikal: enprime egzakteman `Welcome to Python Club`."},"allowReveal":true}},"operators-and-expressions":{"label":"Operatè ak Ekspresyon","summary":"Konbine nimewo ak chenn karaktè ak operatè aritmetik ak parantèz.","cards":{"sketch0":{"title":"Sa ekspresyon yo fè"},"sketch1":{"title":"Plis modèl ekspresyon aritmetik"},"sketch2":{"title":"Parantèz chanje lòd la"},"quiz":{"title":"Tès"},"project":{"title":"Pratike ak operatè ak ekspresyon"}},"quiz":{"sc-division-operator":{"title":"Choose the division operator","prompt":"Which Python operator divides one numeric value by another?","hint":"Python uses a keyboard symbol for division.","help":{"concept":"Python uses `+` for addition, `-` for subtraction, `*` for multiplication, and `/` for division.","hint_1":"Do not choose the multiplication symbol.","hint_2":"Choose the slash used in an expression such as `8 / 2`."},"options":{"a":"+","b":"-","c":"*","d":"/"}},"sc-precedence-result":{"title":"Apply operator precedence","prompt":"What value does Python produce for `2 + 3 * 4`?","hint":"Multiplication is evaluated before addition.","help":{"concept":"In an expression without grouping parentheses, multiplication and division are evaluated before addition and subtraction.","hint_1":"Evaluate `3 * 4` before combining the result with `2`.","hint_2":"Do not start by evaluating `2 + 3`."},"options":{"a":"14","b":"20","c":"24","d":"9"}},"mc-operator-matches":{"title":"Match operators to their jobs","prompt":"Which operator descriptions are correct? Choose all correct answers.","hint":"Match each symbol with the arithmetic operation it performs.","help":{"concept":"The four basic arithmetic operators are `+` add, `-` subtract, `*` multiply, and `/` divide.","hint_1":"Check the meaning of each symbol independently.","hint_2":"Two distractors deliberately swap operator meanings."},"options":{"a":"`+` adds numeric values","b":"`*` multiplies numeric values","c":"`/` subtracts numeric values","d":"`-` divides numeric values"}},"dr-precedence-steps":{"title":"Trace an ungrouped expression","prompt":"Arrange the evaluation steps for `18 - 8 / 2`.","hint":"Division happens before subtraction.","help":{"concept":"Python evaluates division before subtraction when there are no parentheses changing the grouping.","hint_1":"Start with `8 / 2`.","hint_2":"Use that result in the remaining subtraction."},"tokens":{"t1":"Evaluate `8 / 2`","t2":"Produce `4.0`","t3":"Evaluate `18 - 4.0`","t4":"Produce `14.0`"}},"dr-grouped-steps":{"title":"Trace a grouped expression","prompt":"Arrange the evaluation steps for `(5 + 2) * 3`.","hint":"The grouped addition is evaluated before the multiplication.","help":{"concept":"Parentheses give the grouped expression priority over the surrounding arithmetic.","hint_1":"Start inside the parentheses.","hint_2":"After the group becomes one value, multiply by `3`."},"tokens":{"t1":"Evaluate `5 + 2`","t2":"Produce `7`","t3":"Evaluate `7 * 3`","t4":"Produce `21`"}},"fb-target-operator":{"title":"Choose the operator for a target","prompt":"Choose the operator that</article></body></html>